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Sriraman S, Sreejith D, Andrew E, Okello I, Willcox M. Use of herbal medicines for the management of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of qualitative studies. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 53:101808. [PMID: 37977099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) use herbal medicines, some of which can improve glycaemic control. Providing evidence-based advice on herbal medicines could be an effective intervention to improve control of diabetes, if it is designed to address key needs and concerns of T2DM patients. AIM To understand the views and experiences of patients and health professionals on herbal treatments for self-management of T2DM. METHOD MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SOCIOFILE and Google Scholar were searched for qualitative studies in T2DM patients about their views on herbal medicines. Included papers were analysed using thematic synthesis. RESULTS Thirty-one papers (about 30 studies) were included: 20 from low-and-middle income countries, 10 from high income countries, and 1 internet-based study. Almost all studies from high income countries focussed on ethnic minorities. Many people with T2DM wanted a "cure", and often took advice from friends and family, but also traditional healers and mass media. However, they were reluctant to discuss herbal medicines with health professionals, whom they perceived as "closed-minded". They based their treatment decisions on personal experience (from "trial-and-error"), availability, cost and convenience of both herbal and conventional medicines. Most health professionals were reluctant to discuss herbal medicines, or recommended against their use, because of lack of knowledge and concerns about their quality, efficacy and potential interactions. CONCLUSION Evidence-based information could help to overcome the current lack of communication about herbal medicines between people with T2DM and health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Sriraman
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Devika Sreejith
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Evie Andrew
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Immaculate Okello
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Merlin Willcox
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.
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2
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Storr Krogh C, Skovgard L, Lynning M, Steenberg JL. Reasons for Engaging in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Among Highly Educated Women With Multiple Sclerosis. Int J MS Care 2023; 25:104-110. [PMID: 37250196 PMCID: PMC10211353 DOI: 10.7224/1537-2073.2021-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown that users of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among persons with multiple sclerosis are more likely to be women and to have a higher level of education compared with nonusers. This qualitative study was performed to explore the motivations linked to CAM use among highly educated women with multiple sclerosis. METHODS The study was based on a phenomenological approach, and 8 semistructured, in-depth qualitative interviews were performed. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed through meaning condensation and identification of recurring themes. RESULTS Regarding the informants' motivations for CAM use, 3 main themes emerged: (1) Self-reliance is essential in disease management, (2) conventional health care lacks a holistic approach, and (3) personal experience is the primary guide. CONCLUSIONS The interviewees wanted approaches to health care that supported their desire to actively participate in the management of their disease. They were critical of the conventional health care system, and they emphasized the importance of letting their own personal experiences, as well as those of others, guide their decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lasse Skovgard
- From the Danish MS Society, Valby, Denmark (CSK, LS, ML, JLS)
| | - Marie Lynning
- From the Danish MS Society, Valby, Denmark (CSK, LS, ML, JLS)
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3
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Bays HE, Ng J, Sicat J, Look M. Obesity Pillars Roundtable: Obesity and East Asians. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 2:100011. [PMID: 37990717 PMCID: PMC10662030 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Individuals from East Asia make up about 1/5th of the world's population. Individuals from South Asia with obesity are well-described to have increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and increased risk of CVD events. Less well described are the adiposopathic effects of the disease of obesity among East Asians. Methods This roundtable discussion includes 3 obesity medicine specialists with experience in the clinical management of obesity among patients of East Asian descent. Included are citations regarding obesity and East Asians. Results In general, East Asians are at decreased risk for CVD compared to Whites and South Asians. However, compared to Whites, for the same body mass index, East Asians are at increased risk for metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Both obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are epidemics in East Asian countries. In this Roundtable, the panelists discuss East Asian nutrition and physical activity, with special attention given to Asian foods, especially rice. The panelists also discuss East Asian genetic predispositions for development of visceral adiposity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as genetic predisposition to drug metabolism and potential drug and herbal interactions, as commonly encountered in patients with obesity. Finally, the panelists give summary tips for managing East Asian patients with obesity. Conclusion The three panelists of this roundtable describe their practical diagnostic processes and treatment plans for patients from East Asia, with an emphasis on a patient-centered approach to obesity in this unique population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Edward Bays
- Diplomate of American Board of Obesity Medicine, Medical Director / President Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Clinical Associate Professor / University of Louisville Medical School, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
| | - Jennifer Ng
- Diplomate of American Board of Obesity Medicine, 234 East 85 Street, 6 Floor, New York, NY, 10028, USA
| | - Jeffrey Sicat
- Diplomate of American Board of Obesity Medicine, 4439 Cox Road, Glen Allen, VA, 23060, USA
| | - Michelle Look
- Diplomate of American Board of Obesity Medicine, 6699 Alvarado Road, Suite 2100, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA
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Aithal GP. Speaking of the (Barely Legal) Elephant in the Room: Herbal or Dietary Supplement-Related Acute Liver Failure. Liver Transpl 2022; 28:159-160. [PMID: 34825768 DOI: 10.1002/lt.26377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guruprasad P Aithal
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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5
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Bergien S, Petersen CM, Lynning M, Kristiansen M, Skovgaard L. "I need personal experiences or some sort of documentation": a qualitative study on where people with multiple sclerosis seek information on dietary and herbal supplements. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:213. [PMID: 34419015 PMCID: PMC8379853 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of dietary and herbal supplements (DIHES) is widespread among people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). PwMS are a highly informed patient group, and they use several types of sources to seek information on subjects related to their disease. However, it is still unknown where PwMS seek information about DIHES. It is important that PwMS make decisions about DIHES based on accurate, useful and accessible information. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore where PwMS seek information on DIHES and how they experience and engage with this information. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eighteen PwMS using DIHES. Participants were selected from a cross-sectional survey. Diversity sampling was used, based on relevant characteristics such as gender and number of DIHES used during the past 12 months. The interviews were conducted face-to-face or over the telephone and lasted between 30 min and 1 hour. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic network analysis in NVivo 12 Pro software. Results Three main themes emerged in the analysis: i) engaging with healthcare professionals (HCPs) regarding DIHES, ii) social networks as a source of information regarding DIHES, and iii) reliance on bodily sensations. Most participants navigated all three types of sources. All participants had at some point discussed DIHES with an HCP. Information from HCPs was considered reliable and valuable, but HCPs were viewed as uncommitted to the dialogue about DIHES. Recommendations from others were often the driver of decisions regarding use of DIHES. However, the information from PwMS’ networks could be overwhelming and difficult to navigate. Finally, PwMS relied on their own experiences regarding DIHES and let their bodily sensations guide their use of DIHES. Conclusions Participants often rely on all three types of information sources to create a nuanced and comprehensive information base. However, PwMS may feel overwhelmed or confused with all the information they have gathered. These findings indicate the need for better guidance for PwMS concerning DIHES and an openness among HCPs to engage in dialogue. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03377-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Bergien
- The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Society, Poul Bundgaards Vej 1, Valby, Denmark.
| | - Clara M Petersen
- The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Society, Poul Bundgaards Vej 1, Valby, Denmark
| | - Marie Lynning
- The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Society, Poul Bundgaards Vej 1, Valby, Denmark
| | - Maria Kristiansen
- Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Lasse Skovgaard
- The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Society, Poul Bundgaards Vej 1, Valby, Denmark
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Scott R, Nahin RL, Weber W. Longitudinal Analysis of Complementary Health Approaches in Adults Aged 25-74 Years from the Midlife in the U.S. Survey Sample. J Altern Complement Med 2021; 27:550-568. [PMID: 33877882 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Complementary health approaches include herbal products and mind-body practices. Several studies have identified predictors for complementary health approach use, yet there are two gaps: (1) How does use change? (2) Do factors associated with use influence this change over time? Using the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS), we examined how sociodemographic factors affected use longitudinally, and whether these associations differed between new and continued/discontinued use of herbal products, meditation, chiropractic, and massage therapy. Design: MIDUS is a national probability sample of adults aged 25 or older that has collected more than 20 years of longitudinal data, including the use of complementary health approaches. We employed the Andersen Model as a framework to identify predisposing, enabling, and health need factors associated with complementary health approach use based on previously identified and hypothesized factors. We ran Chi-square analyses to first test bivariate associations between our independent variables and four modalities to further guide logistic regression models. Results: Each of the four approaches examined saw substantial increases in prevalent use. However, only about 25% to 38% of individuals continued use from one wave to the next, whereas only 2%-9% of individuals who did not use a given approach in a wave reported use in the subsequent wave. Age, spiritual importance, and previous wave one use were all significantly associated with new use across all four modalities. Previous wave one use was associated with continued/discontinued use for all modalities. Age and education were significantly associated with discontinued use of chiropractic. Conclusion: We present the first longitudinal analysis of complementary health approaches in a nationally representative sample. These data distinguish between new and continued/discontinued use of complementary health approaches over time and provide insights into the interpretation of complementary health approach prevalence data, as well as important predictors of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remle Scott
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard L Nahin
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wendy Weber
- Clinical Research in Complementary and Integrative Health Branch, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Chan KS, Parikh MA, Thorpe RJ, Gaskin DJ. Health Care Disparities in Race-Ethnic Minority Communities and Populations: Does the Availability of Health Care Providers Play a Role? J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2020; 7:539-549. [PMID: 31845286 PMCID: PMC7231628 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-019-00682-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine disparities in use and access to different health care providers by community and individual race-ethnicity and to test provider supply as a potential mediator. DATA SOURCES National secondary data from 2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 5-year estimates (2010-2014) from American Community Survey, and 2014 InfoUSA. STUDY DESIGN Multiple logistic regression models examined the association of community and individual race-ethnicity with reported health care visits and access. Mediation analyses tested the role of provider supply. DATA EXTRACTION METHODS Individual-level survey data were linked to race-ethnic composition and health business counts of the respondent's primary care service area (PCSA). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Minority PCSAs are significantly and independently associated with lower odds of having a visit to a physician assistant/nurse practitioner, dentist, or other health professionals and having a usual care provider (all p < 0.05). Few significant associations were observed for integrated PCSAs or for health provider supply. A modest mediation effect for provider supply was observed for travel time to usual care provider and visit to other health professionals. CONCLUSIONS Use of a range of health services is lower in minority communities and individuals. However, provider supply was not an important explanatory factor of these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty S Chan
- Johns Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Medstar Health Research Institute, 3800 Reservoir Rd., NW, Gorman 3056, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
| | - Megha A Parikh
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Johns Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Darrell J Gaskin
- Johns Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hassanzadeh_Taheri M, Hosseini M, Dorranipour D, Afshar M, Moodi H, Salimi M. The Oleo-Gum-Resin of Commiphora myrrha Ameliorates Male Reproductive Dysfunctions in Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2019.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora myrrha (myrrh) has a long history of therapeutic use in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to seek for the scientific evidence to determine whether the ethanolic extract of myrrh (EEM) has any beneficial effects on Streptozotocin (STZ) induced testicular impairments, and explore the possible mechanisms underlying such actions. Methods: Forty-eight severe and complicated diabetic rats (fasting blood glucose above 350 mg/dL), randomly were divided into six equal groups (n=8). Besides, eight healthy rats allocated as a normal control group and only treated with vehicle solution. The diabetic animals orally received the extract (100, 200, 300, and 500 mg/kg), metformin (500 mg/kg) or vehicle solution for 28 days. As a final point, plasma glucose and insulin, circulatory sex hormones, sperm parameters including sperm concentration, motility and viability and also testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed. Furthermore, quantitative histological evaluation of seminiferous tubules area and determination of germinal cells apoptosis were performed. Results: None of the studied doses of EEM showed anti-diabetic effects. However, the extract mainly at the maximum dose (500 mg/kg) exhibited beneficial effects on reproductive impairments. The EEM treated rats mainly at 500 mg/kg had significantly higher sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm viability, sex hormones and lower testicular MDA and germ cell apoptosis index than untreated diabetic rats. Conclusion: These results indicated that EEM may have beneficial effects against reproductive dysfunction induced by diabetes. The mechanisms behind the effects might be associated with the EEM sex hormone booster potential, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadmehdi Hassanzadeh_Taheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mehran Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Davood Dorranipour
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Afshar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hesam Moodi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Salimi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Friedman J, Birstler J, Love G, Kiefer D. Diagnoses associated with dietary supplement use in a national dataset. Complement Ther Med 2019; 43:277-282. [PMID: 30935543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine if participant diagnosis, as determined by a health care provider, is associated with dietary supplement (DS) use. DESIGN/SETTING Surveys from 1255 study participants aged 34-84, part of the Midlife in the US Study (MIDUS 2 Survey) Biomarker Project, were reviewed. Participant data included pharmaceutical use (prescription and over-the-counter medications (OTC)), clinical symptoms and diagnosis, and laboratory results. Associations were calculated between the above participant characteristics and DS use. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Frequency of DS use for physician-reported diagnoses. RESULTS Overall prevalence of DS use was 32.4%. Participants taking DS were more often female (p = .048), white (p < 0.001), and older (mean age 57 years, p < 0.001). Participants taking DS reported taking more OTC (p < .001) and prescription medications (p = .024), and had an increased number of chronic conditions (p = .004). Participants reporting physician-diagnosed diabetes were significantly less likely to be taking DS (p = .0066), while participants with eye disease (p = .001), high cholesterol (p = 0.041), cancer (p = 0.042), and arthritis (p = 0.044) were more likely to be taking DS than those without those conditions. No difference in DS use was found between patients with and without other identified medical conditions. After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and gender, only diabetes remained a significant predictor of decreased DS use (OR 0.588, CI 0.388-0.873, p = .01). CONCLUSIONS Some physician-reported participant diagnoses were associated, positively or negatively, with DS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Friedman
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, United States
| | - Jen Birstler
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, United States
| | - Gayle Love
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Institute on Aging, United States
| | - David Kiefer
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, United States.
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Zhu J, Seo JE, Wang S, Ashby K, Ballard R, Yu D, Ning B, Agarwal R, Borlak J, Tong W, Chen M. The Development of a Database for Herbal and Dietary Supplement Induced Liver Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2955. [PMID: 30274144 PMCID: PMC6213387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing use of herbal dietary supplements (HDS) in the United States provides compelling evidence for risk of herbal-induced liver injury (HILI). Information on HDS products was retrieved from MedlinePlus of the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the herbal monograph of the European Medicines Agency. The hepatotoxic potential of HDS was ascertained by considering published case reports. Other relevant data were collected from governmental documents, public databases, web sources, and the literature. We collected information for 296 unique HDS products. Evidence of hepatotoxicity was reported for 67, that is 1 in 5, of these HDS products. The database revealed an apparent gender preponderance with women representing 61% of HILI cases. Culprit hepatotoxic HDS were mostly used for weight control, followed by pain and inflammation, mental stress, and mood disorders. Commonly discussed mechanistic events associated with HILI are reactive metabolites and oxidative stress, mitochondrial injury, as well as inhibition of transporters. HDS⁻drug interactions, causing both synergistic and antagonizing effects of drugs, were also reported for certain HDS. The database contains information for nearly 300 commonly used HDS products to provide a single-entry point for better comprehension of their impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiang Zhu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Ji-Eun Seo
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Sanlong Wang
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, China's State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Kristin Ashby
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Rodney Ballard
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Dianke Yu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Baitang Ning
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Rajiv Agarwal
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Weida Tong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Minjun Chen
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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Anggerainy SW, Wanda D, Hayati H. Combining Natural Ingredients and Beliefs: The Dayak Tribe’s Experience Caring for Sick Children with Traditional Medicine. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs 2017; 40:29-36. [DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2017.1386968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dessie Wanda
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Bahder Djohan Campus, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Happy Hayati
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Bahder Djohan Campus, Depok, Indonesia
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12
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Green RR, Santoro N, Allshouse AA, Neal-Perry G, Derby C. Prevalence of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Herbal Remedy Use in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Women: Results from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. J Altern Complement Med 2017; 23:805-811. [PMID: 28915061 PMCID: PMC5655422 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2017.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use, including botanical/herbal remedies, among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), New Jersey site. We also examined whether attitudes toward CAM and communication of its use to providers differed for Hispanic and non-Hispanic women. STUDY DESIGN SWAN is a community-based, multiethnic cohort study of midlife women. At the 13th SWAN follow-up, women at the New Jersey site completed both a general CAM questionnaire and a culturally sensitive CAM questionnaire designed to capture herbal products commonly used in Hispanic/Latina communities. Prevalence of and attitudes toward CAM use were compared by race/ethnicity and demographic characteristics. RESULTS Among 171 women (average age 61.8 years), the overall prevalence of herbal remedy use was high in both Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women (88.8% Hispanic and 81.3% non-Hispanic white), and prayer and herbal teas were the most common modalities used. Women reported the use of multiple herbal modalities (mean 6.6 for Hispanic and 4.0 for non-Hispanic white women; p = 0.001). Hispanic women were less likely to consider herbal treatment drugs (16% vs. 37.5%; p = 0.005) and were less likely to report sharing the use of herbal remedies with their doctors (14.4% Hispanic vs. 34% non-Hispanic white; p = 0.001). The number of modalities used was similar regardless of the number of prescription medications used. CONCLUSIONS High prevalence of herbal CAM use was observed for both Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Results highlight the need for healthcare providers to query women regarding CAM use to identify potential interactions with traditional treatments and to determine whether CAM is used in lieu of traditional medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin R. Green
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Nanette Santoro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Amanda A. Allshouse
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
| | - Genevieve Neal-Perry
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Carol Derby
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Nguyen H, Sorkin DH, Billimek J, Kaplan SH, Greenfield S, Ngo-Metzger Q. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among non-Hispanic white, Mexican American, and Vietnamese American patients with type 2 diabetes. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2016; 25:1941-55. [PMID: 25418251 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2014.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examines the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by ethnicity/race among patients with type 2 diabetes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Four hundred and ten (410) patients with type 2 diabetes recruited from an academic-medical center completed a survey assessing CAM use, diabetes status, and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Several significant ethnic/racial differences were observed in CAM use (both in the types of providers seen as well as in the herbs and dietary supplements used). Although White patients reported using CAM in addition to their diabetes medication (mean [SD] 4.9 [0.4] on a scale from 1=never to 5=always) more frequently than Mexican American patients (3.1 [1.6], p<.05), Mexican American patients (1.4 [1.1]) used CAM instead of their diabetes medications more frequently than non-Hispanic White patients (1.0 [0.1], p<.05). More Mexican American (66.7%) and Vietnamese American patients (73.7%) than non-Hispanic Whites (11.8%, p=.002) described CAM practitioners as being closer to their cultural traditions than Western practitioners, whereas Vietnamese [End Page 1941] patients were more likely to describe use of herbs and supplements as closer to their cultural traditions (84.5% versus 15.3% for White and 30.9% for Mexican American patients, p <.001). CONCLUSIONS Considering the variability and perceptions in CAM use, providers should discuss with their patients how their CAM use may influence diabetes management behaviors.
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Hsu O, Tsourounis C, Chan LLS, Dennehy C. Chinese Herb Use by Patients at a San Francisco Chinatown Public Health Center. J Altern Complement Med 2016; 22:751-6. [PMID: 27355102 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2015.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) use has not been well characterized in persons living in the United States who receive care by Western-trained healthcare providers. The primary objective of this study was to characterize use of CHM taken in the last 12 months by patients seen at a Chinatown public health center. DESIGN Convenience sample survey. SETTING Data collection occurred over 3 months at a San Francisco Chinatown public health center. PARTICIPANTS Adult patients visiting their primary care provider. INTERVENTIONS Completion of a voluntary 24-question survey on CHM use. OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence, type, and indications for use. RESULTS Survey response rate was 29% (50/170). Seventy percent (35/50) of respondents had used CHM in the last 12 months and 94% (33/35) were also taking prescription medicines. The three most commonly used CHM were goji berry (37%), Dioscorea (31%), and ginseng (23%). The most common indications for herbs used in the last 12 months were general wellness (34%), cold/flu (25%), and headache (6%). Sixty-four percent of respondents had used Western medicine in combination with CHM within the last 12 months. Sixty-nine percent of respondents who used CHM did not tell their Western provider about this use. No patient had CHM use documented in the electronic medical record. CONCLUSIONS Patients seen at a Chinatown public health center frequently used CHM products in conjunction with Western prescription medicines. Providers should routinely enquire about CHM use for health as a soup, tea, food, or pill and document this use in the medical record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hsu
- 1 Santa Clara Valley Medical Center , San Jose, CA
| | - Candy Tsourounis
- 2 Medication Outcomes Center, University of California , San Francisco, School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Cathi Dennehy
- 4 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California , San Francisco, School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA
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Mbizo J, Okafor A, Sutton MA, Burkhart EN, Stone LM. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use by Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Patients with Arthritis or Other Musculoskeletal Diseases. J Altern Complement Med 2016; 22:227-36. [PMID: 26938367 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2014.0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Justice Mbizo
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL
| | - Anthony Okafor
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Engineering and Health, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL
| | - Melanie A. Sutton
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL
| | - Erica N. Burkhart
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL
| | - Leauna M. Stone
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL
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Mixer SJ, Carson E, McArthur PM, Abraham C, Silva K, Davidson R, Sharp D, Chadwick J. Nurses in Action: A Response to Cultural Care Challenges in a Pediatric Acute Care Setting. J Pediatr Nurs 2015; 30:896-907. [PMID: 26072213 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Culturally congruent care is satisfying, meaningful, fits with people's daily lives, and promotes their health and wellbeing. A group of staff nurses identified specific clinical challenges they faced in providing such care for Hispanic and underserved Caucasian children and families in the pediatric medical-surgical unit of an urban regional children's hospital in the southeastern U.S. To address these challenges, an academic-practice partnership was formed between a group of nurse managers and staff nurses at the children's hospital and nursing faculty and graduate students at a local, research-intensive public university. Using the culture care theory, the partners collaborated on a research study to discover knowledge that would help the nursing staff resolve the identified clinical challenges. Twelve families and 12 healthcare providers participated. Data analysis revealed five care factors that participants identified as most valuable: family, faith, communication, care integration, and meeting basic needs. These themes were used to formulate nursing actions that, when applied in daily practice, could facilitate the provision of culturally congruent care for these children and their families. The knowledge generated by this study also has implications for healthcare organizations, nursing educators, and academic-practice partnerships that seek to ensure the delivery of equitable care for all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J Mixer
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.
| | - Emily Carson
- East Tennessee Children's Hospital, Knoxville, TN
| | | | | | - Krystle Silva
- East Tennessee Children's Hospital, Knoxville, TN; Morristown Gastroenterology, Morristown, TN
| | - Rebecca Davidson
- East Tennessee Children's Hospital, Knoxville, TN; Caylor School of Nursing, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN
| | - Debra Sharp
- East Tennessee Children's Hospital, Knoxville, TN
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Kesler DO, Hopkins LO, Torres E, Prasad A. Assimilating Traditional Healing Into Preventive Medicine Residency Curriculum. Am J Prev Med 2015; 49:S263-9. [PMID: 26477902 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive cultural competency includes knowledge and awareness of culturally based healing and wellness practices. Healthcare providers should be aware of the individual patient's beliefs, culture, and use of culturally based health practices because patients may adopt such practices for general wellness or as adjunct therapies without the benefit of discussion with their healthcare provider. This article describes the culturally based traditional healing curriculum that has been implemented in the University of New Mexico Public Health and General Preventive Medicine Residency Program in order to fulfill this knowledge necessity. Curricular elements were added in a stepwise manner starting in 2011, with the full content as described implemented starting in 2013. Data were collected annually with evaluation of the full curriculum occurring in 2015. New Mexico has a diverse population base that includes predominantly Hispanic and Native American cultures, making the inclusion of curriculum regarding traditional healing practices very pertinent. Residents at the University of New Mexico were educated through several curricular components about topics such as Curanderismo, the art of Mexican Folk Healing. An innovative approach was used, with a compendium of training methods that included learning directly from traditional healers and participation in healing practices. The incorporation of this residency curriculum resulted in a means to produce physicians well trained in approaching patient care and population health with knowledge of culturally based health practices in order to facilitate healthy patients and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denece O Kesler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
| | - L Olivia Hopkins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Eliseo Torres
- Office of Student Affairs, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Arti Prasad
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Howrey BT, Peek MK, McKee JM, Raji MA, Ottenbacher KJ, Markides KS. Chamomile Consumption and Mortality: A Prospective Study of Mexican Origin Older Adults. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2015; 56:1146-1152. [PMID: 26035879 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnv051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Approximately 20% of adults use some kind of herbal; however, little data exists from population-based study or clinical trials to support effectiveness of most herbal products. Chamomile is a commonly used herb among older adults of Mexican origin. We examined the effects of herbal chamomile consumption on mortality among older adults of Mexican origin. METHODS AND DESIGN A sample from the Hispanic Established Populations for Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly, a population-based study of noninstitutionalized Mexican Americans aged 65 and older from five Southwestern states (Texas, California, New Mexico, Colorado, and Arizona). We included all men and women from 2000 to 2007 (n = 1,677). RESULTS Chamomile was used by 14% of the sample. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed that chamomile was associated with a decreased risk of mortality in the total sample (hazard ratio [HR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55-0.92) and for women (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49-0.92) but not for men. In models adjusted for sociodemographic variables, health behaviors, and chronic conditions, chamomile remained significantly associated with reduced mortality in women (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53-0.98). IMPLICATIONS The use of chamomile shows protective effects against mortality in this sample of older adults of Mexican origin for women. Further research is warranted in other populations to determine if these effects are consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret T Howrey
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.
| | - M Kristen Peek
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Juliet M McKee
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Mukaila A Raji
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Kenneth J Ottenbacher
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Kyriakos S Markides
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
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Kashefi F, Khajehei M, Tabatabaeichehr M, Alavinia M, Asili J. Comparison of the effect of ginger and zinc sulfate on primary dysmenorrhea: a placebo-controlled randomized trial. Pain Manag Nurs 2014; 15:826-33. [PMID: 24559600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary dysmenorrhea is common among young women and results in their incapacitation; it can be accompanied by various symptoms that can disrupt their lives. The aim of this randomized trial was to compare the effect of ginger, zinc sulfate, and placebo on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea in young women. One hundred and fifty high school students were recruited. The participants were divided into three groups. The first group received ginger capsules, the second group received zinc sulfate capsules, and the third group received placebo capsules. All participants took the medications for four days, from the day before the commencement of menstruation to the third day of their menstrual bleeding. The severity of dysmenorrhea was assessed every 24 hours by the pain visual analog scale. The severity of pain was significantly different between, before, and after the intervention in both the ginger and the zinc sulfate groups (p < .001). Compared with the placebo receiving group, participants receiving ginger and zinc sulfate reported more alleviation of pain during the intervention (p < .05). Ginger and zinc sulfate had similar positive effects on the improvement of primary dysmenorrheal pain in young women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahbubeh Tabatabaeichehr
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Nursing and Midwifery, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alavinia
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Office of Ministry of Health and Medical Education, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Javad Asili
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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20
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The Overlap of Dietary Supplement and Pharmaceutical Use in the MIDUS National Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:823853. [PMID: 24834100 PMCID: PMC4009205 DOI: 10.1155/2014/823853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. In the United States, dietary supplement (DS) use is common, often takes place outside of the purview of health care providers, and may involve DS in combination with pharmaceuticals. This situation has led to concerns about interactions between DS and pharmaceuticals, as well as the risks from polypharmacy and polysupplement use. Methods. We used data from the Midlife in the US study (MIDUS 2 Survey) to examine DS and prescription pharmaceutical use in 3876 study participants in order to determine the demographics of high-users (5 or more) of DS and pharmaceuticals and the presence of DS-pharmaceutical co-use. Results. Over 69% of study participants regularly used DS, 49.6% regularly used both DS and pharmaceuticals, and 6.3% and 8.7% were high-users of pharmaceuticals and DS, respectively. High-users of DS, pharmaceuticals, and either were more likely than the whole cohort to be female and of lower income. Conclusions. These findings corroborate those of other national studies with respect to the demographics of DS users but add new information about people at risk of DS-pharmaceutical interactions, not an insignificant proportion of the population examined by this dataset.
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Kiefer D, Bradbury EJ, Tellez-Girón P. A pilot study of herbal medicine use in a Midwest Latino population. WMJ : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE STATE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN 2014; 113:64-71. [PMID: 24908901 PMCID: PMC4212979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal medicine use is common in the United States, especially in immigrant populations. Understanding of this plant use is incomplete, with significant gaps in the literature for people living in the Midwest, about the plant species used, and about how home herbal medicine use interacts with allopathic medicine. METHODS This pilot project used a qualitative research approach (interviews and focus groups, convenience sampling) to explore this topic for Latin America immigrants living in Madison, Wisconsin. RESULTS Eight interviews and focus groups consisting of 42 people yielded 199 minutes of audio recordings and the mention of 57 medicinal plants. These plants were obtained from gardens, relatives and friends (abroad and local), mail order, and local retail establishments. Retail sites sold fresh plants, dried plants, spices, foods, and packaged products, ranging from 20 to over 150 plant products per site. A preponderance of plants, especially in Latino-focused stores, was food that also served a medicinal purpose. Participants mentioned 35 distinct health and disease categories for which herbal medicines were used, and sometimes, but not always, discussed plant use with their health care provider. When compared with likely Latin binomial taxonomic names, clinically relevant confusions with the use of common plant names also were identified. DISCUSSION Overall, the findings presented illustrate the complexities surrounding herbal medicine use and create a case for future work to involve other demographics, and focus on botanical identification, the quantification of disclosure rates, and the development of educational interventions for physicians and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kiefer
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin
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22
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Vandebroek I. Intercultural health and ethnobotany: how to improve healthcare for underserved and minority communities? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:746-54. [PMID: 23727048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The present conceptual review explores intercultural healthcare--defined as the integration of traditional medicine and biomedicine as complementary healthcare systems--in minority and underserved communities. This integration can take place at different levels: individuals (patients, healers, biomedical healthcare providers), institutions (health centers, hospitals) or society (government policy). BACKGROUND Contemporary ethnobotany research of traditional medicine has primarily dealt with the botanical identification of plants commonly used by local communities, and the identification of health conditions treated with these plants, whereas ethnopharmacology has focused on the bioactivity of traditional remedies. On the other hand, medical anthropology seems to be the scholarship more involved with research into patients' healthcare-seeking itineraries and their interaction with traditional versus biomedical healthcare systems. The direct impact of these studies on public health of local communities can be contested. AIM OF THE REVIEW To compare and discuss the body of scholarly work that deals with different aspects of traditional medicine in underserved and minority communities, and to reflect on how gaps identified in research can be bridged to help improve healthcare in these communities. KEY FINDINGS The literature covers a broad range of information of relevance to intercultural healthcare. This information is fragmented across different scientific and clinical disciplines. A conceptual review of these studies identifies a clear need to devote more attention to ways in which research on traditional medicine can be more effectively applied to improve local public health in biomedical resource-poor settings, or in geographic areas that have disparities in access to healthcare. CONCLUSIONS Scholars studying traditional medicine should prioritize a more interdisciplinary and applied perspective to their work in order to forge a more direct social impact on public health in local communities most in need of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Vandebroek
- Institute of Economic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.
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