1
|
Tran LT, Wardle H, Colledge-Frisby S, Taylor S, Lynch M, Rehm J, Volberg R, Marionneau V, Saxena S, Bunn C, Farrell M, Degenhardt L. The prevalence of gambling and problematic gambling: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health 2024; 9:e594-e613. [PMID: 39025095 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling behaviours have become of increased public health interest, but data on prevalence remain scarce. In this study, we aimed to estimate for adults and adolescents the prevalence of any gambling activity, the prevalence of engaging in specific gambling activities, the prevalence of any risk gambling and problematic gambling, and the prevalence of any risk and problematic gambling by gambling activity. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. We systematically searched for peer-reviewed literature (on MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycInfo) and grey literature to identify papers published between Jan 1, 2010, and March 4, 2024. We searched for any gambling, including engagement with individual gambling activities, and problematic gambling data among adults and adolescents. We included papers that reported the prevalence or proportion of a gambling outcome of interest. We excluded papers of non-original data or based on a biased sample. Data were extracted into a bespoke Microsoft Access database, with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool used to identify the risk of bias for each sample. Representative population survey estimates were firstly meta-analysed into country-level prevalence estimates, using metaprop, of any gambling, any risk gambling, problematic gambling, and by gambling activity. Secondly, population-weighted regional-level and global estimates were generated for any gambling, any risk gambling, problematic gambling, and specific gambling activity. This review is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021251835). FINDINGS We screened 3692 reports, with 380 representative unique samples, in 68 countries and territories. Overall, the included samples consisted of slightly more men or male individuals, with a mean age of 29·72 years, and most samples identified were from high-income countries. Of these samples, 366 were included in the meta-analysis. Globally, 46·2% (95% CI 41·7-50·8) of adults and 17·9% (14·8-21·2) of adolescents had gambled in the past 12 months. Rates of gambling were higher among men (49·1%; 45·5-52·6) than women (37·4%; 32·0-42·5). Among adults, 8·7% (6·6-11·3) were classified as engaging in any risk gambling, and 1·41% (1·06-1·84) were engaging in problematic gambling. Among adults, rates of problematic gambling were greatest among online casino or slots gambling (15·8%; 10·7-21·6). There were few data reported on any risk and problematic gambling among adolescent samples. INTERPRETATION Existing evidence suggests that gambling is prevalent globally, that a substantial proportion of the population engage in problematic gambling, and that rates of problematic gambling are greatest among those gambling on online formats. Given the growth of the online gambling industry and the association between gambling and a range of public health harms, governments need to give greater attention to the strict regulation and monitoring of gambling globally. FUNDING Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy T Tran
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Heather Wardle
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Samantha Colledge-Frisby
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; National Drug Research Institute Melbourne, Curtin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sophia Taylor
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Lynch
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Volberg
- School of Public Health and Health Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Virve Marionneau
- Centre for Research on Addiction, Control, and Governance, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shekhar Saxena
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Bunn
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Michael Farrell
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koumantakis E, Comoretto RI, Dalmasso P, Bersia M, Lemma P, Lazzeri G, Nardone P, Vieno A, Galeotti T, Berchialla P, Charrier L. Risk Behaviors among Migrant Adolescents in Italy. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1816. [PMID: 38002907 PMCID: PMC10670227 DOI: 10.3390/children10111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for engaging in health risk behaviors. Migrant adolescents may face unique challenges due to acculturation stress. This study aims to monitor substance use and problem gambling among migrant adolescents living in Italy. Data from the 2017/18 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children survey in Italy were analyzed. The 18,794 participants included 15-year-olds, categorized as native or migrants, with ethnic backgrounds from Western, Eastern European, or non-Western/non-European countries. Girls had higher smoking rates, while boys exhibited higher prevalence of alcohol-related risk behaviors, cannabis use, and gambling. Boys from Eastern European countries displayed a greater risk of drunkenness (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.06-2.37), particularly in the first generation, while those from Western countries showed a higher risk of multiple substance use (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.05-1.96). Girls from Eastern European and non-Western/non-European countries had a lower risk of alcohol consumption (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29-0.85; OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33-0.91, respectively). Finally, boys, especially those from Eastern European and non-Western/non-European countries, had a significantly higher risk of problem gambling (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.04-3.22; OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.29-3.42, respectively). This disparity was more pronounced in the first generation, possibly due to acculturation challenges and socio-economic factors. Risk behaviors in adolescents are influenced by complex interplays of gender, cultural factors, and migration generation. Preventive strategies should consider these factors to effectively address substance use and gambling in this heterogeneous population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Koumantakis
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Michela Bersia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lemma
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lazzeri
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Nardone
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Tommaso Galeotti
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bonnaire C, Billieux J. A process-based analysis of the pathways model of problem gambling through clinical case formulations. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bonnaire
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Centre Pierre Nicole, “Consultation Jeunes Consommateurs”, Croix-Rouge Française, Paris, France
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
"Gambling Can't Be Positive, Can it?": Gambling Beliefs and Behaviors Among Older Korean Immigrants. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2020; 35:291-310. [PMID: 32648075 DOI: 10.1007/s10823-020-09407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
After migrating to the United States, older Korean immigrants may increase their gambling participation and be at higher risk for problem gambling. However, not much is known about their experiences and beliefs on gambling. The purpose of the present study was to explore gambling behaviors and shared beliefs about gambling among older Korean immigrants residing in New York City. A total of 20 semi-structured in-depth interviews (10 men and 10 women) were conducted in Korean. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The findings revealed three major categories among older Korean immigrants. The first category, cultural beliefs, has three subcategories (i.e., gambling is unethical, fear of addiction, and losing everything) and refers to negative beliefs about gambling. The second category, adaptation, refers to positive attitudes they acquired as they adjusted to the new gambling environment (i.e., harmless leisure, coping strategies, and excitement in life). Last, they revealed ambivalence about gambling (i.e., changes in gambling environment, 'my gambling' is different, and gambling in secrecy). Overall, older Korean immigrants have retained their cultural beliefs about gambling, even as they have embraced the legalized gambling environment and changed social norms of the U.S. However, they have trouble reconciling the differences between their beliefs, behaviors, values, and newly acquired norms. Findings point to a need for healthy and affordable leisure pursuits, and for culturally appropriate intervention programs to help problem gamblers.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim W. Healthy mahjong, little mahjong: social gambling among older Chinese immigrants in the U.S. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1672767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wooksoo Kim
- Immigrant and Refugee Research Institute,School of Social Work, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
What do we know about gambling-related harm affecting migrants and migrant communities? A rapid review. Addict Behav 2019; 93:180-193. [PMID: 30716593 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
7
|
Okuda M, Liu W, Cisewski JA, Segura L, Storr CL, Martins SS. Gambling Disorder and Minority Populations: Prevalence and Risk Factors. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2016; 3:280-292. [PMID: 28824833 PMCID: PMC5560497 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-016-0108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Previous studies demonstrate disparities in health and health services including gambling disorders (GD) among ethnic and racial minority groups. In this review, we summarize studies examining the prevalence of GD across different ethnic and racial minorities. RECENT FINDINGS We describe the sociodemographic subgroup variations at heightened risk for GD and factors associated with GD in racial and ethnic minority groups including gambling availability, comorbid substance use, psychiatric conditions, stress, acculturation, and differences in cultural values and cognitions. We found that research of GD among minority groups is scant, and the prevalence of GD among these groups is at a magnitude of concern. SUMMARY Racial and ethnic minority status in it of itself is not a risk factor for GD but may be a proxy for underlying potential risk factors. The need for prevention and treatment programs for different cultural group remains unmet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Okuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 710 West 168th Street, 12 Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Weiwei Liu
- NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East-west Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jodi A Cisewski
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Luis Segura
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carla L Storr
- Center for Health Outcomes Research, University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Silvia S Martins
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim W, Kang SY, Kim I. Depression among Korean immigrant elders living in Canada and the United States: a comparative study. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2014; 58:86-103. [PMID: 24963783 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2014.919977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Korean immigrant elders in North America experience a high level of depression. This study explored the correlates of depression among a sample of 245 Korean immigrant elders living in metropolitan cities in Canada (n = 128) and a southwestern state in the United States (n = 117), using a stress-coping framework. Results revealed discrepancies between the 2 subgroups. Years since immigration and number of health concerns were positively associated, and English proficiency was negatively associated with depressive symptoms among Korean immigrant elders in the United States; only health status was significant among Korean immigrant elders in Canada. Implications of the study are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wooksoo Kim
- a School of Social Work , University at Buffalo, SUNY , Buffalo , New York , USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Emotional support, instrumental support, and gambling participation among Filipino Americans. Community Ment Health J 2014; 50:681-7. [PMID: 24271024 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-013-9659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Using representative survey data of Filipino Americans in Honolulu and San Francisco (SF) (N = 2,259), we examined the roles of emotional support and instrumental support on gambling participation. With considerable difference in gambling environments between two regions, we conducted two sets of hierarchical regression analyses for Honolulu sample, which has restricted gambling laws, and SF sample, which has legal gambling environment, and compared the effects of two types of social support on gambling participation. The results indicated that emotional support was positively and instrumental support was negatively associated with gambling participation among Filipino Americans in Honolulu. However, neither type of social support was significantly associated with gambling participation among Filipino Americans living in SF. This study highlights the differing roles and effects of instrumental and emotional support on gambling where gambling is restricted. It also suggests that gambling behaviors of Filipino Americans are subject to situation- and environment-specific factors.
Collapse
|
10
|
Jacoby N, von Lersner U, Schubert HJ, Loeffler G, Heinz A, Mörsen CP. The role of acculturative stress and cultural backgrounds in migrants with pathological gambling. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.777971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|