1
|
Imaoka T, Nishimura M, Daino K, Kakinuma S. Modifiers of radiation effects on breast cancer incidence revealed by a reanalysis of archival data of rat experiments. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:273-283. [PMID: 36621884 PMCID: PMC10036094 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer risk after exposure to ionizing radiation can vary between individuals and populations, but the impact of factors governing those variations is not well understood. We previously conducted a series of carcinogenesis experiments using a rat model of breast cancer, in which 1654 rats born in 2002-2012 were exposed to γ rays at various doses and ages with or without non-radiation factors including high-fat diet, parity and chemical carcinogens. We herein reanalyze the incidence data from these archival experiments to clarify the effect of age at exposure, attained age, radiation dose and non-radiation factors (i.e. fat, parity, chemicals and birth cohorts) on radiation-related mammary cancer incidence. The analysis used excess relative risk (ERR) and excess absolute risk (EAR) models as well as generalized interaction models. Age-at-exposure dependence displayed a peak of susceptibility at puberty in both the ERR and EAR models. Attained age decreased ERR and increased EAR per unit radiation dose. The dose response was concordant with a linear model. Dietary fat exhibited a supra-multiplicative interaction, chemicals represented a multiplicative interaction, and parity and birth cohorts displayed interactions that did not significantly depart from additivity or multiplicativity. Treated as one entity, the four non-radiation factors gave a multiplicative interaction, but separation of the four factors significantly improved the fit of the model. Thus, the present study supports age and dose dependence observed in epidemiology, indicates heterogenous interactions between radiation and various non-radiation factors, and suggests the potential use of more flexible interaction modeling in radiological protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan. E-mail: ; Fax: +81-432064138
| | - Mayumi Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Daino
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bustamante-Marin XM, Merlino JL, Devericks E, Carson MS, Hursting SD, Stewart DA. Mechanistic Targets and Nutritionally Relevant Intervention Strategies to Break Obesity-Breast Cancer Links. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:632284. [PMID: 33815289 PMCID: PMC8011316 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.632284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity has tripled since 1975. In the United States, the percentage of adults who are obese exceeds 42.5%. Individuals with obesity often display multiple metabolic perturbations, such as insulin resistance and persistent inflammation, which can suppress the immune system. These alterations in homeostatic mechanisms underlie the clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome, an established risk factor for many cancers, including breast cancer. Within the growth-promoting, proinflammatory milieu of the obese state, crosstalk between adipocytes, immune cells and breast epithelial cells occurs via obesity-associated hormones, angiogenic factors, cytokines, and other mediators that can enhance breast cancer risk and/or progression. This review synthesizes evidence on the biological mechanisms underlying obesity-breast cancer links, with emphasis on emerging mechanism-based interventions in the context of nutrition, using modifiable elements of diet alone or paired with physical activity, to reduce the burden of obesity on breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenna L. Merlino
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Emily Devericks
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Meredith S. Carson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Delisha A. Stewart
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pinhel MAS, Noronha NY, Nicoletti CF, Pereira VAB, de Oliveira BAP, Cortes-Oliveira C, Salgado W, Barbosa F, Marchini JS, Souza DRS, Nonino CB. Changes in DNA Methylation and Gene Expression of Insulin and Obesity-Related Gene PIK3R1 after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4476. [PMID: 32599690 PMCID: PMC7352760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight regulation and the magnitude of weight loss after a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) can be genetically determined. DNA methylation patterns and the expression of some genes can be altered after weight loss interventions, including RYGB. The present study aimed to evaluate how the gene expression and DNA methylation of PIK3R1, an obesity and insulin-related gene, change after RYGB. Blood samples were obtained from 13 women (35.9 ± 9.2 years) with severe obesity before and six months after surgical procedure. Whole blood transcriptome and epigenomic patterns were assessed by microarray-based, genome-wide technologies. A total of 1966 differentially expressed genes were identified in the pre- and postoperative periods of RYGB. From these, we observed that genes involved in obesity and insulin pathways were upregulated after surgery. Then, the PIK3R1 gene was selected for further RT-qPCR analysis and cytosine-guanine nucleotide (CpG) sites methylation evaluation. We observed that the PI3KR1 gene was upregulated, and six DNA methylation CpG sites were differently methylated after bariatric surgery. In conclusion, we found that RYGB upregulates genes involved in obesity and insulin pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela A S Pinhel
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics Studies, Health Science Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (C.F.N.); (V.A.B.P.); (B.A.P.d.O.); (C.C.-O.); (W.S.J.); (J.S.M.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil;
| | - Natália Y Noronha
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics Studies, Health Science Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (C.F.N.); (V.A.B.P.); (B.A.P.d.O.); (C.C.-O.); (W.S.J.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Carolina F Nicoletti
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics Studies, Health Science Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (C.F.N.); (V.A.B.P.); (B.A.P.d.O.); (C.C.-O.); (W.S.J.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Vanessa AB Pereira
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics Studies, Health Science Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (C.F.N.); (V.A.B.P.); (B.A.P.d.O.); (C.C.-O.); (W.S.J.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Bruno AP de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics Studies, Health Science Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (C.F.N.); (V.A.B.P.); (B.A.P.d.O.); (C.C.-O.); (W.S.J.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Cristiana Cortes-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics Studies, Health Science Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (C.F.N.); (V.A.B.P.); (B.A.P.d.O.); (C.C.-O.); (W.S.J.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Wilson Salgado
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics Studies, Health Science Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (C.F.N.); (V.A.B.P.); (B.A.P.d.O.); (C.C.-O.); (W.S.J.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil;
| | - Júlio S Marchini
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics Studies, Health Science Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (C.F.N.); (V.A.B.P.); (B.A.P.d.O.); (C.C.-O.); (W.S.J.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Doroteia RS Souza
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil;
| | - Carla B Nonino
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics Studies, Health Science Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (C.F.N.); (V.A.B.P.); (B.A.P.d.O.); (C.C.-O.); (W.S.J.); (J.S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gelsomino L, Giordano C, La Camera G, Sisci D, Marsico S, Campana A, Tarallo R, Rinaldi A, Fuqua S, Leggio A, Grande F, Bonofiglio D, Andò S, Barone I, Catalano S. Leptin Signaling Contributes to Aromatase Inhibitor Resistant Breast Cancer Cell Growth and Activation of Macrophages. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040543. [PMID: 32260113 PMCID: PMC7226081 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents a risk factor for breast cancer development and therapy resistance, but the molecular players underling these links are unclear. Here, we identify a role for the obesity-cytokine leptin in sustaining aromatase inhibitor (AI) resistant growth and progression in breast cancer. Using as experimental models MCF-7 breast cancer cells surviving long-term treatment with the AI anastrozole (AnaR) and Ana-sensitive counterparts, we found that AnaR cells expressed higher levels of leptin and its receptors (ObR) along with a constitutive activation of downstream effectors. Accordingly, leptin signaling inhibition reduced only AnaR cell growth and motility, highlighting the existence of an autocrine loop in mechanisms governing drug-resistant phenotypes. In agreement with ObR overexpression, increasing doses of leptin were able to stimulate to a greater extent growth and migration in AnaR than sensitive cells. Moreover, leptin contributed to enhanced crosstalk between AnaR cells and macrophages within the tumor microenvironment. Indeed, AnaR, through leptin secretion, modulated macrophage profiles and increased macrophage motility through CXCR4 signaling, as evidenced by RNA-sequencing, real-time PCR, and immunoblotting. Reciprocally, activated macrophages increased AnaR cell growth and motility in coculture systems. In conclusion, acquired AI resistance is accompanied by the development of a leptin-driven phenotype, highlighting the potential clinical benefit of targeting this cytokine network in hormone-resistant breast cancers, especially in obese women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Giusi La Camera
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Diego Sisci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Stefania Marsico
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Antonella Campana
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (R.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Antonio Rinaldi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (R.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Suzanne Fuqua
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: 600 N1220.01 Alkek Building, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Fedora Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-0984-496216 (I.B.); +39-0984-496207 (S.C.)
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (L.G.); (C.G.); (G.L.C.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (A.C.); (A.L.); (F.G.); (D.B.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-0984-496216 (I.B.); +39-0984-496207 (S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Berger E, Delpierre C, Hosnijeh FS, Kelly-Irving M, Portengen L, Bergdahl IA, Johansson AS, Krogh V, Palli D, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Kyrtopoulos SA, Vineis P, Chadeau-Hyam M, Vermeulen R, Castagné R. Association between low-grade inflammation and Breast cancer and B-cell Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: findings from two prospective cohorts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10805. [PMID: 30018397 PMCID: PMC6050323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation may be involved in cancer development and progression. Using 28 inflammatory-related proteins collected from prospective blood samples from two case-control studies nested in the Italian component of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (n = 261) and in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (n = 402), we tested the hypothesis that an inflammatory score is associated with breast cancer (BC) and Β-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (B-cell NHL, including 68 multiple myeloma cases) onset. We modelled the relationship between this inflammatory score and the two cancers studied: (BC and B-cell NHL) using generalised linear models, and assessed, through adjustments the role of behaviours and lifestyle factors. Analyses were performed by cancer types pooling both populations, and stratified by cohorts, and time to diagnosis. Our results suggested a lower inflammatory score in B-cell NHL cases (β = -1.28, p = 0.012), and, to lesser, extent with BC (β = -0.96, p = 0.33) compared to controls, mainly driven by cancer cases diagnosed less than 6 years after enrolment. These associations were not affected by subsequent adjustments for potential intermediate confounders, notably behaviours. Sensitivity analyses indicated that our findings were not affected by the way the inflammatory score was calculated. These observations call for further studies involving larger populations, larger variety of cancer types and repeated measures of larger panel of inflammatory markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Berger
- LEASP, UMR 1027, Inserm-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Cyrille Delpierre
- LEASP, UMR 1027, Inserm-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Fatemeh Saberi Hosnijeh
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Immunology Department, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lutzen Portengen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Vittorio Krogh
- Fondazione IRCCS- Instituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica (ISPO Toscana), Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Piedmont Reference Centre for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Turin, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer registry and Histopathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera 'Civile -M.P.Arezzo', Ragusa, Italy
| | - Soterios A Kyrtopoulos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece
| | - Paolo Vineis
- HuGeF, Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London, London, UK
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London, London, UK
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Raphaële Castagné
- LEASP, UMR 1027, Inserm-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Berryhill GE, Trott JF, Derpinghaus AL, Hovey RC. TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM/BOLFA: Dietary regulation of allometric ductal growth in the mammary glands. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:5664-5674. [PMID: 29293798 PMCID: PMC6292269 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mammary gland growth and development in females is a lifelong process, it builds on isometric and allometric phases of mammary growth to establish a complex ductal network before and during puberty. Only then can other phases of branching and alveologenesis, differentiation, lactation, and involution proceed. Although the ductal network of various species differs in its histomorphology, all glands undergo a common phase of allometric growth when the mammary ducts penetrate into the supporting stromal microenvironment. Perhaps not surprisingly, different aspects of diet and nutrition can influence this allometric growth, either directly or indirectly. In this review, we outline some of the fundamental aspects of how allometric ductal growth in the mammary glands of various species is influenced by diet and nutrition and identify opportunities and questions for future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. E. Berryhill
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616
| | - J. F. Trott
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616
| | - A. L. Derpinghaus
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616
| | - R. C. Hovey
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ertaylan G, Le Cornet C, van Roekel EH, Jung AY, Bours MJL, Damms-Machado A, van den Brandt PA, Schock H, de Kok TM, Theys J, Arts ICW, Kaaks R, Weijenberg MP, Fortner RT. A Comparative Study on the WCRF International/University of Bristol Methodology for Systematic Reviews of Mechanisms Underpinning Exposure-Cancer Associations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:1583-1594. [PMID: 28754794 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) International and the University of Bristol have developed a novel framework for providing an overview of mechanistic pathways and conducting a systematic literature review of the biologically plausible mechanisms underlying exposure-cancer associations. Two teams independently applied the two-stage framework on mechanisms underpinning the association between body fatness and breast cancer to test the framework feasibility and reproducibility as part of a WCRF-commissioned validation study. In stage I, a "hypothesis-free" approach was used to provide an overview of potential intermediate mechanisms between body fatness and breast cancer. Dissimilar rankings of potential mechanisms were observed between the two teams due to different applications of the framework. In stage II, a systematic review was conducted on the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) chosen as an intermediate mechanism. Although the studies included differed, both teams found inconclusive evidence for the body fatness-IGF1R association and modest evidence linking IGF1R to breast cancer, and therefore concluded that there is currently weak evidence for IGF1R as mechanism linking body fatness to breast cancer. The framework is a good starting point for conducting systematic reviews by integrating evidence from mechanistic studies on exposure-cancer associations. On the basis of our experience, we provide recommendations for future users. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(11); 1583-94. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Ertaylan
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Le Cornet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eline H van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Audrey Y Jung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martijn J L Bours
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Antje Damms-Machado
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Helena Schock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theo M de Kok
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Theys
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilja C W Arts
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matty P Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Su Y, Cai H, Zheng Y, Qiu Q, Lu W, Shu XO, Cai Q. Associations of the Transforming Growth Factor β/Smad Pathway, Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity With Breast Cancer Outcomes: Results From the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 184:501-509. [PMID: 27651382 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway plays an important role in breast cancer progression and in metabolic regulation and energy homeostasis. The prognostic significance of TGF-β interaction with obesity and physical activity in breast cancer patients remains unclear. We evaluated the expression of TGF-β type II receptor and pSmad2 immunohistochemically in breast cancer tissue from 1,045 patients in the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study (2002-2005). We found that the presence of nuclear pSmad2 in breast cancer cells was inversely associated with overall and disease-free survival, predominantly among participants with lower body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2) and a moderate level of physical activity. However, the test for multiplicative interaction produced a significant result only for BMI (for disease-free survival and overall survival, adjusted hazard ratios were 1.79 and 2.05, respectively). In 535 earlier-stage (T1-2, N0) invasive cancers, nuclear pSmad2 was associated with improved survival among persons with higher BMI (overall survival: adjusted hazard ratio = 0.27, 95% confidence interval: 0.09, 0.86). The cytoplasmic pattern of TGF-β type II receptor expression in cancer cells was significantly associated with a lower survival rate but was not modified by BMI or physical activity. Our study suggests that the TGF-β pathway in tumor cells is involved in breast cancer prognosis and may be modified by BMI through pSmad2.
Collapse
|
9
|
Breast Cancer Cell Colonization of the Human Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Niche. Neoplasia 2016; 17:849-861. [PMID: 26696367 PMCID: PMC4688564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Bone is a preferred site of breast cancer metastasis, suggesting the presence of tissue-specific features that attract and promote the outgrowth of breast cancer cells. We sought to identify parameters of human bone tissue associated with breast cancer cell osteotropism and colonization in the metastatic niche. METHODS Migration and colonization patterns of MDA-MB-231-fLuc-EGFP (luciferase-enhanced green fluorescence protein) and MCF-7-fLuc-EGFP breast cancer cells were studied in co-culture with cancellous bone tissue fragments isolated from 14 hip arthroplasties. Breast cancer cell migration into tissues and toward tissue-conditioned medium was measured in Transwell migration chambers using bioluminescence imaging and analyzed as a function of secreted factors measured by multiplex immunoassay. Patterns of breast cancer cell colonization were evaluated with fluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Enhanced MDA-MB-231-fLuc-EGFP breast cancer cell migration to bone-conditioned versus control medium was observed in 12/14 specimens (P = .0014) and correlated significantly with increasing levels of the adipokines/cytokines leptin (P = .006) and IL-1β (P = .001) in univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Fluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry of fragments underscored the extreme adiposity of adult human bone tissues and revealed extensive breast cancer cell colonization within the marrow adipose tissue compartment. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that breast cancer cells migrate to human bone tissue-conditioned medium in association with increasing levels of leptin and IL-1β, and colonize the bone marrow adipose tissue compartment of cultured fragments. Bone marrow adipose tissue and its molecular signals may be important but understudied components of the breast cancer metastatic niche.
Collapse
|
10
|
Imaoka T, Nishimura M, Daino K, Morioka T, Nishimura Y, Uemura H, Akimoto K, Furukawa Y, Fukushi M, Wakabayashi K, Mutoh M, Shimada Y. A Rat Model to Study the Effects of Diet-Induced Obesity on Radiation-Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis. Radiat Res 2016; 185:505-15. [PMID: 27135968 DOI: 10.1667/rr14309.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the relationship between radiation-induced breast cancer and obesity is needed for appropriate risk management and to prevent the development of a secondary cancer in patients who have been treated with radiation. Our goal was to develop an animal model to study the relationship by combining two existing Sprague-Dawley rat models of radiation-induced mammary carcinogenesis and diet-induced obesity. Female rats were fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks and categorized as obesity prone or obesity resistant based on their body weight at 7 weeks of age, at which time the rats were irradiated with 4 Gy. Control rats were fed a standard diet and irradiated at the same time and in the same manner. All rats were maintained on their initial diets and assessed for palpable mammary cancers once a week for the next 30 weeks. The obesity-prone rats were heavier than those in the other groups. The obesity-prone rats were also younger than the other animals at the first detection of mammary carcinomas and their carcinoma weights were greater. A tendency toward higher insulin and leptin blood levels were observed in the obesity-prone rats compared to the other two groups. Blood angiotensin II levels were elevated in the obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats. Genes related to translation and oxidative phosphorylation were upregulated in the carcinomas of obesity-prone rats. Expression profiles from human breast cancers were used to validate this animal model. As angiotensin is potentially an important factor in obesity-related morbidities and breast cancer, a second set of rats was fed in a similar manner, irradiated and then treated with an angiotensin-receptor blocker, losartan and candesartan. Neither blocker altered mammary carcinogenesis; analyses of losartan-treated animals indicated that expression of renin in the renal cortex and of Agtr1a (angiotensin II receptor, type 1) in cancer tissue was significantly upregulated, suggesting the presence of compensating mechanisms for blocking angiotensin-receptor signaling. Thus, obesity-related elevation of insulin and leptin blood levels and an increase in available energy may facilitate sustained protein synthesis in cancer cells, which is required for rapid cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- a Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) Chiba, Japan;,b Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Project Headquarters, NIRS, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nishimura
- a Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) Chiba, Japan;,b Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Project Headquarters, NIRS, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Daino
- a Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) Chiba, Japan;,b Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Project Headquarters, NIRS, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Morioka
- a Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) Chiba, Japan;,b Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Project Headquarters, NIRS, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishimura
- a Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroji Uemura
- c Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenta Akimoto
- a Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) Chiba, Japan;,d Division of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Furukawa
- a Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) Chiba, Japan;,d Division of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukushi
- d Division of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Wakabayashi
- e Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; and
| | - Michihiro Mutoh
- f Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Shimada
- a Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) Chiba, Japan;,b Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Project Headquarters, NIRS, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Toro AL, Costantino NS, Shriver CD, Ellsworth DL, Ellsworth RE. Effect of obesity on molecular characteristics of invasive breast tumors: gene expression analysis in a large cohort of female patients. BMC OBESITY 2016; 3:22. [PMID: 27148454 PMCID: PMC4850667 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-016-0103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women and is associated with decreased survival and less favorable clinical characteristics such as greater tumor burden, higher grade, and poor prognosis, regardless of menopausal status. Despite the negative impact of obesity on clinical outcome, molecular mechanisms through which excess adiposity influences breast cancer etiology are not well-defined. Methods Affymetrix U133 2.0 gene expression data were generated for 405 primary breast tumors using RNA isolated from laser microdissected tissues. Patients were classified as normal-weight (BMI < 25), overweight (BMI 25–29.9) or obese (BMI ≥ 30). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA using Partek Genomics Suite version 6.6 using a false discovery rate <0.05 to define significance. Results Obese patients were significantly more likely to be diagnosed ≥50 years or with African American ancestry compared to lean or overweight women. Pathological characteristics including tumor stage, size or grade, lymph node status, intrinsic subtype, and breast cancer mortality did not differ significantly between groups. No significant gene expression differences were detected by BMI in a non-stratified analysis which included all subtypes or within luminal B, HER2-enriched or basal-like subtypes. Within luminal A tumors, however, 44 probes representing 42 genes from pathways such as cell cycle, p53 and mTOR signaling, DNA repair, and transcriptional misregulation were differentially expressed. Conclusions Identification of transcriptome differences in luminal A tumors from normal-weight compared to obese women suggests that obesity alters gene expression within ER+ tumor epithelial cells. Alterations of pathways involved in cell cycle control, tumorigenesis and metabolism may promote cellular proliferation and provide a molecular explanation for less favorable outcome of obese women with breast cancer. Targeted treatments, such as mTOR inhibitors, may allow for improved treatment and survival of obese women, especially African American women, who are more likely to be obese and suffer outcome disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allyson L Toro
- Clinical Breast Care Project, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, 620 Seventh Street, Windber, PA 15963 USA
| | - Nicholas S Costantino
- Clinical Breast Care Project, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, 620 Seventh Street, Windber, PA 15963 USA
| | - Craig D Shriver
- Clinical Breast Care Project, Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center and Uniformed Services University, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA
| | - Darrell L Ellsworth
- Clinical Breast Care Project, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, 620 Seventh Street, Windber, PA 15963 USA
| | - Rachel E Ellsworth
- Clinical Breast Care Project, Murtha Cancer Center, 620 Seventh Street, Windber, PA 15963 USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cozzo AJ, Sundaram S, Zattra O, Qin Y, Freemerman AJ, Essaid L, Darr DB, Montgomery SA, McNaughton KK, Ezzell JA, Galanko JA, Troester MA, Makowski L. cMET inhibitor crizotinib impairs angiogenesis and reduces tumor burden in the C3(1)-Tag model of basal-like breast cancer. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:348. [PMID: 27057482 PMCID: PMC4799044 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have associated obesity with increased risk of the aggressive basal-like breast cancer (BBC) subtype. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling through its receptor, cMET, is elevated in obesity and is a pro-tumorigenic pathway strongly associated with BBC. We previously reported that high fat diet (HFD) elevated HGF, cMET, and phospho-cMET in normal mammary gland, with accelerated tumor development, compared to low fat diet (LFD)-fed lean controls in a murine model of BBC. We also showed that weight loss resulted in a significant reversal of HFD-induced effects on latency and elevation of HGF/cMET signaling in normal mammary and cMET in normal mammary and tumors. Here, we sought to inhibit BBC tumor progression in LFD- and HFD-fed C3(1)-Tag BBC mice using a small molecule cMET inhibitor, and began crizotinib treatment (50 mg/kg body weight by oral gavage) upon identification of the first palpable tumor. We next investigated if administering crizotinib in a window prior to tumor development would inhibit or delay BBC tumorigenesis. Treatment: Crizotinib significantly reduced mean tumor burden by 27.96 and 37.29 %, and mean tumor vascularity by 35.04 and 33.52 %, in our LFD- and HFD-fed C3(1)-Tag BBC mice, respectively. Prevention: Crizotinib significantly accelerated primary tumor progression in both diet groups but had no effect on total tumor progression or total tumor burden. In sum, cMET inhibition by crizotinib limited tumor development and microvascular density in basal-like tumor-bearing mice but did not appear to be an effective preventive agent for BBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J Cozzo
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Sneha Sundaram
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Ottavia Zattra
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Alex J Freemerman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Luma Essaid
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - David B Darr
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Stephanie A Montgomery
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Kirk K McNaughton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - J Ashley Ezzell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Joseph A Galanko
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Volden PA, Skor MN, Johnson MB, Singh P, Patel FN, McClintock MK, Brady MJ, Conzen SD. Mammary Adipose Tissue-Derived Lysophospholipids Promote Estrogen Receptor-Negative Mammary Epithelial Cell Proliferation. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:367-78. [PMID: 26862086 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), acting in an autocrine or paracrine fashion through G protein-coupled receptors, has been implicated in many physiologic and pathologic processes, including cancer. LPA is converted from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) by the secreted phospholipase autotaxin (ATX). Although various cell types can produce ATX, adipocyte-derived ATX is believed to be the major source of circulating ATX and also to be the major regulator of plasma LPA levels. In addition to ATX, adipocytes secrete numerous other factors (adipokines); although several adipokines have been implicated in breast cancer biology, the contribution of mammary adipose tissue-derived LPC/ATX/LPA (LPA axis) signaling to breast cancer is poorly understood. Using murine mammary fat-conditioned medium, we investigated the contribution of LPA signaling to mammary epithelial cancer cell biology and identified LPA signaling as a significant contributor to the oncogenic effects of the mammary adipose tissue secretome. To interrogate the role of mammary fat in the LPA axis during breast cancer progression, we exposed mammary adipose tissue to secreted factors from estrogen receptor-negative mammary epithelial cell lines and monitored changes in the mammary fat pad LPA axis. Our data indicate that bidirectional interactions between mammary cancer cells and mammary adipocytes alter the local LPA axis and increase ATX expression in the mammary fat pad during breast cancer progression. Thus, the LPC/ATX/LPA axis may be a useful target for prevention in patients at risk of ER-negative breast cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 9(5); 367-78. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Volden
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maxwell N Skor
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Martha K McClintock
- Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Matthew J Brady
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Suzanne D Conzen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Falank C, Fairfield H, Reagan MR. Signaling Interplay between Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Multiple Myeloma cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:67. [PMID: 27379019 PMCID: PMC4911365 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the year 2000, Hanahan and Weinberg (1) defined the six Hallmarks of Cancer as: self-sufficiency in growth signals, evasion of apoptosis, insensitivity to antigrowth mechanisms, tissue invasion and metastasis, limitless replicative potential, and sustained angiogenesis. Eleven years later, two new Hallmarks were added to the list (avoiding immune destruction and reprograming energy metabolism) and two new tumor characteristics (tumor-promoting inflammation and genome instability and mutation) (2). In multiple myeloma (MM), a destructive cancer of the plasma cell that grows predominantly in the bone marrow (BM), it is clear that all these hallmarks and characteristics are in play, contributing to tumor initiation, drug resistance, disease progression, and relapse. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is a newly recognized contributor to MM oncogenesis and disease progression, potentially affecting MM cell metabolism, immune action, inflammation, and influences on angiogenesis. In this review, we discuss the confirmed and hypothetical contributions of BMAT to MM development and disease progression. BMAT has been understudied due to technical challenges and a previous lack of appreciation for the endocrine function of this tissue. In this review, we define the dynamic, responsive, metabolically active BM adipocyte. We then describe how BMAT influences MM in terms of: lipids/metabolism, hypoxia/angiogenesis, paracrine or endocrine signaling, and bone disease. We then discuss the connection between BMAT and systemic inflammation and potential treatments to inhibit the feedback loops between BM adipocytes and MM cells that support MM progression. We aim for researchers to use this review to guide and help prioritize their experiments to develop better treatments or a cure for cancers, such as MM, that associate with and may depend on BMAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Falank
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- *Correspondence: Michaela R. Reagan,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
A Review: Proteomics in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15497-530. [PMID: 26184160 PMCID: PMC4519910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although radiotherapy is generally effective in the treatment of major nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), this treatment still makes approximately 20% of patients radioresistant. Therefore, the identification of blood or biopsy biomarkers that can predict the treatment response to radioresistance and that can diagnosis early stages of NPC would be highly useful to improve this situation. Proteomics is widely used in NPC for searching biomarkers and comparing differentially expressed proteins. In this review, an overview of proteomics with different samples related to NPC and common proteomics methods was made. In conclusion, identical proteins are sorted as follows: Keratin is ranked the highest followed by such proteins as annexin, heat shock protein, 14-3-3σ, nm-23 protein, cathepsin, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins, enolase, triosephosphate isomerase, stathmin, prohibitin, and vimentin. This ranking indicates that these proteins may be NPC-related proteins and have potential value for further studies.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bowers LW, deGraffenried LA. Targeting the COX-2 Pathway to Improve Therapeutic Response in the Obese Breast Cancer Patient Population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:336-345. [PMID: 26442202 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-015-0041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies have demonstrated that obesity is associated with a worse outcome for all breast cancer subtypes and that obese breast cancer patients do not respond as well as normal weight patients to aromatase inhibitor treatment and chemotherapy. While a number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain this link, recent studies have provided evidence that elevated local cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the resulting increase in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production may play an important role. COX-2 upregulation in breast tumors is associated with a poor prognosis, a connection generally attributed to PGE2's direct effects on apoptosis and invasion as well as its stimulation of pre-adipocyte aromatase expression and subsequent estrogen production. Research in this area has provided a strong foundation for the hypothesis that COX-2 signaling is involved in the obesity-breast cancer link, and further study regarding the role of COX-2 in this link is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura W Bowers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, R1800, Austin, TX 78723
| | - Linda A deGraffenried
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, R1800, Austin, TX 78723
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have reached pandemic levels on a worldwide basis and are associated with increased risk and worse prognosis for many but not all malignancies. Pathophysiologic processes that affect this association are reviewed, with a focus on the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer, lessons learned from the use of murine models to study the association, the impact of obesity on pancreatic cancer, the effects of dietary fats and cholesterol on cancer promotion, and the mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiome affects obesity and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Berger
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry, and Genetics, Center for Science, Health and Society, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|