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Baghdadi NA, Sankarapandian C, Arulappan J, Taani MH, Snethen J, Andargeery SY. The Association between Nursing Students' Happiness, Emotional Intelligence, and Perceived Caring Behavior in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 12:67. [PMID: 38200973 PMCID: PMC10778723 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caring behavior is a major focus of the nursing profession and an important dimension of nursing practice that sets nurses apart from other healthcare professionals. Effective patient-centered care requires ensuring nurses have the emotional intelligence and happiness to address the daily demands of practice. The purpose of this study is to examine the emotional intelligence and happiness among nursing students and their relationship with caring behaviors. METHODS A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational study was conducted on nursing students (n = 363) from Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, via an online survey. Measures include demographic data survey, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, and Caring Behaviors Inventory scale. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were conducted for this study. RESULTS Nursing students reported their highest degree of caring was in terms of 'respectful differences to others', while their lowest was in 'knowledge and skills'. Emotional intelligence and happiness were significant predictors of caring behaviors and explained the variance in assurance of human presence (17.5%), knowledge and skills (17.5%), respectful differences to others (18%), and positive connectedness (12.9%). In the final regression model, emotional intelligence and happiness were significant predictors of caring behaviors and explained 19.5% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS Emotional intelligence and happiness among nursing students were found to be important factors to improve their caregiving behaviors. Therefore, nursing educators should consider integrating emotional intelligence and happiness interventions for students into their curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah A. Baghdadi
- Nursing Management and Education Department, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Chandrakala Sankarapandian
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Judie Arulappan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Muscat 123, Oman;
| | - Murad H. Taani
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 1921 East Hartford Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA; (M.H.T.); (J.S.)
| | - Julia Snethen
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 1921 East Hartford Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA; (M.H.T.); (J.S.)
| | - Shaherah Yousef Andargeery
- Nursing Management and Education Department, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
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Park SY, Huberty J, Yourell J, McAlister KL, Beatty CC. A Spiritual Self-Care Mobile App (Skylight) for Mental Health, Sleep, and Spiritual Well-Being Among Generation Z and Young Millennials: Cross-Sectional Survey. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e50239. [PMID: 37597179 PMCID: PMC10568400 DOI: 10.2196/50239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generation Z (Gen Z) and young millennials (GenZennials) (ages 18-35 years) are unique in that they either have no memory of or were born shortly after the internet "explosion." They are constantly on the internet, face significant challenges with their mental health and sleep, and are frequent users of digital wellness apps. GenZennials also uniquely identify with and practice spirituality, which has been linked to better mental health and sleep in adult populations. Research has not examined digital approaches to spiritual self-care and its relationship to mental health and sleep in GenZennials. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe a sample of adult GenZennials who use a spiritual self-care app (ie, Skylight), describe how users engage with and perceive the app, and assess the relationship between frequency of using the app with mental health, sleep, and spiritual well-being. METHODS Participants were 475 adult Gen Z (ages 18-28 years) and young millennial (ages 29-35 years) Skylight app users who responded to an anonymous survey on the web. The survey asked about demographics, spiritual self-care and practice, and user engagement and perceptions of the app. Outcome measures included 4 validated surveys for mental health (ie, depression, anxiety, and stress) and sleep disturbance, and one validated survey on spiritual well-being. Mean scores were calculated for all measures, and linear regressions were conducted to examine the relationship between the frequency of app use and mental health, sleep, and spiritual well-being outcomes. RESULTS Participants were predominantly White (324/475, 68.2%) and female (255/475, 53.7%), and approximately half Gen Z (260/475, 54.5%) and half young millennials (215/475, 45.3%). Most users engaged in spiritual self-care (399/475, 84%) and said it was important or very important to them (437/475, 92%). Users downloaded the app for spiritual well-being (130/475, 30%) and overall health (125/475, 26.3%). Users had normal, average depressive symptoms (6.9/21), borderline abnormal anxiety levels (7.7/21), slightly elevated stress (6.7/16), and nonclinically significant sleep disturbance (5.3/28). Frequency of app use was significantly associated with lower anxiety (Moderate use: β=-2.01; P=.02; high use: β=-2.58; P<.001). There were no significant relationships between the frequency of app use and mental health, sleep, and spiritual well-being outcomes except for the personal domain of spiritual well-being. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to describe a sample of adult GenZennials who use a spiritual self-care app and examine how the frequency of app use is related to their mental health, sleep, and spiritual well-being. Spiritual self-care apps like Skylight may be useful in addressing anxiety among GenZennials and be a resource to spiritually connect to their personal spiritual well-being. Future research is needed to determine how a spiritual self-care app may benefit mental health, sleep, and spiritual well-being in adult GenZennials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Y Park
- Skylight, Radiant Foundation, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Shahidi Delshad E, Nobahar M, Raiesdana N, Yarahmadi S, Saberian M. Academic resilience, moral perfectionism, and self-compassion among undergraduate nursing students: A cross-sectional, multi-center study. J Prof Nurs 2023; 46:39-44. [PMID: 37188420 DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Academic resilience has been identified as a coping method for nursing students' educational and practice challenges. Despite the importance of academic resilience, knowledge on how to enhance academic resilience is under-researched. To suggest suitable approaches, relationships between academic resilience and other constructs need to be appraised. OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate predictors of academic resilience, examining its relationships with other essential constructs: self-compassion and moral perfectionism, in undergraduate nursing students in Iran. DESIGN This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022. PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample of 250 undergraduate nursing students at three universities in Iran participated in this study by completing self-report measures. METHODS Data collection tools were Nursing Student Academic Resilience Inventory, Moral Perfectionism scale, and Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS The mean and standard deviation of academic resilience were 57.57 ± 23.69; moral perfectionism 50.24 ± 9.97, and self-compassion 37.19 ± 5.02. Self-compassion had significantly related to moral perfectionism (r = 0.23, p < 0.001). Academic resilience had no statistically significant relationship with moral perfectionism (r = -0.05, p = 0.41) and self-compassion (r = -0.06, p = 0.35), but significantly affect age (r = 0.14, p = 0.03), Grade point average (r = 0.18, p < 0.001) and university of study (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). The grade point average and the university of the study predicted 33 % of the changes in academic resilience, and the greatest impact was related to the university (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Adopting appropriate educational strategies and supporting the students will help improve nursing students' academic resilience and performance. Promoting self-compassion will lead to the development of nursing students' moral perfectionism.
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Lassiter JM, O'Garro-Moore JK, Anwar K, Smallwood SW, Burnett-Zeigler IE, Stepleman L, Sizemore KM, Grov C, Rendina HJ. Spirituality, self-compassion, and anxiety among sexual minority men: a longitudinal mediation analysis. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2023; 36:229-240. [PMID: 35114866 PMCID: PMC9346091 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2033235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Research related to anxiety among sexual minority men (SMM) typically focuses on risk factors. It has seldom examined factors that may be associated with lower levels of anxiety. This gap in the literature represents an opportunity to explore positive psychological factors that may be related to lower levels of anxiety among this group. Spirituality and self-compassion are two positive psychological factors that have been associated with reduced anxiety in general samples but have been understudied among SMM. This study aimed to determine the longitudinal associations between spirituality, self-compassion, and anxiety. DESIGN AND METHODS Guided by an Afrocentric psychological framework, we conducted a secondary quantitative analysis with data from a racially and ethnically diverse sample of 697 U.S. SMM. RESULTS Utilizing Hayes PROCESS Macro Model 4, we found that spirituality at baseline was positively associated with self-compassion at baseline, which in turn was inversely associated with anxiety at 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings provide evidence that spirituality and self-compassion are two positive psychological factors that are inversely associated with anxiety among SMM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jared K O'Garro-Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kainaat Anwar
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Stacy W Smallwood
- Department of Health Policy & Community Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Inger E Burnett-Zeigler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lara Stepleman
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - K Marie Sizemore
- Department of Psychiatry (RWJMS), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Christian Grov
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
- CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Jonathon Rendina
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Whitman-Walker Institute, Washington, DC, USA
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Wang H, Lou X. The Correlation Between Self-Compassion and Life Satisfaction Varies Across Societal Individualism-Collectivism: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00220221221109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-compassion is positively correlated with life satisfaction. However, no previous work examined the cross-cultural difference regarding the effect size of this correlation. Using 79 independent samples ( N = 23,976) from 26 countries/regions, this three-level meta-analysis synthesized the effect sizes of their correlation, partitioned the between-study heterogeneity into the within- and between-country levels, and examined the moderating role of national culture according to the revised Minkov-Hofstede model. Results indicated that self-compassion was positively correlated with life satisfaction, with a moderate-to-large effect size (.40 ≤ r ≤ .47); 33.66% and 35.73% of the effect size variance could be attributed to the within-country and between-country heterogeneities; this correlation was stronger in samples collected from more individualistic societies. This study highlights that self-compassion may fit differently into different cultural realities and the importance of raising cultural awareness in future self-compassion research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobi Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Lu J, Potts CA, Allen RS, Lewis PD, Johnson KA. An Exploration of Spiritual Well-being Among Homeless People: A Hierarchical Regression Analysis. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:2433-2446. [PMID: 33403600 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explored homeless people's (N = 164) spiritual well-being (SWB) in relation to race, mental illness, physical disease, resilience, and trait mindfulness. The results of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that variables of race (p = 0.003), mental illness (p = 0.04), resilience (p < 0.001) and trait mindfulness (p < 0.001) contributed to participants' SWB. These findings were critical to research related to homelessness and service provisions in finding that homeless people with certain backgrounds (e.g., mental illness) might have lower SWB than their counterparts. This research also revealed protective factors (e.g., resilience) that could help promote SWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Lu
- Department of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology and Counseling, The University of Alabama, Box 870231, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
| | - Courtney A Potts
- Department of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology and Counseling, The University of Alabama, Box 870231, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Rebecca S Allen
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging and The Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | | | - Karen A Johnson
- The School of Social Work, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Johnson AH, Wilson J, Magner D, Urban RW, Martin S, Zhang Y. Exploring Meditation Profiles and Predictors in Nursing Students. J Holist Nurs 2022; 41:142-154. [PMID: 35620800 DOI: 10.1177/08980101221102691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nursing students face unique academic and clinical workloads linked to increased stress. Previous studies indicate formal and informal mindfulness meditation provide stress-reducing benefits. This practice aligns with holistic nursing core values of self-care and self-reflection; little is known about meditation practice in nursing students. Objectives: Our study aimed to describe meditation practice and predictors in pre-licensure nursing students. Design: Cross-sectional, multi-site. Methods: Qualtrics surveys queried individual demographics, personal meditation and exercise habits, and indicators of wellbeing. Results: Of 417 participants, 65% (n = 271) reported at least one type of meditation practice. Prayer/spiritual activities were most prevalent (almost 70%), followed by breathing exercises (41%). Meditators reported good or excellent self-rated health status or engaged in exercise (p < .05). Meditators also reported more self-compassion, happiness, and satisfaction with life, and perceived less stress than non-meditators (p < .05). Of all factors studied, only engaging in exercise significantly predicted practicing meditation (OR = 2.05, 95%CI 1.10-3.82). Conclusion: Nursing students who engage in meditation report signs of health and well-being and utilize holistic methods such as prayer and breathing. The intrinsic motivation to engage in healthy habits such as exercise may also help students engage in mindfulness meditation and is an important finding for nursing educators.
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Juanamasta IG, Aungsuroch Y, Gunawan J, Fisher ML. Postgraduate and undergraduate student nurses' well-being: A scoping review. J Prof Nurs 2022; 40:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Spiritual Care Competences among Health Care Professionals in Pakistan: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Survey. RELIGIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rel13040370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: There is a gap in healthcare literature related to the spiritual competence of physicians and nurses practicing in South Asian Muslim communities. To fill that gap, the Spiritual Care Competence Questionnaire (SCCQ) was applied which was developed to address multi-professional spiritual care competences. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study among 294 health professionals (61% physicians, 17% nurses, and 22% other professions) in 10 hospitals in Punjab, Pakistan. Results: The highest scoring competences were “Dealing with patients/Communication competences”, while “Team Spirit” scored lowest. There were no gender related differences, but there were effects related to professions. “Team Spirit”, “Dealing with patients/Communication competences”, and “Empowerment competences” scored significantly higher in nurses as compared to physicians and other health care professionals, while there were no significant differences for their “Perception/Documentation competences”. These competences were not relevantly related to the intensity of their prayer/meditation activity. Conclusions: Health care professional from Punjab were preferred to tolerate the pain and the suffering of patients and their relatives rather than to talk about spiritual care issues. Their spiritual care competences were less developed. Thus, there is a clear need for further specific education and training of health professionals.
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Yeşi Ltepe A, Sayar S, Çal A. Investigation of the effect of the life satisfaction and psychological well-being of nursing students on their happiness levels. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:541-548. [PMID: 34936104 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to examine the effect of nursing students' life satisfaction and psychological well-being on their perceived happiness levels. METHOD The study, which was designed as a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in Turkey with 264 students of nursing. FINDINGS Students' life satisfaction and happiness (r = 0.722), psychological well-being and happiness (r = 0.743), and psychological well-being and life satisfaction (r = 0.689) were found to be positively and highly correlated. Students' gender and perception of income status and general health status affected their happiness levels. It was revealed that life satisfaction and psychological well-being predict happiness (63.6%). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The factors of life satisfaction and psychological well-being play a decisive role in the happiness of nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serap Sayar
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Çal
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
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Karakus M, Ersozlu A, Usak M, Yucel S. Spirituality and Well-Being of Children, Adolescent, and Adult Students: A Scientific Mapping of the Literature. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:4296-4315. [PMID: 34580819 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to map the selected literature on students' spirituality and well-being to reveal the current and historical research trends in the relevant literature. Bibliographic coupling of the journals, countries, authors, and organizations, and co-occurrences of author keywords were illustrated through VOSviewer. Moreover, citation analysis was done, and h-classics publications were reviewed. The researchers did the initial search on January 5, 2020, and updated all the records on August 14, 2021. Most of the studies showed that students' spirituality was positively associated with their well-being. Most of the researchers preferred to work on samples of adult and adolescent students rather than children. The current and historical trends in the relevant literature are discussed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Karakus
- Centre for Global Learning, Education and Attainment, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Alpay Ersozlu
- STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Muhammet Usak
- Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Salih Yucel
- Centre for Islamic Studies and Civilisation, Charles Sturt University; Faculty of Theology and Philosophy, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
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12
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Fisher JW. Validation and Utilisation of the Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire: SHALOM. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:3694-3715. [PMID: 34435266 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire (SWBQ) was developed from a theoretical understanding that spiritual well-being (SWB) is expressed in the quality of relationships that each person has across one or more of four domains, namely with self, others, environment and/or with a transcendent other. Based on the SWBQ, the Spiritual Health And Life-Orientation Measure (SHALOM) is unique in that it compares each person's lived experience with their ideals on the 20 items reflecting the four domains of SWB. This paper builds on previous reviews of the SWBQ-SHALOM, by providing breadth and depth of data and their validity, from a wide range of sources, and expressing the instrument's usefulness in a variety of settings. It provides an overview with details from 60 studies that started with the SWBQ-SHALOM. Presented herein are ideas on what can be done with further investigations of this vital aspect of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Fisher
- Department of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- Federation University, Ballarat, Australia.
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Ren S, Xi J, Ray A. Analysis of the correlation between students' self-compassion and external pressure under chronic stress response. Work 2021; 69:585-597. [PMID: 34120937 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the environment of college students is relatively safe, they are faced with the pressure of study, interpersonal relationship, and even future employment, which leads to a variety of psychological disorders, among which stress response is the most common one. As a new concept of healthy self, it is not clear how self - compassion affects students' stress response. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the role of students' self-compassion based on chronic stress response in negative emotional regulation and coping style selection caused by external pressure, and to provide a theoretical basis for the application of self-compassion in regulating individual emotions in the future. METHODS The 427 students from many universities in China who have applied for the 2020 postgraduate entrance examination and were preparing for the examination were classified into S1 group (preparation time < 2 months), S2 group (2 months < 5 months), and S3 group (preparation time > 5 months). The students who didn't apply for the examination were set as D0 control group. The total stress response score, learning pressure, and positive and negative emotional scores of each group were compared. The Bootstrapping sampling method was used to examine the mediating effect of self - compassion. The students applying for the examination were classified into high-level self-compassion group (G1) and low-level self-compassion group (G2). RESULTS The scores of learning stress and negative emotion in S1, S2, and S3 groups were significantly higher than those in D0 group, and S1 > S2 > S3 (P < 0.05). The proportion of students in G1 group who responded to review setbacks in a mature way was significantly higher than that in G2 group, and the proportion of immature type was significantly lower than that of G2 group (P < 0.05). There was a very significant positive correlation between self-compassion and problem solving and asking for help (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Self-compassion concept can reduce students' negative emotions facing external pressure and protect individual positive emotions. In conclusion, faced at external pressure and stress, individuals with high self-esteem would not escape from their own negative emotions, and were more inclined to choose a positive way to solve problems and seek help from others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Ren
- Mental Health Education Center, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Juzhe Xi
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Angel Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Maazallahi M, Ghonchepour A, Sohrabi M, Golestani Z, Parandeh Afshar P, Malakoutikhah A, Dehghan M. Spiritual Well-Being among Medical and Nonmedical Science Students. SCIENTIFICA 2021; 2021:6614961. [PMID: 33986969 PMCID: PMC8093076 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6614961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Spiritual well-being is one dimension of health that provides a person with stability, meaning, fulfillment in life, and self-belief. This study aimed to compare the spiritual well-being among students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences and the Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. With the demographic questionnaire and 20-item spiritual well-being scale of the "Paloutzian and Ellison" questionnaire, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 626 students of the universities of medical and nonmedical sciences by the quota sampling method in Kerman in 2017-2018. The scores of spiritual well-being and its two components were significantly higher in nonmedical science students (89.83 ± 16.79) than in the medical science students (81.61 ± 15.21) (p < 0.05). In addition, one percent of the nonmedical science students had a low level, 67.7% had a moderate level, and 31.3% had a high level of spiritual well-being. 0.3% of the medical science students had a low level, 84% had a moderate level, and 15.7% had a high level of spiritual well-being. Since spirituality is important for the profession of medical science students, it may be necessary to expand this component in their curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Maazallahi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Asma Ghonchepour
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Zakiyeh Golestani
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Peiman Parandeh Afshar
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Malakoutikhah
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahlagha Dehghan
- Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Zhang Y, Lv S, Li C, Xiong Y, Zhou C, Li X, Ye M. Smartphone use disorder and future time perspective of college students: the mediating role of depression and moderating role of mindfulness. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2020; 14:3. [PMID: 31988657 PMCID: PMC6969420 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-020-0309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone use disorder (SUD) of college students has drawn increasing attention. Although future time perspective (FTP) may be an important protective factor for individual SUD, the moderating and mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unknown. We tested the individual roles of depression and mindfulness as moderators of this relationship. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in two colleges in Shandong and Chongqing in China using a sample of 1304 college students recruited by stratified cluster sampling. Data were collected through a validated self-report instrument. A moderation-mediation model was constructed, and an SPSS PROCESS macro was used to analyse the data. RESULTS The correlation analyses showed that FTP was negatively associated with SUD of college students. The mediation model revealed that depression partially mediated the link between FTP and SUD of college students. The moderation-mediation model suggested that mindfulness moderates two direct paths: FTP to depression and depression to SUD. In the first path (FTP to depression), a high level of mindfulness among college students had weakened the relationship between FTP and depression. Here, the relationship is strengthened by a low level of mindfulness. In the second path (depression to SUD), low levels of mindfulness strengthen the link between depression and FTP. In contrast, significant association was not found with high levels of mindfulness. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that interventions, such as improving the individual level of FTP and mindfulness, should be conducted. These interventions, in turn, help control the level of depression in college students and ultimately decrease their level of SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchang Zhang
- 0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8The Innovation Centre for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Shuai Lv
- School of Modern Logistics, Qingdao Harbour Vocational and Technical College, Qingdao, 266404 Shandong China
| | - Cunya Li
- 0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8The Innovation Centre for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yang Xiong
- 0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Department of the First Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Chenxi Zhou
- grid.452206.7The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuerui Li
- grid.452206.7The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengliang Ye
- 0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,0000 0000 8653 0555grid.203458.8The Innovation Centre for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
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Hu Y, Jiao M, Li F. Effectiveness of spiritual care training to enhance spiritual health and spiritual care competency among oncology nurses. BMC Palliat Care 2019; 18:104. [PMID: 31771570 PMCID: PMC6880564 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-019-0489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although spiritual care is a basic element of holistic nursing, nurses’ spiritual care knowledge and abilities are often unable to satisfy patients’ spiritual care needs. Therefore, nurses are in urgent need of relevant training to enhance their abilities to provide patients with spiritual care. Design A nonrandomized controlled trial. Objective To establish a spiritual care training protocol and verify its effectiveness. Methods This study recruited 92 nurses at a cancer treatment hospital in a single province via voluntary sign-up. The nurses were divided into two groups—the study group (45 people) and the control (wait-listed) group (47 people)—using a coin-toss method. The study group received one spiritual care group training session every six months based on their routine nursing education; this training chiefly consisted of lectures by experts, group interventions, clinical practice, and case sharing. The control group participated in monthly nursing education sessions organized by the hospital for 12 continuous months. Results After 12 months of intervention, the nurses in the study group had significantly higher overall spiritual health and spiritual care competency scores as well as significantly higher scores on all individual dimensions compared with those in the control group (P < 0.01). Conclusions A spiritual care training protocol for nurses based on the concept of mutual growth with patients enhances nurses’ spiritual well-being and spiritual care competencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Hu
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Miaorui Jiao
- Department of Digestive Radiotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fan Li
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China. .,Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China. .,The Key Laboratory for Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang, China. .,College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, No. 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
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