1
|
Hao X, Lu Q, Zhao H. A molecular phylogeny for all 21 families within Chiroptera (bats). Integr Zool 2024; 19:989-998. [PMID: 37853557 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Bats, members of the Chiroptera order, rank as the second most diverse group among mammals. Recent molecular systematic studies on bats have successfully classified 21 families within two suborders: Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera. Nevertheless, the phylogeny within these 21 families has remained a subject of controversy. In this study, we have employed a balanced approach to establish a robust family-level phylogenetic hypothesis for bats, utilizing a more comprehensive molecular dataset. This dataset includes representative species from all 21 bat families, resulting in a reduced level of missing genetic information. The resulting phylogenetic tree comprises 21 lineages that are strongly supported, each corresponding to one of the bat families. Our findings support to place the Emballonuroidea superfamily as the basal lineage of Yangochiroptera, and that Myzopodidae should be situated as a basal lineage of Emballonuroidea, forming a sister relationship with the clade consisting of Nycteridae and Emballonuridae. Finally, we have conducted dating analyses on this newly resolved phylogenetic tree, providing divergence times for each bat family. Collectively, our study has employed a relatively comprehensive molecular dataset to establish a more robust phylogeny encompassing all 21 bat families. This improved phylogenetic framework will significantly contribute to our understanding of evolutionary processes, ecological roles, disease dynamics, and biodiversity conservation in the realm of bats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huabin Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dip AS, Martín E, Hernández MB, Miotti MD. Characterization of sperm morphology in two species of Neotropical bats: Artibeus planirostris and Sturnira erythromos (Phyllostomidae, Chiroptera). Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 39126422 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Sperm morphology is considered the best indicator of male fertility. In Neotropical bats, important aspects of sperm morphology have been scantly studied. The aim of the present study was to characterize and compare the sperm morphology and morphometry of Artibeus planirostris and Sturnira erythromos. A total of 11 specimens were analyzed from the Colección de Mamíferos Lillo: five A. planirostris and six S. erythromos. The fixed epididymis were extracted and macerated in Farmer's solution, followed by the routine cytological procedure with different stains. To carry out the description and morphometric analysis, microphotographs were taken under an optical, epifluorescence and scanning electron microscope. A total of 50 sperm from each individual were measured for morphometric analysis. The percentage of normal/abnormal spermatozoa was estimated and the sperm abnormalities were classified. Both species showed morphologically simple spermatozoa with a spatulate head, a short neck, a helical midpiece and a tail that tapers at the final end, similar to other species of Phyllostomidae. The differences observed were: apex of the head was conical in A. planirostris and was oval in S. erythromos; longer head and midpiece in S. erythomos and longer sperm in A. planirostris. Both species showed a high percentage of sperm with normal appearance: 65% for A. planirostris and 72% for S. erythromos. The main sperm abnormalities were: scattered tails and heads, coiled tails, folded midpieces and presence of cytoplasmic droplets. The present work will improve the understanding of their reproductive biology. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Morphological descriptions and morphometric analyses of the sperm of Artibeus planirostris and Sturnira erythromos were carried out with optical, epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofía Dip
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- CONICET NOA Sur (Centro Científico Tecnológico - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Martín
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Genética y Microbiología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - María Daniela Miotti
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martínez-Cárdenas A, Becerril V, Ortega J, López-Cuamatzi IL, Arroyo-Cabrales J, Díaz-Pacheco I, Antonio Baeza J. Comparative mitochondrial genomics of endemic Mexican vesper yellow bats genus Rhogeessa (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and insights into internal relationships in the family Vespertilionidae. Gene 2024; 918:148492. [PMID: 38649060 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In the species-rich family Vespertilionidae, vesper yellow bats in the genus Rhogeessa include eleven species, three of them endemic to Mexico. These insectivorous bats provide important ecosystem services, including pest control. Even though some aspects of their biology are well- known, only a few genomic resources are available for these species, which limits our understanding of their biology. In this study, we assembled and annotated the mitochondrial genome of four species: R. aenea, R. genowaysi, R. mira, and R. parvula. We generated a phylomitogenomic hypothesis based on translated protein-coding genes for a total of 52 species in the family Vespertilionidae and examined the phylogenetic position of the genus Rhogeessa and species within the family. The AT-rich mitogenomes of R. aenea, R. genowaysi, R. mira, and R. parvula are 16,763, 16,781, 16,807, and 16,794 pb in length, respectively. Each studied mitogenome encodes 13 Protein Coding Genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes, and contains a putative control region (CR). All tRNAs exhibit a 'cloverleaf' secondary structure, except tRNA-Serine-1 that lacked the DHU arm in all studied mitogenomes. Selective pressure analyses indicated that all protein-coding genes are exposed to purifying selection. The phylomitogenomic analysis supported the monophyletic status of the family Vespertilionidae, confirmed the placement of Rhogeessa within the tribe Antrozoini, and clarified phylogenetic relationships within and among subfamilies and tribes in this family. Our results indicate that phylomitogenomics are useful to explore the evolutionary history of vesper bats. The assembly and comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial genomes offer the potential to generate molecular references and resources beneficial for genetic analyses aimed at understanding the ecology and evolution of these remarkable bats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anahí Martínez-Cárdenas
- Laboratorio de Biocoservación y Manejo, Posgrado en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México; Laboratorio Ecología Evolutiva y Conservación. Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, ECOSUR-Villahermosa, Carretera Reforma Km 15.5, Ra. Guineo 2da. Sección, Villahermosa, México
| | - Valeria Becerril
- Laboratorio de Biocoservación y Manejo, Posgrado en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jorge Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biocoservación y Manejo, Posgrado en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Issachar L López-Cuamatzi
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, José María Morelos No. 44, Zona Centro, 91000, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Joaquín Arroyo-Cabrales
- Laboratorio de Arqueozoología, "M. en C. Ticul Álvarez Solórzano". Subdirección de Laboratorios y Apoyo Académico, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Moneda No. 16, Centro Histórico, 06060 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Iván Díaz-Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Vertebrados Prioritarios. Facultad de Biología. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Avenida Francisco J. Múgica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030 Morelia Michoacán, México
| | - J Antonio Baeza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA; Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Louzada NSV, Tavares WC. Beyond head and wings: Unveiling influence of diet, body size, and phylogeny on the evolution of the femur in phyllostomid bats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 39095996 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Phyllostomidae, the most diverse family of Neotropical bats, encompass 230 species with varied dietary habits and food acquisition methods. Their feeding niche diversification has shaped skull and wing morphologies through natural selection, reflecting food processing and flight strategies. Yet, evolution of bat hindlimbs, especially in phyllostomids, remains little understood. Previous studies highlighted the femur's morphology as a key to understanding the evolution of quadrupedalism in yangochiropteran bats, including the adept walking observed in vampire bats (Desmodontinae). Here, we aimed to describe the femoral morphological variation in Phyllostomidae, correlating this with body size and assessing the effects of phylogenetic history, dietary habits, and hindlimb usage. Analyzing 15 femoral traits from 45 species across 9 subfamilies through phylogenetically informed methods, we discovered a significant phylogenetic structure in femoral morphology. Allometric analysis indicated that body mass accounts for about 85% of the variance in phyllostomid femoral size and about 11% in femoral shape. Relatively smaller femurs showed to be typical in Stenodermatinae, Lonchophyllinae, and Glossophaginae, in contrast to the larger femurs of Phyllostominae, Desmodontinae, Micronycterinae, and Lonchorrhininae. Furthermore, extensive femur shape variation was detected, with the most distinct morphologies in vampire bats, followed by frugivorous species. Adaptive evolutionary models related to diet more effectively explained variations in femoral relative size and shape than stochastic models. Contrary to the conventional belief of limited functional demand on bat femurs, our findings suggest that femoral morphology is significantly influenced by functional demands associated with diet and food capture, in addition to being partially structured by body size and shared evolutionary history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Siqueira Veríssimo Louzada
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias Professor Geraldo Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - William Corrêa Tavares
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias Professor Geraldo Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Werb O, Matuschewski K, Weber N, Hillers A, Garteh J, Jusu A, Turay BS, Wauquier N, Escalante AA, Andreína Pacheco M, Schaer J. New member of Plasmodium (Vinckeia) and Plasmodium cyclopsi discovered in bats in Sierra Leone - nuclear sequence and complete mitochondrial genome analyses. Int J Parasitol 2024; 54:475-484. [PMID: 38762159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Malaria remains the most important arthropod-borne infectious disease globally. The causative agent, Plasmodium, is a unicellular eukaryote that develops inside red blood cells. Identifying new Plasmodium parasite species that infect mammalian hosts can shed light on the complex evolution and diversity of malaria parasites. Bats feature a high diversity of microorganisms including seven separate genera of malarial parasites. Three species of Plasmodium have been reported so far, for which scarce reports exist. Here we present data from an investigation of Plasmodium infections in bats in the western Guinean lowland forest in Sierra Leone. We discovered a new Plasmodium parasite in the horseshoe bat Rhinolophus landeri. Plasmodium cyclopsi infections in a member of leaf-nosed bats, Doryrhina cyclops, exhibited a high prevalence of 100%. Phylogenetic analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes and nine nuclear markers recovered a close relationship between P. cyclopsi and the new Plasmodium parasite with the rodent species Plasmodium berghei, a widely used in vivo model to study malaria in humans. The data suggests that the "rodent/bat" Plasmodium (Vinckeia) clade represents a diverse group of malarial parasites that would likely expand with a systematic sampling of small mammals in tropical Africa. Identifying the bat Plasmodium repertoire is central to our understanding of the evolution of Plasmodium parasites in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Werb
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Matuschewski
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Weber
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Department of Migration, Radolfzell, Germany; Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Annika Hillers
- Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF), Monrovia, Liberia; The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Centre for Conservation Science, Sandy, United Kingdom
| | - Jerry Garteh
- Society for the Conservation of Nature of Liberia (SCNL), Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Amadu Jusu
- Gola Rainforest Conservation Limited by Guarantee (GRC_LG) Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Brima S Turay
- Gola Rainforest Conservation Limited by Guarantee (GRC_LG) Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Nadia Wauquier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1135 CNRS EMR 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Ananias A Escalante
- Biology Department/Institute of Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine (iGEM), Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Andreína Pacheco
- Biology Department/Institute of Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine (iGEM), Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juliane Schaer
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Muni University, Arua, Uganda.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cornman RS. A genomic hotspot of diversifying selection and structural change in the hoary bat ( Lasiurus cinereus). PeerJ 2024; 12:e17482. [PMID: 38832043 PMCID: PMC11146322 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous work found that numerous genes positively selected within the hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) lineage are physically clustered in regions of conserved synteny. Here I further validate and expand on those finding utilizing an updated L. cinereus genome assembly and additional bat species as well as other tetrapod outgroups. Methods A chromosome-level assembly was generated by chromatin-contact mapping and made available by DNAZoo (www.dnazoo.org). The genomic organization of orthologous genes was extracted from annotation data for multiple additional bat species as well as other tetrapod clades for which chromosome-level assemblies were available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Tests of branch-specific positive selection were performed for L. cinereus using PAML as well as with the HyPhy package for comparison. Results Twelve genes exhibiting significant diversifying selection in the L. cinereus lineage were clustered within a 12-Mb genomic window; one of these (Trpc4) also exhibited diversifying selection in bats generally. Ten of the 12 genes are landmarks of two distinct blocks of ancient synteny that are not linked in other tetrapod clades. Bats are further distinguished by frequent structural rearrangements within these synteny blocks, which are rarely observed in other Tetrapoda. Patterns of gene order and orientation among bat taxa are incompatible with phylogeny as presently understood, implying parallel evolution or subsequent reversals. Inferences of positive selection were found to be robust to alternative phylogenetic topologies as well as a strong shift in background nucleotide composition in some taxa. Discussion This study confirms and further localizes a genomic hotspot of protein-coding divergence in the hoary bat, one that also exhibits an increased tempo of structural change in bats compared with other mammals. Most genes in the two synteny blocks have elevated expression in brain tissue in humans and model organisms, and genetic studies implicate the selected genes in cranial and neurological development, among other functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Cornman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Amador LI, Arias JS, Giannini NP. Historical biogeography of the Neotropical noctilionoid bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionoidea), revisited through a geographically explicit analysis. Cladistics 2024. [PMID: 38703085 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Biogeographic studies have generally relied on methods that use a few, large predefined areas, which may overlook fine-scale patterns. Here we test previous hypotheses about the biogeographic history of a diverse bat clade regarding its association with major Neotropical geological formations, particularly the Antilles, the South American Dry Diagonal, the Andes and the Panamanian land bridge, by applying a recently available method that uses actual distributions instead of predefined areas. We compiled and curated spatially explicit, georeferenced data of 173 bat species (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Noctilionoidea) from the online database Global Biodiversity Information Facility. By taking a previous comprehensive phylogeny as an evolutionary framework, we performed computationally intensive analyses using the Geographically-explicit Event Model. This method uses the observed species distributions to reconstruct the ancestral areas and biogeographic events at each phylogeny node. We found that sympatric speciation was the most frequently reconstructed event, and involved mainly the Panamanian Isthmus and northern South America (SA), but all sympatry reconstructions were different and specific to each node. Allopatric events were important in the Andes; vicariance caused both west/east and north/south disjunctions that went unnoticed previously. Founder events indicated bidirectional dispersal between the mainland and the Antilles since the Miocene, and across the incomplete Panamanian bridge and the SA Dry Diagonal since the early Pliocene. Overall, we found support for previous hypotheses on the influence of major Neotropical paleogeographic events in the diversification of the group, but additionally revealed multi-scale patterns that are embedded within the mainland and were previously overlooked. Our results highlight a trans-isthmian centre of diversification in the biogeographic history of Noctilionoidea including the Panamanian Isthmus and Northern SA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucila I Amador
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo: Fundación Miguel Lillo-CONICET, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - J Salvador Arias
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo: Fundación Miguel Lillo-CONICET, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Norberto P Giannini
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo: Fundación Miguel Lillo-CONICET, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 77th Street, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Giannini NP, Cannell A, Amador LI, Simmons NB. Palaeoatmosphere facilitates a gliding transition to powered flight in the Eocene bat, Onychonycteris finneyi. Commun Biol 2024; 7:365. [PMID: 38532113 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary transition to powered flight remains controversial in bats, the only flying mammals. We applied aerodynamic modeling to reconstruct flight in the oldest complete fossil bat, the archaic Onychonycteris finneyi from the early Eocene of North America. Results indicate that Onychonycteris was capable of both gliding and powered flight either in a standard normodense aerial medium or in the hyperdense atmosphere that we estimate for the Eocene from two independent palaeogeochemical proxies. Aerodynamic continuity across a morphological gradient is further demonstrated by modeled intermediate forms with increasing aspect ratio (AR) produced by digital elongation based on chiropteran developmental data. Here a gliding performance gradient emerged of decreasing sink rate with increasing AR that eventually allowed applying available muscle power to achieve level flight using flapping, which is greatly facilitated in hyperdense air. This gradient strongly supports a gliding (trees-down) transition to powered flight in bats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norberto P Giannini
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, NY, USA.
| | - Alan Cannell
- ISIPU - Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Rome, Italy
- Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Lucila I Amador
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Nancy B Simmons
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pinheiro A, Borges JR, Côrte-Real JV, Esteves PJ. Evolution of guanylate binding protein genes shows a remarkable variability within bats (Chiroptera). Front Immunol 2024; 15:1329098. [PMID: 38357541 PMCID: PMC10864436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1329098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background GBPs (guanylate binding proteins), an evolutionary ancient protein family, play a key role in the host's innate immune response against bacterial, parasitic and viral infections. In Humans, seven GBP genes have been described (GBP1-7). Despite the interest these proteins have received over the last years, evolutionary studies have only been performed in primates, Tupaia and rodents. These have shown a pattern of gene gain and loss in each family, indicative of the birth-and-death evolution process. Results In this study, we analysed the evolution of this gene cluster in several bat species, belonging to the Yangochiroptera and Yinpterochiroptera sub-orders. Detailed analysis shows a conserved synteny and a gene expansion and loss history. Phylogenetic analysis showed that bats have GBPs 1,2 and 4-6. GBP2 has been lost in several bat families, being present only in Hipposideidae and Pteropodidae. GBPs1, 4 and 5 are present mostly as single-copy genes in all families but have suffered duplication events, particularly in Myotis myotis and Eptesicus fuscus. Most interestingly, we demonstrate that GBP6 duplicated in a Chiroptera ancestor species originating two genes, which we named GBP6a and GBP6b, with different subsequent evolutionary histories. GBP6a underwent several duplication events in all families while GBP6b is present as a single copy gene and has been lost in Pteropodidae, Miniopteridae and Desmodus rotundus, a Phyllostomidae. With 14 and 15 GBP genes, Myotis myotis and Eptesicus fuscus stand out as having far more copies than all other studied bat species. Antagonistically, Pteropodidae have the lowest number of GBP genes in bats. Conclusion Bats are important reservoirs of viruses, many of which have become zoonotic diseases in the last decades. Further functional studies on bats GBPs will help elucidate their function, evolutionary history, and the role of bats as virus reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pinheiro
- CIBIO-UP, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal
| | - J. Ricardo Borges
- CIBIO-UP, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Vasco Côrte-Real
- CIBIO-UP, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - Pedro J. Esteves
- CIBIO-UP, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CITS - Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias de Saúde, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Henríquez-Piskulich P, Hugall AF, Stuart-Fox D. A supermatrix phylogeny of the world's bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 190:107963. [PMID: 37967640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The increasing availability of large molecular phylogenies has provided new opportunities to study the evolution of species traits, their origins and diversification, and biogeography; yet there are limited attempts to synthesise existing phylogenetic information for major insect groups. Bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) are a large group of insect pollinators that have a worldwide distribution, and a wide variation in ecology, morphology, and life-history traits, including sociality. For these reasons, as well as their major economic importance as pollinators, numerous molecular phylogenetic studies of family and genus-level relationships have been published, providing an opportunity to assemble a bee 'tree-of-life'. We used publicly available genetic sequence data, including phylogenomic data, reconciled to a taxonomic database, to produce a concatenated supermatrix phylogeny for the Anthophila comprising 4,586 bee species, representing 23% of species and 82% of genera. At family, subfamily, and tribe levels, support for expected relationships was robust, but between and within some genera relationships remain uncertain. Within families, sampling of genera ranged from 67 to 100% but species coverage was lower (17-41%). Our phylogeny mostly reproduces the relationships found in recent phylogenomic studies with a few exceptions. We provide a summary of these differences and the current state of molecular data available and its gaps. We discuss the advantages and limitations of this bee supermatrix phylogeny (available online at beetreeoflife.org), which may enable new insights into long standing questions about evolutionary drivers in bees, and potentially insects more generally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew F Hugall
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Sciences, Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Devi Stuart-Fox
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lewanzik D, Ratcliffe JM, Etzler EA, Goerlitz HR, Jakobsen L. Stealth echolocation in aerial hawking bats reflects a substrate gleaning ancestry. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5208-5214.e3. [PMID: 37898121 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Predator-prey co-evolution can escalate into an evolutionary arms race.1 Examples of insect countermeasures to bat echolocation are well-known,2 but presumptive direct counter strategies in bats to insect anti-bat tactics are rare. The emission of very low-intensity calls by the hawking Barbastella barbastellus to circumvent high-frequency moth hearing is the most convincing countermeasure known.2,3 However, we demonstrate that stealth echolocation did not evolve through a high-intensity aerial hawking ancestor becoming quiet as previously hypothesized2,3,4 but from a gleaning ancestor transitioning into an obligate aerial hawker. Our ancestral state reconstructions show that the Plecotini ancestor likely gleaned prey using low-intensity calls typical of gleaning bats and that this ability-and associated traits-was subsequently lost in the barbastelle lineage. Barbastelles did not, however, revert to the oral, high-intensity call emission that other hawking bats use but retained the low-intensity nasal emission of closely related gleaning plecotines despite an extremely limited echolocation range. We further show that barbastelles continue to emit low-intensity calls even under adverse noise conditions and do not broaden the echolocation beam during the terminal buzz, unlike other vespertilionids attacking airborne prey.5,6 Together, our results suggest that barbastelles' echolocation is subject to morphological constraints prohibiting higher call amplitudes and beam broadening in the terminal buzz. We suggest that an abundance of eared prey allowed the co-opting and maintenance of low-intensity, nasal echolocation in today's obligate hawking barbastelle and that this unique foraging behavior7 persists because barbastelles remain a rare, acoustically inconspicuous predator to eared moths. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lewanzik
- Acoustic and Functional Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Eberhard-Gwinner-Straße, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - John M Ratcliffe
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Erik A Etzler
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Holger R Goerlitz
- Acoustic and Functional Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Eberhard-Gwinner-Straße, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Lasse Jakobsen
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dip AS, Martín E, Andrada RA, Hernández MB, Miotti MD. Sperm morphology and comparison morphometry measurements of two species of bats, Molossus molossus and Molossops temminckii (Chiroptera: Molossidae). Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:1626-1634. [PMID: 37572016 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Sperm morphology is considered a species-specific character and has been used as a tool in the classification of numerous mammalian taxa. Neotropical bats have been poorly studied, and important aspects on sperm morphology have not been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to describe and compare the sperm morphology and morphometry of Molossus molossus and Molossops temminckii. A total of 14 adults specimens were analyzed from the Colección Mamíferos Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán: five M. molossus and nine M. temminckii. The epididymis were extracted and macerated in Farmer's solution, followed by a coloration with different stains. To carry out the description and morphometric analysis, microphotographs were taken under an optical, epifluorescence, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). A total of 50 sperm from each individual were measured for morphometric analysis. The length and width of the head, midpiece and tail were taken as variables. Sperm from M. molossus and M. temminckii were practically identical, both morphologically and morphometrically. In both species, a distal bulge was observed at the end of the intermediate piece in a percentage greater than 85%. The main characteristics shared between the species were: presence of acrosomal blebs in the upper half of the head of the spermatozoa; cephalic equatorial segment with filiform ornamentations; intermembrane space of head apex wedge-shaped; helical middle piece and annulus at the end of middle piece. In the present study, SEM allowed us to visualize structures, such as acrosomal vesicles, that were not detected with other types of microscopy. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The similarities in the sperm morphology between M. molossus and M. temminckii were observed with three types of microscopy: optical, epifluorescence and scanning electron, and supported by morphometric and statistical analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofía Dip
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- CONICET NOA Sur (Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Martín
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Genética y Microbiología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Rubén Aldo Andrada
- Instituto de Genética y Microbiología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - María Daniela Miotti
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hand SJ, Maugoust J, Beck RMD, Orliac MJ. A 50-million-year-old, three-dimensionally preserved bat skull supports an early origin for modern echolocation. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4624-4640.e21. [PMID: 37858341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Bats are among the most recognizable, numerous, and widespread of all mammals. But much of their fossil record is missing, and bat origins remain poorly understood, as do the relationships of early to modern bats. Here, we describe a new early Eocene bat that helps bridge the gap between archaic stem bats and the hyperdiverse modern bat radiation of more than 1,460 living species. Recovered from ∼50 million-year-old cave sediments in the Quercy Phosphorites of southwestern France, Vielasia sigei's remains include a near-complete, three-dimensionally preserved skull-the oldest uncrushed bat cranium yet found. Phylogenetic analyses of a 2,665 craniodental character matrix, with and without 36.8 kb of DNA sequence data, place Vielasia outside modern bats, with total evidence tip-dating placing it sister to the crown clade. Vielasia retains the archaic dentition and skeletal features typical of early Eocene bats, but its inner ear shows specializations found in modern echolocating bats. These features, which include a petrosal only loosely attached to the basicranium, an expanded cochlea representing ∼25% basicranial width, and a long basilar membrane, collectively suggest that the kind of laryngeal echolocation used by most modern bats predates the crown radiation. At least 23 individuals of V. sigei are preserved together in a limestone cave deposit, indicating that cave roosting behavior had evolved in bats by the end of the early Eocene; this period saw the beginning of significant global climate cooling that may have been an evolutionary driver for bats to first congregate in caves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J Hand
- ESSRC, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jacob Maugoust
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554 CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Robin M D Beck
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK.
| | - Maeva J Orliac
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554 CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Toledo KS, Peracchi AL, Nogueira MR. Morphological variation of the brachial plexus in four phyllostomid bat species (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2729-2750. [PMID: 35112505 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable morphological modifications that occurred in the thoracic limbs of bats, information about the brachial plexus in this group is still scarce. The present study aimed to describe the origin, structure, and distribution of these peripheral nerves in four Phyllostomidae species. Both antimeres of six Artibeus lituratus, five Desmodus rotundus, seven Glossophaga soricina, and five Phyllostomus hastatus-all adult males from the Adriano Lúcio Peracchi Collection (UFRRJ)-were dissected. After complete exposure of the structure, we found that the brachial plexus of D. rotundus and P. hastatus is formed by the same roots (C5-T1), whereas the fourth cervical spinal nerve and the second thoracic spinal nerve are present in G. soricina (C4-T1) and A. lituratus (C5-T2), respectively. There was intraspecific variation and asymmetry in the origin of the structure and the combinations of nerve segments forming terminal branches. The distribution to the target muscles and patagium, however, was not subject to significant variation in our sample. Data presented here support the presence of two prevailing conditions in distribution of nerves to the bat muscles, and the innervation of the membranes seems to be explained by embryogenesis. Although the brachial plexus in phyllostomid bats is similar to that of other terrestrial Laurasiatheria, aspects identified in these bats, apparently unique to Chiroptera, may be related to anatomical changes in the thoracic limbs functionally linked to flight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Santos Toledo
- Laboratory of Mastozoology, Biological and Health Sciences Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Environmental Scientific Photography Nucleus - BioCenas, Laboratory of Radioecology and Global Change, Biology Institute Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriano Lúcio Peracchi
- Laboratory of Mastozoology, Biological and Health Sciences Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues Nogueira
- Laboratory of Mastozoology, Biological and Health Sciences Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hand SJ, Archer M, Gillespie A, Myers T. Xenorhinos bhatnagari sp. nov., a new, nasal-emitting trident bat (Rhinonycteridae, Rhinolophoidea) from early Miocene forests in northern Australia. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2693-2715. [PMID: 36995152 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
A new Old World trident bat (Rhinonycteridae) is described from an early Miocene cave deposit in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwestern Queensland, Australia. Living rhinonycterids comprise a small family of insect-eating, nasal-emitting rhinolophoid bats from Africa, Madagascar, Seychelles, the Middle East, and northern Australia. The new fossil species is one of at least 12 rhinonycterid species known from the Oligo-Miocene cave deposits at Riversleigh. We refer the new species to the genus Xenorhinos (Hand, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18, 430-439, 1998a) because it shares a number of unusual cranial features with the type and only other species of the genus, X. halli, including a broad rostrum, very wide interorbital region, pronounced ventral flexion of the rostrum, very constricted sphenoidal bridge, and, within the nasal fossa, reduced bony division, and relatively well developed turbinals. Xenorhinos species lived in northern Australia during the global Miocene Climatic Optimum, in closed wet forests, unlike the drier habitats that trident bats largely inhabit today. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that more than one dispersal event gave rise to the Australian rhinonycterid radiation, with two lineages having sister-group relationships with non-Australian taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J Hand
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Archer
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Anna Gillespie
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Troy Myers
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maugoust J, Orliac MJ. Anatomical correlates and nomenclature of the chiropteran endocranial cast. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2791-2829. [PMID: 37018745 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Bats form a diverse group of mammals that are highly specialized in active flight and ultrasound echolocation. These specializations rely on adaptations that reflect on their morphoanatomy and have been tentatively linked to brain morphology and volumetry. Despite their small size and fragility, bat crania and natural braincase casts ("endocasts") have been preserved in the fossil record, which allows for investigating brain evolution and inferring paleobiology. Advances in imaging techniques have allowed virtual extraction of internal structures, assuming that the shape of the endocast reflects soft organ morphology. However, there is no direct correspondence between the endocast and internal structures because meninges and vascular tissues mark the inner braincase together with the brain they surround, resulting in a mosaic morphology of the endocast. The hypothesis suggesting that the endocast reflects the brain in terms of both external shape and volume has drastic implications when addressing brain evolution, but it has been rarely discussed. To date, only a single study addressed the correspondence between the brain and braincase in bats. Taking advantage of the advent of imaging techniques, we reviewed the anatomical, neuroanatomical, and angiological literature and compare this knowledge available on bat's braincase anatomy with anatomical observations using a sample of endocranial casts representing most modern bat families. Such comparison allows to propose a Chiroptera-scale nomenclature for future descriptions and comparisons among bat endocasts. Describing the imprints of the tissues surrounding the brain also allows to address to what extent brain features can be blurred or hidden (e.g., hypophysis, epiphysis, colliculi, flocculus). Furthermore, this approach encourages further study to formally test the proposed hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Maugoust
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, département CHANGE, équipe Paléontologie, UMR 5554 Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34095, France
| | - Maeva Judith Orliac
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, département CHANGE, équipe Paléontologie, UMR 5554 Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34095, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Demos TC, Webala PW, Goodman SM, Kerbis Peterhans JC, Lutz HL, Agwanda BR, Cortés-Delgado N, Briones S, Ree RH, Patterson BD. Ultraconserved elements resolve phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of African-Malagasy bent-winged bats (Miniopterus). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 188:107890. [PMID: 37517508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
African-Malagasy species of the bat genus Miniopterus are notable both for the dramatic increase in the number of newly recognized species over the last 15 years, as well as for the profusion of new taxa from Madagascar and the neighboring Comoros. Since 2007, seven new Malagasy Miniopterus species have been described compared to only two new species since 1936 from the Afrotropics. The conservative morphology of Miniopterus and limited geographic sampling in continental Africa have undoubtedly contributed to the deficit of continental species. In addition to uncertainty over species limits, phylogenetic relationships of Miniopterus remain mostly unresolved, particularly at deeper backbone nodes. Previous phylogenetic studies were based on limited taxon sampling and/or limited genetic sampling involving no more than five loci. Here, we conduct the first phylogenomic study of the Afrotropical Miniopteridae by analyzing up to 3772 genome-wide ultraconserved elements (UCEs) from historic and modern samples of 70 individuals from 25 Miniopterus species/lineages. We analyze multiple datasets of varying degrees of completeness (70, 90, and 100 percent complete) using partitioned concatenated maximum likelihood and multispecies coalescent methods. Our well-supported, species-level phylogenies resolved most (6/8 or 7/8) backbone nodes and strongly support for the first time the monophyly of the Malagasy radiation. We inferred the crown age of African Miniopteridae in the late Miocene (10.4 Ma), while the main lineages of Miniopterus appear to have contemporaneously diversified in two sister radiations in the Afrotropics and Madagascar. Species-level divergence of 23 of 25 African + Malagasy Miniopterus were estimated to have 95 % HPDs that overlap with the late Miocene (5.3-10.4 Ma). We present ancestral range estimates that unambiguously support a continental African radiation that originated in the Zambezian and Somalian/Ethiopian biogeographic regions, but we cannot rule out back colonization of Africa from Madagascar. The phylogeny indicates genetic support for up to seven new species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terrence C Demos
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Paul W Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya
| | - Steven M Goodman
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA; Association Vahatra, BP 3972, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Julian C Kerbis Peterhans
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA; College of Arts & Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Holly L Lutz
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Natalia Cortés-Delgado
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stefania Briones
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard H Ree
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce D Patterson
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Weber N, Nagy M, Markotter W, Schaer J, Puechmaille SJ, Sutton J, Dávalos LM, Dusabe MC, Ejotre I, Fenton MB, Knörnschild M, López-Baucells A, Medellin RA, Metz M, Mubareka S, Nsengimana O, O'Mara MT, Racey PA, Tuttle M, Twizeyimana I, Vicente-Santos A, Tschapka M, Voigt CC, Wikelski M, Dechmann DK, Reeder DM. Robust evidence for bats as reservoir hosts is lacking in most African virus studies: a review and call to optimize sampling and conserve bats. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20230358. [PMID: 37964576 PMCID: PMC10646460 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Africa experiences frequent emerging disease outbreaks among humans, with bats often proposed as zoonotic pathogen hosts. We comprehensively reviewed virus-bat findings from papers published between 1978 and 2020 to evaluate the evidence that African bats are reservoir and/or bridging hosts for viruses that cause human disease. We present data from 162 papers (of 1322) with original findings on (1) numbers and species of bats sampled across bat families and the continent, (2) how bats were selected for study inclusion, (3) if bats were terminally sampled, (4) what types of ecological data, if any, were recorded and (5) which viruses were detected and with what methodology. We propose a scheme for evaluating presumed virus-host relationships by evidence type and quality, using the contrasting available evidence for Orthoebolavirus versus Orthomarburgvirus as an example. We review the wording in abstracts and discussions of all 162 papers, identifying key framing terms, how these refer to findings, and how they might contribute to people's beliefs about bats. We discuss the impact of scientific research communication on public perception and emphasize the need for strategies that minimize human-bat conflict and support bat conservation. Finally, we make recommendations for best practices that will improve virological study metadata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Weber
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martina Nagy
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wanda Markotter
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Juliane Schaer
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sébastien J. Puechmaille
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Liliana M. Dávalos
- Department of Ecology and Evolution and Consortium for Inter-Disciplinary Environmental Research, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | | | - Imran Ejotre
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
- Muni University, Arua, Uganda
| | - M. Brock Fenton
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mirjam Knörnschild
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
- Evolutionary Ethology, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | | | - Rodrigo A. Medellin
- Institute of Ecology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - M. Teague O'Mara
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Bat Conservation International Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, USA
| | - Paul A. Racey
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Merlin Tuttle
- Merlin Tuttle's Bat Conservation, Austin, TX USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | | | - Amanda Vicente-Santos
- Graduate Program in Population Biology, Ecology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Marco Tschapka
- University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | | | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dina K.N. Dechmann
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Surján A, Gonzalez G, Gellért Á, Boldogh S, Carr MJ, Harrach B, Vidovszky MZ. First detection and genome analysis of simple nosed bat polyomaviruses in Central Europe. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 112:105439. [PMID: 37105345 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Polyomaviruses (PyVs) are known to infect a diverse range of vertebrate host species. We report the discovery of PyVs in vesper bats (family Vespertilionidae) from sampling in Central Europe. Seven partial VP1 sequences from different PyVs were detected in samples originating from six distinct vesper bat species. Using a methodology based on conserved segments within the major capsid virus protein 1 (VP1) among known PyVs, the complete genomes of two different novel bat PyVs were determined. The genetic distances of the large T antigen coding sequences from these PyVs compared to previously-described bat PyVs exceeded 15% meriting classification as representatives of two novel PyV species: Alphapolyomavirus epserotinus and Alphapolyomavirus myodaubentonii. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both belong to the genus Alphapolyomavirus and clustered together with high confidence in clades including other bat alphapolyomaviruses reported from China, South America and Africa. In silico protein modeling of the VP1 subunits and capsid pentamers, and electrostatic surface potential comparison of the pentamers showed significant differences between the reference template (murine polyomavirus) and the novel bat PyVs. An electrostatic potential difference pattern between the two bat VP1 pentamers was also revealed. Disaccharide molecular docking studies showed that the reference template and both bat PyVs possess the typical shallow sialic acid-binding site located between two VP1 subunits, with relevant oligosaccharide-binding affinities. The characterisation of these novel bat PyVs and the reported properties of their capsid proteins will potentially contribute in the elucidation of the conditions creating the host-pathogen restrictions associated with these viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András Surján
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network (ELKH), Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Japan Initiative for World-leading Vaccine Research and Development Centers, Hokkaido University, Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ákos Gellért
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network (ELKH), Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Michael J Carr
- UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network (ELKH), Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Z Vidovszky
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network (ELKH), Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xie J, Tan B, Zhang Y. Positive Selection and Duplication of Bat TRIM Family Proteins. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040875. [PMID: 37112854 PMCID: PMC10145180 DOI: 10.3390/v15040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats have received increasing attention because of some unique biological features they possess. TRIM is a large family of proteins that participate in diverse cellular functions, such as antiviral immunity, DNA damage repair, tumor suppression, and aging. These functional areas appear to be highly consistent with the special characteristics of bats, such as tolerance to viruses and DNA damage generated in flight, low cancer incidence, and longevity. However, there is still a lack of systematic study of the TRIM family in bats. Here, we explored the TRIM family of bats using the genomes of 16 representative species. The results showed that the bat TRIM family contains 70 members, with 24 under positive selection and 7 duplicated. Additional transcriptomic analysis revealed the tissue-specific expressions of TRIM9, 46, 54, 55, 63, and 72. Additionally, following interferon or viral stimulation, TRIM orthologs associated with antiviral immunity reported in humans were also upregulated in bat cells. The present study systematically analyzed the composition, evolution, and expression of bat TRIM genes. It may provide a theoretical basis for studies of bat TRIM in the fields of antiviral immunity, longevity, and tolerance to DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiazheng Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Bowen Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Amorim FW, Ballarin CS, Spicacci G, Bergamasco G, Carvalho L, Uieda W, Moraes AP. Opossums and birds facilitate the unexpected bat visitation to the ground-flowering Scybalium fungiforme. Ecology 2023; 104:e3935. [PMID: 36464939 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe W Amorim
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações - LEPI, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Caio S Ballarin
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações - LEPI, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Giovana Spicacci
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações - LEPI, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Bergamasco
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações - LEPI, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luana Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações - LEPI, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Wilson Uieda
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações - LEPI, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Moraes
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC-UFABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Louzada NSV, Pessôa LM. External and Skeletal Morphology of Molossus fluminensis Lataste, 1891 (Chiroptera, Molossidae) with Notes on Quadrupedal Locomotion and Habitat Use. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2023. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2022.24.2.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathália S. V. Louzada
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biologia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leila M. Pessôa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biologia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Poon ESK, Chen G, Tsang HY, Shek CT, Tsui WC, Zhao H, Guénard B, Sin SYW. Species richness of bat flies and their associations with host bats in a subtropical East Asian region. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:37. [PMID: 36707856 PMCID: PMC9881358 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the interactions between bat flies and host bats offer us fundamental insights into the coevolutionary and ecological processes in host-parasite relationships. Here, we investigated the identities, host specificity, and patterns of host association of bat flies in a subtropical region in East Asia, which is an understudied region for bat fly research. METHODS We used both morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding to identify the bat fly species found on 11 cavernicolous bat species from five bat families inhabiting Hong Kong. We first determined the phylogenetic relationships among bat fly species. Then, we elucidated the patterns of bat-bat fly associations and calculated the host specificity of each bat fly species. Furthermore, we assembled the mitogenomes of three bat fly species from two families (Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) to contribute to the limited bat fly genetic resources available. RESULTS We examined 641 individuals of bat flies and found 20 species, of which many appeared to be new to science. Species of Nycteribiidae included five Nycteribia spp., three Penicillidia spp., two Phthiridium spp., one Basilia sp., and one species from a hitherto unknown genus, whereas Streblidae included Brachytarsina amboinensis, three Raymondia spp., and four additional Brachytarsina spp. Our bat-bat fly association network shows that certain closely related bat flies within Nycteribiidae and Streblidae only parasitized host bat species that are phylogenetically more closely related. For example, congenerics of Raymondia only parasitized hosts in Rhinolophus and Hipposideros, which are in two closely related families in Rhinolophoidea, but not other distantly related co-roosting species. A wide spectrum of host specificity of these bat fly species was also revealed, with some bat fly species being strictly monoxenous, e.g. nycteribiid Nycteribia sp. A, Phthiridium sp. A, and streblid Raymondia sp. A, while streblid B. amboinensis is polyxenous. CONCLUSIONS The bat fly diversity and specificity uncovered in this study have shed light on the complex bat-bat fly ecology in the region, but more bat-parasite association studies are still needed in East Asian regions like China as a huge number of unknown species likely exists. We highly recommend the use of DNA barcoding to support morphological identification to reveal accurate host-ectoparasite relationships for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Shui Kei Poon
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guoling Chen
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiu Yu Tsang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung Tong Shek
- grid.484292.10000 0004 1774 1243Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD), Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Chi Tsui
- grid.484292.10000 0004 1774 1243Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD), Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huabin Zhao
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Benoit Guénard
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Yung Wa Sin
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The macroevolutionary impact of recent and imminent mammal extinctions on Madagascar. Nat Commun 2023; 14:14. [PMID: 36627274 PMCID: PMC9832013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of Madagascar's unique species are threatened with extinction. However, the severity of recent and potential extinctions in a global evolutionary context is unquantified. Here, we compile a phylogenetic dataset for the complete non-marine mammalian biota of Madagascar and estimate natural rates of extinction, colonization, and speciation. We measure how long it would take to restore Madagascar's mammalian biodiversity under these rates, the "evolutionary return time" (ERT). At the time of human arrival there were approximately 250 species of mammals on Madagascar, resulting from 33 colonisation events (28 by bats), but at least 30 of these species have gone extinct since then. We show that the loss of currently threatened species would have a much deeper long-term impact than all the extinctions since human arrival. A return from current to pre-human diversity would take 1.6 million years (Myr) for bats, and 2.9 Myr for non-volant mammals. However, if species currently classified as threatened go extinct, the ERT rises to 2.9 Myr for bats and 23 Myr for non-volant mammals. Our results suggest that an extinction wave with deep evolutionary impact is imminent on Madagascar unless immediate conservation actions are taken.
Collapse
|
25
|
Pimentel PB, Ferraz JF, Santigo CS, Soares EM, Morielle-Versute E, Taboga SR, Souza CC, Beguelini MR. Comparative analysis of male reproductive accessory glands in bats Histiotus velatus (Vespertilionidae), Molossus rufus (Molossidae), and Peropteryx leucoptera (Emballonuridae). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022. [PMID: 36579698 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high number of species and wide geographic dispersion, reproductive accessory glands (RAGs) of bats have traditionally received little attention in the literature, with some species not even having a basic description of their composition and structure. Thus, this study aimed to analyze and compare the composition, anatomy, and histology of male RAGs of bat species belonging to three of the largest (cosmopolitan) bat families: Vespertilionidae (Histiotus velatus), Molossidae (Molossus rufus), and Emballonuridae (Peropteryx leucoptera), in order to understand the variations in the bat RAGs. The results showed that the RAGs of H. velatus, M. rufus, and P. leucoptera are composed of an intra-abdominal prostatic complex, associated with the urethra, urethral glands, and a pair of inguinal bulbourethral glands; without ampullary glands or seminal vesicles. The prostatic complex can be composed of two (M. rufus and P. leucoptera) or three (H. velatus) prostatic regions, and can be compact (P. leucoptera), semi-lobed (M. rufus), or multilobed (H. velatus). Each prostatic region has unique and distinct characteristics, with the ventral region presenting a holocrine nature, exclusive to bats; while the dorsal and/or dorsolateral regions have similar characteristics to the ventral prostate of rats and to the human peripheral zone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pollyana B Pimentel
- Center of Biological and Health Science, UFOB - Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Juliana Filgueira Ferraz
- Center of Biological and Health Science, UFOB - Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cornélio Souza Santigo
- Center of Biological and Health Science, UFOB - Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Emília Miguel Soares
- Center of Biological and Health Science, UFOB - Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Eliana Morielle-Versute
- Department of Zoology and Botany, UNESP - University Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Biology, UNESP - University Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina C Souza
- Center of Biological and Health Science, UFOB - Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mateus R Beguelini
- Center of Biological and Health Science, UFOB - Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Laine VN, Sävilammi T, Wahlberg N, Meramo K, Ossa G, Johnson JS, Blomberg AS, Yeszhanov AB, Yung V, Paterson S, Lilley TM. Whole-genome Analysis Reveals Contrasting Relationships Among Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genomes Between Three Sympatric Bat Species. Genome Biol Evol 2022; 15:6955983. [PMID: 36546695 PMCID: PMC9825270 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms involved in speciation can be challenging, especially when hybridization or introgression blurs species boundaries. In bats, resolving relationships of some closely related groups has proved difficult due subtle interspecific variation both in morphometrics and molecular data sets. The endemic South American Histiotus bats, currently considered a subgenus of Eptesicus, harbor unresolved phylogenetic relationships and of those is a trio consisting of two closely related species: Eptesicus (Histiotus) macrotus and Eptesicus (Histiotus) montanus, and their relationship with a third, Eptesicus (Histiotus) magellanicus. The three sympatric species bear marked resemblance to each other, but can be differentiated morphologically. Furthermore, previous studies have been unable to differentiate the species from each other at a molecular level. In order to disentangle the phylogenetic relationships of these species, we examined the differentiation patterns and evolutionary history of the three Eptesicus (H.) species at the whole-genome level. The nuclear DNA statistics between the species suggest strong gene flow and recent hybridization between E. (H.) montanus and E. (H.) macrotus, whereas E. (H.) magellanicus shows a higher degree of isolation. In contrast, mitochondrial DNA shows a closer relationship between E. (H.) magellanicus and E. (H.) montanus. Opposing patterns in mtDNA and nuclear markers are often due to differences in dispersal, and here it could be both as a result of isolation in refugia during the last glacial maximum and female philopatry and male-biased dispersal. In conclusion, this study shows the importance of both the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in resolving phylogenetic relationships and species histories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika N Laine
- BatLab Finland, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Sävilammi
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Katarina Meramo
- BatLab Finland, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gonzalo Ossa
- ConserBat EIRL, San Fabian, Chile,Asociación Murciélagos de Chile Pinüike, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joseph S Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Aidyn B Yeszhanov
- Institute of Zoology of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Veronica Yung
- Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Steve Paterson
- Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Environmentally driven phenotypic convergence and niche conservatism accompany speciation in hoary bats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21877. [PMID: 36536003 PMCID: PMC9763480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Species that are geographically widespread may exist across environmentally heterogeneous landscapes that could influence patterns of occupation and phylogeographic structure. Previous studies have suggested that geographic range size should be positively correlated with niche breadth, allowing widespread species to sustain viable populations over diverse environmental gradients. We examined the congruence of phenotypic and phylogenetic divergence with the environmental factors that help maintain species level diversity in the geographically widespread hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus sensu lato) across their distribution. Genetic sequences were analyzed using multiple phylogenetic and species delimitation methods, and phenotypic data were analyzed using supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches. Spatial data from environmental, geographic, and topographic features were analyzed in a multiple regression analysis to determine their relative effect on phenotypic diversity. Ecological niches of each hoary bat species were examined in environmental space to quantify niche overlap, equivalency, and the magnitude of niche differentiation. Phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses support existence of three geographically structured species of hoary bat, each of which is phenotypically distinct. However, the Hawaiian hoary bat is morphologically more similar to the South American species than to the North American species despite a closer phylogenetic relationship to the latter. Multiple regression and niche analyses revealed higher environmental similarities between the South American and Hawaiian species. Hoary bats thus exhibit a pattern of phenotypic variation that disagrees with well-supported genetic divergences, instead indicating phenotypic convergence driven by similar environmental features and relatively conserved niches occupied in tropical latitudes.
Collapse
|
28
|
Chornelia A, Hughes AC. The evolutionary history and ancestral biogeographic range estimation of old-world Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae (Chiroptera). BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:112. [PMID: 36192699 PMCID: PMC9528145 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family Rhinolophidae (horseshoe bats), Hipposideridae (leaf-nosed bats) and Rhinonycteridae (trident bats) are exclusively distributed in the Old-World, and their biogeography reflects the complex historic geological events throughout the Cenozoic. Here we investigated the origin of these families and unravel the conflicting family origin theories using a high resolution tree covering taxa from each zoogeographic realm from Africa to Australia. Ancestral range estimations were performed using a probabilistic approach implemented in BioGeoBEARS with subset analysis per biogeographic range [Old-World as whole, Australia-Oriental-Oceania (AOO) and Afrotropical-Madagascar-Palearctic (AMP)]. RESULT Our result supports an Oriental origin for Rhinolophidae, whereas Hipposideridae originated from the Oriental and African regions in concordance with fossil evidence of both families. The fossil evidence indicates that Hipposideridae has diversified across Eurasia and the Afro-Arabian region since the Middle Eocene. Meanwhile, Rhinonycteridae (the sister family of Hipposideridae) appears to have originated from the Africa region splitting from the common ancestor with Hipposideridae in Africa. Indomalaya is the center of origin of Rhinolophidae AOO lineages, and Indomalayan + Philippines appears to be center of origin of Hipposideridae AOO lineage indicating allopatric speciation and may have involved jump-dispersal (founder-event) speciation within AOO lineage. Wallacea and the Philippines may have been used as stepping stones for dispersal towards Oceania and Australia from the Oriental region. Multiple colonization events via different routes may have occurred in the Philippines (i.e., Palawan and Wallacea) since the Late Miocene. The colonization of Rhinolophidae towards Africa from Asia coincided with the estimated time of Tethys Ocean closure around the Oligocene to Miocene (around 27 Ma), allowing species to disperse via the Arabian Peninsula. Additionally, the number of potential cryptic species in Rhinolophidae in Southeast Asia may have increased since Plio-Pleistocene and late Miocene. CONCLUSION Overall, we conclude an Oriental origin for Rhinolophidae, and Oriental + African for Hipposideridae. The result demonstrates that complex historical events, in addition to species specific ecomorphology and specialization of ecological niches may shape current distributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ada Chornelia
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Landscape Ecology Group, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Huairou, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Alice Catherine Hughes
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yi X, Latch EK. Systematics of the New World bats Eptesicus and Histiotus suggest trans-marine dispersal followed by Neotropical cryptic diversification. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 175:107582. [PMID: 35810969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity can be boosted by colonization of new habitats such as remote islands and separated continents. Molecular studies have suggested that recently evolved organisms probably colonized already separated continents by dispersal, either via land bridge connections or crossing the ocean. Here we test the on-land and trans-marine dispersal hypotheses by evaluating possibilities of colonization routes over the Bering land bridge and across the Atlantic Ocean in the cosmopolitan bat genus Eptesicus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae). Previous molecular studies have found New World Eptesicus more closely related to Histiotus, a Neotropical endemic lineage with enlarged ears, than to Old World Eptesicus. However, phylogenetic relationships within the New World group remained unresolved and their evolutionary history was unclear. Here we studied the systematics of New World Eptesicus and Histiotus using extensive taxonomic and geographic sampling, and genomic data from thousands of ultra-conserved elements (UCEs). We estimated phylogenetic trees using concatenation and multispecies coalescent. All analyses supported four major New World clades and a novel topology where E. fuscus and Histiotus are sister clades that together diverged from two sister clades of Neotropical Eptesicus. Intra-clade divergence suggested cryptic diversity that has been concealed by morphological features, especially in the Neotropics where taxonomic re-evaluations are warranted. Molecular dating estimated that Old World and New World clades diverged around 17 million years ago followed by radiation of major New World clades in the mid-Miocene, when climatic changes might have facilitated global dispersal and radiation events. Biogeographic ancestral reconstruction supported the Neotropical origin of the New World clades, suggesting a trans-Atlantic colonization route from North Africa to the northern Neotropics. We highlight that trans-marine dispersal may be more prevalent than currently acknowledged and may be an important first step to global biodiversification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Yi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
| | - Emily K Latch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li YN, Yu WH, Thapa S, Wu Y. First representative complete mitochondrial genome of the Taphozous melanopogon Temminck, 1841 (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) from China. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2022; 7:1291-1293. [PMID: 35866141 PMCID: PMC9295812 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2022.2081940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present the first representative complete Taphozous melanopogon mitochondrial genome from China. Its mitochondrial genome was assembled and annotated using MitoZ. The genome is a circular molecule of 16,566 bp in length, including 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and a control region. Although maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenetic trees indicate that the super family Emballonuridea forms a sister taxon with Noctilionidea instead of Vespertilionidea, mitochondrial genes provide only part of the phylogenetic information, and phylogenetic inferences utilizing nuclear genes are needed in future toward resolving phylogenetic relationship among Vespertilionidea, Noctilionidea, and Emballonuridea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wen-hua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Sanjan Thapa
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wray AK, Gratton C, Jusino MA, Wang JJ, Kochanski JM, Palmer JM, Banik MT, Lindner DL, Peery MZ. Disease-related population declines in bats demonstrate non-exchangeability in generalist predators. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8978. [PMID: 35784069 PMCID: PMC9170538 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which persisting species may fill the functional role of extirpated or declining species has profound implications for the structure of biological communities and ecosystem functioning. In North America, arthropodivorous bats are threatened on a continent-wide scale by the spread of white-nose syndrome (WNS), a disease caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans. We tested whether bat species that display lower mortality from this disease can partially fill the functional role of other bat species experiencing population declines. Specifically, we performed high-throughput amplicon sequencing of guano from two generalist predators: the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) and big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus). We then compared changes in prey consumption before versus after population declines related to WNS. Dietary niches contracted for both species after large and abrupt declines in little brown bats and smaller declines in big brown bats, but interspecific dietary overlap did not change. Furthermore, the incidence and taxonomic richness of agricultural pest taxa detected in diet samples decreased following bat population declines. Our results suggest that persisting generalist predators do not necessarily expand their dietary niches following population declines in other predators, providing further evidence that the functional roles of different generalist predators are ecologically distinct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy K. Wray
- Department of Forest & Wildlife EcologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Claudio Gratton
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Michelle A. Jusino
- Center for Forest Mycology ResearchNorthern Research StationUSDA Forest ServiceMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Jing Jamie Wang
- Department of Forest & Wildlife EcologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Jade M. Kochanski
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Jonathan M. Palmer
- Center for Forest Mycology ResearchNorthern Research StationUSDA Forest ServiceMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Mark T. Banik
- Center for Forest Mycology ResearchNorthern Research StationUSDA Forest ServiceMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Daniel L. Lindner
- Center for Forest Mycology ResearchNorthern Research StationUSDA Forest ServiceMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - M. Zachariah Peery
- Department of Forest & Wildlife EcologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nishikaku K, Yonezawa T, Nishibori M, Harada M, Kawaguchi F, Sasazaki S, Torii Y, Imakawa K, Kawai K, Liu J, Mannen H, Kobayashi T. Phylogenomics and Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Bovine Leukemia Virus Focusing on Asian Native Cattle: Insights Into the Early Origin and Global Dissemination. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:917324. [PMID: 35814709 PMCID: PMC9263593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.917324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, is currently one of the most important pathogens affecting the cattle industry worldwide. Determining where and in which host it originated, and how it dispersed across continents will provide valuable insights into its historical emergence as the cattle pathogen. Various species in the Bos genus were domesticated in Asia, where they also diversified. As native cattle (taurine cattle, zebu cattle, yak, and water buffalo) are indigenous and adapted to local environments, we hypothesized that Asian native cattle could have harbored BLV and, therefore, that they were important for virus emergence, maintenance, and spread. In this study, phylogeographic and ancestral trait analyses—including sequences obtained from Asian native cattle—were used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of BLV. It was shown that, since its probable emergence in Asia, the virus spread to South America and Europe via international trade of live cattle. It was inferred that zebu cattle were the hosts for the early origin of BLV, while taurine cattle played the significant role in the transmission worldwide. In addition, the results of positive selection analysis indicate that yak had a substantially minor role in the transmission of this virus. In this study, endogenous deltaretrovirus sequences in bats, collected in Asian countries, were also analyzed on whether these sequences were present in the bat genome. Endogenous deltaretrovirus sequences were detected from bat species endemic to specific regions and geographically isolated for a long time. Endogenous deltaretrovirus sequences from these geographically isolated species represent ancient exogenous deltaretroviruses distributions. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that these newly obtained endogenous deltaretrovirus sequences were closely related to those of BLV from Asian native cattle, indicating that BLV-related ancient deltaretroviruses circulated in Asia long before the emergence of BLV. Together, our analyses provide evidence for origin and spatiotemporal dynamics of BLV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Nishikaku
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yonezawa
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Masahide Nishibori
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masashi Harada
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuki Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinji Sasazaki
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasushi Torii
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction, Research Institute of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kuniko Kawai
- Department of Biology, School of Biological Science, Tokai University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry and Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hideyuki Mannen
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tomoko Kobayashi,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pilatti P, Moratelli R, Aguiar LMS, Astúa D. Distribution and Morphological Variation of Xeronycteris vieirai Gregorin and Ditchfield, 2005 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2021.23.2.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pilatti
- Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Avenida Professor Moraes Rêgo, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Moratelli
- Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Rua Sampaio Corrêa s/n, Colônia Juliano Moreira, Taquara, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22713-375, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla M. S. Aguiar
- Laboratório de Biologia e Conservação de Morcegos, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Astúa
- Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Avenida Professor Moraes Rêgo, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fernandes AP, Águeda-Pinto A, Pinheiro A, Rebelo H, Esteves PJ. Evolution of TRIM5 and TRIM22 in Bats Reveals a Complex Duplication Process. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020345. [PMID: 35215944 PMCID: PMC8879501 DOI: 10.3390/v14020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immunological response in mammals involves a diverse and complex network of many proteins. Over the last years, the tripartite motif-containing protein 5 (TRIM5) and 22 (TRIM22) have shown promise as restriction factors of a plethora of viruses that infect primates. Although there have been studies describing the evolution of these proteins in a wide range of mammals, no prior studies of the TRIM6/34/5/22 gene cluster have been performed in the Chiroptera order. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of the evolution of this gene cluster in several bat genomes. Examination of different yangochiroptera and yinpterochiroptera bat species revealed a dynamic history of gene expansion occurring in TRIM5 and TRIM22 genes. Multiple copies of TRIM5 were found in the genomes of several bats, demonstrating a very low degree of conservation in the synteny of this gene among species of the Chiroptera order. Our findings also reveal that TRIM22 is often found duplicated in yangochiroptera bat species, an evolutionary phenomenon not yet observed in any other lineages of mammals. In total, we identified 31 TRIM5 and 19 TRIM22 amino acids to be evolving under positive selection, with most of the residues being placed in the PRYSPRY domain, known to be responsible for binding to the viral capsid during restriction in the primate orthologous TRIM proteins. Altogether, our results help to shed light on the distinctive role of bats in nature as reservoirs of viruses, many of which have become threatening zoonotic diseases through virus spillover in the last decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre P. Fernandes
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.P.F.); (A.Á.-P.); (A.P.); (H.R.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Ana Águeda-Pinto
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.P.F.); (A.Á.-P.); (A.P.); (H.R.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Ana Pinheiro
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.P.F.); (A.Á.-P.); (A.P.); (H.R.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Hugo Rebelo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.P.F.); (A.Á.-P.); (A.P.); (H.R.)
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro J. Esteves
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.P.F.); (A.Á.-P.); (A.P.); (H.R.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- CITS—Centro de Investigac¸ão em Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Saúde do Norte (IPSN), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bondet V, Le Baut M, Le Poder S, Lécu A, Petit T, Wedlarski R, Duffy D, Le Roux D. Constitutive IFNα Protein Production in Bats. Front Immunol 2021; 12:735866. [PMID: 34790193 PMCID: PMC8591296 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.735866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are the only mammals with self-powered flight and account for 20% of all extant mammalian diversity. In addition, they harbor many emerging and reemerging viruses, including multiple coronaviruses, several of which are highly pathogenic in other mammals, but cause no disease in bats. How this symbiotic relationship between bats and viruses exists is not yet fully understood. Existing evidence supports a specific role for the innate immune system, in particular type I interferon (IFN) responses, a major component of antiviral immunity. Previous studies in bats have shown that components of the IFN pathway are constitutively activated at the transcriptional level. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the type I IFN response in bats is also constitutively activated at the protein level. For this, we utilized highly sensitive Single Molecule (Simoa) digital ELISA assays, previously developed for humans that we adapted to bat samples. We prospectively sampled four non-native chiroptera species from French zoos. We identified a constitutive expression of IFNα protein in the circulation of healthy bats, and concentrations that are physiologically active in humans. Expression levels differed according to the species examined, but were not associated with age, sex, or health status suggesting constitutive IFNα protein expression independent of disease. These results confirm a unique IFN response in bat species that may explain their ability to coexist with multiple viruses in the absence of pathology. These results may help to manage potential zoonotic viral reservoirs and potentially identify new anti-viral strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Bondet
- Translational Immunology Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Le Baut
- BioPôle Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Le Poder
- BioPôle Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.,Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alexis Lécu
- Parc Zoologique de Paris, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | | | - Rudy Wedlarski
- Bioparc Zoo de Doué La Fontaine, Doué-la-Fontaine, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Le Roux
- BioPôle Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.,Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chiropteran (Chiroptera; Mammalia) taxonomy in light of modern methods and approaches. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF THERIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.20.2.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
37
|
Guo W, Liang X, Wu Y, Yu W. The complete mitochondrial genome of Tylonycteris fulvida (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in South China. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:3274-3275. [PMID: 34712809 PMCID: PMC8547857 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1993103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of Tylonycteris fulvida (Peters, 1872) was obtained using high-throughput sequencing technology. The genome is a circular molecule of 16,621 bp length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region. A phylogenetic tree of 13 protein-coding genes was constructed using IQ-TREE. Our result suggests that T. fulvida cluster within Chiroptera and Fereuungulata. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of T. fulvida will be helpful for future taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on Chiroptera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nesi N, Tsagkogeorga G, Tsang SM, Nicolas V, Lalis A, Scanlon AT, Riesle-Sbarbaro SA, Wiantoro S, Hitch AT, Juste J, Pinzari CA, Bonaccorso FJ, Todd CM, Lim BK, Simmons NB, McGowen MR, Rossiter SJ. Interrogating Phylogenetic Discordance Resolves Deep Splits in the Rapid Radiation of Old World Fruit Bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). Syst Biol 2021; 70:1077-1089. [PMID: 33693838 PMCID: PMC8513763 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Pteropodidae (Old World fruit bats) comprises $>$200 species distributed across the Old World tropics and subtropics. Most pteropodids feed on fruit, suggesting an early origin of frugivory, although several lineages have shifted to nectar-based diets. Pteropodids are of exceptional conservation concern with $>$50% of species considered threatened, yet the systematics of this group has long been debated, with uncertainty surrounding early splits attributed to an ancient rapid diversification. Resolving the relationships among the main pteropodid lineages is essential if we are to fully understand their evolutionary distinctiveness, and the extent to which these bats have transitioned to nectar-feeding. Here we generated orthologous sequences for $>$1400 nuclear protein-coding genes (2.8 million base pairs) across 114 species from 43 genera of Old World fruit bats (57% and 96% of extant species- and genus-level diversity, respectively), and combined phylogenomic inference with filtering by information content to resolve systematic relationships among the major lineages. Concatenation and coalescent-based methods recovered three distinct backbone topologies that were not able to be reconciled by filtering via phylogenetic information content. Concordance analysis and gene genealogy interrogation show that one topology is consistently the best supported, and that observed phylogenetic conflicts arise from both gene tree error and deep incomplete lineage sorting. In addition to resolving long-standing inconsistencies in the reported relationships among major lineages, we show that Old World fruit bats have likely undergone at least seven independent dietary transitions from frugivory to nectarivory. Finally, we use this phylogeny to identify and describe one new genus. [Chiroptera; coalescence; concordance; incomplete lineage sorting; nectar feeder; species tree; target enrichment.].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Nesi
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Georgia Tsagkogeorga
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Susan M Tsang
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
- Zoology Section, National Museum of Natural History, Manila, Philippines
| | - Violaine Nicolas
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Aude Lalis
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Annette T Scanlon
- School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Silke A Riesle-Sbarbaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sigit Wiantoro
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Alan T Hitch
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Javier Juste
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Christopher M Todd
- The Hawkesbury institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | - Burton K Lim
- Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada
| | - Nancy B Simmons
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
| | - Michael R McGowen
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephen J Rossiter
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Velazco PM, Almeida FC, Cláudio VC, Giménez AL, Giannini NP. A New Species of Histiotus Gervais, 1856 (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), from the Pacific Coast of Northern Peru. AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1206/3979.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
40
|
Upham NS, Esselstyn JA, Jetz W. Molecules and fossils tell distinct yet complementary stories of mammal diversification. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4195-4206.e3. [PMID: 34329589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reconstructing the tempo at which biodiversity arose is a fundamental goal of evolutionary biologists, yet the relative merits of evolutionary-rate estimates are debated based on whether they are derived from the fossil record or time-calibrated phylogenies (timetrees) of living species. Extinct lineages unsampled in timetrees are known to "pull" speciation rates downward, but the temporal scale at which this bias matters is unclear. To investigate this problem, we compare mammalian diversification-rate signatures in a credible set of molecular timetrees (n = 5,911 species, ∼70% from DNA) to those in fossil genus durations (n = 5,320). We use fossil extinction rates to correct or "push" the timetree-based (pulled) speciation-rate estimates, finding a surge of speciation during the Paleocene (∼66-56 million years ago, Ma) between the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary and the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). However, about two-thirds of the K-Pg-to-PETM originating taxa did not leave modern descendants, indicating that this rate signature is likely undetectable from extant lineages alone. For groups without substantial fossil records, thankfully all is not lost. Pushed and pulled speciation rates converge starting ∼10 Ma and are equal at the present day when recent evolutionary processes can be estimated without bias using species-specific "tip" rates of speciation. Clade-wide moments of tip rates also enable enriched inference, as the skewness of tip rates is shown to approximate a clade's extent of past diversification-rate shifts. Molecular timetrees need fossil-correction to address deep-time questions, but they are sufficient for shallower time questions where extinctions are fewer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S Upham
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Jacob A Esselstyn
- Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Giannini NP, Goloboff PA. DUALCOR: a phylogenetic comparative method to evaluate phylogenetic correlation between a character and a non-evolving external variable. Cladistics 2021; 37:586-595. [PMID: 34570936 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A new phylogenetic comparative method called DUALCOR is presented to evaluate the evolutionary response of a character to non-evolving external factors, such as environmental variables. The method treats the character as a typical evolving feature of an organism that is reconstructed on a given tree, whereas the external factor is treated as unrelated to the phylogeny. DUALCOR first calculates the correlation/regression between the observed values of the character and the external factor; then it maps the character onto the phylogeny, shuffles the changes among branches, and re-evolves the character to yield new terminal values uncorrelated with the observed values of the external factor, allowing users to examine whether the observed degree of correlation can be attained at random. This is repeated n (say, 999) times, thereby using the dual nature of characters to construct a permutation test that is shown to satisfy requirements of Generalized Monte Carlo procedures. In addition, we provide an empirical example with a reverse test where the external variable (features determined largely by non-heritable factors) is the dependent variable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norberto P Giannini
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, CONICET / Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, 4000, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, 4000, Argentina.,Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Pablo A Goloboff
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, CONICET / Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, 4000, Argentina.,Department of Entomology, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Monroy FP, Solari S, Lopez JÁ, Agudelo-Flórez P, Peláez Sánchez RG. High Diversity of Leptospira Species Infecting Bats Captured in the Urabá Region (Antioquia-Colombia). Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091897. [PMID: 34576792 PMCID: PMC8469583 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Leptospira. This zoonotic disease affects humans, domestic animals and wild animals. Colombia is considered an endemic country for leptospirosis; Antioquia is the second department in Colombia, with the highest number of reported leptospirosis cases. Currently, many studies report bats as reservoirs of Leptospira spp. but the prevalence in these mammals is unknown. The goal of this study was to better understand the role of bats as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species and to evaluate the genetic diversity of circulating Leptospira species in Antioquia-Colombia. We captured 206 bats in the municipalities of Chigorodó (43 bats), Carepa (43 bats), Apartadó (39 bats), Turbo (40 bats), and Necoclí (41 bats) in the Urabá region (Antioquia-Colombia). Twenty bats tested positive for Leptospira spp. infection (20/206—9.70%) and the species of infected bats were Carollia perspicillata, Dermanura rava, Glossophaga soricina, Molossus molossus, Artibeus planirostris, and Uroderma convexum. These species have different feeding strategies such as frugivorous, insectivores, and nectarivores. The infecting Leptospira species identified were Leptospira borgpetersenii (3/20–15%), Leptospira alexanderi (2/20–10%), Leptospira noguchii (6/20–30%), Leptospira interrogans (3/20–15%), and Leptospira kirschneri (6/20–30%). Our results showed the importance of bats in the epidemiology, ecology, and evolution of Leptospira in this host-pathogen association. This is the first step in deciphering the role played by bats in the epidemiology of human leptospirosis in the endemic region of Urabá (Antioquia-Colombia).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando P. Monroy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-928-523-0042
| | - Sergio Solari
- Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia, Medellín 50010, Colombia;
| | - Juan Álvaro Lopez
- Microbiology School, Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín 50010, Colombia;
| | - Piedad Agudelo-Flórez
- Basic Science Research Group, Graduate School—CES University, Medellín 50021, Colombia; (P.A.-F.); (R.G.P.S.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rivero-Monteagudo JA, Pellón JJ, Williams M. Environmental Seasonality Explains Reproductive Timing of Short-Tailed Fruit Bats in a Premontane Forest of Central Peru. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2021.23.1.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Rivero-Monteagudo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal y Biorremediación Luis Basto Acosta, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina, 15024, Lima, Perú
| | - Juan J. Pellón
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal y Biorremediación Luis Basto Acosta, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina, 15024, Lima, Perú
| | - Marta Williams
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal y Biorremediación Luis Basto Acosta, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina, 15024, Lima, Perú
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Volleth M, Khan FAA, Müller S, Baker RJ, Arenas-Viveros D, Stevens RD, Trifonov V, Liehr T, Heller KG, Sotero-Caio CG. Cytogenetic Investigations in Bornean Rhinolophoidea Revealed Cryptic Diversity in Rhinolophus sedulus Entailing Classification of Peninsular Malaysia Specimens as a New Species. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2021.23.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Volleth
- Department of Human Genetics, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Faisal A. A. Khan
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Stefan Müller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Goethestr. 29, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Robert J. Baker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main St., 79409-3131, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Daniela Arenas-Viveros
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main St., 79409-3131, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Richard D. Stevens
- Department of Natural Resources Management and Natural Sciences Research Laboratory of the Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3131, USA
| | - Vladimir Trifonov
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of RAS, Lavrentiev Avenue 8/2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Cibele G. Sotero-Caio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main St., 79409-3131, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jones MF, Li Q, Ni X, Beard KC. The earliest Asian bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) address major gaps in bat evolution. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20210185. [PMID: 34186001 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats dispersed widely after evolving the capacity for powered flight, and fossil bats are known from the early Eocene of most continents. Until now, however, bats have been conspicuously absent from the early Eocene of mainland Asia. Here, we report two teeth from the Junggar Basin of northern Xinjiang, China belonging to the first known early Eocene bats from Asia, representing arguably the most plesiomorphic bat molars currently recognized. These teeth combine certain bat synapomorphies with primitive traits found in other placental mammals, thereby potentially illuminating dental evolution among stem bats. The Junggar Basin teeth suggest that the dentition of the stem chiropteran family Onychonycteridae is surprisingly derived, although their postcranial anatomy is more primitive than that of any other Eocene bats. Additional comparisons with stem bat families Icaronycteridae and Archaeonycteridae fail to identify unambiguous synapomorphies for the latter taxa, raising the possibility that neither is monophyletic as currently recognized. The presence of highly plesiomorphic bats in the early Eocene of central Asia suggests that this region was an important locus for the earliest, transitional phases of bat evolution, as has been demonstrated for other placental mammal orders including Lagomorpha and Rodentia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Jones
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xijun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - K Christopher Beard
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hardmeier I, Aeberhard N, Qi W, Schoenbaechler K, Kraettli H, Hatt JM, Fraefel C, Kubacki J. Metagenomic analysis of fecal and tissue samples from 18 endemic bat species in Switzerland revealed a diverse virus composition including potentially zoonotic viruses. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252534. [PMID: 34133435 PMCID: PMC8208571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many recent disease outbreaks in humans had a zoonotic virus etiology. Bats in particular have been recognized as reservoirs to a large variety of viruses with the potential to cross-species transmission. In order to assess the risk of bats in Switzerland for such transmissions, we determined the virome of tissue and fecal samples of 14 native and 4 migrating bat species. In total, sequences belonging to 39 different virus families, 16 of which are known to infect vertebrates, were detected. Contigs of coronaviruses, adenoviruses, hepeviruses, rotaviruses A and H, and parvoviruses with potential zoonotic risk were characterized in more detail. Most interestingly, in a ground stool sample of a Vespertilio murinus colony an almost complete genome of a Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was detected by Next generation sequencing and confirmed by PCR. In conclusion, bats in Switzerland naturally harbour many different viruses. Metagenomic analyses of non-invasive samples like ground stool may support effective surveillance and early detection of viral zoonoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadja Aeberhard
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Weihong Qi
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jean-Michel Hatt
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornel Fraefel
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakub Kubacki
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Saikia U, Chakravarty R, Hegde VD, Meetei AB, Kruskop S, Csorba G, Ruedi M. First record of Disk-footed bat Eudiscopus denticulus (Osgood, 1932) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from India with notes on its ecology and genetics. REV SUISSE ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.35929/rsz.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Saikia
- Zoological Survey of India, North Eastern Regional Centre, Risa Colony, Shillong, Meghalaya-793003, India
| | - Rohit Chakravarty
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vishwanath D. Hegde
- Zoological Survey of India, North Eastern Regional Centre, Risa Colony, Shillong, Meghalaya-793003, India
| | - Asem Bipin Meetei
- Zoological Survey of India, North Eastern Regional Centre, Risa Colony, Shillong, Meghalaya-793003, India
| | - Sergei Kruskop
- Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, Ul. Bolshaya Nikitskaya 2, 125009 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gabor Csorba
- Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Baross 13., H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Manuel Ruedi
- Department of Mammalogy and Ornithology, Muséum d'histoire naturelle, C.P. 6434, CH-1211 Genève 6, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
DNA methylation predicts age and provides insight into exceptional longevity of bats. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1615. [PMID: 33712580 PMCID: PMC7955057 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Exceptionally long-lived species, including many bats, rarely show overt signs of aging, making it difficult to determine why species differ in lifespan. Here, we use DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles from 712 known-age bats, representing 26 species, to identify epigenetic changes associated with age and longevity. We demonstrate that DNAm accurately predicts chronological age. Across species, longevity is negatively associated with the rate of DNAm change at age-associated sites. Furthermore, analysis of several bat genomes reveals that hypermethylated age- and longevity-associated sites are disproportionately located in promoter regions of key transcription factors (TF) and enriched for histone and chromatin features associated with transcriptional regulation. Predicted TF binding site motifs and enrichment analyses indicate that age-related methylation change is influenced by developmental processes, while longevity-related DNAm change is associated with innate immunity or tumorigenesis genes, suggesting that bat longevity results from augmented immune response and cancer suppression.
Collapse
|
49
|
Almeida FC, Amador LI, Giannini NP. Explosive radiation at the origin of Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-021-00480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
50
|
Lattenkamp EZ, Nagy M, Drexl M, Vernes SC, Wiegrebe L, Knörnschild M. Hearing sensitivity and amplitude coding in bats are differentially shaped by echolocation calls and social calls. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20202600. [PMID: 33402076 PMCID: PMC7892409 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences in auditory perception between species are influenced by phylogenetic origin and the perceptual challenges imposed by the natural environment, such as detecting prey- or predator-generated sounds and communication signals. Bats are well suited for comparative studies on auditory perception since they predominantly rely on echolocation to perceive the world, while their social calls and most environmental sounds have low frequencies. We tested if hearing sensitivity and stimulus level coding in bats differ between high and low-frequency ranges by measuring auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) of 86 bats belonging to 11 species. In most species, auditory sensitivity was equally good at both high- and low-frequency ranges, while amplitude was more finely coded for higher frequency ranges. Additionally, we conducted a phylogenetic comparative analysis by combining our ABR data with published data on 27 species. Species-specific peaks in hearing sensitivity correlated with peak frequencies of echolocation calls and pup isolation calls, suggesting that changes in hearing sensitivity evolved in response to frequency changes of echolocation and social calls. Overall, our study provides the most comprehensive comparative assessment of bat hearing capacities to date and highlights the evolutionary pressures acting on their sensory perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ella Z Lattenkamp
- Department Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany.,Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Nagy
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Drexl
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (IFB), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja C Vernes
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lutz Wiegrebe
- Department Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mirjam Knörnschild
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany.,Animal Behavior Lab, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| |
Collapse
|