1
|
Hong CE, Lyu SY. Modulation of Breast Cancer Cell Apoptosis and Macrophage Polarization by Mistletoe Lectin in 2D and 3D Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8459. [PMID: 39126027 PMCID: PMC11313472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Korean mistletoe (Viscum album L. var. coloratum) is renowned for its medicinal properties, including anti-cancer and immunoadjuvant effects. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which Korean mistletoe lectin (V. album L. var. coloratum agglutinin; VCA) modulates breast cancer cell apoptosis and macrophage polarization. The specific objectives were to (1) investigate the direct effects of VCA on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and THP-1-derived M1/M2 macrophages; (2) analyze the impact of VCA on the paracrine interactions between these cell types; and (3) compare the efficacy of VCA in 2D vs. 3D co-culture models to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo studies. We employed both 2D and 3D models, co-culturing human M1/M2 macrophages with human MCF-7 breast cancer cells in a Transwell system. Our research demonstrated that M1 and M2 macrophages significantly influenced the immune and apoptotic responses of breast cancer cells when exposed to VCA. M1 macrophages exhibited cytotoxic characteristics and enhanced VCA-induced apoptosis in both 2D and 3D co-culture models. Conversely, M2 macrophages initially displayed a protective effect by reducing apoptosis in breast cancer cells, but this protective effect was reversed upon exposure to VCA. Furthermore, our findings illustrate VCA's ability to modulate M1 and M2 polarization in breast cancer cells. Finally, the use of magnetic 3D cell cultures suggests their potential to yield results comparable to conventional 2D cultures, bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Eui Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea;
- Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yun Lyu
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea;
- Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sitte Z, Miranda Buzetta AA, Jones SJ, Lin ZW, Whitman NA, Lockett MR. Paper-Based Coculture Platform to Evaluate the Effects of Fibroblasts on Estrogen Signaling in ER+ Breast Cancers. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:479-487. [PMID: 38145029 PMCID: PMC10740124 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based assays enable molecular-level studies of cellular responses to drug candidates or potential toxins. Transactivation assays quantify the activation or inhibition of nuclear receptors, key transcriptional regulators of gene targets in mamalian cells. One such assay couples the expression of luciferase to the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα). While this assay is regularly used to screen for agonists and antagonists of the estrogen signaling pathway, the setup relies on monolayer cultures in which cells are plated directly onto the surface of cell-compatible plasticware. The tumor microenvironment is more than a collection of cancerous cells and is profoundly influenced by tissue architecture, the presence of extracellular matrices, and intercellular signaling molecules produced by non-cancerous neighboring cells (e.g., fibroblasts). There exists a need for three-dimensional culture platforms that can be rapidly prototyped to assess new configurations and readily produced in the large numbers needed for translational studies and screening applications. Here, we demonstrate the utility of the paper-based culture platform to probe the effects of intercellular signaling between two cell types. We used paper scaffolds to generate tumor-like environments, forming a defined volume of breast cancer cells suspended in collagen. By placing the paper scaffolds in commercial 96-well plates, we compared monocultures of only breast cancer cells with coculture configurations containing fibroblasts in different locations that mimicked the stages of breast cancer progression. We show that ERα transactivation in the T47D-KBluc cell line is affected by the presence, number, and proximity of fibroblasts, and is a consequence of intercellular signaling molecules. After screening a small library of fibroblast-secreted signaling molecules, we showed that interleukin-6 (IL-6) was the primary driver of reduced estradiol sensitivity. These effects were mitigated in the coculture configurations by the addition of an IL-6 neutralizing antibody. We also assessed estrogen receptor expression and transcriptional regulation, further demonstrating the utility of the paper-based platform for detailed mechanistic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary
R. Sitte
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Abel Andre Miranda Buzetta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Sarina J. Jones
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Zhi-Wei Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Nathan Ashbrook Whitman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Matthew R. Lockett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
- Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7295, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu C, Huang C, Hsu M, Chien H, Wu P, Chen Y, Jeng Y, Tang S, Chung M, Shen C, Chang M, Chang Y, Tien Y, Lee W. Oncogenic KRAS, Mucin 4, and Activin A-Mediated Fibroblast Activation Cooperate for PanIN Initiation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301240. [PMID: 37964407 PMCID: PMC10754145 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Over 90% of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have oncogenic KRAS mutations. Nevertheless, mutated KRAS alone is insufficient to initiate pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), the precursor of PDAC. The identities of the other factors/events required to drive PanIN formation remain elusive. Here, optic-clear 3D histology is used to analyze entire pancreases of 2-week-old Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D/+ (KC) mice to detect the earliest emergence of PanIN and observed that the occurrence is independent of physical location. Instead, it is found that the earliest PanINs overexpress Muc4 and associate with αSMA+ fibroblasts in both transgenic mice and human specimens. Mechanistically, KrasG12D/+ pancreatic cells upregulate Muc4 through genetic alterations to increase proliferation and fibroblast recruitments via Activin A secretion and consequently enhance cell transformation for PanIN formation. Inhibition of Activin A signaling using Follistatin (FST) diminishes early PanIN-associated fibroblast recruitment, effectively curtailing PanIN initiation and growth in KC mice. These findings emphasize the vital role of interactions between oncogenic KrasG12D/+ -driven genetic alterations and induced microenvironmental changes in PanIN initiation, suggesting potential avenues for early PDAC diagnostic and management approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Mei Hu
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Chien‐Chang Huang
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Min‐Fen Hsu
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Hung‐Jen Chien
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Jung Wu
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Ing Chen
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Yung‐Ming Jeng
- Department of PathologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipei10041Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10041Taiwan
| | - Shiue‐Cheng Tang
- Department of Medical ScienceNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Mei‐Hsin Chung
- Department of PathologyNational Taiwan University Hospital−Hsinchu BranchHsinchu30331Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Ning Shen
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Chu Chang
- Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipei10041Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Ting Chang
- Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipei10041Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Wen Tien
- Department of SurgeryNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipei10041Taiwan
| | - Wen‐Hwa Lee
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
- Drug Development CenterChina Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA92697USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liedig C, Neupane P, Lashnits E, Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG. Blood Supplementation Enhances Bartonella henselae Growth and Molecular Detection of Bacterial DNA in Liquid Culture. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0512622. [PMID: 37227273 PMCID: PMC10269525 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05126-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Bartonella, a member of the Alphaproteobacteria, are fastidious, Gram-negative, aerobic bacilli that comprise numerous species, subspecies, and genotypes. Bartonella henselae, with a worldwide distribution, infects cats, dogs, horses, humans, and other mammals. Diagnostically, direct detection of Bartonella henselae in patient blood specimens by culture or molecular methods is required to confirm infection with this bacterium. Enrichment blood culture combined with quantitative PCR (qPCR) or ddPCR enhances the sensitivity of direct detection. The addition of sheep blood to liquid culture media increased the Bartonella henselae DNA concentration compared to controls, additionally improving PCR direct detection sensitivity. IMPORTANCE This study aims to improve diagnostic detection of Bartonella henselae. Patient samples are combined with enriched bacterial cultures aimed at growing Bartonella henselae for the best possible chance at detection. However, current Bartonella growth methods could be improved. The DNA extraction method used by most laboratories should also be optimized. Sheep blood was added to increase the growth of Bartonella henselae and multiple DNA extraction methods were to be compared to each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chance Liedig
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, and the Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pradeep Neupane
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erin Lashnits
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Edward B. Breitschwerdt
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, and the Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ricardo G. Maggi
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, and the Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Collins SE, Wiegand ME, Werner AN, Brown IN, Mundo MI, Swango DJ, Mouneimne G, Charest PG. Ras-mediated activation of mTORC2 promotes breast epithelial cell migration and invasion. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar9. [PMID: 36542482 PMCID: PMC9930525 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-06-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) as an effector of Ras for the control of directed cell migration in Dictyostelium. Recently, the Ras-mediated regulation of mTORC2 was found to be conserved in mammalian cells, and mTORC2 was shown to be an effector of oncogenic Ras. Interestingly, mTORC2 has been linked to cancer cell migration, and particularly in breast cancer. Here, we investigated the role of Ras in promoting the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through mTORC2. We observed that both Ras and mTORC2 promote the migration of different breast cancer cells and breast cancer cell models. Using HER2 and oncogenic Ras-transformed breast epithelial MCF10A cells, we found that both wild-type Ras and oncogenic Ras promote mTORC2 activation and an mTORC2-dependent migration and invasion in these breast cancer models. We further observed that, whereas oncogenic Ras-transformed MCF10A cells display uncontrolled cell proliferation and invasion, disruption of mTORC2 leads to loss of invasiveness only. Together, our findings suggest that, whereas the Ras-mediated activation of mTORC2 is expected to play a minor role in breast tumor formation, the Ras-mTORC2 pathway plays an important role in promoting the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E. Collins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Mollie E. Wiegand
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Alyssa N. Werner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Isabella N. Brown
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Mary I. Mundo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Douglas J. Swango
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Ghassan Mouneimne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Pascale G. Charest
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Del Valle LG, Montero MG, Jechlinger M. Modification of Single Cells Within Mouse Mammary Gland Derived Acini via Viral Transduction. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2471:185-194. [PMID: 35175597 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2193-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The growth of organoid cultures from primary donor tissue is able to recapitulate the original tissue morphology, heterogeneity, and characteristics. Close study of these cultures grants a deeper understanding of the chain of events occurring during disease progression and healthy tissue development. While patient derived organoids are particularly suited to assay for novel treatment options, organoids obtained from model organisms are perfectly suited to establish in-depth analysis technology, including longitudinal imaging approaches, as well as proof of principle studies that rely on a steady source of primary tissue. All these approaches profit from advancements in technology to manipulate cells within an organoid.Here we present an optimized protocol to generate, culture, and transduce 3D acini obtained from mouse primary mammary epithelial cells via viral vectors. Applying this method, a few cells within the preserved organoid can be marked, changed, and tracked within an unaltered neighboring environment of non-transduced cells to better understand processes like, for instance, tumor initiation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Modeling Tumor: Lymphatic Interactions in Lymphatic Metastasis of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236044. [PMID: 34885152 PMCID: PMC8656640 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lymphatic metastasis is a critical prognostic factor of breast cancer aggressiveness and patient survival. Since existing therapeutic approaches have shown limited efficacy, new strategies to identify effective therapeutic targets for reducing breast cancer lymphatic metastasis are needed. We have used novel culture chambers, designed and fabricated by our group, to develop 3D models in which we can study spat ial interactions between breast cancer cells and lymphatic cells as they occur in real-time. This approach provides information on the complex cell–cell interactions involved in lymphatic metastasis of breast cancers. Factors in the secretome of the lymphatic cells promote invasive outgrowths from 3D cultures of breast cancer cells, suggesting that targeting interactions between breast cancer cells and lymphatic cells could be a potential therapeutic approach for the prevention of lymphatic metastasis. Abstract Breast cancer frequently metastasizes to lymphatics and the presence of breast cancer cells in regional lymph nodes is an important prognostic factor. Delineating the mechanisms by which breast cancer cells disseminate and spatiotemporal aspects of interactions between breast cancer cells and lymphatics is needed to design new therapies to prevent lymphatic metastases. As triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a high incidence of lymphatic metastasis, we used a three-dimensional (3D) coculture model of human TNBC cells and human microvascular lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to analyze TNBC:LEC interactions. Non-invasive analyses such as live-cell imaging in real-time and collection of conditioned media for secretomic analysis were facilitated by our novel microfluidic chambers. The volumes of 3D structures formed in TNBC:LEC cocultures are greater than that of 3D structures formed by either LEC or TNBC monocultures. Over 4 days of culture there is an increase in multicellular invasive outgrowths from TNBC spheroids and an association of TNBC spheroids with LEC networks. The increase in invasive phenotype also occurred when TNBC spheroids were cultured in LEC-conditioned media and in wells linked to ones containing LEC networks. Our results suggest that modeling spatiotemporal interactions between TNBC and LECs may reveal paracrine signaling that could be targeted to reduce lymphatic metastasis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dwivedi A, Padala C, Kumari A, Khumukcham SS, Penugurti V, Ghosh S, Mazumder A, Goffin V, Manavathi B. Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein is a novel regulator of mammary epithelial cell differentiation. FEBS J 2021; 289:1575-1590. [PMID: 34668648 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein (HPIP, also known as PBXIP1) is an estrogen receptor (ER) interacting protein that regulates estrogen-mediated breast cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. However, its functional significance in the context of mammary gland development is unexplored. Here, we report that HPIP is required for prolactin (PRL)-induced lactogenic differentiation in vitro. Molecular analysis of HPIP expression in mice revealed its induced expression at pregnancy and lactation stages of mammary gland. Moreover, PRL is a lactogenic hormone that controls pregnancy as well as lactation and induces Hpip/Pbxip1 expression in a signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a-dependent manner. Using mammary epithelial and lactogenic-competent cell lines, we further show that HPIP plays a regulatory role in PRL-mediated mammary epithelial cell differentiation, which is measured by acini formation, β-casein synthesis, and lipid droplet formation. Further mechanistic studies using pharmacological inhibitors revealed that HPIP modulates PRL-induced β-casein synthesis via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) activation. This study also identified HPIP as a critical regulator of autocrine PRL signaling as treatment with the PRL receptor antagonist Δ1-9-G129R-hPRL restrained HPIP-mediated PRL synthesis, AKT activation, and β-casein synthesis in cultured HC11 cells. Interestingly, we also uncovered that microRNA-148a (miR-148a) antagonizes HPIP-mediated mammary epithelial cell differentiation. Together, our study identified HPIP as a critical regulator of PRL signaling and revealed a novel molecular circuitry involving PRL, HPIP, PI3K/AKT, and miR-148a that controls mammary epithelial cell differentiation in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, India
| | - Chiranjeevi Padala
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, India
| | - Anita Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Sinjini Ghosh
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, India
| | - Aprotim Mazumder
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, India
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Inserm U1151/CNRS 8253, Université de Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Expression of CCL2/CCR2 signaling proteins in breast carcinoma cells is associated with invasive progression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8708. [PMID: 33888841 PMCID: PMC8062684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most common type of pre-invasive breast cancer diagnosed in women. Because the majority of DCIS cases are unlikely to progress to invasive breast cancer, many women are over-treated for DCIS. By understanding the molecular basis of early stage breast cancer progression, we may identify better prognostic factors and design treatments tailored specifically to the predicted outcome of DCIS. Chemokines are small soluble molecules with complex roles in inflammation and cancer progression. Previously, we demonstrated that CCL2/CCR2 chemokine signaling in breast cancer cell lines regulated growth and invasion through p42/44MAPK and SMAD3 dependent mechanisms. Here, we sought to determine the clinical and functional relevance of CCL2/CCR2 signaling proteins to DCIS progression. Through immunostaining analysis of DCIS and IDC tissues, we show that expression of CCL2, CCR2, phospho-SMAD3 and phospho-p42/44MAPK correlate with IDC. Using PDX models and an immortalized hDCIS.01 breast epithelial cell line, we show that breast epithelial cells with high CCR2 and high CCL2 levels form invasive breast lesions that express phospho-SMAD3 and phospho-p42/44MAPK. These studies demonstrate that increased CCL2/CCR2 signaling in breast tissues is associated with DCIS progression, and could be a signature to predict the likelihood of DCIS progression to IDC.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kapara A, Findlay Paterson KA, Brunton VG, Graham D, Zagnoni M, Faulds K. Detection of Estrogen Receptor Alpha and Assessment of Fulvestrant Activity in MCF-7 Tumor Spheroids Using Microfluidics and SERS. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5862-5871. [PMID: 33797884 PMCID: PMC8153394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women. Novel in vitro tools that integrate three-dimensional (3D) tumor models with highly sensitive chemical reporters can provide useful information to aid biological characterization of cancer phenotype and understanding of drug activity. The combination of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) techniques with microfluidic technologies offers new opportunities for highly selective, specific, and multiplexed nanoparticle-based assays. Here, we explored the use of functionalized nanoparticles for the detection of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) expression in a 3D tumor model, using the ERα-positive human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. This approach was used to compare targeted versus nontargeted nanoparticle interactions with the tumor model to better understand whether targeted nanotags are required to efficiently target ERα. Mixtures of targeted anti-ERα antibody-functionalized nanotags (ERα-AuNPs) and nontargeted (against ERα) anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody-functionalized nanotags (HER2-AuNPs), with different Raman reporters with a similar SERS signal intensity, were incubated with MCF-7 spheroids in microfluidic devices and spectroscopically analyzed using SERS. MCF-7 cells express high levels of ERα and no detectable levels of HER2. 2D and 3D SERS measurements confirmed the strong targeting effect of ERα-AuNP nanotags to the MCF-7 spheroids in contrast to HER2-AuNPs (63% signal reduction). Moreover, 3D SERS measurements confirmed the differentiation between the targeted and the nontargeted nanotags. Finally, we demonstrated how nanotag uptake by MCF-7 spheroids was affected by the drug fulvestrant, the first-in-class approved selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD). These results illustrate the potential of using SERS and microfluidics as a powerful in vitro platform for the characterization of 3D tumor models and the investigation of SERD activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kapara
- Centre
for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry,
Technology and Innovation Centre, University
of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
- MRC
Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh Cancer Research
UK Centre, University of Edinburgh, Western
General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Karla A. Findlay Paterson
- Centre
for Microsystems and Photonics, Department of Electronic and Electrical
Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 204 George Street, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK
| | - Valerie G. Brunton
- MRC
Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh Cancer Research
UK Centre, University of Edinburgh, Western
General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre
for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry,
Technology and Innovation Centre, University
of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | - Michele Zagnoni
- Centre
for Microsystems and Photonics, Department of Electronic and Electrical
Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 204 George Street, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre
for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry,
Technology and Innovation Centre, University
of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chakravarty V, Anandi L, Ashiq KA, Abhijith K, Umesh R, Lahiri M. Prolonged Exposure to Platelet Activating Factor Transforms Breast Epithelial Cells. Front Genet 2021; 12:634938. [PMID: 33841500 PMCID: PMC8027472 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.634938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid species are known to have various biological functions owing to their structural differences, and each of them possesses a specific role to play depending upon their location and distribution in the cell. Some of these lipids interact with proteins on the cell membrane and acts as second messengers. The level of lipid mediators is generally maintained in the cell by feedback mechanisms; however, their improper degradation or enhanced production leads to their accumulation in the tumor microenvironment and disturbs the homeostasis of the cell. Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a known phospholipid mediator secreted upon immunological challenges by platelets, neutrophils, basophils, and macrophages. PAF, as a potent inflammatory molecule, is well studied, and its role in various cancers and cardiovascular diseases has also been investigated. Interestingly, increased levels of PAF have been found in the blood plasma of smokers, and breast cancer cells have shown the accumulation of PAF in presence of cigarette smoke extract. This accumulation was found to increase tumor cell motility that in turn could promote metastasis. Beyond this, however, the effect of PAF on tumorigenesis has not yet been well explored. Here, we show that the continuous exposure of 3D breast acinar cultures to PAF resulted in the activation of various oncogenic signaling pathways leading to transformation. We also found that the presence of PAF in the micro-environment increased the expression of PAF receptor (PAF-R), which corroborated with the higher expression of PAF-R detected in some epithelial cancers, as per literature. Thus, this study impresses on the fact that the presence of PAF alters the cellular microenvironment and eventually triggers irreversible effects that can cumulatively lead to transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Chakravarty
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Libi Anandi
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - K A Ashiq
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - K Abhijith
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Rintu Umesh
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Mayurika Lahiri
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Calar K, Plesselova S, Bhattacharya S, Jorgensen M, de la Puente P. Human Plasma-Derived 3D Cultures Model Breast Cancer Treatment Responses and Predict Clinically Effective Drug Treatment Concentrations. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071722. [PMID: 32610529 PMCID: PMC7407241 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of efficacy and a low overall success rate of phase I-II clinical trials are the most common failures when it comes to advancing cancer treatment. Current drug sensitivity screenings present several challenges including differences in cell growth rates, the inconsistent use of drug metrics, and the lack of translatability. Here, we present a patient-derived 3D culture model to overcome these limitations in breast cancer (BCa). The human plasma-derived 3D culture model (HuP3D) utilizes patient plasma as the matrix, where BCa cell lines and primary BCa biopsies were grown and screened for drug treatments. Several drug metrics were evaluated from relative cell count and growth rate curves. Correlations between HuP3D metrics, established preclinical models, and clinical effective concentrations in patients were determined. HuP3D efficiently supported the growth and expansion of BCa cell lines and primary breast cancer tumors as both organoids and single cells. Significant and strong correlations between clinical effective concentrations in patients were found for eight out of ten metrics for HuP3D, while a very poor positive correlation and a moderate correlation was found for 2D models and other 3D models, respectively. HuP3D is a feasible and efficacious platform for supporting the growth and expansion of BCa, allowing high-throughput drug screening and predicting clinically effective therapies better than current preclinical models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Calar
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (K.C.); (S.B.); (M.J.)
| | - Simona Plesselova
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Somshuvra Bhattacharya
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (K.C.); (S.B.); (M.J.)
| | - Megan Jorgensen
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (K.C.); (S.B.); (M.J.)
- MD/PhD Program, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Pilar de la Puente
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (K.C.); (S.B.); (M.J.)
- Department of Surgery, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
- Flow Cytometry Core, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-605-312-6042
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nelson SR, Walsh N. Genetic Alterations Featuring Biological Models to Tailor Clinical Management of Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1233. [PMID: 32423157 PMCID: PMC7281628 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This high mortality rate is due to the disease's lack of symptoms, resulting in a late diagnosis. Biomarkers and treatment options for pancreatic cancer are also limited. In order to overcome this, new research models and novel approaches to discovering PDAC biomarkers are required. In this review, we outline the hereditary and somatic causes of PDAC and provide an overview of the recent genome wide association studies (GWAS) and pathway analysis studies. We also provide a summary of some of the systems used to study PDAC, including established and primary cell lines, patient-derived xenografts (PDX), and newer models such as organoids and organ-on-chip. These ex vitro laboratory systems allow for critical research into the development and progression of PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi Walsh
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang L, Liu B, Chen H, Gao R, Huang K, Guo Q, Li F, Chen W, He J. Progress in the application of organoids to breast cancer research. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5420-5427. [PMID: 32283573 PMCID: PMC7214171 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women. Breast cancer research is currently based mainly on animal models and traditional cell culture. However, the inherent species gap between humans and animals, as well as differences in organization between organs and cells, limits research advances. The breast cancer organoid can reproduce many of the key features of human breast cancer, thereby providing a new platform for investigating the mechanisms underlying the development, progression, metastasis and drug resistance of breast cancer. The application of organoid technology can also promote drug discovery and the design of individualized treatment strategies. Here, we discuss the latest advances in the use of organoid technology for breast cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baoer Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haodong Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kanghua Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuyi Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weicai Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinsong He
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dusp6 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometrial adenocarcinoma via ERK signaling pathway. Radiol Oncol 2019; 53:307-315. [PMID: 31553703 PMCID: PMC6765161 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2019-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed gynaecological malignancies among female population of the developed countries. DUSP6 is a negative regulator of ERK signaling, which is a molecular switch involved in MAPK signaling during the progress of malignancies. DUSP6 was previously found to inhibit tumorigenesis and EMT-associated properties in several cancers, however, its exact role in EAC remains unclear Methods The level of DUSP6, (E-cad) and (N-cad) in EAC cancerous tissues and respective adjacent non-cancerous tissues were examined by western-blot or immunohistochemistry. The cell growth, invasion and migration abilities were measured in Ishikawa 3H12 endometrial cancer cell lines with overexpressed or knock down DUSP6. Protein levels of EMT-associated markers E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin were also determined. The impacts of DUSP6 on ERK signaling was assessed by detection of ERK and p-ERK. Results Down-regulation of DUSP6 was observed in EAC compared with the normal controls. The overexpression of DUSP6 significantly attenuated tumor cell growth, invasion, migration abilities and inhibited EMT-associated markers, while knock down of DUSP6 showed opposite trends. Overexpression of DUSP6 also down-regulated p-ERK and the knock down of DUSP6 inversely up-regulated p-ERK level. Conclusions DUSP6 inhibited cell growth, invasion and migration abilities in Ishikawa 3H12 cells as well as attenuating EMT-associated properties. This tumor suppressive effect of DUSP6 in EAC is achieved by inhibiting ERK signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
16
|
Booij TH, Price LS, Danen EHJ. 3D Cell-Based Assays for Drug Screens: Challenges in Imaging, Image Analysis, and High-Content Analysis. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2019; 24:615-627. [PMID: 30817892 PMCID: PMC6589915 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219830087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of more relevant cell models in early preclinical drug discovery, combined with high-content imaging and automated analysis, is expected to increase the quality of compounds progressing to preclinical stages in the drug development pipeline. In this review we discuss the current switch to more relevant 3D cell culture models and associated challenges for high-throughput screening and high-content analysis. We propose that overcoming these challenges will enable front-loading the drug discovery pipeline with better biology, extracting the most from that biology, and, in general, improving translation between in vitro and in vivo models. This is expected to reduce the proportion of compounds that fail in vivo testing due to a lack of efficacy or to toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tijmen H. Booij
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- NEXUS Personalized Health Technologies, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Leo S. Price
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- OcellO B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H. J. Danen
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Livingston MK, Morgan MM, Daly WT, Murphy WL, Johnson BP, Beebe DJ, Virumbrales-Muñoz M. Evaluation of PEG-based hydrogel influence on estrogen receptor driven responses in MCF7 breast cancer cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6089-6098. [PMID: 31942444 PMCID: PMC6961958 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicking hydrogel scaffolds have greatly improved the physiological relevance of in vitro assays, but introduce another dimension that creates variability in cell related readouts when compared to traditional 2D cells-on-plastic assays. We have developed a synthetic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based ECM mimicking hydrogel and tested it against two gold standard animal-based naturally derived hydrogel scaffolds in MCF7 cell response. We have used the percent coefficient of variation (CV) as a metric to evaluate the reproducibility of said responses. Results indicated that PEG hydrogels performed similarly to naturally derived gold standards, and variance was similar in basic characterization assays, such as viability and cell adherence. PEG based hydrogels had lower CV values in estrogen receptor driven responses to several doses of estrogen in both estrogen receptor transactivation and estrogen induced proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan K. Livingston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53726
| | - Molly M. Morgan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53726
| | - William T. Daly
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 55705
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 55705
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1509 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Brian P. Johnson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53726
| | - David J. Beebe
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53726
| | - Maria Virumbrales-Muñoz
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53726
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Goertzen C, Eymael D, Magalhaes M. Three-Dimensional Quantification of Spheroid Degradation-Dependent Invasion and Invadopodia Formation. Biol Proced Online 2018; 20:20. [PMID: 30356830 PMCID: PMC6190556 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-018-0085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-rich, proteolytic structures that enable cancer cell to invade into the surrounding tissues. Several in vitro invasion assays have been used in the literature ranging from directional quantitative assays to complex three-dimensional (3D) analyses. One of the main limitations of these assays is the lack of quantifiable degradation-dependent invasion in a three-dimensional (3D) environment that mimics the tumor microenvironment. In this article, we describe a new invasion and degradation assay based on the currently available tumor spheroid model that allows long-term high-resolution imaging of the tumor, precise quantification, and visualization of matrix degradation and multichannel immunocytochemistry. By incorporating a degradation marker (DQ-Green BSA) into a basement-membrane matrix, we demonstrate the ability to quantitate cancer cell-induced matrix degradation in 3D. Also, we describe a technique to generate histological sections of the tumor spheroid allowing the detection of invadopodia formation in the 3D tumor spheroid. This new technique provides a clear advantage for studying cancer in vitro and will help address critical questions regarding the dynamics of cancer cell invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Goertzen
- 1Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Denise Eymael
- 1Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marco Magalhaes
- 1Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,2Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, room 495, Toronto, ON M5G1G6 Canada.,3Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shen H, Yang N, Truskinovsky A, Chen Y, Mussell AL, Nowak NJ, Kobzik L, Frangou C, Zhang J. Targeting TAZ-Driven Human Breast Cancer by Inhibiting a SKP2-p27 Signaling Axis. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:250-262. [PMID: 30237296 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated expression of the transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (WWTR1/TAZ) is a common feature of basal-like breast cancer (BLBC). Yet, how oncogenic TAZ regulates cell-cycle progression and proliferation in breast cancer remains poorly understood, and whether TAZ is required for tumor maintenance has not been established. Here, using an integrative oncogenomic approach, TAZ-dependent cellular programs essential for tumor growth and progression were identified. Significantly, TAZ-driven tumor cells required sustained TAZ expression, given that its withdrawal impaired both genesis and maintenance of solid tumors. Moreover, temporal inhibition of TAZ diminished the metastatic burden in established macroscopic pulmonary metastases. Mechanistic investigation revealed that TAZ controls distinct gene profiles that determine cancer cell fate through cell-cycle networks, including a specific, causal role for S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) in mediating the neoplastic state. Together, this study elucidates the molecular events that underpin the role of TAZ in BLBC and link to SKP2, a convergent communication node for multiple cancer signaling pathways, as a key downstream effector molecule. IMPLICATIONS: Understanding the molecular role of TAZ and its link to SKP2, a signaling convergent point and key regulator in BLBC, represents an important step toward the identification of novel therapeutic targets for TAZ-dependent breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Shen
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Nuo Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, New York, New York
| | | | - Yanmin Chen
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Ashley L Mussell
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Norma J Nowak
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Costa Frangou
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Stebbing J, Shah K, Lit LC, Gagliano T, Ditsiou A, Wang T, Wendler F, Simon T, Szabó KS, O'Hanlon T, Dean M, Roslani AC, Cheah SH, Lee SC, Giamas G. LMTK3 confers chemo-resistance in breast cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:3113-3130. [PMID: 29540829 PMCID: PMC5992129 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lemur tyrosine kinase 3 (LMTK3) is an oncogenic kinase that is involved in different types of cancer (breast, lung, gastric, colorectal) and biological processes including proliferation, invasion, migration, chromatin remodeling as well as innate and acquired endocrine resistance. However, the role of LMTK3 in response to cytotoxic chemotherapy has not been investigated thus far. Using both 2D and 3D tissue culture models, we found that overexpression of LMTK3 decreased the sensitivity of breast cancer cell lines to cytotoxic (doxorubicin) treatment. In a mouse model we showed that ectopic overexpression of LMTK3 decreases the efficacy of doxorubicin in reducing tumor growth. Interestingly, breast cancer cells overexpressing LMTK3 delayed the generation of double strand breaks (DSBs) after exposure to doxorubicin, as measured by the formation of γH2AX foci. This effect was at least partly mediated by decreased activity of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) as indicated by its reduced phosphorylation levels. In addition, our RNA-seq analyses showed that doxorubicin differentially regulated the expression of over 700 genes depending on LMTK3 protein expression levels. Furthermore, these genes were found to promote DNA repair, cell viability and tumorigenesis processes / pathways in LMTK3-overexpressing MCF7 cells. In human cancers, immunohistochemistry staining of LMTK3 in pre- and post-chemotherapy breast tumor pairs from four separate clinical cohorts revealed a significant increase of LMTK3 following both doxorubicin and docetaxel based chemotherapy. In aggregate, our findings show for the first time a contribution of LMTK3 in cytotoxic drug resistance in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Stebbing
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 ONN, UK
| | - Kalpit Shah
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lei Cheng Lit
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 ONN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teresa Gagliano
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Angeliki Ditsiou
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Tingting Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences, 28 Medical Drive, #02-15, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Franz Wendler
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Thomas Simon
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Krisztina Sára Szabó
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Timothy O'Hanlon
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael Dean
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - April Camilla Roslani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Swee Hung Cheah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo-Chin Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences, 28 Medical Drive, #02-15, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Georgios Giamas
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Benham V, Chakraborty D, Bullard B, Bernard JJ. A role for FGF2 in visceral adiposity-associated mammary epithelial transformation. Adipocyte 2018; 7:113-120. [PMID: 29561195 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2018.1445889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a leading risk factor for post-menopausal breast cancer, and this is concerning as 40% of cancer diagnoses in 2014 were associated with overweight/obesity. Despite this epidemiological link, the underlying mechanism responsible is unknown. We recently published that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) releases FGF2 and stimulates the transformation of skin epithelial cells. Furthermore, obesity is differentially associated with many epithelial cancers, and this mechanistic link could be translational. As FGF2 and FGFR1 are implicated in breast cancer progression, we hypothesize that VAT-derived FGF2 plays a translational role in promoting adiposity-associated mammary epithelial cell transformation. In this brief report, data suggest that FGF2/FGFR1 signaling is a potential mechanistic link in VAT-stimulated transformation of breast epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Benham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Debrup Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Blair Bullard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jamie J. Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mikhailova V, Gulaia V, Tiasto V, Rybtsov S, Yatsunskaya M, Kagansky A. Towards an advanced cell-based in vitro glioma model system. AIMS GENETICS 2018; 5:91-112. [PMID: 31435515 PMCID: PMC6698577 DOI: 10.3934/genet.2018.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of tumor growth and development in vitro has always been one of the key factors in the research of the malignant transformation, including gliomas, prevalent and most deadly cancers of the brain. Indeed, cellular and molecular biology research employing in vitro model cell-based systems have great potential to advance both the mechanistic understanding and the treatment of human glial tumors, as it facilitates not only the understanding of glioma biology and its regulatory mechanisms Additionally they promise to afford the screening of the putative anti-tumor agents and alternative treatment approaches in a personalized manner, i.e. by virtue of using the patient-derived tumor material for such tests. However, in order to become reliable and representative, glioma model systems need to move towards including most inherent cancer features such as local hypoxia, specific genetic aberrations, native tumor microenvironment, and the three-dimensional extracellular matrix. This review starts with a brief introduction on the general epidemiological and molecular characteristics of gliomas followed by an overview of the cell-based in vitro models currently used in glioma research. As a conclusion, we suggest approaches to move to innovative cell-based in vitro glioma models. We consider that main criteria for selecting these approaches should include the adequate resemblance to the key in vivo characteristics, robustness, cost-effectiveness and ease to use, as well as the amenability to high throughput handling to allow the standardized drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeriia Mikhailova
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriia Gulaia
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Vladlena Tiasto
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine of the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Margarita Yatsunskaya
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS 159, Stoletij Vladivostoku Avenue, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Matissek KJ, Onozato ML, Sun S, Zheng Z, Schultz A, Lee J, Patel K, Jerevall PL, Saladi SV, Macleay A, Tavallai M, Badovinac-Crnjevic T, Barrios C, Beşe N, Chan A, Chavarri-Guerra Y, Debiasi M, Demirdögen E, Egeli Ü, Gökgöz S, Gomez H, Liedke P, Tasdelen I, Tolunay S, Werutsky G, St Louis J, Horick N, Finkelstein DM, Le LP, Bardia A, Goss PE, Sgroi DC, Iafrate AJ, Ellisen LW. Expressed Gene Fusions as Frequent Drivers of Poor Outcomes in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancer Discov 2017; 8:336-353. [PMID: 29242214 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We sought to uncover genetic drivers of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer, using a targeted next-generation sequencing approach for detecting expressed gene rearrangements without prior knowledge of the fusion partners. We identified intergenic fusions involving driver genes, including PIK3CA, AKT3, RAF1, and ESR1, in 14% (24/173) of unselected patients with advanced HR+ breast cancer. FISH confirmed the corresponding chromosomal rearrangements in both primary and metastatic tumors. Expression of novel kinase fusions in nontransformed cells deregulates phosphoprotein signaling, cell proliferation, and survival in three-dimensional culture, whereas expression in HR+ breast cancer models modulates estrogen-dependent growth and confers hormonal therapy resistance in vitro and in vivo Strikingly, shorter overall survival was observed in patients with rearrangement-positive versus rearrangement-negative tumors. Correspondingly, fusions were uncommon (<5%) among 300 patients presenting with primary HR+ breast cancer. Collectively, our findings identify expressed gene fusions as frequent and potentially actionable drivers in HR+ breast cancer.Significance: By using a powerful clinical molecular diagnostic assay, we identified expressed intergenic fusions as frequent contributors to treatment resistance and poor survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer. The prevalence and biological and prognostic significance of these alterations suggests that their detection may alter clinical management and bring to light new therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Discov; 8(3); 336-53. ©2017 AACR.See related commentary by Natrajan et al., p. 272See related article by Liu et al., p. 354This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 253.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina J Matissek
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maristela L Onozato
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sheng Sun
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zongli Zheng
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew Schultz
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesse Lee
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristofer Patel
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Piiha-Lotta Jerevall
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Srinivas Vinod Saladi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allison Macleay
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mehrad Tavallai
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Carlos Barrios
- Latin America Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG) and Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nuran Beşe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Acibadem Breast Research Institute, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Yanin Chavarri-Guerra
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran, México City D.F., México
| | - Marcio Debiasi
- Latin America Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG) and Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elif Demirdögen
- Departments of Medical Biology, General Surgery, Pathology of Medical Faculty of Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ünal Egeli
- Departments of Medical Biology, General Surgery, Pathology of Medical Faculty of Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sahsuvar Gökgöz
- Departments of Medical Biology, General Surgery, Pathology of Medical Faculty of Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Henry Gomez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, Perú
| | - Pedro Liedke
- Latin America Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG) and Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ismet Tasdelen
- Departments of Medical Biology, General Surgery, Pathology of Medical Faculty of Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sahsine Tolunay
- Departments of Medical Biology, General Surgery, Pathology of Medical Faculty of Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gustavo Werutsky
- Latin America Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG) and Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jessica St Louis
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nora Horick
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dianne M Finkelstein
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Long Phi Le
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul E Goss
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dennis C Sgroi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A John Iafrate
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leif W Ellisen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sachs N, de Ligt J, Kopper O, Gogola E, Bounova G, Weeber F, Balgobind AV, Wind K, Gracanin A, Begthel H, Korving J, van Boxtel R, Duarte AA, Lelieveld D, van Hoeck A, Ernst RF, Blokzijl F, Nijman IJ, Hoogstraat M, van de Ven M, Egan DA, Zinzalla V, Moll J, Boj SF, Voest EE, Wessels L, van Diest PJ, Rottenberg S, Vries RGJ, Cuppen E, Clevers H. A Living Biobank of Breast Cancer Organoids Captures Disease Heterogeneity. Cell 2017; 172:373-386.e10. [PMID: 29224780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1056] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) comprises multiple distinct subtypes that differ genetically, pathologically, and clinically. Here, we describe a robust protocol for long-term culturing of human mammary epithelial organoids. Using this protocol, >100 primary and metastatic BC organoid lines were generated, broadly recapitulating the diversity of the disease. BC organoid morphologies typically matched the histopathology, hormone receptor status, and HER2 status of the original tumor. DNA copy number variations as well as sequence changes were consistent within tumor-organoid pairs and largely retained even after extended passaging. BC organoids furthermore populated all major gene-expression-based classification groups and allowed in vitro drug screens that were consistent with in vivo xeno-transplantations and patient response. This study describes a representative collection of well-characterized BC organoids available for cancer research and drug development, as well as a strategy to assess in vitro drug response in a personalized fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norman Sachs
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Foundation Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joep de Ligt
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Oded Kopper
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ewa Gogola
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gergana Bounova
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Fleur Weeber
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anjali Vanita Balgobind
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Foundation Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Wind
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Gracanin
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harry Begthel
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Korving
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben van Boxtel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Alves Duarte
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daphne Lelieveld
- Cell Screening Core, Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arne van Hoeck
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Frans Ernst
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Francis Blokzijl
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Isaac Johannes Nijman
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marlous Hoogstraat
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), Preclinical Intervention Unit, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Anthony Egan
- Cell Screening Core, Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vittoria Zinzalla
- Pharmacology and Translational Research, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jurgen Moll
- Pharmacology and Translational Research, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Fernandez Boj
- Foundation Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Emile Eugene Voest
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk Wessels
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Faculty of EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Joannes van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Gerhardus Jacob Vries
- Foundation Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Oncode Institute, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Targeting tumor multicellular aggregation through IGPR-1 inhibits colon cancer growth and improves chemotherapy. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e378. [PMID: 28920928 PMCID: PMC5623903 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucially important for survival of normal epithelial cells as detachment from ECM triggers specific apoptosis known as anoikis. As tumor cells lose the requirement for anchorage to ECM, they rely on cell-cell adhesion 'multicellular aggregation' for survival. Multicellular aggregation of tumor cells also significantly determines the sensitivity of tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutics. In this report, we demonstrate that expression of immunoglobulin containing and proline-rich receptor-1 (IGPR-1) is upregulated in human primary colon cancer. Our study demonstrates that IGPR-1 promotes tumor multicellular aggregation, and interfering with its adhesive function inhibits multicellular aggregation and, increases cell death. IGPR-1 supports colon carcinoma tumor xenograft growth in mouse, and inhibiting its activity by shRNA or blocking antibody inhibits tumor growth. More importantly, IGPR-1 regulates sensitivity of tumor cells to the chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin/adriamycin by a mechanism that involves doxorubicin-induced AKT activation and phosphorylation of IGPR-1 at Ser220. Our findings offer novel insight into IGPR-1's role in colorectal tumor growth, tumor chemosensitivity, and as a possible novel anti-cancer target.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kamal M, Holliday DL, Morrison EE, Speirs V, Toomes C, Bell SM. Loss of CSMD1 expression disrupts mammary duct formation while enhancing proliferation, migration and invasion. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:283-292. [PMID: 28534981 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The CUB and sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) gene maps to chromosome 8p23, a region deleted in many cancers. Loss of CSMD1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer suggesting that it acts as a tumour suppressor in this cancer. However, the function of CSMD1 is largely unknown. Herein, we investigated CSMD1 functions in cell line models. CSMD1 expression was suppressed in MCF10A and LNCaP cells using short hairpin RNA. Functional assays were performed focusing on the 'normal' MCF10A cell line. Suppression of CSMD1 significantly increased the proliferation, cell migration and invasiveness of MCF10A cells compared to shcontrols. shCSMD1 cells also showed significantly reduced adhesion to Matrigel and fibronectin. In a three-dimensional Matrigel model of MCF10A cells, reduced CSMD1 expression resulted in the development of larger and more poorly differentiated breast acini-like structures that displayed impaired lumen formation. Loss of CSMD1 expression disrupts a model of mammary duct formation while enhancing proliferation, migration and invasion. Our data suggest that CSMD1 is involved in the suppression of a transformed phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamal
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Deborah L Holliday
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Ewan E Morrison
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Carmel Toomes
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Sandra M Bell
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Santo VE, Rebelo SP, Estrada MF, Alves PM, Boghaert E, Brito C. Drug screening in 3D in vitro tumor models: overcoming current pitfalls of efficacy read-outs. Biotechnol J 2016; 12. [PMID: 27966285 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is cumulating evidence that in vitro 3D tumor models with increased physiological relevance can improve the predictive value of pre-clinical research and ultimately contribute to achieve decisions earlier during the development of cancer-targeted therapies. Due to the role of tumor microenvironment in the response of tumor cells to therapeutics, the incorporation of different elements of the tumor niche on cell model design is expected to contribute to the establishment of more predictive in vitro tumor models. This review is focused on the several challenges and adjustments that the field of oncology research is facing to translate these advanced tumor cells models to drug discovery, taking advantage of the progress on culture technologies, imaging platforms, high throughput and automated systems. The choice of 3D cell model, the experimental design, choice of read-outs and interpretation of data obtained from 3D cell models are critical aspects when considering their implementation in drug discovery. In this review, we foresee some of these aspects and depict the potential directions of pre-clinical oncology drug discovery towards improved prediction of drug efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vítor E Santo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sofia P Rebelo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta F Estrada
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Catarina Brito
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
'Normalizing' the malignant phenotype of luminal breast cancer cells via alpha(v)beta(3)-integrin. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2491. [PMID: 27906177 PMCID: PMC5260995 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Reestablishing tissue organization of breast cancer cells into acini was previously shown to override their malignant phenotype. In our study, we demonstrate that alpha(v)beta(3) integrin (Int-αvβ3), previously shown to play a role in cancer progression, promoted differentiation and growth arrest of organoids derived from luminal A breast cancer cells grown in their relevant three-dimensional microenvironment. These organoids differentiated into normal-like acini resembling a benign stage of breast tissue. Likewise, we demonstrate that Int-αvβ3 is selectively expressed in the epithelium of the benign stage of breast tissues, and is lost during the early stages of luminal A breast cancer progression. Notably, the organoids' reversion into normal-like acini was mediated by cancer luminal progenitor-like cells expressing both EpCAMhighCD49flowCD24+ and Int-αvβ3. Furthermore, downregulation of Notch4 expression and downstream signaling was shown to mediate Int-αvβ3-induced reversion. Intriguingly, when luminal A breast cancer cells expressing Int-αvβ3 were injected into a humanized mouse model, differentiated tumors developed when compared with that generated by control cells. Hence, our data suggest that promoting differentiation of luminal A breast cancer cells by signaling emanating from Int-αvβ3 can potentially promote ‘normalization' of their malignant phenotype and may prevent the malignant cells from progressing.
Collapse
|
29
|
Goddard ET, Hill RC, Barrett A, Betts C, Guo Q, Maller O, Borges VF, Hansen KC, Schedin P. Quantitative extracellular matrix proteomics to study mammary and liver tissue microenvironments. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:223-232. [PMID: 27771439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Normal epithelium exists within a dynamic extracellular matrix (ECM) that is tuned to regulate tissue specific epithelial cell function. As such, ECM contributes to tissue homeostasis, differentiation, and disease, including cancer. Though it is now recognized that the functional unit of normal and transformed epithelium is the epithelial cell and its adjacent ECM, we lack a basic understanding of tissue-specific ECM composition and abundance, as well as how physiologic changes in ECM impact cancer risk and outcomes. While traditional proteomic techniques have advanced to robustly identify ECM proteins within tissues, methods to determine absolute abundance have lagged. Here, with a focus on tissues relevant to breast cancer, we utilize mass spectrometry methods optimized for absolute quantitative ECM analysis. Employing an extensive protein extraction and digestion method, combined with stable isotope labeled Quantitative conCATamer (QconCAT) peptides that serve as internal standards for absolute quantification of protein, we quantify 98 ECM, ECM-associated, and cellular proteins in a single analytical run. In rodent models, we applied this approach to the primary site of breast cancer, the normal mammary gland, as well as a common and particularly deadly site of breast cancer metastasis, the liver. We find that mammary gland and liver have distinct ECM abundance and relative composition. Further, we show mammary gland ECM abundance and relative compositions differ across the reproductive cycle, with the most dramatic changes occurring during the pro-tumorigenic window of weaning-induced involution. Combined, this work suggests ECM candidates for investigation of breast cancer progression and metastasis, particularly in postpartum breast cancers that are characterized by high metastatic rates. Finally, we suggest that with use of absolute quantitative ECM proteomics to characterize tissues of interest, it will be possible to reconstruct more relevant in vitro models to investigate tumor-ECM dynamics at higher resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica T Goddard
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ryan C Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexander Barrett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Courtney Betts
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Qiuchen Guo
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ori Maller
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Virginia F Borges
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA; Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Pepper Schedin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nowak M, Freudenberg U, Tsurkan MV, Werner C, Levental KR. Modular GAG-matrices to promote mammary epithelial morphogenesis in vitro. Biomaterials 2016; 112:20-30. [PMID: 27741500 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix systems used to study complex three-dimensional (3D) cellular processes like mammary epithelial tissue morphogenesis and tumorigenesis ex vivo often require ill-defined biological components, which lead to poor reproducibility and a lack of control over physical parameters. In this study, a well-defined, tunable synthetic biohybrid hydrogel composed of the glycosaminoglycan heparin, star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG), and matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) cleavable crosslinkers was applied to dissect the biophysical and biochemical signals promoting human mammary epithelial cell (MEC) morphogenesis. We show that compliant starPEG-heparin matrices promote the development of polarized MEC acini. Both the presence of heparin and MMP-cleavable crosslinks are essential in facilitating MEC morphogenesis without supplementation of exogenous adhesion ligands. In this system, MECs secrete and organize laminin in basement membrane-like assemblies to promote integrin signaling and drive acinar development. Therefore, starPEG-heparin hydrogels provide a versatile platform to study mammary epithelial tissue morphogenesis in a chemically defined and precisely tunable 3D in vitro microenvironment. The system allows investigation of biophysical and biochemical aspects of mammary gland biology and potentially a variety of other organoid culture studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Nowak
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Mikhail V Tsurkan
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Åkerfelt M, Bayramoglu N, Robinson S, Toriseva M, Schukov HP, Härmä V, Virtanen J, Sormunen R, Kaakinen M, Kannala J, Eklund L, Heikkilä J, Nees M. Automated tracking of tumor-stroma morphology in microtissues identifies functional targets within the tumor microenvironment for therapeutic intervention. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30035-56. [PMID: 26375443 PMCID: PMC4745780 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) constitute an important part of the tumor microenvironment and promote invasion via paracrine functions and physical impact on the tumor. Although the importance of including CAFs into three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures has been acknowledged, computational support for quantitative live-cell measurements of complex cell cultures has been lacking. Here, we have developed a novel automated pipeline to model tumor-stroma interplay, track motility and quantify morphological changes of 3D co-cultures, in real-time live-cell settings. The platform consists of microtissues from prostate cancer cells, combined with CAFs in extracellular matrix that allows biochemical perturbation. Tracking of fibroblast dynamics revealed that CAFs guided the way for tumor cells to invade and increased the growth and invasiveness of tumor organoids. We utilized the platform to determine the efficacy of inhibitors in prostate cancer and the associated tumor microenvironment as a functional unit. Interestingly, certain inhibitors selectively disrupted tumor-CAF interactions, e.g. focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitors specifically blocked tumor growth and invasion concurrently with fibroblast spreading and motility. This complex phenotype was not detected in other standard in vitro models. These results highlight the advantage of our approach, which recapitulates tumor histology and can significantly improve cancer target validation in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malin Åkerfelt
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Turku, FI-20521, Finland
| | - Neslihan Bayramoglu
- Centre for Machine Vision Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Sean Robinson
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland.,University Grenoble Alpes, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, F-38000, France.,CEA, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, F-38000, France.,INSERM, BGE, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Mervi Toriseva
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Turku, FI-20521, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | | | - Ville Härmä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Turku, FI-20521, Finland
| | | | - Raija Sormunen
- Biocenter Oulu and Department of Pathology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, FI-90220, Finland
| | - Mika Kaakinen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Juho Kannala
- Centre for Machine Vision Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Lauri Eklund
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Janne Heikkilä
- Centre for Machine Vision Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Matthias Nees
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Turku, FI-20521, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vantangoli MM, Madnick SJ, Wilson S, Boekelheide K. Estradiol Exposure Differentially Alters Monolayer versus Microtissue MCF-7 Human Breast Carcinoma Cultures. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157997. [PMID: 27379522 PMCID: PMC4933361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of three-dimensional (3D) cultures is increasing, as they are able to provide the utility of in vitro models and the strength of testing in physiologically relevant systems. When cultured in a scaffold-free agarose hydrogel system, MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells organize and develop into microtissues that contain a luminal space, in stark contrast to the flat morphology of MCF-7 two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures. Following exposure to 1nM E2, expression of typical estrogen-responsive genes, including progesterone receptor (PGR), PDZ containing domain 1 (PDZK1) and amphiregulin (AREG) is increased in both 2D and 3D cultures. When examining expression of other genes, particularly those involved in cell adhesion, there were large changes in 3D MCF-7 microtissues, with little to no change observed in the MCF-7 monolayer cultures. Together, these results indicate that while the initial estrogen-regulated transcriptional targets respond similarly in 2D and 3D cultures, there are large differences in activation of other pathways related to cell-cell interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite M. Vantangoli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence RI 02903, United States of America
| | - Samantha J. Madnick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence RI 02903, United States of America
| | - Shelby Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence RI 02903, United States of America
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence RI 02903, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Herroon MK, Sharma R, Rajagurubandara E, Turro C, Kodanko JJ, Podgorski I. Photoactivated inhibition of cathepsin K in a 3D tumor model. Biol Chem 2016; 397:571-82. [PMID: 26901495 PMCID: PMC5901740 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2015-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Collagenolytic activity of cathepsin K is important for many physiological and pathological processes including osteoclast-mediated bone degradation, macrophage function and fibroblast-mediated matrix remodeling. Here, we report application of a light-activated inhibitor for controlling activity of cathepsin K in a 3D functional imaging assay. Using prostate carcinoma cell line engineered to overexpress cathepsin K, we demonstrate the utility of the proteolytic assay in living tumor spheroids for the evaluation and quantification of the inhibitor effects on cathepsin K-mediated collagen I degradation. Importantly, we also show that utilizing the ruthenium-caged version of a potent nitrile cathepsin K inhibitor (4), cis-[Ru(bpy)2(4)2](BF4)2 (5), offers significant advantage in terms of effective concentration of the inhibitor and especially its light-activated control in the 3D assay. Our results suggest that light activation provides a suitable, attractive approach for spatial and temporal control of proteolytic activity, which remains a critical, unmet need in treatment of human diseases, especially cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie K. Herroon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Rajgopal Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Erandi Rajagurubandara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jeremy J. Kodanko
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA; and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Herroon MK, Diedrich JD, Podgorski I. New 3D-Culture Approaches to Study Interactions of Bone Marrow Adipocytes with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:84. [PMID: 27458427 PMCID: PMC4933721 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are a major component of the bone marrow that can critically affect metastatic progression in bone. Understanding how the marrow fat cells influence growth, behavior, and survival of tumor cells requires utilization of in vitro cell systems that can closely mimic the physiological microenvironment. Herein, we present two new three-dimensional (3D) culture approaches to study adipocyte-tumor cell interactions in vitro. The first is a transwell-based system composed of the marrow-derived adipocytes in 3D collagen I gels and reconstituted basement membrane-overlayed prostate tumor cell spheroids. Tumor cells cultured under these 3D conditions are continuously exposed to adipocyte-derived factors, and their response can be evaluated by morphological and immunohistochemical analyses. We show via immunofluorescence analysis of metabolism-associated proteins that under 3D conditions tumor cells have significantly different metabolic response to adipocytes than tumor cells grown in 2D culture. We also demonstrate that this model allows for incorporation of other cell types, such as bone marrow macrophages, and utilization of dye-quenched collagen substrates for examination of proteolysis-driven responses to adipocyte- and macrophage-derived factors. Our second 3D culture system is designed to study tumor cell invasion toward the adipocytes and the consequent interaction between the two cell types. In this model, marrow adipocytes are separated from the fluorescently labeled tumor cells by a layer of collagen I. At designated time points, adipocytes are stained with BODIPY and confocal z-stacks are taken through the depth of the entire culture to determine the distance traveled between the two cell types over time. We demonstrate that this system can be utilized to study effects of candidate factors on tumor invasion toward the adipocytes. We also show that immunohistochemical analyses can be performed to evaluate the impact of direct interaction of prostate tumor cells with adipocytes. Our models underline the importance of using the appropriate culture conditions to mimic physiological interactions between marrow adipocytes and metastatic tumor cells. These systems have a potential to be utilized for analyses of various factors that may be regulated by the adipocytes in bone. Their application likely extends beyond metastatic prostate cancer to other tumors that colonize the bone marrow microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Driscoll Diedrich
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- *Correspondence: Izabela Podgorski,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chandhoke AS, Karve K, Dadakhujaev S, Netherton S, Deng L, Bonni S. The ubiquitin ligase Smurf2 suppresses TGFβ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in a sumoylation-regulated manner. Cell Death Differ 2015; 23:876-88. [PMID: 26679521 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental cellular process in epithelial tissue development, and can be reactivated in cancer contributing to tumor invasiveness and metastasis. The cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a key inducer of EMT, but the mechanisms that regulate TGFβ-induced EMT remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that knockdown of the ubiquitin ligase Smurf2 promotes the ability of TGFβ to induce EMT in a three-dimensional cell culture model of NMuMG mammary epithelial cells. In other studies, we identify Smurf2 as a target of the small ubiquitin like modifier (SUMO) pathway. We find that the SUMO-E2 conjugating enzyme Ubc9 and the SUMO E3 ligase PIAS3 associate with Smurf2 and promote its sumoylation at the distinct sites of Lysines 26 and 369. The sumoylation of Smurf2 enhances its ability to induce the degradation of the TGFβ receptor and thereby suppresses EMT in NMuMG cells. Collectively, our data reveal that Smurf2 acts in a sumoylation-regulated manner to suppress TGFβ-induced EMT. These findings have significant implications for our understanding of epithelial tissue development and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Chandhoke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - K Karve
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - S Dadakhujaev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - S Netherton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - L Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - S Bonni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Clocchiatti A, Di Giorgio E, Viviani G, Streuli C, Sgorbissa A, Picco R, Cutano V, Brancolini C. The MEF2-HDAC axis controls proliferation of mammary epithelial cells and acini formation in vitro. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3961-76. [PMID: 26403201 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.170357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The myocyte enhancer factor 2 and histone deacetylase (MEF2-HDAC) axis is a master regulator of different developmental programs and adaptive responses in adults. In this paper, we have investigated the contribution of the axis to the regulation of epithelial morphogenesis, using 3D organotypic cultures of MCF10A cells as a model. We have demonstrated that MEF2 transcriptional activity is upregulated during acini formation, which coincides with exit from the proliferative phase. Upregulation of the transcription of MEF2 proteins is coupled to downregulation of HDAC7, which occurs independently from changes in mRNA levels, and proteasome- or autophagy-mediated degradation. During acini formation, the MEF2-HDAC axis contributes to the promotion of cell cycle exit, through the engagement of the CDK inhibitor CDKN1A. Only in proliferating cells can HDAC7 bind to the first intron of the CDKN1A gene, a region characterized by epigenetic markers of active promoters and enhancers. In cells transformed by the oncogene HER2 (ERBB2), acini morphogenesis is altered, MEF2 transcription is repressed and HDAC7 is continuously expressed. Importantly, reactivation of MEF2 transcriptional activity in these cells, through the use of a HER2 inhibitor or by enhancing MEF2 function, corrected the proliferative defect and re-established normal acini morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Clocchiatti
- Dipartiment of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Eros Di Giorgio
- Dipartiment of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Giulia Viviani
- Dipartiment of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Charles Streuli
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrea Sgorbissa
- Dipartiment of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Raffaella Picco
- Dipartiment of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Valentina Cutano
- Dipartiment of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Claudio Brancolini
- Dipartiment of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, Udine 33100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Prolactin/Jak2 directs apical/basal polarization and luminal linage maturation of mammary epithelial cells through regulation of the Erk1/2 pathway. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:376-83. [PMID: 26318719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue development/remodeling requires modulations in both cellular architecture and phenotype. Aberration in these processes leads to tumorigenesis. During the pregnancy/lactation cycle the mammary epithelial cells undergo complex morphological and phenotypic programs resulting in the acquisition of apical/basal (A/B) polarization and cellular maturation necessary for proper lactation. Still the hormonal regulations and cellular mechanisms controlling these events are not entirely elucidated. Here we show that prolactin (PRL)/Jak2 pathway in mammary epithelial cells uniquely signals to establish A/B polarity as determined by the apical localization of the tight junction protein zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) and the basal/lateral localization of E-cadherin, and the apical trafficking of lipid droplets. As well, our results indicate that this pathway regulates mammary stem cell hierarchy by inducing the differentiation of luminal progenitor (EpCAMhi/CD49fhi) cells to mature luminal (EpCAMhi/CD49flow) cells. Moreover, our data indicate that PRL/Jak2 coordinates both of these cellular events through limiting the mitogen activated protein kinase (Erk1/2) pathway. Together our findings define a novel unifying mechanism coupling mammary epithelial cell A/B polarization and terminal differentiation.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have long been recognized as a tool for the study of tissue architecture, polarity, and invasion. However, only recently these systems have been used to study centrosome and cilia functions. Studying these organelles in 3D cultures has elucidated new functions that otherwise would have been overlooked, demonstrating the value of these experimental systems to the field. Here we describe a culture method to study mammary epithelial cells in a 3D environment.
Collapse
|
39
|
Marshall LE, Goliwas KF, Miller LM, Penman AD, Frost AR, Berry JL. Flow-perfusion bioreactor system for engineered breast cancer surrogates to be used in preclinical testing. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1242-1250. [PMID: 25950420 DOI: 10.1002/term.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for preclinical testing systems that predict the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of cancer therapies better than existing in vitro and in vivo animal models. An approach to the development of predictive in vitro systems is to more closely recapitulate the cellular and spatial complexity of human cancers. One limitation of using current in vitro systems to model cancers is the lack of an appropriately large volume to accommodate the development of this complexity over time. To address this limitation, we have designed and constructed a novel flow-perfusion bioreactor system that can support large-volume, engineered tissue comprised of multicellular cancer surrogates by modifying current microfluidic devices. Key features of this technology are a three-dimensional (3D) volume (1.2 cm3 ) that has greater tissue thickness than is utilized in existing microfluidic systems and the ability to perfuse the volume, enabling the development of realistic tumour geometry. The constructs were fabricated by infiltrating porous carbon foams with an extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel and engineering through-microchannels. The carbon foam structurally supported the hydrogel and microchannel patency for up to 161 h. The ECM hydrogel was shown to adhere to the carbon foam and polydimethylsiloxane flow chamber, which housed the hydrogel-foam construct, when surfaces were coated with glutaraldehyde (carbon foam) and nitric acid (polydimethylsiloxane). Additionally, the viability of breast cancer cells and fibroblasts was higher in the presence of perfused microchannels in comparison to similar preparations without microchannels or perfusion. Therefore, the flow-perfusion bioreactor system supports cell viability in volume and stromal contexts that are physiologically-relevant. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Marshall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kayla F Goliwas
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lindsay M Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Andra R Frost
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joel L Berry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Avasarala S, Van Scoyk M, Karuppusamy Rathinam MK, Zerayesus S, Zhao X, Zhang W, Pergande MR, Borgia JA, DeGregori J, Port JD, Winn RA, Bikkavilli RK. PRMT1 Is a Novel Regulator of Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13479-89. [PMID: 25847239 PMCID: PMC4505594 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.636050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyl transferase 1 (PRMT1) was shown to be up-regulated in cancers and important for cancer cell proliferation. However, the role of PRMT1 in lung cancer progression and metastasis remains incompletely understood. In the present study, we show that PRMT1 is an important regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer cell migration, and invasion, which are essential processes during cancer progression, and metastasis. Additionally, we have identified Twist1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor and a well-known E-cadherin repressor, as a novel PRMT1 substrate. Taken together, we show that PRMT1 is a novel regulator of EMT and arginine 34 (Arg-34) methylation of Twist1 as a unique "methyl arginine mark" for active E-cadherin repression. Therefore, targeting PRMT1-mediated Twist1 methylation might represent a novel strategy for developing new anti-invasive/anti-metastatic drugs. Moreover, methylated Twist1 (Arg-34), as such, could also emerge as a potential important biomarker for lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sereke Zerayesus
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, and
| | - Xiangmin Zhao
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, and
| | - Wei Zhang
- the Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Melissa R Pergande
- the Department of Pathology and Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
| | - Jeffrey A Borgia
- the Department of Pathology and Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
| | | | - J David Port
- the Departments of Medicine, Cardiology and Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Robert A Winn
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, and
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bartlett R, Everett W, Lim S, G N, Loizidou M, Jell G, Tan A, Seifalian AM. Personalized in vitro cancer modeling - fantasy or reality? Transl Oncol 2014; 7:657-64. [PMID: 25500073 PMCID: PMC4311045 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With greater technological advancements and understanding of pathophysiology, “personalized medicine” has become a more realistic goal. In the field of cancer, personalized medicine is the ultimate objective, as each cancer is unique and each tumor is heterogeneous. For many decades, researchers have relied upon studying the histopathology of tumors in the hope that it would provide clues to understanding the pathophysiology of cancer. Current preclinical research relies heavily upon two-dimensional culture models. However, these models have had limited success in recreating the complex interactions between cancer cells and the stroma environment in vivo. Thus, there is increasing impetus to shift to three-dimensional models, which more accurately reflect this phenomenon. With a more accurate in vitro tumor model, drug sensitivity can be tested to determine the best treatment option based on the tumor characteristics. Many methods have been developed to create tumor models or “tumoroids,” each with its advantages and limitations. One significant problem faced is the replication of angiogenesis that is characteristic of tumors in vivo. Nonetheless, if three-dimensional models could be standardized and implemented as a preclinical research tool for therapeutic testing, we would be taking a step towards making personalized cancer medicine a reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bartlett
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Research Department of Nanotechnology, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK; UCL Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - William Everett
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Research Department of Nanotechnology, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK; UCL Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Santi Lim
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Research Department of Nanotechnology, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK; UCL Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Natasha G
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Research Department of Nanotechnology, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK; UCL Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Research Department of Nanotechnology, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Gavin Jell
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Research Department of Nanotechnology, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Aaron Tan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Research Department of Nanotechnology, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK; UCL Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK; Biomaterials & Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory (BioADD), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Research Department of Nanotechnology, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wheeler SE, Clark AM, Taylor DP, Young CL, Pillai VC, Stolz DB, Venkataramanan R, Lauffenburger D, Griffith L, Wells A. Spontaneous dormancy of metastatic breast cancer cells in an all human liver microphysiologic system. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:2342-50. [PMID: 25314052 PMCID: PMC4264444 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metastatic outgrowth in breast cancer can occur years after a seeming cure. Existing model systems of dormancy are limited as they do not recapitulate human metastatic dormancy without exogenous manipulations and are unable to query early events of micrometastases. Methods: Here, we describe a human ex vivo hepatic microphysiologic system. The system is established with fresh human hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) creating a microenvironment into which breast cancer cells (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) are added. Results: The hepatic tissue maintains function through 15 days as verified by liver-specific protein production and drug metabolism assays. The NPCs form an integral part of the hepatic niche, demonstrated within the system through their participation in differential signalling cascades and cancer cell outcomes. Breast cancer cells intercalate into the hepatic niche without interfering with hepatocyte function. Examination of cancer cells demonstrated that a significant subset enter a quiescent state of dormancy as shown by lack of cell cycling (EdU− or Ki67−). The presence of NPCs altered the cancer cell fraction entering quiescence, and lead to differential cytokine profiles in the microenvironment effluent. Conclusions: These findings establish the liver microphysiologic system as a relevant model for the study of breast cancer metastases and entry into dormancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S E Wheeler
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, S711 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A M Clark
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, S711 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D P Taylor
- 1] Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, S711 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C L Young
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - V C Pillai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D B Stolz
- 1] Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, S711 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [3] McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [4] University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R Venkataramanan
- 1] Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, S711 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - L Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Wells
- 1] Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, S711 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [3] McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [4] University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [5] Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Three-dimensional in vitro co-culture model of breast tumor using magnetic levitation. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6468. [PMID: 25270048 PMCID: PMC4180823 DOI: 10.1038/srep06468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigate a novel in vitro model to mimic heterogeneous breast tumors without the use of a scaffold while allowing for cell-cell and tumor-fibroblast interactions. Previous studies have shown that magnetic levitation system under conventional culturing conditions results in the formation of three-dimensional (3D) structures, closely resembling in vivo tissues (fat tissue, vasculature, etc.). Three-dimensional heterogeneous tumor models for breast cancer were designed to effectively model the influences of the tumor microenvironment on drug efficiency. Various breast cancer cells were co-cultured with fibroblasts and then magnetically levitated. Size and cell density of the resulting tumors were measured. The model was phenotypically compared to in vivo tumors and examined for the presence of ECM proteins. Lastly, the effects of tumor stroma in the 3D in vitro model on drug transport and efficiency were assessed. Our data suggest that the proposed 3D in vitro breast tumor is advantageous due to the ability to: (1) form large-sized (millimeter in diameter) breast tumor models within 24 h; (2) control tumor cell composition and density; (3) accurately mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment; and (4) test drug efficiency in an in vitro model that is comparable to in vivo tumors.
Collapse
|
44
|
Ikeuchi Y, Dadakhujaev S, Chandhoke AS, Huynh MA, Oldenborg A, Ikeuchi M, Deng L, Bennett EJ, Harper JW, Bonni A, Bonni S. TIF1γ protein regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition by operating as a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase for the transcriptional regulator SnoN1. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:25067-78. [PMID: 25059663 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.575878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental cellular process that contributes to epithelial tissue morphogenesis during normal development and in tumor invasiveness and metastasis. The transcriptional regulator SnoN robustly influences EMT in response to the cytokine TGFβ, but the mechanisms that regulate the fundamental role of SnoN in TGFβ-induced EMT are not completely understood. Here we employ interaction proteomics to uncover the signaling protein TIF1γ as a specific interactor of SnoN1 but not the closely related isoform SnoN2. A 16-amino acid peptide within a unique region of SnoN1 mediates the interaction of SnoN1 with TIF1γ. Strikingly, although TIF1γ is thought to act as a ubiquitin E3 ligase, we find that TIF1γ operates as a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase that promotes the sumoylation of SnoN1 at distinct lysine residues. Importantly, TIF1γ-induced sumoylation is required for the ability of SnoN1 to suppress TGFβ-induced EMT, as assayed by the disruption of the morphogenesis of acini in a physiologically relevant three-dimensional model of normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) epithelial cells. Collectively, our findings define a novel TIF1γ-SnoN1 sumoylation pathway that plays a critical role in EMT and has important implications for our understanding of TGFβ signaling and diverse biological processes in normal development and cancer biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiho Ikeuchi
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, the Departments of Neurobiology and
| | - Shorafidinkhuja Dadakhujaev
- the Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Amrita S Chandhoke
- the Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | | | - Anna Oldenborg
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | | | - Lili Deng
- the Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Eric J Bennett
- Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
| | - J Wade Harper
- Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
| | - Azad Bonni
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, the Departments of Neurobiology and
| | - Shirin Bonni
- the Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xu S, Yang Y, Dong L, Qiu W, Yang L, Wang X, Liu L. Construction and characteristics of an E-cadherin-related three-dimensional suspension growth model of ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5646. [PMID: 25008268 PMCID: PMC5381612 DOI: 10.1038/srep05646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest of all gynecologic malignancies. Metastatic ovarian cancer cells exist mainly in the form of multi-cellular spheroids (MCSs) in the ascites of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. We hypothesized that E-cadherin, as an important cell-adhesion molecule, might play an important role in the formation and survival of MCSs. Therefore, we established a three-dimensional suspension culture model of ovarian cancer cells that express high levels of E-cadherin to investigate their growth, proliferation, and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs by CCK-8 assays. Compared to the cell suspension masses formed by cells with low or absent E-cadherin expression, the MCSs of high E-cadherin SKOV-3 cells had larger volumes, tighter cellular connections, and longer survival times. Although the suspension cell masses of all three cell lines were proliferatively stagnant, possibly due to cell cycle arrest at G1/S, cell mortality at 72 h after cisplatin treatment was significantly decreased in the high E-cadherin SKOV-3 cells compared to SKOV-3 cells without E-cadherin expression and to OVCAR-3 cells with low E-cadherin expression. We conclude, therefore, E-cadherin plays a vital role in MCS formation, maintenance, and drug resistance in ovarian cancer and could be a potential target for late-stage ovarian cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ya'nan Yang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lingling Dong
- Department of Cancer, Weifang Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Wenlong Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Medical School of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cvetković D, Goertzen CGF, Bhattacharya M. Quantification of breast cancer cell invasiveness using a three-dimensional (3D) model. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24961804 DOI: 10.3791/51341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well known that the cellular and tissue microenvironment are critical regulators influencing tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been demonstrated to be a critical regulator of cell behavior in culture and homeostasis in vivo. The current approach of culturing cells on two-dimensional (2D), plastic surfaces results in the disturbance and loss of complex interactions between cells and their microenvironment. Through the use of three-dimensional (3D) culture assays, the conditions for cell-microenvironment interaction are established resembling the in vivo microenvironment. This article provides a detailed methodology to grow breast cancer cells in a 3D basement membrane protein matrix, exemplifying the potential of 3D culture in the assessment of cell invasion into the surrounding environment. In addition, we discuss how these 3D assays have the potential to examine the loss of signaling molecules that regulate epithelial morphology by immunostaining procedures. These studies aid to identify important mechanistic details into the processes regulating invasion, required for the spread of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donna Cvetković
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario
| | | | - Moshmi Bhattacharya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario; Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute;
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Clark AM, Wheeler SE, Taylor DP, Pillai VC, Young CL, Prantil-Baun R, Nguyen T, Stolz DB, Borenstein JT, Lauffenburger DA, Venkataramanan R, Griffith LG, Wells A. A microphysiological system model of therapy for liver micrometastases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1170-9. [PMID: 24821820 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214532596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for almost 90% of cancer-associated mortality. The effectiveness of cancer therapeutics is limited by the protective microenvironment of the metastatic niche and consequently these disseminated tumors remain incurable. Metastatic disease progression continues to be poorly understood due to the lack of appropriate model systems. To address this gap in understanding, we propose an all-human microphysiological system that facilitates the investigation of cancer behavior in the liver metastatic niche. This existing LiverChip is a 3D-system modeling the hepatic niche; it incorporates a full complement of human parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells and effectively recapitulates micrometastases. Moreover, this system allows real-time monitoring of micrometastasis and assessment of human-specific signaling. It is being utilized to further our understanding of the efficacy of chemotherapeutics by examining the activity of established and novel agents on micrometastases under conditions replicating diurnal variations in hormones, nutrients and mild inflammatory states using programmable microdispensers. These inputs affect the cues that govern tumor cell responses. Three critical signaling groups are targeted: the glucose/insulin responses, the stress hormone cortisol and the gut microbiome in relation to inflammatory cues. Currently, the system sustains functioning hepatocytes for a minimum of 15 days; confirmed by monitoring hepatic function (urea, α-1-antitrypsin, fibrinogen, and cytochrome P450) and injury (AST and ALT). Breast cancer cell lines effectively integrate into the hepatic niche without detectable disruption to tissue, and preliminary evidence suggests growth attenuation amongst a subpopulation of breast cancer cells. xMAP technology combined with systems biology modeling are also employed to evaluate cellular crosstalk and illustrate communication networks in the early microenvironment of micrometastases. This model is anticipated to identify new therapeutic strategies for metastasis by elucidating the paracrine effects between the hepatic and metastatic cells, while concurrently evaluating agent efficacy for metastasis, metabolism and tolerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Clark
- Departments of Pathology, Cell Biology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bioengineering, and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sarah E Wheeler
- Departments of Pathology, Cell Biology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bioengineering, and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Donald P Taylor
- Departments of Pathology, Cell Biology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bioengineering, and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Venkateswaran C Pillai
- Departments of Pathology, Cell Biology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bioengineering, and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Carissa L Young
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02319, USA
| | | | - Transon Nguyen
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Departments of Pathology, Cell Biology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bioengineering, and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02319, USA
| | - Raman Venkataramanan
- Departments of Pathology, Cell Biology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bioengineering, and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Linda G Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02319, USA
| | - Alan Wells
- Departments of Pathology, Cell Biology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bioengineering, and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Weigelt B, Ghajar CM, Bissell MJ. The need for complex 3D culture models to unravel novel pathways and identify accurate biomarkers in breast cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 69-70:42-51. [PMID: 24412474 PMCID: PMC4186247 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent cataloging of the genomic aberrations in breast cancer has revealed the diversity and complexity of the disease at the genetic level. To unravel the functional consequences of specific repertoires of mutations and copy number changes on signaling pathways in breast cancer, it is crucial to develop model systems that truly recapitulate the disease. Here we discuss the three-dimensional culture models currently being used or recently developed for the study of normal mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer, including primary tumors and dormancy. We discuss the insights gained from these models in regards to cell signaling and potential therapeutic strategies, and the challenges that need to be met for the generation of heterotypic breast cancer model systems that are amenable for high-throughput approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial-Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Cyrus M Ghajar
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mina J Bissell
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kim M, Reed D, Rejniak KA. The formation of tight tumor clusters affects the efficacy of cell cycle inhibitors: a hybrid model study. J Theor Biol 2014; 352:31-50. [PMID: 24607745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are vital in regulating cell cycle progression, and, thus, in highly proliferating tumor cells CDK inhibitors are gaining interest as potential anticancer agents. Clonogenic assay experiments are frequently used to determine drug efficacy against the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. While the anticancer mechanisms of drugs are usually described at the intracellular single-cell level, the experimental measurements are sampled from the entire cancer cell population. This approach may lead to discrepancies between the experimental observations and theoretical explanations of anticipated drug mechanisms. To determine how individual cell responses to drugs that inhibit CDKs affect the growth of cancer cell populations, we developed a spatially explicit hybrid agent-based model. In this model, each cell is equipped with internal cell cycle regulation mechanisms, but it is also able to interact physically with its neighbors. We model cell cycle progression, focusing on the G1 and G2/M cell cycle checkpoints, as well as on related essential components, such as CDK1, CDK2, cell size, and DNA damage. We present detailed studies of how the emergent properties (e.g., cluster formation) of an entire cell population depend on altered physical and physiological parameters. We analyze the effects of CDK1 and CKD2 inhibitors on population growth, time-dependent changes in cell cycle distributions, and the dynamic evolution of spatial cell patterns. We show that cell cycle inhibitors that cause cell arrest at different cell cycle phases are not necessarily synergistically super-additive. Finally, we demonstrate that the physical aspects of cell population growth, such as the formation of tight cell clusters versus dispersed colonies, alter the efficacy of cell cycle inhibitors, both in 2D and 3D simulations. This finding may have implications for interpreting the treatment efficacy results of in vitro experiments, in which treatment is applied before the cells can grow to produce clusters, especially because in vivo tumors, in contrast, form large masses before they are detected and treated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munju Kim
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Damon Reed
- Sarcoma Program, Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Katarzyna A Rejniak
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Oncologic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wheeler SE, Borenstein JT, Clark AM, Ebrahimkhani MR, Fox IJ, Griffith L, Inman W, Lauffenburger D, Nguyen T, Pillai VC, Prantil-Baun R, Stolz DB, Taylor D, Ulrich T, Venkataramanan R, Wells A, Young C. All-human microphysical model of metastasis therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4 Suppl 1:S11. [PMID: 24565274 PMCID: PMC4028965 DOI: 10.1186/scrt372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of cancer mortalities result from distant metastases. The metastatic microenvironment provides unique protection to ectopic tumors as the primary tumors often respond to specific agents. Although significant interventional progress has been made on primary tumors, the lack of relevant accessible model in vitro systems in which to study metastases has plagued metastatic therapeutic development - particularly among micrometastases. A real-time, all-human model of metastatic seeding and cancer cells that recapitulate metastatic growth and can be probed in real time by a variety of measures and challenges would provide a critical window into the pathophysiology of metastasis and pharmacology of metastatic tumor resistance. To achieve this we are advancing our microscale bioreactor that incorporates human hepatocytes, human nonparenchymal liver cells, and human breast cancer cells to mimic the hepatic niche in three dimensions with functional tissue. This bioreactor is instrumented with oxygen sensors, micropumps capable of generating diurnally varying profiles of nutrients and hormones, while enabling real-time sampling. Since the liver is a major metastatic site for a wide variety of carcinomas and other tumors, this bioreactor uniquely allows us to more accurately recreate the human metastatic microenvironment and probe the paracrine effects between the liver parenchyma and metastatic cells. Further, as the liver is the principal site of xenobiotic metabolism, this reactor will help us investigate the chemotherapeutic response within a metabolically challenged liver microenvironment. This model is anticipated to yield markers of metastatic behavior and pharmacologic metabolism that will enable better clinical monitoring, and will guide the design of clinical studies to understand drug efficacy and safety in cancer therapeutics. This highly instrumented bioreactor format, hosting a growing tumor within a microenvironment and monitoring its responses, is readily transferable to other organs, giving this work impact beyond the liver.
Collapse
|