1
|
Wong J, Su H, Kudla A, Munsell EGS, Ezeife N, Crown D, Trierweiler R, Capraro P, Tomazin S, Park M, Heinemann AW. Facilitators and barriers to employment for people with physical disabilities: A cross-sectional study. Work 2024:WOR220721. [PMID: 38905070 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that employment, or the lack thereof, affects an individual's health. Consequently, employment provides people with physical disabilities (PWPD) with financial independence, enhances their well-being and self-worth, and facilitates a sense of purpose. People with physical disabilities often retain job skills and motivation to return to work after acquiring a disability. Their vocational rehabilitation and job accommodation needs likely differ from people with disabilities resulting from developmental, sensory, cognitive, and mental health conditions. To better target the needs of PWPD and improve vocational rehabilitation services, it is crucial to identify the modifiable factors that influence their employment outcomes. OBJECTIVE This research aimed to examine systematically the client-, employer-, and context-related facilitators and barriers to employment experienced by PWPD. METHODS We recruited to this cross-sectional study, PWPD from the Midwestern United States who returned to work after injury or illness. An online survey collected data on demographic characteristics and educational history; disability and functional status; supports, facilitators and barriers to employment; and job information and accommodations. RESULTS 347 working-age PWPD completed the survey; at the time of survey completion, 270 were working and 77 were not. People with physical disabilities who reported social support and encouragement at work were more likely to be working than respondents who did not. Negative attitudes of supervisors and colleagues, inaccessible work environments, and inflexible work schedules were barriers to employment. Important reasons for working included financial needs, a sense of purpose, and self-worth. CONCLUSIONS Results provide insights into the importance of social supports in the work environment. Novel approaches are needed to develop supportive relationships with supervisors and coworkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasin Wong
- Department of Special Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Han Su
- School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Angelika Kudla
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Nnaemezie Ezeife
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deborah Crown
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Trierweiler
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pamela Capraro
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Mirang Park
- Rehabilitation Counseling Department, Kosin University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Allen W Heinemann
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smith MJ, Sherwood KL, Genova HM, Ross B, DaWalt LS, Bishop L, Telfer D, Brown C, Sanchez B, Kallen MA. Psychometric properties of the mock interview rating scale for autistic transition-age youth. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1235056. [PMID: 38025460 PMCID: PMC10657996 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1235056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Employment is a major contributor to quality of life. However, autistic people are often unemployed and underemployed. One potential barrier to employment is the job interview. However, the availability of psychometrically-evaluated assessments of job interviewing skills is limited for autism services providers and researchers. Objective We analyzed the psychometric properties of the Mock Interview Rating Scale that was adapted for research with autistic transition-age youth (A-MIRS; a comprehensive assessment of video-recorded job interview role-play scenarios using anchor-based ratings for 14 scripted job scenarios). Methods Eighty-five transition-age youth with autism completed one of two randomized controlled trials to test the effectiveness of two interventions focused on job interview skills. All participants completed a single job interview role-play at pre-test that was scored by raters using the A-MIRS. We analyzed the structure of the A-MIRS using classical test theory, which involved conducting both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes, Rasch model analysis and calibration techniques. We then assessed internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and test-retest reliability. Pearson correlations were used to assess the A-MIRS' construct, convergent, divergent, criterion, and predictive validities by comparing it to demographic, clinical, cognitive, work history measures, and employment outcomes. Results Results revealed an 11-item unidimensional construct with strong internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and test-retest reliability. Construct [pragmatic social skills (r = 0.61, p < 0.001), self-reported interview skills (r = 0.34, p = 0.001)], divergent [e.g., age (r = -0.13, p = 0.26), race (r = 0.02, p = 0.87)], and predictive validities [competitive employment (r = 0.31, p = 0.03)] received initial support via study correlations, while convergent [e.g., intrinsic motivation (r = 0.32, p = 0.007), job interview anxiety (r = -0.19, p = 0.08)] and criterion [e.g., prior employment (r = 0.22, p = 0.046), current employment (r = 0.21, p = 0.054)] validities were limited. Conclusion The psychometric properties of the 11-item A-MIRS ranged from strong-to-acceptable, indicating it may have utility as a reliable and valid method for assessing the job interview skills of autistic transition-age youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Smith
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kari L. Sherwood
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Helen M. Genova
- Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Brittany Ross
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Lauren Bishop
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Cheryl Brown
- Ann Arbor Public Schools, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Michael A. Kallen
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paul KI, Hollederer A. Unemployment and Job Search Behavior among People with Disabilities during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6036. [PMID: 37297640 PMCID: PMC10252648 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20116036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Not much is known about how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the labor market experiences of people with disabilities. Since they constitute a generally disadvantaged group in the labor market, it is important to scrutinize whether their position has worsened during these difficult times and how they reacted with regard to their job search behavior. We therefore used data for the year 2020 from a large German panel (Panel Arbeitsmarkt und Soziale Sicherung, PASS), in order to scrutinize the prevalence of unemployment among people with disabilities (N = 739) during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The factors that affected their unemployment status were also analyzed. The study found that people with legally recognized disabilities were more often unemployed than non-disabled people, even when controlling for possible confounding factors such as age, gender, or education. This effect was significant for severe disabilities and marginally significant for minor disabilities. Additionally, the type of disability affected the probability of being unemployed, with cardiovascular diseases, mental illnesses, and musculoskeletal disorders carrying a higher risk. In terms of job-seeking behavior, unemployed people with disabilities reported using some job search methods more frequently than their non-disabled counterparts. However, the intensity of the job search did not differ significantly between the two groups. Further differences were found when analyzing the reasons for abstinence from searching for a job, with unemployed people with disabilities primarily citing health-related factors (with a frequency of over 90%). In summary, health played a pivotal role in determining disabled people's labor market experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Ingmar Paul
- School of Business, Economics, and Society, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 90403 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Alfons Hollederer
- Department of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Faculty of Human Sciences (FB 01), University of Kassel, 34127 Kassel, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tomas V, Ahmed H, Lindsay S. Unravelling the Complexities of Workplace Disclosure Among Persons with Non-Visible Disabilities and Illnesses: A Qualitative Meta-Ethnography. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2022; 32:538-563. [PMID: 35038104 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deciding whether and how to disclose a disability at work for persons with non-visible disabilities and illnesses involve complex processes. Research has focused on antecedents and outcomes of disclosure. More research is needed to understand the lived experiences related to disclosure decision-making and actual navigation of disclosure and concealment at work. PURPOSE To understand the experiences of persons with non-visible disabilities and illnesses regarding workplace disclosure decision-making, navigating disclosure and/or concealment, and experiential differences across disability and illness types, ages, geographic locations, and genders. METHODS We conducted a qualitative meta-synthesis using Noblit and Hare's seven steps of meta-ethnography. Searches were conducted via six databases. Studies were analyzed to develop conceptual categories, third-order constructs (themes), and a line-of-argument with comparisons drawn from the disclosure decision making model, disclosure process model, and consideration of disability and illness types, genders, ages, and geographic locations. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were included involving 489 participants, aged 16 to 81, from nine countries, focusing on one non-visible disability or illness, or multiple. We developed four themes for the disclosure decision-making process (self- and other-focused, experiential, and environmental/workplace factors) and two themes for the disclosure/concealment event (disclosure/concealment logistics and timing) and noted emerging trends across ages, genders, disability and illness types, and geographic locations. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge obtained could be used among professionals who support persons with non-visible disabilities and illnesses to help them navigate disclosure at work, and to consider the role of age, genders, disability and illness types, and geographic locations on disclosure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Tomas
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Hiba Ahmed
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sally Lindsay
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schiffmann B, Finger ME, Karcz K, Staubli S, Trezzini B. Factors related to sustainable employment of people with acquired brain injury or spinal cord injury: The employer's perspective. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:876389. [PMID: 36188914 PMCID: PMC9397857 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.876389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Of those people with an acquired brain injury (ABI) or spinal cord injury (SCI) who initially successfully returned to paid employment, some exit the workforce before reaching official retirement age. Employers play a central role in ensuring a sustainable work situation for employees with a disability and in preventing such exits. However, the factors and mechanisms involved from the employer's perspective are still poorly understood. Purpose The purpose was to determine factors which, from employer's perspective, have a particularly positive or negative influence on sustainable employment of people with ABI or SCI. Methods Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with employers of people with ABI or SCI and thematically analyzed. Results Identified factors could be assigned to four thematic areas for both health conditions: socio-demographic and psychological characteristics of the disabled person, their work performance, the work environment, and other social/environmental conditions. Good disability self-management and proactive communication of needs on the part of the employee are contributing factors to long-term employment from the employer's perspective. Differing expectations and assessments of work performance by employees and employers pose a challenge. Employers feel a responsibility to provide an optimal work environment to allow the employee with a disability to reach his or her full potential. This includes appropriate work tasks, development opportunities, a compassionate work team, flexible work arrangements, providing resources to address specific needs, and an inclusive culture. Employers find the support provided by occupational specialists very helpful, as they often lack the knowledge to design the work environment to meet the person's needs. Conclusions Employers emphasize the benefits of professional support during vocational rehabilitation to prepare employers and employees for long-term, sustainable employment. Such support is often lacking when changes and problems occur at a later stage. Therefore, people with a disability should be able to communicate their work-related needs and take charge of their own health so that problems that arise can be addressed as early as possible. Continued awareness of the environment is also beneficial. In addition, the expansion of low-threshold health-specific support services for long-term problems was found to be of great importance for employers in Switzerland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katarzyna Karcz
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Østerud KL. A balancing act: The employer perspective on disability disclosure in hiring. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-221192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: How to disclose an impairment during the hiring process is an important question for disabled people, yet the associated employer perspective remains overlooked in the literature. OBJECTIVE: The article investigates whether, when and how employers prefer jobseekers to disclose their impairment during the recruitment process. Stigma and impression management is used as a theoretical lens to interpret employer responses. METHODS: The article uses interview data from 38 Norwegian employers paired with behavioral data from a recruitment situation. Prior to the interviews, the employers were subjected to a field experiment wherein pairs of fictitious applications were submitted for real job listings. In these, one of the applicants disclosed either a mobility impairment or a mental health condition. RESULTS: The findings show that disability disclosure is a balancing act between appearing candid and demonstrating competence and that employers favor identity management strategies that present disability in a positive and unobtrusive manner and downplay the impairment. The employers favored disclosure but expected wheelchair users to disclose their impairment earlier than people with mental health conditions. Furthermore, employers with a relational view on disability were found to be more open to hiring disabled people. CONCLUSIONS: The article illustrates how disclosure expectations can represent a significant disability penalty, thus hampering employment advancement for disabled people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Larsen Østerud
- NOVA – Norwegian Social Research, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lei X, Wu H, Ye Q. Pregnant women's coping strategies, participation roles and social support in the online community during the COVID-19. Inf Process Manag 2022; 59:102932. [PMID: 35350669 PMCID: PMC8942708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipm.2022.102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women are experiencing enormous physical changes and suffering pregnancy-related losses, which may lead to depression symptoms during pregnancy. Given that the onslaught of COVID-19 had exacerbated pregnant women's anxiety because of disruptions in antenatal care and concerns regarding safe delivery, it is worth exploring how they obtain social support to cope with stress during COVID-19. Although many works have explored the impact of coping resources that people have on coping strategies, few studies have been done on the relationship between people's coping strategies and their acquisition of coping resources such as social support. To fill this gap, based on the stress and coping theory (SCT) and social penetration theory (SPT), this study investigates the impacts of pregnant women's different coping strategies on the acquisition of social support and the moderating role of the adverse impacts of COVID-19 and their online participation roles (support providers vs. support seekers) using the data of 814 pregnant women's online behavior from a parenting community in China1. Our study indicates that both women's superficial level disclosure and personal level disclosure positively affect online social support received. Moreover, self-disclosure about the adverse impacts of COVID-19 negatively moderates the relationship between personal level disclosure and social support received. Participation role positively moderates the relationship between personal level disclosure and social support received, but negatively moderates the relationship between superficial level disclosure and social support received. This paper makes theoretical contributions to the literature of SCT, SPT and the literature about social support in online communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Lei
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Wu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Simpson E, Miller WC, Schmidt J, Borisoff J, Mortenson WB. The COVID-19 Pandemic Related Lived Experiences of Individuals With a Spinal Cord Injury/Disease. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:834909. [PMID: 36188890 PMCID: PMC9397773 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.834909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 related restrictions and recommendations have impacted everyone. Those living with a disability, such as individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI), may have had pandemic related changes made yet more challenging by societal failures to accommodate their mobility, physical abilities, and health care needs. To better understand participants experiences we drew upon Heidegger's phenomenology and the mobilities paradigm. The objective of this study was to explore COVID-19 pandemic related lived-experiences of individuals with an SCI. Materials and Methods This study used an interpretive phenomenological methodology. Semi-structured interviews were the primary means of data collection. These were conducting in May and June of 2020, roughly 2–3 months into the pandemic. Transcript data were analyzed using a phenomenological methodology. Results We interviewed 22 participants with SCI, the mean age was 54 years, and nine were females. We identified three themes: (1) Experiencing changes to mobility and daily life described how new rules had impacted everyday life and usual routines, particularly in regard to mobility. (2) Struggling with new challenges explored some of the negative experiences of the pandemic. (3) Being resilient in the face of a new normal conveyed the resilience participants exhibited despite challenges. Conclusion Although our findings indicate some positive changes and highlight the strengths that many individuals with SCI have, they also accentuate issues with ableism within the medical system. Certain changes were made primarily because people without disabilities needed them, and several COVID-19 changes were made without consulting individuals with disabilities. With physical movement restricted, our findings emphasize the importance of the movement of information and a need for increased dialogue with people in the SCI community about their ongoing pandemic related needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Simpson
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- GF Strong Rehabilitation Research Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William C. Miller
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- GF Strong Rehabilitation Research Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julia Schmidt
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- GF Strong Rehabilitation Research Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jaimie Borisoff
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Rehabilitation Engineering Design, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - W. Ben Mortenson
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- GF Strong Rehabilitation Research Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: W. Ben Mortenson
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Greifenberg A, Bauer J, Chakraverty V, Niehaus M. Working with chronic health conditions and the disclosure decision-conflict: Development of a web-based interactive self-test to support an informed decision –A brief report. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-221183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: For employees with chronic health conditions the decision of whether or not to disclose their condition to colleagues or supervisors is both far reaching and hard to make. OBJECTIVE: In accordance with an expert panel, we developed a web-based self-test to provide easily accessible decision support for those who are not (yet) ready for personal counseling. METHODS: This report provides an overview of the web-based self-test for disclosure in the workplace. RESULTS: The self-test consists of a series of questions about the user’s personal situation. In order to reach a broad target-group it is applicable across health conditions and is made available online. CONCLUSION: Unlike other existing web-based offers the self-test is interactive, considers the personal situation of the user and provides individualized feedback that refers to additional resources (e.g., personal counselling).
Collapse
|
10
|
Hyseni F, Myderrizi A, Blanck P. Diversity and inclusion in the legal profession: disclosure of cancer and other health conditions by lawyers with disabilities and lawyers who identify as LGBTQ + . J Cancer Surviv 2022; 16:165-182. [PMID: 35107800 PMCID: PMC8809243 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-021-01143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given the training and experience of lawyers, we assumed that a study of lawyers' willingness to disclose disability in the workplace would provide an example of the actions of a group knowledgeable about disability law. The current study accounts for the effect of visibility of disability, onset and type of disability, and whether the lawyer has made an accommodation request. We also investigate the role of other individual characteristics, such as sexual orientation, gender identity, race/ethnicity, age, and job-related characteristics, in willingness to disclose. METHODS We use data from the first phase of a longitudinal national survey of lawyers in the USA to estimate the odds of disclosing disability to co-workers, management, and clients using proportional odds models. RESULTS Lawyers with less visible disabilities, those with mental health disabilities, and those who work for smaller organizations have lower odds of disclosing to co-workers, management, and clients as compared to their counterparts. Attorneys who have requested accommodations are more willing to disclose as compared to those who have not, but only to co-workers and management. Women are less likely than men to disclose to management and clients. However, gender is not a significant determinant of disclosure to co-workers. Older attorneys are more likely to disclose to clients, whereas attorneys with children are less likely to disclose to co-workers. Lastly, lower perceived prejudice and the presence of co-workers with disabilities are associated with higher disclosure scores, but not for all groups. CONCLUSIONS Individuals who acquired a disability at a relatively early point in life and those with more visible disabilities are more likely to disclose. However, such willingness is affected by the intersection of disability with other individual and firm-level characteristics. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS The findings imply that those with less visible disabilities and with health conditions acquired later in life are less likely to disclose. The relevance of the findings is heightened by the altered work conditions and demands imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic for cancer survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fitore Hyseni
- Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Arzana Myderrizi
- Rockefeller College of Public Affairs and Policy, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, USA
| | - Peter Blanck
- Burton Blatt Institute, Syracuse University, 950 Irving Avenue, Suite 446, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
- Peter Blanck, University Professor & Chairman Burton Blatt Institute, Syracuse University, 950 Irving Avenue, Suite 446, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kreiner G, Mihelcic CA, Mikolon S. Stigmatized Work and Stigmatized Workers. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-091423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stigmas pervade organizational life. A stigma is a discrediting social evaluation that devalues an individual or group. We review research on stigmatized work and stigmatized workers, with a particular emphasis on how people become stigmatized and what they (and others) do about it. To do so, we connect stigma to other concepts in its nomological net and compare multiple models of stigma dynamics. We consider the intertwining nature of stigma and identity/image, how context affects stigma, and how stigma is managed by both the stigmatized and the nonstigmatized. We also offer critiques of key blind spots in workplace stigma research and point toward future research in this area that is more interconnected with other literatures and more inclusive of overlooked populations. Our vantage point is that workplace stigma continues to be an exciting domain of research with a high potential for theoretical discoveries and practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glen Kreiner
- Department of Management, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Christine A. Mihelcic
- Department of Management and Organization, Smeal College of Business, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sven Mikolon
- Department of Analytics, Marketing, and Operations, Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Smith MJ, Sherwood K, Blajeski S, Ross B, Smith JD, Jordan N, DaWalt L, Bishop L, Atkins MS. Job Interview and Vocational Outcomes Among Transition-Age Youth Receiving Special Education Pre-Employment Transition Services. INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 59:405-421. [PMID: 34551103 PMCID: PMC10732084 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-59.5.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vocational outcomes among transition-age youth receiving special education services are critically poor and have only incrementally improved since the implementation of the Workforce Innovation Opportunity Act. Few studies highlight whether interviewing may be critical to obtaining vocational outcomes such as competitive employment or internships. This study evaluated vocational interviewing and outcomes among 656 transition-age youth receiving special education pre-employment transition services from 47 schools. Results suggest 20.8% of these youth were currently employed, and 88.8% of these employed youth interviewed prior to obtaining their job, which is higher than anecdotal evidence suggests and speaks to the importance of job interview skills as an intervention target for special education pre-employment transition services. We discuss the implications and directions for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Smith
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Kari Sherwood
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Shannon Blajeski
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Brittany Ross
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Justin D. Smith
- University of Utah Eccles School of Medicine Department of Population Health Sciences
| | - Neil Jordan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611, Illinois, USA
- Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Hines VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, 60141, USA
| | - Leann DaWalt
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| | - Lauren Bishop
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
- School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Marc S. Atkins
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, 60608, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stevenson BJ, Millner UC, Satgunam SA, Love R. Hope, adaptability, and job-search intensity among individuals living with serious mental illness. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-211147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Increased intensity in job-search behavior is associated with important employment outcomes like job attainment. There is evidence that work hope, and career adaptability are important antecedents of higher job-search intensity. However, there is no evidence that these relationships exist among individuals living with serious mental illness. OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to improve our understanding of factors that contribute to job-search intensity among individuals living with serious mental illness. METHODS: Eighty-five individuals living with serious mental illness completed surveys of demographics, work hope, career adaptability, and job-search intensity. Correlational and regression analysis was used to examine the primary relationships in this study. RESULTS: Education level, employment status, and use of vocational rehabilitation services were background factors related to job-search intensity. Controlling for background factors, regression analysis found that work hope positively predicted job-search intensity, and career adaptability negatively predicted job-search intensity. Our model explained 35%of the variance in job-search intensity. Additionally, individuals who were employed had significantly higher career adaptability than individuals who were unemployed. CONCLUSIONS: Work hope and career adaptability are related to important vocational outcomes among individuals living with serious mental illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Stevenson
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Uma Chandrika Millner
- Division of Psychology & Applied Therapies, Lesley University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah A. Satgunam
- Division of Psychology & Applied Therapies, Lesley University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard Love
- Division of Psychology & Applied Therapies, Lesley University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Isetti D. Disclosure of a communication disorder during a job interview: A theoretical model. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2020; 87:106038. [PMID: 32835898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2020.106038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAAA), the definition of disability was expanded and the terms "speaking, hearing, and communicating" were given status as major life activities. Therefore, any communication disorder which substantially limits these major life activities in the workplace can qualify as a disability under the law. This legal protection means that no employer can ever ask about the presence of a communication disorder, and a job applicant is never required to disclose their communication disorder during the hiring process. However, this right to refrain from disclosure potentially places job applicants in a difficult situation. Applicants can choose to remain silent about their disorder and hopefully avoid hiring discrimination, yet the only way that workplace accommodations can be legally requested is if disclosure of the disability takes place. This disclosure decision-making process is likely complex and dependent upon multiple factors. Aspects such as workplace culture, job duties, severity of symptoms, individual motivations, and characteristics of the communication disorder likely all play a role when weighing the decision to disclose. This article proposes a theoretical model which outlines the factors that might influence the disclosure decision-making process for those with communication disorders before a job interview. Each major component of this decision-making process is highlighted, focusing on which factors might inhibit or foster disclosure within a hiring context. Clinical implications are discussed which can allow speech-language pathologists to assist those who are struggling with this important decision. The article also identifies areas in need of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Isetti
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA, 95211, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dispenza F. Empowering the Career Development of Persons With Disabilities (PWD). JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0894845319884636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A narrative literature review was conducted with the intention of providing practitioners with foundational knowledge regarding the career development trajectory of persons with disabilities (PWD). The author selected scholarship from various disciplines including rehabilitation, psychology, and special education. In the article, the author provides an overview of career development barriers and facilitators for PWD, provides a review of self-determination theory as a framework that can be used alongside other career development interventions with PWD, discusses career development interventions that have been identified as effective with PWD within vocational rehabilitation, and lastly, provides recommendations for career intervention outcomes and research.
Collapse
|
16
|
Lindsay S, Cagliostro E, Leck J, Stinson J. Career aspirations and workplace expectations among youth with physical disabilities. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 43:1657-1668. [PMID: 31589070 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1671505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Youths with disabilities have lower employment rates than youths without disabilities, which are often a result of inaccessible environments, employer's lack of knowledge about people with disabilities and discriminatory attitudes. Exploring youths' career aspirations is important because it can prompt or hinder career planning, and contribute to youths' preparation for adult life. The purpose of our study was to explore the career aspirations and workplace expectations of youths with physical disabilities. METHOD We drew on qualitative discussion forum data from a larger study focusing on employment preparation e-mentoring intervention for youths with physical disabilities. Our sample comprised 44 youths aged 15-25 years (mean age 18.9, 47% female) with physical disabilities. We analyzed the data using a qualitative, content analysis approach. RESULTS Youths described several areas that helped to develop their occupational capacity including self-advocacy, pursuing post-secondary education, volunteering/co-op, family support, and social networks. Areas where youths anticipated encountering occupational constraints involved: transportation, attitudes and discrimination, physicality of work and self-care, communication skills, and finding work or volunteer positions. Youths' expectations for the workplace included: disability disclosure and requesting accommodations, and a respectful environment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlighted that youths with physical disabilities had diverse career aspirations that are shaped by various occupational capacities and constraints.Implications for rehabilitationYouth with physical disabilities may need further support with accessing and navigating public transportation independently to gain employment, and also developing their communication skills, specifically how to disclose their condition to employers and coping with potential discrimination.Clinicians and educators should help youth with disabilities to gain exposure to a variety of career options (including STEM) while supporting them to find accessible positions that are compatible with their abilities.Clinicians and educators could consider helping to foster self-advocacy skills among youth with disabilities which are needed to disclose their condition and request accommodations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Lindsay
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elaine Cagliostro
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joanne Leck
- Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jennifer Stinson
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Toppenberg HL, Ruiter RAC, Bos AER. HIV status acknowledgment and stigma reduction in virtual reality: The moderating role of perceivers' attitudes. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henna L. Toppenberg
- Department of Work and Social Psychology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Robert A. C. Ruiter
- Department of Work and Social Psychology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Arjan E. R. Bos
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Clinical Psychology Open University of The Netherlands Heerlen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jetha A, Bowring J, Furrie A, Smith F, Breslin C. Supporting the Transition into Employment: A Study of Canadian Young Adults Living with Disabilities. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2019; 29:140-149. [PMID: 29696476 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-018-9772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective To examine the job accommodation and benefit needs of young adults with disabilities as they transition into employment, and their perceived barriers to meeting support needs. Methods An online survey was conducted of 155 Canadian young adults with disabilities (mean age = 25.8 years). Respondents were either employed or seeking employment, and were asked about their need for health benefits, and soft (e.g., flexible scheduling) and hard accommodations (e.g., ergonomic interventions), and perceived accommodation barriers. Disability characteristics (e.g., disability type), demographic details and work context information were collected. Multivariable logistic analyses were conducted to examine the factors associated with a greater need for health benefits and hard and soft accommodations. Result Participants reported having a physical (79%), psychological (79%) or cognitive/learning disability (77%); 68% had > 1 disability. Over half (55%) were employed. Health benefits and soft accommodations were most needed by participants. Also, an average of six perceived accommodation barriers were indicated; difficulty with disability disclosure was most frequently reported. More perceived accommodation barriers were associated with a greater need for health benefits (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04-1.31) and soft accommodations (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.27). A psychological disability was a associated with a greater need for health benefits (OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.09-7.43) and soft accommodations (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.41-10.42). Discussion Employers can support the employment of young adults with disabilities through provision of extended health benefits and soft accommodations. Addressing accommodation barriers could minimize unmet workplace need, and improve employment outcomes for young adults with disabilities as they begin their career and across the life course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jetha
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Julie Bowring
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada
| | | | - Frank Smith
- National Educational Association for Disabled Students, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Curtis Breslin
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Seneca College, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bonaccio S, Connelly CE, Gellatly IR, Jetha A, Martin Ginis KA. The Participation of People with Disabilities in the Workplace Across the Employment Cycle: Employer Concerns and Research Evidence. JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 35:135-158. [PMID: 32269418 PMCID: PMC7114957 DOI: 10.1007/s10869-018-9602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite legislation on diversity in the workplace, people with disabilities still do not experience the same access to work opportunities as do their counterparts without disabilities. Many employers have been shown to harbor sincere yet ill-founded views about the work-related abilities of people with disabilities; these negative views are often a result of interrelated concerns that permeate the entire employment cycle. In this paper, we provide evidence-based responses to 11 specific concerns that employers have about people with disabilities, from pre-employment and entry experiences to the final dissolution of the employment relationship. At each stage of the employment cycle, we summarize and evaluate the relevant empirical evidence and provide recommendations for organizations committed to creating more effective, equitable, and inclusive workplaces for all individuals. We also suggest avenues for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bonaccio
- Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, 55 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | | | - Ian R. Gellatly
- Alberta School of Business, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Arif Jetha
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Teindl K, Thompson-Hodgetts S, Rashid M, Nicholas DB. Does visibility of disability influence employment opportunities and outcomes? A thematic analysis of multi-stakeholder perspectives. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-180980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karisa Teindl
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Marghalara Rashid
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - David B. Nicholas
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Central and Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Beatty JE, Baldridge DC, Boehm SA, Kulkarni M, Colella AJ. On the treatment of persons with disabilities in organizations: A review and research agenda. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hrm.21940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joy E. Beatty
- College of Business; University of Michigan-Dearborn; Dearborn Michigan
| | | | - Stephan A. Boehm
- Center for Disability and Integration; University of St. Gallen; St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Mukta Kulkarni
- Organisational Behaviour & Human Resources Management; Indian Institute of Management-Bangalore; Bangalore India
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Garrido-Cumbrera M, Chacón-García J. Assessing the Impact of the 2008 Financial Crisis on the Labor Force, Employment, and Wages of Persons with Disabilities in Spain. JOURNAL OF DISABILITY POLICY STUDIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1044207318776437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The financial crisis of 2008 has had a greater effect on people with disabilities than on those without disabilities in Spain. In recent years, the number of persons with disabilities registered as part of the labor force and having a higher educational level has increased. However, the unemployment rate among people with disabilities has grown at a faster pace, especially for women and young people. A similar situation has occurred with respect to the annual gross average wage; the gap between those with and without disabilities has increased in the years following the crisis. The present study reveals that Spanish public policies aimed at improving levels of employment for people with disabilities have not achieved the expected results. Here, we explore the possible causes and compare the results with those obtained in the United States.
Collapse
|
23
|
Sundar V, O’Neill J, Houtenville AJ, Phillips KG, Keirns T, Smith A, Katz EE. Striving to work and overcoming barriers: Employment strategies and successes of people with disabilities. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-170918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Sundar
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tracy Keirns
- University of New Hampshire Survey Center, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Andrew Smith
- Department of Political Science, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ramachandra SS, Murthy GVS, Shamanna BR, Allagh KP, Pant HB, John N. Factors Influencing Employment and Employability for Persons with Disability: Insights from a City in South India. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2018; 21:36-41. [PMID: 29391746 PMCID: PMC5763841 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_44_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a lack of evidence on barriers faced by persons with disability in accessing employment opportunities in India. Aim: This study was undertaken to ascertain both employee and employer perceptions on barriers existing among Information Technology (IT) and IT-enabled sectors to employ persons with disabilities. Materials and Methods: Two hundred participants from six IT/IT-enabled sector organizations were included in the study; study was conducted at Hyderabad, India. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the participants. Results: Physical access to and within the worksite was highlighted as a concern by 95% of respondents. Majority perceived that communication, attitude of people, discrimination, harassment at work place, and information were critical barriers. Only 3.8% of employers were aware that their company had a written policy on employing persons with disabilities. Employers stated that commitment and perseverance were important facilitators among persons with disabilities. Conclusions: Evidence from this study will help in planning need-based employment for persons with disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srikrishna S Ramachandra
- South Asia Center for Disability Inclusive Development and Research (SACDIR), a Center of Excellence under the Aegis of Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - G V S Murthy
- South Asia Center for Disability Inclusive Development and Research (SACDIR), a Center of Excellence under the Aegis of Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - B R Shamanna
- South Asia Center for Disability Inclusive Development and Research (SACDIR), a Center of Excellence under the Aegis of Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Komal P Allagh
- South Asia Center for Disability Inclusive Development and Research (SACDIR), a Center of Excellence under the Aegis of Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Hira B Pant
- South Asia Center for Disability Inclusive Development and Research (SACDIR), a Center of Excellence under the Aegis of Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Neena John
- South Asia Center for Disability Inclusive Development and Research (SACDIR), a Center of Excellence under the Aegis of Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vornholt K, Villotti P, Muschalla B, Bauer J, Colella A, Zijlstra F, Van Ruitenbeek G, Uitdewilligen S, Corbière M. Disability and employment – overview and highlights. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2017.1387536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Vornholt
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrizia Villotti
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (CRIUSMM), Department of Education, Career Counselling, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Beate Muschalla
- Research Group Psychosomatic Rehabilitation (FPR), Charité Berlin, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Bauer
- Lehrstuhl für Arbeit und Berufliche Rehabilitation, Universität zu Köln, Köln
| | - Adrienne Colella
- A.B. Freeman School of Business, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Fred Zijlstra
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gemma Van Ruitenbeek
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjir Uitdewilligen
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Corbière
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (CRIUSMM), Department of Education, Career Counselling, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bublitz DJ, Fitzgerald K, Alarcon M, D’Onofrio J, Gillespie-Lynch K. Verbal behaviors during employment interviews of college students with and without ASD. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2017. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-170884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis James Bublitz
- The College of Staten Island at the City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
- The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine Fitzgerald
- The College of Staten Island at the City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Maria Alarcon
- The College of Staten Island at the City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Joanne D’Onofrio
- The College of Staten Island at the City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Kristen Gillespie-Lynch
- The College of Staten Island at the City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
- The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lindsay S, Cagliostro E, Carafa G. A systematic review of workplace disclosure and accommodation requests among youth and young adults with disabilities. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 40:2971-2986. [PMID: 28797182 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1363824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this systematic review is to critically appraise the literature on disability disclosure and workplace accommodations for youth and young adults with disabilities. METHODS Systematic searches of nine international databases identified 27 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. These studies were analyzed with respect to the characteristics of the participants, methodology, results of the studies and the quality of the evidence. RESULTS Among the 27 studies, 18,419 participants (aged 14-33, mean 23.9 years) were represented across seven countries. Barriers to disability disclosure and requests for workplace accommodations were found at the individual (i.e., disability type, severity, poor self-concept, and advocacy skills), employment (i.e., type of industry, and working conditions, lack of supports), and societal levels (i.e., stigma/discrimination). Facilitators of disability disclosure included individual factors (i.e., knowledge of supports and workplace rights, self-advocacy skills), employment (i.e., training/supports, effective communication with employers, realizing the benefits of accommodations), and societal factors (i.e., positive attitudes toward people with disabilities). There was little consensus on the processes and timing of how disability should be discussed in the workplace among youth with disabilities. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the complexities of disability disclosure for youth with disabilities. More studies are needed to explore issues of workplace disclosure and accommodations for young people to improve disclosure strategies and the process of providing appropriate accommodations. Implications for Rehabilitation Clinicians, educators, and parents should support youth to become self-aware and build self-advocacy skills so they can make an informed decision about how and when to disclose their condition to employers. Clinicians, educators, and employers should help youth with disabilities to understand the benefits of disclosing their disability, and educate them on the supports available so they can remain healthy and productive in the workplace. Clinicians should advocate for employers to create a positive and supportive environment where youth feel comfortable disclosing their condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Lindsay
- a Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,b Bloorview Research Institute , Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital , Toronto , Canada
| | - Elaine Cagliostro
- b Bloorview Research Institute , Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital , Toronto , Canada
| | - Gabriella Carafa
- c Child Development Program , Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital , Toronto , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many people with disabilities continue to encounter challenges trying to secure employment. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to synthesize existent knowledge about the hiring process for people with disabilities and explore research priorities from the perspective of key stakeholders. METHODS A scoping review of the literature related to hiring processes and practices as they relate to people with disabilities was undertaken. As part of the scoping review, seven key informant consultations were conducted in order to gain further insight into the key issues identified by those most involved in the hiring process for people with disabilities. RESULTS Findings from the literature and consultations revolve around seven inter-related topics: 1) regulationsversus practice, 2) stigma, 3) disclosure, 4) accommodations, 5) relationship building and use of disability organizations,6) information and support to employers, and 7) hiring practices that invite people with disabilities. CONCLUSIONS Although barriers to employment for people with disabilities have been examined in the literature, there remains a paucity of literature examining and evaluating strategies to improve hiring practices and employment opportunities for people with disabilities. Future research must occur in consultation with key stakeholders including employers, people with disabilities, and employment support workers.
Collapse
|
29
|
Purc-Stephenson R, Jones SK, Ferguson CL. “Forget about the glass ceiling, I’m stuck in a glass box”: A meta-ethnography of work participation for persons with physical disabilities. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2017. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-160842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
30
|
Vance S, Campbell A, Dong S. Examining Impacts of Mindfulness in Requesting Job Accommodations for Individuals With Disabilities. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0034355216683673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship between mindfulness and the request for job accommodations among individuals with disabilities. One hundred fifty individuals with disabilities who needed a job accommodation completed a survey assessing the cognitive, affective, and mindfulness factors involved with requesting job accommodations. Pearson correlations were calculated between scales and subscales measuring mindfulness, positive affect, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and intentions to request accommodations. The results showed significant correlations between mindfulness and all other scales. In addition, multiple regression and logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the impacts of cognitive, affective, and mindfulness factors on an individual’s intention and decision to request or withhold a request for an accommodation. Mindfulness was not found significant in predicting the intention to request accommodations; however, positive affect, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations accounted for 35% of the variance in intention to request. The interaction between mindfulness and intention to request, along with self-efficacy, was found significant in predicting request behavior. Mindfulness and the interaction between mindfulness and intention to request contributed an additional 8% of the variance in requesting behavior. The results of this study indicate the need for more research into the relationship of mindfulness and the decision to request accommodations.
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit and congenital anomaly, yet the decision-making processes involved in disclosing hearing loss have been little studied. To address this issue, we have explored the phrases that adults with hearing loss use to disclose their hearing loss. DESIGN Since self-disclosure research has not focused on hearing loss-specific issues, we created a 15-question survey about verbally disclosing hearing loss. English speaking adults (>18 years old) with hearing loss of any etiology were recruited from otology clinics in a major referral hospital. Three hundred and thirty-seven participants completed the survey instrument. Participants' phrase(s) used to tell people they have hearing loss were compared across objective characteristics (age; sex; type, degree, and laterality of hearing loss; word recognition scores) and self-reported characteristics (degree of hearing loss; age of onset and years lived with hearing loss; use of technology; hearing handicap score). RESULTS Participants' responses revealed three strategies to address hearing loss: Multipurpose disclosure (phrases that disclose hearing loss and provide information to facilitate communication), Basic disclosure (phrases that disclose hearing loss through the term, a label, or details about the condition), or nondisclosure (phrases that do not disclose hearing loss). Variables were compared between patients who used and who did not use each disclosure strategy using χ or Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Multipurpose disclosers were mostly female (p = 0.002); had experienced reactions of help, support, and accommodation after disclosing (p = 0.008); and had experienced reactions of being overly helpful after disclosing (p=0.039). Basic disclosers were predominantly male (p = 0.004); reported feeling somewhat more comfortable disclosing their hearing loss over time (p = 0.009); had not experienced reactions of being treated unfairly or discriminated against (p = 0.021); and were diagnosed with mixed hearing loss (p = 0.004). Nondisclosers tended not to disclose in a group setting (p = 0.002) and were diagnosed with bilateral hearing loss (p = 0.005). In addition, all of the variables were examined to build logistic regression models to predict the use of each disclosure strategy. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal three simple strategies for verbally addressing hearing loss that can be used in a variety of contexts. We recommend educating people with hearing loss about these strategies-this could improve the experience of disclosing hearing loss, and could educate society at large about how to interact with those who have a hearing loss.
Collapse
|
32
|
Lysaght R, Kranenburg R, Armstrong C, Krupa T. Participant Recruitment for Studies on Disability and Work: Challenges and Solutions. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2016; 26:125-140. [PMID: 26179463 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-015-9594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose A number of key issues related to employment of persons with disabilities demand ongoing and effective lines of inquiry. There is evidence, however, that work researchers struggle with recruitment of participants, and that this may limit the types and appropriateness of methods selected. This two phase study sought to identify the nature of recruitment challenges in workplace-based disability research, and to identify strategies for addressing identified barriers. Methods The first phase of this study was a scoping review of the literature to identify the study designs and approaches frequently used in this field of inquiry, and the success of the various recruitment methods in use. In the second phase, we used qualitative methods to explore with employers and other stakeholders in the field their perceived challenges related to participating in disability-related research, and approaches that might address these. Results The most frequently used recruitment methods identified in the literature were non-probability approaches for qualitative studies, and sampling from existing worker databases for survey research. Struggles in participant recruitment were evidenced by the use of multiple recruitment strategies, and heavy reliance on convenience sampling. Employers cited a number of barriers to participation, including time pressures, fear of legal reprisal, and perceived lack of relevance to the organization. Conclusions Participant recruitment in disability-related research is a concern, particularly in studies that require collection of new data from organizations and individuals, and where large probability samples and/or stratified or purposeful samples are desirable. A number of strategies may contribute to improved success, including development of participatory research models that will enhance benefits and perceived benefits of workplace involvement.
Collapse
|
33
|
Tillman EM, Ireton-Jones C. To Eat or Not to Eat: A Commentary on Eating Issues That Affect Home Parenteral Nutrition and Home Enteral Nutrition Consumers. Nutr Clin Pract 2016; 31:155-7. [PMID: 26888856 DOI: 10.1177/0884533616629637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Tillman
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, and Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zappella E. Employers' attitudes on hiring workers with intellectual disabilities in small and medium enterprises: an Italian research. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2015; 19:381-392. [PMID: 25852049 DOI: 10.1177/1744629515580883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Employers play a significant role in the process of hiring workers with intellectual disability. Through an in-depth interview, this research aims to investigate the attitudes of 30 representatives of small and medium-sized Italian companies involved in a process of recruitment. The data were analyzed using a phenomenological approach. The results show that attitudes toward the disabled employee are influenced by three areas, namely, personal characteristics of employers, selection process, and concerns and opinions of employers.
Collapse
|
35
|
Oldfield M, MacEachen E, Kirsh B, MacNeill M. Impromptu everyday disclosure dances: how women with fibromyalgia respond to disclosure risks at work. Disabil Rehabil 2015; 38:1442-53. [PMID: 26613401 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1103794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Findings from a study examining how women with fibromyalgia remain employed are used to explicate a conceptualization that adds to literature on workplace disclosure of stigmatized illnesses and impairments: disclosure dances that employees improvise in response to workplace-relationships needs and disclosure risks. METHODS Critical-discourse-analysis (CDA) methodology framed the study. Data were collected through 26 semi-structured, individual interviews with participant triads or dyads comprising women with fibromyalgia, family members and supervisors or co-workers. Interviews with managers who supervised disabled employees other than the women supplemented these data. Following coding, data were compared within and across triads/dyads through code-dimension summaries, narrative summaries and relational diagrams. RESULTS Women with fibromyalgia and other stigmatized illnesses improvised everyday disclosures when they needed to explain fluctuating work ability, when others needed reminding about invisible impairments, and when workplace relationships changed. These impromptu disclosures comprised three dimensions: exposing oneself to scrutiny by disclosing both illness and impairments, divulging stigmatized illness, and revealing invisible impairments selectively. CONCLUSION Through impromptu disclosure dances, women tailored disclosure to changing immediate circumstances. While assumptions from psychological theories of risk underlie current conceptualizations of disclosure as planned in advance, this article examines disclosure through a different lens: social theories of everyday risk. Implications for rehabilitation For women with fibromyalgia, disclosing illness and impairments at work may entail risks to their jobs and workplace relationships. Rehabilitation professionals need to consider these risks when advising women with fibromyalgia about disclosing their illness and impairments at work. Professionals may first want to learn from clients about their workplace cultures and relationships, and their perceptions of disclosure risk. Professionals can then suggest a range of disclosure responses, depending on the relationship and risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Oldfield
- a Rehabilitation Sciences Institute , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - E MacEachen
- b School of Public Health and Health Systems , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
| | - B Kirsh
- c Rehabilitation Sciences Institute , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - M MacNeill
- d Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lassman F, Henderson RC, Dockery L, Clement S, Murray J, Bonnington O, Farrelly S, Thornicroft G. How does a decision aid help people decide whether to disclose a mental health problem to employers? Qualitative interview study. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2015; 25:403-11. [PMID: 25427673 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-014-9550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Decisions about whether to disclose mental health problems to employers are complex, with potential personal, employment and legal implications. Decision aids are evidence based tools, designed to help individuals make specific choices between treatment options. We previously developed a decision aid-Conceal Or ReveAL (CORAL)-to assist service users with decisions about disclosure to employers. As part of a mixed methods exploratory RCT, which demonstrated that the CORAL decision aid was effective in reducing decisional conflict, we aimed to explore its mechanism of action and to optimise the intervention for a future full scale trial. Methods In depth interviews were conducted with individuals receiving vocational support from a mental health trust and participating in the intervention arm of the pilot trial. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify the main themes relating to participants' perceptions of the CORAL decision aid. Results Thirteen participants were interviewed and five main themes were identified: sense of self and values; sense of control; anticipation of disclosure; experience of disclosure; and mechanism of action of the decision aid. Conclusions Data from our 13 participants suggest that the CORAL decision aid acts on several dimensions of decisional conflict: clarifying the pros and cons of different choices; increasing knowledge; structuring the decision making process; and clarifying needs and values. The current study indicated that it would be most effective when delivered by a professional well versed in employment and mental health matters such as a vocational adviser. The need for employers and policymakers to reduce the negative impact of disclosure is also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Lassman
- Health Service and Population Research Department P029, David Goldberg Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nittrouer CL, Trump RCE, O'Brien KR, Hebl M. Stand Up and Be Counted: In the Long Run, Disclosing Helps All. INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-PERSPECTIVES ON SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/iops.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
38
|
Shaw L, Daraz L, Bezzina MB, Patel A, Gorfine G. Examining Macro and Meso Level Barriers to Hiring Persons with Disabilities: A Scoping Review. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXTS AND DISABILITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1108/s1479-354720140000008011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
|
39
|
Lindsay S, McDougall C, Sanford R, Menna-Dack D, Kingsnorth S, Adams T. Exploring employment readiness through mock job interview and workplace role-play exercises: comparing youth with physical disabilities to their typically developing peers. Disabil Rehabil 2014; 37:1651-63. [PMID: 25323394 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2014.973968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess performance differences in a mock job interview and workplace role-play exercise for youth with disabilities compared to their typically developing peers. METHODS We evaluated a purposive sample of 31 youth (15 with a physical disability and 16 typically developing) on their performance (content and delivery) in employment readiness role-play exercises. RESULTS Our findings show significant differences between youth with disabilities compared to typically developing peers in several areas of the mock interview content (i.e. responses to the questions: "tell me about yourself", "how would you provide feedback to someone not doing their share" and a problem-solving scenario question) and delivery (i.e. voice clarity and mean latency). We found no significant differences in the workplace role-play performances of youth with and without disabilities. CONCLUSIONS Youth with physical disabilities performed poorer in some areas of a job interview compared to their typically developing peers. They could benefit from further targeted employment readiness training. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Clinicians should: Coach youth with physical disability on how to "sell" their abilities to potential employers and encourage youth to get involved in volunteer activities and employment readiness training programs. Consider using mock job interviews and other employment role-play exercises as assessment and training tools for youth with physical disabilities. Involve speech pathologists in the development of employment readiness programs that address voice clarity as a potential delivery issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Lindsay
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
de Boer AGEM. The European Cancer and Work Network: CANWON. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2014; 24:393-8. [PMID: 24002638 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-013-9474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The number of cancer survivors is rapidly growing due to improved treatment and ageing population. Almost half of cancer patients will experience a cancer diagnosis during working age when career and work-related issues play an important role. Many cancer survivors are at risk for unemployment which greatly affects their quality of life and financial situation. Research on cancer and work is therefore of great importance but scattered over Europe and lacking appropriate dissemination. Moreover, interventions supporting employment of cancer survivors are urgently required but scarcely developed. METHODS The European Cancer and Work Network (CANWON) aims to combine knowledge on: (1) prognostic factors of unemployment in cancer survivors including gender- and country-specific differences; (2) work-related costs of survivorship for both patients and society; (3) the role of employers; and (4) development and evaluation of innovative, interdisciplinary interventions which effectively support employment. Furthermore, it aims at disseminating research knowledge and best practice worldwide. RESULTS CANWON currently unites 23 teams from 15 countries across different stakeholders and research areas. The expected benefits are rapid exchange of research knowledge, standardised methods and techniques, innovative interventions, future guidelines on cancer and work and the improvement of quality of life of cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Understanding prognostic factors, work-related costs, role of the employer and innovative interventions in relation to work in cancer survivors might progress the understanding of other patients with long-term conditions therefore the knowledge resulting from CANWON will benefit a wide range of patient groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela G E M de Boer
- Academic Medical Center, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Corrigall EA, Cirka C. A Case of Ability and Disability: What Managers Must Know About the ADA. ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15416518.2014.903105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
42
|
Minis MAH, Satink T, Kinébanian A, Engels JA, Heerkens YF, van Engelen BGM, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MWG. How persons with a neuromuscular disease perceive employment participation: a qualitative study. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2014; 24:52-67. [PMID: 23645359 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-013-9447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A qualitative study was carried out to understand how people with a slow progressive adult type neuromuscular disease (NMD) perceive employment participation. METHODS 16 paid employed persons with NMD were interviewed in open, in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using the constant comparison method. RESULTS Four themes were identified in the analyses: (1) Experiences regarding the meaning of work; (2) Solving problems oneself; (3) Reaching a turning point; and (4) Taking into account environmental aspects. Persons with NMD highlighted benefits of staying at work as well as the tension they felt how to shape decisions to handle progressive physical hindrances in job retention. This study shows how participants at work with NMD were challenged to keep up appearances at work and at home, the tension felt around when and if to disclose, the effect of their condition on colleagues and work reorganisation challenges. Participants experienced that disclosure did not always make things better. With increasing disability participants' focus shifted from the importance of assistive products towards considerate colleague, in particular superior's willingness in supporting job retention. CONCLUSIONS Implications for health professionals might include awareness of the significant impact of changes in physical condition on employment. Timely communication and if appropriate referral to a health or occupational professional may empower employees with NMD to handle employment issues at a for themselves appropriate way. Assistive products and a supportive superior might enhance employment participation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Antoinette H Minis
- Department of Occupation and Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 6960, 6503 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Solovieva TI, Walls RT. Implications of Workplace Accommodations for Persons With Disabilities. JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2013.808079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|