1
|
Kinn LG, Davidson L, Oedegaard KJ, Langeland E. Struggling with Fitting in: Clients Mixed Experiences of Receiving Job Support and Getting a Job When Participating in Individual Placement and Support in Norway. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2024:10.1007/s10926-024-10206-x. [PMID: 38782860 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-024-10206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore clients' experiences of receiving job support from employment specialists (ESs) working with individual placement and support (IPS) in Norway. IPS is developed to help people with severe mental illness (SMI) into competitive employment as an integral component of mental health services. METHODS Using a hermeneutic phenomenological methodology, this study comprises individual semi-structured interviews with ten participants engaged in IPS at two districts psychiatric centers. Data analysis was conducted according to systematic text condensation. RESULTS Three themes emerged: (1) ES-a door opener? (2) Striving to sidestep a "spider web" of triggers at and away from work; and (3) Calling for a safer route. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of ESs offering IPS clients' opportunities to try out diverse jobs and focusing more on assessing the work environment in the jobs they place people into. Our findings imply that ESs should spend more time on building a good working alliance with both clients and employers, and pay more attention on understanding individuals' vocational capacities and support needs at the worksite. The ES training should focus not simply on the technical processes of job development and placement, but more directly on empowering clients to stay focused on their vocational ambitions and prospects. The salutogenic model of health can help ESs to analyze whether clients experience workplaces as meaningful, manageable, and comprehensible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liv Grethe Kinn
- Department of Welfare and Participation, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | - Eva Langeland
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Özer G, Işık İ, Escartín J. Is There Somebody Looking out for Me? A Qualitative Analysis of Bullying Experiences of Individuals Diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:137. [PMID: 38397628 PMCID: PMC10887664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organisation, there are globally 40 million individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), and they experience stigma and discrimination, as many people with mental illness do. Work bullying (WB) is a common organisational problem, deteriorating the well-being and performance of employees and organisations. Although WB experiences have been researched for over three decades, we do not know much about the experiences of this group and what they need to extend their work-life. The current research aims to understand the workplace bullying experiences of individuals with BD and factors that may foster or hinder their participation in the labour force. The research methodology was based on in-depth interviews with 19 employees diagnosed with BD. Bullying experiences were mapped onto the Negative Acts Questionnaire. The data were analysed using the deductive qualitative content analysis on MAXQDA. Results showed that individuals with BD were exposed to bullying in work settings. Perceived reasons for the negative behaviours were mainly the undesirable individual characteristics of the bully, prejudices toward bipolar disorder, and already-existing toxic behaviours within the organisation. To reduce bullying, participants suggested that, among others, top management include equal and fair treatment of disadvantaged employees as performance criteria for supervisors and that organisations provide training against bullying, investigate complaints, apply sanctions, and establish an inclusive environment. If organisations set a stable and enduring vision, enhance a common identity for all employees, work on team building, and emphasise team efforts and goals, the organisational environment would be more inclusive, and individuals with BD would have longer work lives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülüm Özer
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK;
| | - İdil Işık
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul 34353, Türkiye;
| | - Jordi Escartín
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK;
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kinn LG, Costa M, Voll I, Austrheim G, Aas RW, Davidson L. "Navigating Between Unpredictable Icebergs": A Meta-Ethnographic Study of Employment Specialists' Contributions in Providing Job Support for People with Mental Illness. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2021; 31:512-531. [PMID: 33200260 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-020-09943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To explore and synthesize the views of Supported Employment clients, employment specialists and their supervisors on the core contributions of employment specialists to job support within the mental health field. Methods We systematically searched four databases with no time limitations and identified 16 qualitative studies published between 2006 and 2018 to be included in this meta-ethnographic study. Results The overarching metaphor of "Navigating an Unpredictable Iceberg-laden Sea" (a workplace) and seven themes were revealed: (1) "It's you and me looking," which represented the relationship between the client and ES, and (2) taking job seekers' ambitions and needs seriously, (3) mapping the route, (4) exploring the hidden, (5) being on tap, (6) avoiding crashes, and (7) bridging, which embodied the work of employments specialists. Conclusion. Our iceberg metaphor illustrates the importance of employment specialists being competent in addressing clients' work performance difficulties related not only to the individual's illness, age, gender, and cultural-related challenges, but also to psychosocial, behavioral, and environmental workplace factors. Given the effects of the specific characteristics of the working alliance developed in supported employment, we suggest that employment specialists' training and supervision be enriched by paying more attention to these important relational processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liv Grethe Kinn
- Department of Welfare and Participation at Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Inndalsveien 28, 5063, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Mark Costa
- Yale Program for Recovery and Community Health, Yale School of Medicine, 319 Peck Street, New Haven, CT, 06513, USA
| | - Ingrid Voll
- Department of Welfare and Participation at Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Inndalsveien 28, 5063, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunhild Austrheim
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Inndalsveien 28, 5063, Bergen, Norway
| | - Randi W Aas
- University of Stavanger, Kjell Arholms gate 41, 4021, Stavanger, Norway
- Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Larry Davidson
- Yale Program for Recovery and Community Health, Yale School of Medicine, 319 Peck Street, New Haven, CT, 06513, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thisted CN, Labriola M, Nielsen CV, Jul Håkonsen S, Bjerrum MB. Understanding depression as a workplace issue: Clarifying employers' attitudes to manage employees with depression. Work 2020; 65:857-868. [PMID: 32310215 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickness absence due to depression has indirect and direct costs for employers. Whilst employers play a key role in establishing supportive work environments and providing work adjustments, there is a lack of knowledge on employers' attitudes to support employees with depression. OBJECTIVE To investigate employers' attitudes to manage employees' depression, focusing on the employers' opportunities and challenges to support employees with depression. METHODS Individual interviews were conducted with five employers. Interview transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Four categories emerged from the interviews: Attitude to and understanding of depression affect supportive practices; Dilemma between supporting employees with depression and accommodating workplace needs; The employer-employee relationship influences supportive practices; and Work accommodations target the employee's ability to work. CONCLUSION Employers may need a wider understanding of depression and the importance of the work environment influencing work disability due to depression. Studies should investigate how knowledge of work disability due to depression can be transferred to workplaces.Conflicting agendas of the vocational rehabilitation stakeholders poison opportunities to support, and initiatives may aim to promote employers' understanding of the benefits of collaborating with other stakeholders. The involvement of decision-makers to provide initiatives that support employers in managing employees with depression to promote their work participation is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie N Thisted
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Nursing and Healthcare, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Labriola
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus V Nielsen
- DEFACTUM, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Social Medicine and Rehabilitation, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Central Denmark Region, Herning, Denmark
| | - Sasja Jul Håkonsen
- Department of Medicine and Technology, Centre for Clinical Guidelines, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Merete B Bjerrum
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Nursing and Healthcare, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lahey P, Kirsh B, Tompa E, MacDermid J, Gewurtz RE. The Ontario Disability Support Program Work Exit Process: Parallels to a Hostage Negotiation. JOURNAL OF DISABILITY POLICY STUDIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1044207320944609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of empirical data on the experiences of people with mental illness (PMI) who transition from welfare to work and how policy programs are designed to facilitate this outcome. We explore the factors that facilitate or hinder PMI from exiting disability income support programs in Ontario, Canada. Drawing on a grounded theory approach, we examine the process of exiting the Ontario Disability Support Program (ODSP). Data were collected from semi-structured interviews with current and former recipients with mental illness, service providers who support current and former recipients, and ministry staff. A metaphor for the work exit process emerged with four embedded themes: (a) picking yourself back up, (b) breaking the rules to get ahead, (c) stabilizing illness for employment success, and (d) displaying resiliency and resourcefulness for successful exits. The main finding is that system supports are not the determining factors in a successful transition. Rather, participants describe how recipients exit for employment by leveraging personal resources to successfully transition off income support benefits. A system redesign is needed to address the inherent tension between social and health programs if the policy intent is to promote successful welfare-to-work transitions for PMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emile Tompa
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Juurlink TT, Vukadin M, Stringer B, Westerman MJ, Lamers F, Anema JR, Beekman ATF, van Marle HJF. Barriers and facilitators to employment in borderline personality disorder: A qualitative study among patients, mental health practitioners and insurance physicians. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220233. [PMID: 31335909 PMCID: PMC6650068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with unemployment and impaired functioning. However, a comprehensive understanding of barriers and facilitators to employment from a multidisciplinary perspective is currently lacking. Therefore, the aim of this qualitative study was to explore barriers and facilitators in gaining and maintaining employment in BPD from the perspectives of patients, mental health practitioners (MHPs) and insurance physicians (IPs). Methods Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted in patients with BPD and two focus groups were carried out among MHPs (n = 7) and IPs (n = 6) following a thematic content analysis approach. Results All participants described barriers and facilitators relating to three overall themes: characteristics of BPD, stigma, and support to employment. Barriers to employment mainly related to characteristics of BPD, such as low self-image, difficulty posing personal boundaries, difficulty regulating emotions, and lack of structure. MHPs and IPs additionally mentioned externalization and overestimation of competencies on the part of patients. Enhancing emotion regulation and self-reflection by successful treatment was suggested as a facilitator to enhance employment. Increasing collaboration between mental health and vocational rehabilitation services, and increasing knowledge about BPD, were suggested to increase sustainable employment and decrease stigma. Conclusions The present findings revealed that both facilitators and barriers are important in gaining and maintaining employment in BPD in which diminishing symptoms, examining stigma and increasing support to employment are key. As a next step, supported employment strategies that follow patient preferences and integrate employment and mental health services, should be studied in the context of BPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trees T. Juurlink
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Miljana Vukadin
- Department of Social Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Stringer
- Centre for Consultation and Expertise (CCE), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan J. Westerman
- Department of Health Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Lamers
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes R. Anema
- Department of Social Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aartjan T. F. Beekman
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein J. F. van Marle
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Prat G, Ribot A, Recoder S, Muñoz F. Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey in people with serious mental illness. Br J Occup Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0308022619856557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Prat
- Grup SaMIS, Divisió de Salut Mental, Fundació Althaia, Manresa (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Arantxa Ribot
- Leisure-Community Intervention, Federació Salut Mental Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Recoder
- Departament de Ciències Bàsiques, Àrea de Psicologia, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallés (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Francisco Muñoz
- Leisure-Community Intervention, Federació Salut Mental Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Thomas TL, Prasad Muliyala K, Jayarajan D, Angothu H, Thirthalli J. Vocational challenges in severe mental illness: A qualitative study in persons with professional degrees. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 42:48-54. [PMID: 30953884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Employment is a significant stepping stone towards recovery for persons with severe mental illness. In the last two decades there has been increasing focus on obtaining professional courses and degrees for employment in India. AIM To understand the challenges faced by persons with severe mental illness with professional degrees in obtaining and maintaining employment. METHODS We interviewed 31 individuals with severe mental illness, who had professional degrees, using qualitative interviews. These interviews explored factors that facilitated as well as those that hindered the process of obtaining and sustaining jobs. RESULTS Factors that were identified as facilitators for obtaining and maintaining employment included personal strengths, social support, accommodative work environment, disclosure, support from mental health professionals and services. Factors that were identified as hindering for obtaining and maintaining employment included symptoms of the illness, side effects of medications, stigma, poor social support, academic underachievement, disjointed work history, poor workplace environment and specific cultural, gender issues. CONCLUSION Factors such as workplace accommodations, creating an environment that is permissive of disclosure, using family support and support from mental health professionals will facilitate employment. Addressing factors that hinder such as stigma, academic under-achievement, improving workplace environments, social support will also be important in vocational recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishna Prasad Muliyala
- Psychiatric Rehabilitation Services, Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Deepak Jayarajan
- Psychiatric Rehabilitation Services, Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Hareesh Angothu
- Psychiatric Rehabilitation Services, Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Jagadisha Thirthalli
- I/C Head of Psychiatric Rehabilitation Services, Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Thisted CN, Labriola M, Vinther Nielsen C, Kristiansen ST, Strøm J, Bjerrum MB. Managing employees' depression from the employees', co-workers' and employers' perspectives. An integrative review. Disabil Rehabil 2018; 42:445-459. [PMID: 30384779 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1499823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To synthesize evidence on factors promoting or hindering work participation (WP) of employees with depression from the employees', co-workers' and employers' perspectives, as well as an additional focus on the influence of the employee's occupation.Methods: An integrative review was conducted. Pre-defined eligibility criteria guided study selection. Articles were critically appraised using tools developed by Joanna Briggs and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Findings were analysed and synthesised using qualitative inductive content analysis.Results: Seventeen studies were included: 12 quantitative studies, three qualitative studies and two mixed methods studies. From these, 144 findings were extracted and combined into six categories from which two syntheses were developed. One synthesis demonstrated that employees, co-workers and employers hold different perspectives on rehabilitation stakeholders' responsibilities hindering WP. The other synthesis revealed that WP is influenced by interactions between individual and occupational factors.Conclusions: Sufficient treatment from health professionals promotes WP. Employees' fear of stigmatization hinders WP. Co-workers and employers find that open communication is important, however, employers are concerned about entering employees' private sphere. When managing employees with depression, employers intervene at the individual level. There is a need for structural interventions to promote WP among employees with depression.Implications for RehabilitationThe responsibilities of rehabilitation stakeholders should be clarified to promote collaboration.Structural workplace interventions should be initiated to supplement individual level interventions.Workplace interventions may focus on more open communication and awareness towards mental illness.Interactions between the occupational factors and individual factors should be carefully considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie N Thisted
- Department of Public Health, Section for Nursing Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Labriola
- Department of Public Health, Section for Clinical Social Medicine and Rehabilitation, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,DEFACTUM, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Vinther Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Clinical Social Medicine and Rehabilitation, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,DEFACTUM, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sanne T Kristiansen
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Janni Strøm
- Department of Public Health, Section for Clinical Social Medicine and Rehabilitation, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Spine Unit, Elective Surgery Centre, Regional Hospital Central Jutland, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Merete B Bjerrum
- Department of Public Health, Section for Nursing Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Danish Centre of Systematic Reviews: A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Department of Medicine and Technology, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Thisted CN, Nielsen CV, Bjerrum M. Work Participation Among Employees with Common Mental Disorders: A Meta-synthesis. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2018; 28:452-464. [PMID: 29234956 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-017-9743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim was to aggregate knowledge about the opportunities, challenges and need for support employees with common mental disorders experience in relation to work participation in order to develop recommendations for practice. Methods A meta-synthesis was conducted using a meta-aggregative approach to accurately and reliably present findings that could be used to meet our aim. Qualitative inductive content analysis was used to analyze and synthesize the findings. Results In all, 252 findings were extracted from 16 papers, and six categories were generated and aggregated into two synthesized findings. One synthesized finding indicates that a strong work identity and negative perceptions regarding mental disorders can impede work participation, creating an essential need for a supportive work environment. The other reveals that the diffuse nature of the symptoms of mental disorders causes instability in life and loss of control, but through the use of internal motivation and external support, employees may be able to regain control of their lives. However, external support is hampered by insufficient cooperation and coordination between vocational stakeholders. Conclusions Based on the synthesized findings, we recommended that the employer is involved in the rehabilitation process, and that rehabilitation professionals seek to strengthen the employee's ability to manage work-related stress. In addition, rehabilitation professionals should provide individualized and active support and ensure meaningful cooperation across the multidisciplinary disciplines involved in the rehabilitation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Nørby Thisted
- Department of Public Health, Section of Nursing, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 3., 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Claus Vinther Nielsen
- Section of Clinical Social Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Bjerrum
- Department of Public Health, Section of Nursing, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 3., 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Doroud N, Fossey E, Fortune T. Place for being, doing, becoming and belonging: A meta-synthesis exploring the role of place in mental health recovery. Health Place 2018; 52:110-120. [PMID: 29885554 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The role of place in mental health recovery was investigated by synthesizing qualitative research on this topic. METHODS Using a meta-ethnographic approach, twelve research papers were selected, their data extracted, coded and synthesized. FINDINGS Place for doing, being, becoming and belonging emerged as central mechanisms through which place impacts recovery. Several material, social, natural and temporal characteristics appear to enable or constrain the potential of places to support recovery. CONCLUSIONS The impact of place on recovery is multi-faceted. The multidimensional interactions between people, place and recovery can inform recovery-oriented practice. Further research is required to uncover the role of place in offering opportunities for active engagement, social connection and community participation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Doroud
- Department of Community and Clinical Allied Health, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Health Sciences building 3, Australia.
| | - Ellie Fossey
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary Health Care, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Tracy Fortune
- Department of Community and Clinical Allied Health, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Besse C, Poremski D, Laliberté V, Latimer E. The meaning and experience of stress among supported employment clients with mental health problems. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2018; 26:383-392. [PMID: 29239029 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many clinicians are concerned that competitive work may cause excessive stress for people with severe mental health problems. Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is acknowledged as the most effective model of supported employment for this population. The manner in which IPS clients define and experience employment-related stress is poorly understood. This qualitative study aims to explore how people with mental health problems receiving IPS services define and experience employment-related stress. We purposively sampled and interviewed 16 clients of an IPS programme, who had been competitively employed for more than 1 month. Data were collected between September 2014 and July 2015 in Montreal, Canada. Transcripts of semi-structured interviews were analysed using grounded theory methodology. IPS clients often defined stress similar to its common understanding: the result of experiencing prolonged or/and cumulative strains, or of an incongruence between efforts and rewards, hopes and reality. Stress experienced in this way could exacerbate psychiatric symptoms, especially depression or psychotic symptoms. However, when maintained at a more manageable level, stress stimulated learning and improved planning of tasks. Participants described different coping mechanisms, such as sharing their experiences and difficulties with others, focusing on problem resolution and avoidance. The first two of these helped IPS clients remain at work and bolstered their confidence. Work-related stress has potentially positive as well as negative consequences for IPS clients. In order to maximise the potential beneficial effects of stress, employment specialists can help clients anticipate potential stressors and plan how they might cope with them. Further research on the most effective ways of helping clients cope with stress is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Besse
- Community Psychiatry Service, CHUV (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Poremski
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Laliberté
- Department of psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Latimer
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Purc-Stephenson R, Jones SK, Ferguson CL. “Forget about the glass ceiling, I’m stuck in a glass box”: A meta-ethnography of work participation for persons with physical disabilities. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2017. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-160842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
14
|
Williams AE, Fossey E, Corbière M, Paluch T, Harvey C. Work participation for people with severe mental illnesses: An integrative review of factors impacting job tenure. Aust Occup Ther J 2016; 63:65-85. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Williams
- School of Allied Health; La Trobe University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Living with Disability Research Centre; La Trobe University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Ellie Fossey
- Living with Disability Research Centre; La Trobe University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Marc Corbière
- Department of Education; Université du Québec à Montréal; Montréal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Carol Harvey
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Poremski D, Woodhall-Melnik J, Lemieux AJ, Stergiopoulos V. Persisting Barriers to Employment for Recently Housed Adults with Mental Illness Who Were Homeless. J Urban Health 2016; 93:96-108. [PMID: 26666250 PMCID: PMC4794459 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-015-0012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Adults with mental illness who are homeless experience multiple barriers to employment, contributing to difficulties securing and maintaining housing. Housing First programs provide quick, low-barrier access to housing and support services for this population, but their success in improving employment outcomes has been limited. Supported employment interventions may augment Housing First programs and address barriers to employment for homeless adults with mental illness. The present paper presents data from qualitative interviews to shed light on the persisting barriers to employment among people formerly homeless. Once housed, barriers to employment persisted, including the following: (1) worries about disclosing sensitive information, (2) fluctuating motivation, (3) continued substance use, and (4) fears about re-experiencing homelessness-related trauma. Nevertheless, participants reported that their experiences of homelessness helped them develop interpersonal strength and resilience. Discussing barriers with an employment specialist helps participants develop strategies to overcome them, but employment specialists must be sensitive to specific homelessness-related experiences that may not be immediately evident. Supported housing was insufficient to help people return to employment. Supported employment may help people return to work by addressing persisting barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Poremski
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, the Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada. .,Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore.
| | - Julia Woodhall-Melnik
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, the Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Vicky Stergiopoulos
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, the Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Doroud N, Fossey E, Fortune T. Recovery as an occupational journey: A scoping review exploring the links between occupational engagement and recovery for people with enduring mental health issues. Aust Occup Ther J 2015; 62:378-92. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Doroud
- Department of Community and Clinical Allied Health; School of Allied Health; La Trobe University; Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | - Ellie Fossey
- Living with Disability Research Centre; School of Allied Health; La Trobe University; Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | - Tracy Fortune
- Department of Community and Clinical Allied Health; School of Allied Health; La Trobe University; Bundoora Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Razzano LA, Hamilton MM, Yost C, Pashka NJ, Perloff JK. Employment Outcomes for Individuals With HIV/AIDS and Co-Occurring Mental Health Factors. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15487768.2015.1001700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
18
|
Luciano A, Meara E. Employment status of people with mental illness: national survey data from 2009 and 2010. Psychiatr Serv 2014; 65:1201-9. [PMID: 24933361 PMCID: PMC4182106 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201300335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe employment according to mental illness severity in the United States during 2009 and 2010. METHODS The sample included all working-age participants (ages 18-64) from the 2009 and 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N=77,326). Two well-established scales of mental health distinguished participants with none, mild, moderate, and serious mental illness. Analyses compared employment rate and income by mental illness severity. Employment status was estimated with logistic regression models that controlled for demographic characteristics and substance use disorders. In secondary analyses the relationship between mental illness and employment was assessed for variation by age and education status. RESULTS Employment rates decreased with increasing mental illness severity (no mental illness, 75.9% employment; mild, 68.8%; moderate, 62.7%; and serious, 54.5%, p<.001). Over a third of people with serious mental illness, 38.5%, had incomes <$10,000 (compared with 23.1% of people with no mental illness, p<.001). The gap in adjusted employment rates comparing persons with serious versus no mental illness was 1% among people 18-25 years old versus 21% among people 50-64 (p<.001). CONCLUSIONS More severe mental illness was associated with lower employment rates in 2009 and 2010. People with serious mental illness are less likely than people with no, mild, or moderate mental illness to be employed after age 49.
Collapse
|