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Mosconi G, DelFerro J, Jin A, Bertuccio P, Odone A. Video slot machine use in adolescence: the role of self-efficacy beliefs, current and expected personal fulfillment at the social and educational level. Addict Behav Rep 2024; 20:100560. [PMID: 39345936 PMCID: PMC11437869 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Video slot machines (VSMs), which are available on electronic gaming machines and online platforms, are widely recognized for their high potential to trigger harmful gambling behaviors. Yet, the psychological factors associated with VSM use among adolescents remain poorly investigated. Methods We estimated adjusted odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of current regular (at least monthly) VSM use according to self-efficacy beliefs regarding everyday problem-solving ability, along with current and expected personal fulfillment at the social, and educational level among 7,959 Italian high school students aged 15-17. Results Current regular VSM use was reported by 108 students (1.4%). Notably, this behavior was more frequently reported by those with either particularly high or low self-ratings in problem-solving ability, current and expected social fulfillment, as well as by those with lower self-ratings in both current and expected educational/work fulfillment. Conclusions These findings underscore that during adolescence, gambling behaviors are associated with diverse psychological profiles, each entailing distinct vulnerabilities. Effectively addressing adolescent gambling necessitates a comprehensive approach, with a strong emphasis on educational support. Given the increasing challenges in curbing underage exposure and access to the most harmful gambling formats, this study offers valuable insights for the design of health promotion and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giansanto Mosconi
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Joseph DelFerro
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Accademia Nazionale di Medicina, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Jin
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Accademia Nazionale di Medicina, Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Bertuccio
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Odone
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Medical Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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2
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Tran LT, Wardle H, Colledge-Frisby S, Taylor S, Lynch M, Rehm J, Volberg R, Marionneau V, Saxena S, Bunn C, Farrell M, Degenhardt L. The prevalence of gambling and problematic gambling: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health 2024; 9:e594-e613. [PMID: 39025095 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling behaviours have become of increased public health interest, but data on prevalence remain scarce. In this study, we aimed to estimate for adults and adolescents the prevalence of any gambling activity, the prevalence of engaging in specific gambling activities, the prevalence of any risk gambling and problematic gambling, and the prevalence of any risk and problematic gambling by gambling activity. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. We systematically searched for peer-reviewed literature (on MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycInfo) and grey literature to identify papers published between Jan 1, 2010, and March 4, 2024. We searched for any gambling, including engagement with individual gambling activities, and problematic gambling data among adults and adolescents. We included papers that reported the prevalence or proportion of a gambling outcome of interest. We excluded papers of non-original data or based on a biased sample. Data were extracted into a bespoke Microsoft Access database, with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool used to identify the risk of bias for each sample. Representative population survey estimates were firstly meta-analysed into country-level prevalence estimates, using metaprop, of any gambling, any risk gambling, problematic gambling, and by gambling activity. Secondly, population-weighted regional-level and global estimates were generated for any gambling, any risk gambling, problematic gambling, and specific gambling activity. This review is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021251835). FINDINGS We screened 3692 reports, with 380 representative unique samples, in 68 countries and territories. Overall, the included samples consisted of slightly more men or male individuals, with a mean age of 29·72 years, and most samples identified were from high-income countries. Of these samples, 366 were included in the meta-analysis. Globally, 46·2% (95% CI 41·7-50·8) of adults and 17·9% (14·8-21·2) of adolescents had gambled in the past 12 months. Rates of gambling were higher among men (49·1%; 45·5-52·6) than women (37·4%; 32·0-42·5). Among adults, 8·7% (6·6-11·3) were classified as engaging in any risk gambling, and 1·41% (1·06-1·84) were engaging in problematic gambling. Among adults, rates of problematic gambling were greatest among online casino or slots gambling (15·8%; 10·7-21·6). There were few data reported on any risk and problematic gambling among adolescent samples. INTERPRETATION Existing evidence suggests that gambling is prevalent globally, that a substantial proportion of the population engage in problematic gambling, and that rates of problematic gambling are greatest among those gambling on online formats. Given the growth of the online gambling industry and the association between gambling and a range of public health harms, governments need to give greater attention to the strict regulation and monitoring of gambling globally. FUNDING Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy T Tran
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Heather Wardle
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Samantha Colledge-Frisby
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; National Drug Research Institute Melbourne, Curtin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sophia Taylor
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Lynch
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Volberg
- School of Public Health and Health Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Virve Marionneau
- Centre for Research on Addiction, Control, and Governance, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shekhar Saxena
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Bunn
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Michael Farrell
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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3
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Richard J, King SM. Annual Research Review: Emergence of problem gambling from childhood to emerging adulthood: a systematic review. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:645-688. [PMID: 36347261 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk for problematic gambling and associated high-risk behaviors is elevated during adolescence and emerging adulthood. Activities with gambling-like features and novel forms of gambling may place youth at an increased risk for problem gambling. AIM AND METHOD The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the association between both activities with gambling-like features and novel gambling activities and problem gambling among youth while examining the role of psychopathology and cognitive processes. Six databases (PsychINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, Social Work Abstracts, Technology Collection, and Scopus) were searched in November 2021 for peer-reviewed articles investigating the association between the aforementioned variables among youth up to the age of 25 years. Risk of bias was assessed using the Observational Study Quality Evaluation. FINDINGS Forty-five articles were included in the review. Positive associations were observed between engagement in activities with gambling-like features (e.g., video games, social casino games, loot boxes) and problem gambling. Increased involvement with novel forms of gambling (e.g., online sports betting, fantasy sports, and esports betting) were also associated with a greater risk for problematic gambling. Males reported higher rates of engagement in these activities and a greater risk of problem gambling than females. Impulsivity, risk taking, cognitive distortions, and specific emotional vulnerabilities were associated with an increased risk of problem gambling. CONCLUSIONS Despite the need for additional longitudinal research controlling for relevant confounders, these findings underline how engagement in activities with gambling-like features are relevant in the developmental trajectory toward problem gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Richard
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Serena M King
- Department of Psychology, Hamline University, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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4
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Luquiens A, Guillou M, Giustiniani J, Barrault S, Caillon J, Delmas H, Achab S, Bento B, Billieux J, Brevers D, Brody A, Brunault P, Challet-Bouju G, Chóliz M, Clark L, Cornil A, Costes JM, Devos G, Díaz R, Estevez A, Grassi G, Hakansson A, Khazaal Y, King DL, Labrador F, Lopez-Gonzalez H, Newall P, Perales JC, Ribadier A, Sescousse G, Sharman S, Taquet P, Varescon I, Von Hammerstein C, Bonjour T, Romo L, Grall-Bronnec M. Pictograms to aid laypeople in identifying the addictiveness of gambling products (PictoGRRed study). Sci Rep 2022; 12:22510. [PMID: 36581637 PMCID: PMC9800380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26963-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural addictive characteristics of gambling products are important targets for prevention, but can be unintuitive to laypeople. In the PictoGRRed (Pictograms for Gambling Risk Reduction) study, we aimed to develop pictograms that illustrate the main addictive characteristics of gambling products and to assess their impact on identifying the addictiveness of gambling products by laypeople. We conducted a three-step study: (1) use of a Delphi consensus method among 56 experts from 13 countries to reach a consensus on the 10 structural addictive characteristics of gambling products to be illustrated by pictograms and their associated definitions, (2) development of 10 pictograms and their definitions, and (3) study in the general population to assess the impact of exposure to the pictograms and their definitions (n = 900). French-speaking experts from the panel assessed the addictiveness of gambling products (n = 25), in which the mean of expert's ratings was considered as the true value. Participants were randomly provided with the pictograms and their definitions, or with a standard slogan, or with neither (control group). We considered the control group as representing the baseline ability of laypeople to assess the addictiveness of gambling products. Each group and the French-speaking experts rated the addictiveness of 14 gambling products. The judgment criterion was the intraclass coefficients (ICCs) between the mean ratings of each group and the experts, reflecting the level of agreement between each group and the experts. Exposure to the pictograms and their definition doubled the ability of laypeople to assess the addictiveness of gambling products compared with that of the group that read a slogan or the control group (ICC = 0.28 vs. 0.14 (Slogan) and 0.14 (Control)). Laypeople have limited awareness of the addictive characteristics of gambling products. The pictograms developed herein represent an innovative tool for universally empowering prevention and for selective prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Luquiens
- Department of Addictology, CHU Nîmes, Univ Montpellier, Nîmes, France. .,CESP, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
| | - Morgane Guillou
- EA 7479 SPURBO, CHRU BREST, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest and Addictologie, Brest, France
| | | | - Servane Barrault
- QualiPsy, EE 1901, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, CSAPA-37, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Julie Caillon
- Department of Addictology and Psychiatry Nantes, Inserm U1246, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, Nantes, France
| | - Helena Delmas
- Pôle Addiction et Précarité, Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, Rennes, France
| | - Sophia Achab
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Treatment and Research in Mental Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Bento
- IAJ - Instituto de Apoio ao Jogador, Lda, Portugal
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Addiction Medicine, Centre for Excessive Gambling, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Damien Brevers
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Paul Brunault
- Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,QualiPsy, EE, Université de Tours, 1901, Tours, France
| | - Gaëlle Challet-Bouju
- Department of Addictology and Psychiatry Nantes, Inserm U1246, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, Nantes, France
| | - Mariano Chóliz
- Gambling and Technological Addictions Research Unit, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luke Clark
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aurélien Cornil
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology (LEP), Psychological Science Research Institute, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.,Centre for Excessive Gambling, Université Catholique de Louvain, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Gaetan Devos
- Grand Hôpital de Charleroi (GHdC), Charleroi, Belgium.,Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Scientific Research and Publication Cell (CRPS), Le Beau Vallon, Namur, Belgium.,Centre Hospitalier Le Domaine, ULB, Braine-L'Alleud, Belgium.,Service Universitaire d'Addictologie de Lyon (SUAL), CH Le Vinatier, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Rosa Díaz
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Clínic Universitari de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Anders Hakansson
- Clinical Addiction Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Malmö Addiction Center, Lund University - Gambling Disorder Unit, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - Yasser Khazaal
- Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel L King
- College of Education, Psychology, & Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Hibai Lopez-Gonzalez
- Faculty of Information and Communication, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José C Perales
- Department of Experimental Psychology Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Aurélien Ribadier
- Département de Psychologie, EE 1901 - Equipe Qualipsy « Qualité de vie et Santé Psychologique », Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Guillaume Sescousse
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center-INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR5292, PSYR2 Team, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | - Pierre Taquet
- Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine Department, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, ULR, 4072, Lille, France.,PSITEC-Psychologie: Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Varescon
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université de Paris, 92100, Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | | | - Thierry Bonjour
- Department of Addictology, CHU Nîmes, Univ Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - Lucia Romo
- EA 4430 Clipsyd, University Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Marie Grall-Bronnec
- Department of Addictology and Psychiatry Nantes, Inserm U1246, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, Nantes, France
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5
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Primi C, Sanson F, Vecchiato M, Serra E, Donati MA. Loot boxes use, video gaming, and gambling in adolescents: Results from a path analysis before and during COVID-19-pandemic-related lockdown in Italy. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1009129. [PMID: 36237679 PMCID: PMC9551606 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1009129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loot Boxes (LBs), i.e., virtual items embedded within video games with numerous features reminiscent of gambling, are increasingly widespread among adolescents. LB use is associated with problem gambling in youth, but few studies have been conducted on the association between LB use and gambling behavior considering adolescents. Thus, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not clear. As LB use is a significant and positive risk factor for video gaming severity, and video gaming is associated with problem gambling, we hypothesized that LB use would be related to gambling frequency and problem gambling through the intermediary role of video gaming frequency and problem video gaming. We tested our hypothesis before COVID-19-pandemic-related lockdown and during COVID-19-pandemic-related lockdown, in Italy. Study 1 was conducted with 1,078 high school students (39% boys, mean age = 16.46, SD = 1.28) before COVID-19-pandemic-related lockdown, and Study 2 was conducted with 1,204 high school students (57% boys, mean age = 15.62, SD = 0.64) during COVID-19-pandemic-related lockdown. A path analysis was carried out to analyze the significance of indirect effects from LB use to gambling behavior and problem gambling through video gaming and problem video gaming. In both the studies, results showed that LB use exerted significant and positive direct effects on video gaming frequency, problem video gaming, and gambling frequency. Moreover, LB use had indirect significant and positive effects on problem gambling through video gaming frequency, problem video gaming, and gambling frequency. Findings attest that LB use can be related to problem gambling through a greater involvement in videogames. Thus, a specific subtype of young gamblers can develop Gambling Disorder symptoms from the use of LBs and through an intense use of video games. Practical implications for prevention and treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Primi
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Marta Vecchiato
- Addictions Department, Azienda ULSS n. 4 Veneto Orientale, Venice, Italy
| | - Emilia Serra
- Addictions Department, Azienda ULSS n. 4 Veneto Orientale, Venice, Italy
| | - Maria Anna Donati
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Anna Donati,
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Marinaci T, Venuleo C, Ferrante L, Della Bona S. What game we are playing: the psychosocial context of problem gambling, problem gaming and poor well-being among Italian high school students. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07872. [PMID: 34485746 PMCID: PMC8403540 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gambling and gaming are not infrequent among adolescents and preventing low-risk youth from becoming at-risk appears to be a priority of public health strategies. Greater scrutiny of the risk and protective factors in the relationships and community of young people appears crucial in steering prevention initiatives adequately. This study aimed to explore the role of the qualities of relational networks (i.e. family functioning, perceived social and class support), family and peer approval and view of the social environment in predicting problem gambling, problem gaming and overall well-being among adolescents. High-school students aged 14-18 years (N: 595; female: 68,7%) completed a survey including the target variables. A multivariate multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the role of socio-demographic characteristics and psychosocial predictors on gaming, gambling, and well-being. Multivariate multiple regressions identify a common core underpinning problem gambling, gaming and poor well-being but also the distinct roles of psychosocial variables: being male, with low parental monitoring, and an anomic view of the social environment all predict problem gambling and gaming, which were also found to be associated. Low social support predicts problem gambling but not problem gaming; poor family functioning predicts problem gaming but not problem gambling. All the target psychosocial variables, except approval of gambling, predict poor well-being. On the whole the findings suggest the need to look more closely at the way adolescents, their system of activity and their culture participate in constructing the meaning of gambling and gaming activities and their impact on adolescents' well-being, so that future studies and strategies can more effectively examine the relational dynamics in which problem gambling and gaming develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Marinaci
- Laboratory of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, Laboratory of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of History, Society and Human Studies, Italy
| | - Claudia Venuleo
- Laboratory of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, Laboratory of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of History, Society and Human Studies, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Ferrante
- Laboratory of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, Laboratory of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Department of History, Society and Human Studies, Italy
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7
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The structure and subtypes of gambling activities: Genetic, psychiatric and behavioral etiologies of gambling frequency. Addict Behav 2021; 113:106662. [PMID: 33011493 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The multitude of gambling activities has given rise to heterogeneous ways of analyzing these behaviors and may partially underlie the lack of replication in gambling research. The current study used complementary analyses to investigate the structure, typology and etiology of gambling behaviors in a discovery sample of 2,116 twins (54.86% female; Mage = 24.90) and a replication sample of 619 siblings (30.37% female; Mage = 28.00). Our approach was twofold. First, we used confirmatory factor analyses to investigate the structure across the frequency of eight gambling activities. Second, we used factor mixture models to identify gambling frequency subtypes. We assessed associations with gambling frequency as well as conducted genetically informed analyses to estimate the role of genetic and environmental influences. Across samples, a two-factor model fit the data best, with a Common Gambling factor influencing all activities and a separate factor for Skill Gambling. Our study identified four gambling frequency subtypes, which resembled the typology from the Pathways Model. We found distinct demographic, psychiatric, behavioral and genetic risk profiles for the different gambling factors and subtypes with robust associations observed for male sex, risk-taking, sensation seeking, alcohol dependence and problem gambling. Controlling for shared genetic and environmental influences (via co-twin control modeling), we found that sensation seeking directly increased Common Gambling frequency. In sum, we illustrated the utility of multi-dimensional statistical techniques for disentangling the structure and typology from complex multivariate gambling data.
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8
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Tani F, Ponti L, Ghinassi S, Smorti M. A gambling primary prevention program for students through teacher training: an evidence-based study. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2020.1861056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franca Tani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Ponti
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simon Ghinassi
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Smorti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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9
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Danioni F, Ranieri S, Villani D. The Role of Personal Values in Gambling: A Preliminary Study with Italian Adolescents. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2020; 181:413-426. [PMID: 32643594 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2020.1790491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Values have been defined as trans-situational goals that serve as guiding principles in people's life to select modes, means, and actions. Despite values being relevant predictors of behaviors, their role in shaping adolescents' gambling ones has been under investigated. Specifically, the present study aimed at exploring whether and which values may be protective or risk factors for gambling behaviors, this also considering gender differences. Respondents were 237 adolescents (aged from 14 to 19; 58.2% female), recruited from three Italian high schools, who were asked to fill in a self-report and anonymous online questionnaire investigating their values and gambling behaviors. Specifically, the Portrait Values Questionnaire and the South Oaks Gambling Screen: Revised for Adolescents were used. Results showed that males were keener to adopt more frequently gambling behaviors, this also being more problematic, compared to their female counterparts. Despite conservation and openness to change values seem not to influence gambling behaviors, self-transcendence and self-enhancement values respectively negatively and positively predict gambling problems. More interestingly, self-transcendence values seem to work better as protective factors toward the severity of this risk behavior especially for the male subsample. Implications for preventive and promotional interventions with adolescents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Danioni
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Ranieri
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Piacenza and Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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10
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Kang K, Ha YK, Bang HL. Gambling Subgroups among Korean Out-of-school Adolescents. CHILD HEALTH NURSING RESEARCH 2020; 26:385-392. [PMID: 35004482 PMCID: PMC8650970 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2020.26.3.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The number of Korean adolescents engaging in gambling is increasing, especially among out-of-school adolescents. This study aimed to identify patterns of gambling activities and factors related to specific subgroups of out-of-school adolescent gambling activities. Methods This descriptive study analyzed secondary data from the 2015 Korea Youth Gambling Problem Survey, including 1,200 out-of-school adolescents. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify patterns of gambling activities. The factors related to gambling subgroups were verified with multinomial logistic regression. Results Three latent classes of gambling activities were identified: rarely gambling (RG), immediate gain gambling (IGG), and broad gambling (BG). These subgroups differed significantly in terms of gender, age at and type of first gambling experience, number and type of gambling activities, gambling frequency, time and money spent on gambling, problem gambling severity, and motivation for gambling. Compared to the RG subgroup, both the IGG and BG subgroups were strongly associated with an older age at the first gambling experience. Conclusion Out-of-school adolescents who first gambled at an older age and who gambled mainly in order to gain money immediately were at risk of problem gambling. Developing strategies for early screening and referral to professionals is necessary to prevent gambling problems from worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyonghwa Kang
- Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Chungwoon University, Hongseong, Korea
| | - Yi Kyung Ha
- Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hwal Lan Bang
- Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
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11
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King DL, Russell A, Hing N. Adolescent Land-Based and Internet Gambling: Australian and International Prevalence Rates and Measurement Issues. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Peritogiannis V, Gioti P, Gogou A. Gambling Problems in Patients with Psychotic Disorders in Rural Greece. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2020; 11:333-336. [PMID: 32405188 PMCID: PMC7214090 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a dearth of studies on gambling problems in patients with psychotic disorders. A retrospective chart review of treatment-engaged rural patients was performed. From a total of 79 patients that were included in the study, 6 had a history of gambling problems, whereas the 1-year prevalence was 5%. Most were male and they underreported their problems. The results of the study correspond to other studies that used more rigorous methodology. Gambling problems in psychotic patients in rural Greece are not uncommon. Such problems can be traced by gathering information from all those who are involved in patients' care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaios Peritogiannis
- Mobile Mental Health Unit of the Prefectures of Ioannina and Thesprotia, Society for the Promotion of Mental Health in Epirus, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiota Gioti
- Mobile Mental Health Unit of the Prefectures of Ioannina and Thesprotia, Society for the Promotion of Mental Health in Epirus, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Afroditi Gogou
- Mobile Mental Health Unit of the Prefectures of Ioannina and Thesprotia, Society for the Promotion of Mental Health in Epirus, Ioannina, Greece
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Guillou Landreat M, Chereau Boudet I, Perrot B, Romo L, Codina I, Magalon D, Fatseas M, Luquiens A, Brousse G, Challet-Bouju G, Grall-Bronnec M. Problem and non-problem gamblers: a cross-sectional clustering study by gambling characteristics. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e030424. [PMID: 32075821 PMCID: PMC7044887 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gambling characteristics are factors that could influence problem gambling development. The aim of this study was to identify a typology of gamblers to frame risky behaviour based on gambling characteristics (age of initiation/of problem gambling, type of gambling: pure chance/chance with pseudoskills/chance with elements of skill, gambling online/offline, amount wagered monthly) and to investigate clinical factors associated with these different profiles in a large representative sample of gamblers. DESIGN AND SETTING The study is a cross-sectional analysis to the baseline data of the french JEU cohort study (study protocol : Challet-Bouju et al, 2014). Recruitment (April 2009 to September 2011) involved clinicians and researchers from seven institutions that offer care for or conduct research on problem gamblers (PG). Participants were recruited in gambling places, and in care centres. Only participants who reported gambling in the previous year between 18 and 65 years old were included.Participants gave their written informed consent, it was approved by the French Research Ethics Committee. PARTICIPANTS The participants were 628 gamblers : 256 non-problem gamblers (NPG), 169 problem gamblers without treatment (PGWT) and 203 problem gamblers seeking treatment (PGST). RESULTS Six clustering models were tested, the one with three clusters displayed a lower classification error rate (7.92%) and was better suited to clinical interpretation : 'Early Onset and Short Course' (47.5%), 'Early Onset and Long Course' (35%) and 'Late Onset and Short Course' (17.5%). Gambling characteristics differed significantly between the three clusters. CONCLUSIONS We defined clusters through the analysis of gambling variables, easy to identify, by psychiatrists or by physicians in primary care. Simple screening concerning these gambling characteristics could be constructed to prevent and to help PG identification. It is important to consider gambling characteristics : policy measures targeting gambling characteristics may reduce the risk of PG or minimise harm from gambling. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01207674 (ClinicalTrials.gov); Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Guillou Landreat
- EA 7479 SPURBO, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- Addictive Disorders Department, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
- UMR 1246 SPHERE, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Lucia Romo
- EA 4430 CLIPSYD 'clinique psychiatrique developpement', Universite Paris-Nanterre, Nanterre, France
- Addictive Disorders, Hospital Louis-Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - Irene Codina
- Addictive disorders Unit Marmottan, GPS Perray-Vaucluse, Épinay-sur-Orge, France
| | - David Magalon
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hopital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France
| | - Melina Fatseas
- Psychiatric Laboratory SANPSY USR 3413, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
- Addictive Disorders, Hospital Centre Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France
| | - Amandine Luquiens
- Psychiatry and Addictology Department, Hôpital Paul Brousse, APHP Villejuif, Villejuif cedex, France
- CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- CMAP, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- Psychiatry and Addictology, CHU Clermont Ferrand, Clermont Ferrand, UK
| | | | - Marie Grall-Bronnec
- Addictology and Psychiatry Department, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
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Dezutter M, Guillou-Landreat M, Dewitte JD, Bouzard S, Faucheron JB, Lodde B, Durand-Moreau Q. Prevalence of problem gambling in an employed population in Brittany, France. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2020; 58:78-87. [PMID: 31257233 PMCID: PMC6997720 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2018-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Some employees may have recourse to gambling, notably as an adaptive strategy. Although many studies have been performed on specific occupational groups (i.e. gambling industry, transportation or teaching), none have been conducted with workers followed-up by Occupational Health Services (OHS). Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of problem gambling in an employed population and its links with work. We performed a cross-sectional study between November 2016 and April 2017, in an OHS in France. We evaluated the prevalence of gambling using the Lie or Bet questionnaire and the Canadian Problem Gambling Index. Among the 410 employees included, 138 (33.7%) had gambled in the previous year, 12 (2.9%) considered their gambling experience to be work-related, 13 (3.2%) were identified as problem gamblers. The influence of colleagues and the workplace hierarchy and ease of access to gambling (in tobacco shops, bars…) could be risk factors. Screening for gambling behavior could be offered by occupational health services, using the Lie or Bet, especially for employees exposed to readily available gambling opportunities at their workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Dezutter
- Service de Santé au Travail et Maladies Liées à l'Environnement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, France
| | | | - Jean-Dominique Dewitte
- Service de Santé au Travail et Maladies Liées à l'Environnement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, France
- LABERS EA 3149, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, France
| | | | | | - Brice Lodde
- Service de Santé au Travail et Maladies Liées à l'Environnement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, France
| | - Quentin Durand-Moreau
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
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Gómez P, Feijóo S, Braña T, Varela J, Rial A. Minors and Online Gambling: Prevalence and Related Variables. J Gambl Stud 2019; 36:735-745. [PMID: 31848836 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-019-09923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Substantial access to the Internet by minors has brought about consequences that are not always positive. The increase of online gambling or betting is one of those. Although in most cases online gambling by minors does not result in a disorder, it does imply a higher probability of developing a gambling disorder in adulthood, and it can cause economic, family, school and social problems. The aim of this study, carried out in the Galician region of Spain with a sample of 3772 students aged between 12 and 17 years, was to estimate the prevalence of online gambling in minors; to characterize the profile of online gamblers; to explore the differences in Internet and smartphone usage habits, online risky practices, problematic Internet use and parental involvement between online gamblers and non-online gamblers; and to analyse the relation between online gambling and academic performance. The results revealed that 6.5% of Galician adolescents are online gamblers, a figure that has more than tripled over seven years. 9 out of 10 online gamblers are male, and their mean age is 15. Online gamblers had significantly higher rates of problematic Internet use, active sexting, cyberbullying, or contacting strangers through the Internet. Furthermore, online gamblers had higher scores on impulsiveness, lower scores on assertiveness, and were lacking parental control. These data show that online gambling is not an isolated problem, so prevention should be understood in a comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gómez
- Consumer and User Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Sandra Feijóo
- Consumer and User Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Teresa Braña
- Consumer and User Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Varela
- Consumer and User Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Rial
- Consumer and User Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Sharman S, Butler K, Roberts A. Psychosocial risk factors in disordered gambling: A descriptive systematic overview of vulnerable populations. Addict Behav 2019; 99:106071. [PMID: 31473572 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling is a behaviour engaged in by millions of people worldwide; for some, gambling can become a severely maladaptive behaviour, and previous research has identified a wide range of psychosocial risk factors that can be considered important for the development and maintenance of disordered gambling. Although risk factors have been identified, the homogeneity of risk factors across specific groups thought to be vulnerable to disordered gambling is to date, unexplored. METHODS To address this, the current review sought to conduct a systematic overview of literature relating to seven vulnerable groups: young people and adolescents, older adults, women, veterans, indigenous peoples, prisoners, and low socio-economic/income groups. RESULTS Multiple risk factors associated with disordered gambling were identified; some appeared consistently across most groups, including being male, co-morbid mental and physical health conditions, substance use disorders, accessibility and availability of gambling, form and mode of gambling, and experience of trauma. Further risk factors were identified that were specific to each vulnerable group. CONCLUSION Within the general population, certain groups are more vulnerable to disordered gambling. Although some risk factors are consistent across groups, some risk factors appear to be group specific. It is clear that there is no homogenous pathway in to disordered gambling, and that social, developmental, environmental and demographic characteristics can all interact to influence an individual's relationship with gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Sharman
- University of East London School of Psychology, University of East London, Water Lane, Stratford, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Kevin Butler
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom.
| | - Amanda Roberts
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom.
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Martínez-Loredo V, Grande-Gosende A, Fernández-Artamendi S, Secades-Villa R, Fernández-Hermida JR. Substance Use and Gambling Patterns Among Adolescents: Differences According to Gender and Impulsivity. J Gambl Stud 2019; 35:63-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-018-09824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Han J, Seo Y, Lee C, Han DH. Comparing the Behavioral Patterns and Psychological Characteristics of Web Board Gamers and Gamblers. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:1181-1187. [PMID: 30602108 PMCID: PMC6318489 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2018.10.22.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Korea, online board games, such as "flower cards," are played using virtual money. In contrast, Internet-based gambling (ibGambling) concerns the use of real money to gamble online. We hypothesized that online board gamers using virtual money show less risky behaviors than do gamblers who use real money, and that, in regard to psychological aspects, online board gamers are less depressed and more introverted than online gamblers are. METHODS For this study, 100 online board gamers, 100 ibGamblers, 100 offline gamblers (offGamblers), and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited by an online research company. Gambling behavior and self-efficacy were assessed using the Korean Gambling Behavior Scale-high/low factors (KGBS-H/L) and the Gambling Abstinence Self-efficacy Scale (GASS). Additionally, introversion, depression, and mania tendency were assessed. RESULTS Online board gamers had good intentions gaming, as evidenced by their higher KGBS-L scores than ibGamblers and offGamblers, and they showed less risky behaviors, as evidenced by their lower KGBS-H scores than offGamblers. Additionally, online board gamers were less introverted than ibGamblers and less depressed than offGamblers. CONCLUSION Online board gaming could be a gateway to the world of gambling (ibGambling or OffGambling). However, the higher tendency of online board gamers to engage in good intentioned gaming could help prevent online board gaming from progressing to online or offline gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choognmeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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