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Mousavizadeh SN, Jandaghian-Bidgoli M. The effects of nurse-led spiritual care on psychological well-being in the healthcare services of patients with cardiovascular diseases in Iran: a systematic review. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:403. [PMID: 39090532 PMCID: PMC11295671 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-04076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) significantly impacts patients' lives, affecting not only their physical health but also their spiritual well-being. While holistic care acknowledges the importance of addressing spiritual needs, the integration of nurse-led spiritual care within CVD management remains understudied. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritual and psychological interventions in enhancing quality of life and reducing anxiety among CVD patients. METHODS Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search across multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, SID, Magiran, and Web of Science) for relevant articles published in English and Persian between 2013 and 2023. The risk of bias in included experimental and quasi-experimental studies was assessed using ROB 2 and ROBINS-I scales. RESULTS The initial search yielded 1416 articles. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, along with qualitative evaluation, 15 studies with a total of 1035 participants were selected for review. These studies explored the impact of spiritual interventions (e.g., healthy heart model, emotion-oriented approach, communication with a higher power, acceptance, and relationship improvement) on anxiety, stress, life expectancy, depression, blood parameters, spiritual experiences, pain, and negative emotions in CVD patients. All reviewed studies reported positive outcomes with spiritual interventions, demonstrating their effectiveness in reducing anxiety, depression, pain, stress, and negative emotions, while also improving quality of life and possibly life expectancy. CONCLUSION Integrating spiritual care into routine care for CVD patients presents a promising approach to improve their overall well-being. This review highlights the effectiveness of spiritual interventions in reducing various negative emotions and enhancing quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42023448687).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Narjes Mousavizadeh
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Managment, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, In Front of Shahid Rajai Heart Hospital, The Intersection of Hashemi Rafsanjani Grand Way, Valiasr Street, Tehran, Iran.
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Tutzer F, Schurr T, Frajo-Apor B, Pardeller S, Plattner B, Schmit A, Conca A, Fronthaler M, Haring C, Holzner B, Huber M, Marksteiner J, Miller C, Perwanger V, Pycha R, Schmidt M, Sperner-Unterweger B, Hofer A. Relevance of spirituality and perceived social support to mental health of people with pre-existing mental health disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal investigation. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:1437-1448. [PMID: 38112803 PMCID: PMC11291591 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and related measures have negatively impacted mental health worldwide. The main objective of the present longitudinal study was to investigate mental health in people living in Tyrol (Austria) and South Tyrol (Italy) during the COVID-19 pandemic and to report the prevalence of psychological distress among individuals with versus those without pre-existing mental health disorders (MHD) in the long-term (summer 2020-winter 2022). Here, we specifically focus on the relevance of spirituality and perceived social support in this regard. METHODS 161 individuals who had been diagnosed with MHD and 446 reference subjects participated in this online survey. Electronic data capture was conducted using the Computer-based Health Evaluation System and included both sociodemographic and clinical aspects as well as standardized questionnaires on psychological distress, spirituality, and the perception of social support. RESULTS The prevalence of psychological distress was significantly higher in individuals with MHD (36.6% vs. 12.3%) and remained unchanged among both groups over time. At baseline, the perception of social support was significantly higher in healthy control subjects, whereas the two groups were comparable in regards of the subjective relevance of faith. Reference subjects indicated significantly higher spiritual well-being in terms of the sense of meaning in life and peacefulness, which mediated in large part the between-group difference of psychological distress at follow-up. Notably, both faith and the perception of social support did not prove to be relevant in this context. CONCLUSIONS These findings point to a consistently high prevalence of psychological distress among people suffering from MHD and underscore the prominent role of meaning in life and peacefulness as a protective factor in times of crisis. Therapeutic strategies that specifically target spirituality may have a beneficial impact on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Tutzer
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Timo Schurr
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Beatrice Frajo-Apor
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Silvia Pardeller
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Plattner
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Bolzano, Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Anna Schmit
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Conca
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Bolzano, Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Martin Fronthaler
- Therapy Center Bad Bachgart, Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, Rodengo, Italy
| | - Christian Haring
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy B, State Hospital Hall in Tyrol, Hall in Tyrol, Austria
| | - Bernhard Holzner
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Brunico, Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, Brunico, Italy
| | - Josef Marksteiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A, State Hospital Hall in Tyrol, Hall in Tyrol, Austria
| | - Carl Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, County Hospital Kufstein, Kufstein, Austria
| | - Verena Perwanger
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Merano, Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, Merano, Italy
| | - Roger Pycha
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Bressanone, Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, Bressanone, Italy
| | - Martin Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, County Hospital Lienz, Lienz, Austria
| | - Barbara Sperner-Unterweger
- Division of Psychiatry II, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Hofer
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Davarinia Motlagh Quchan A, Mohammadzadeh F, Mohamadzadeh Tabrizi Z, Bahri N. The relationship between spiritual health and COVID-19 anxiety among nurses: a national online cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16356. [PMID: 39014098 PMCID: PMC11252253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has created many concerns in most countries. Nurses are among healthcare workers who are largely engaged in providing care to COVID-19 patients, which makes nurses prone to disease-related worries and stresses. Thus, it is essential to identify the factors which may alleviate their stress and anxiety. This study aimed to determine the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and spiritual health among Iranian nurses. This cross-sectional online survey was conducted between March 2020 and January 2021 on 919 Iranian nurses who worked in healthcare centers in Iran during the COVID-19 outbreak. The participants were recruited by convenience sampling Method. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Ellison's standard Spiritual Well-Being (SWB) Scale, and the standard scale of Corona Disease Anxiety. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Of the participants, 47.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 43.7-50.2%) had moderate to severe anxiety. The mean score of spiritual health was 73.3 ± 12.5. The multiple linear model indicated a significant negative correlation with a medium effect size between SWB and COVID-19 anxiety levels in a way that for 10 units increase in the SWB was associated with 2.72 units decrease in anxiety score (Adjusted partial r = - 0.320, p < 0.001). The findings revealed a reverse significant relationship between spiritual health and COVID-19 anxiety. On the other hand, nurses with better spiritual health experienced a lower level of COVID-19 anxiety. Therefore, improving spiritual health could help decrease nurses' anxiety during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Davarinia Motlagh Quchan
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Health, Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mohamadzadeh Tabrizi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narjes Bahri
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
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Strange KE, Mixer SJ, Embler P, Smith JL, Troutman-Jordan M. Influences of Faith on Rural Appalachian Older Adult Health: An Ethnonursing Study. J Transcult Nurs 2024; 35:112-124. [PMID: 38062764 DOI: 10.1177/10436596231213343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rural Appalachian older adults (RAOAs) constitute a vulnerable population and experience significant health disparities. The combination of age, poverty, rural residence, health care provider shortages, and limited transportation increases risks for poor health outcomes. Spirituality enhances older adult health; however, little is known about spirituality-health linkages of RAOAs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to discover the influences of spirituality on RAOA health. METHODOLOGY Culture Care Theory and ethnonursing method guided analysis of 32 RAOA interviews in community settings in East Tennessee. RESULTS "Faith" is an integral component of RAOA culture and health. Three themes were extrapolated: (a) Relationship with God is personal; (b) faith beliefs and practices influence health, illness, death, and dying; and [the need to] (c) "Open the door" for spiritual care. DISCUSSION Faith assessment and spiritual care recommendations contribute to culturally congruent care for RAOAs and may be transferable to care for other older adults.
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Lee KH, Jun JS. Grief, Social Support, Spirituality, and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults in Assisted Living in Kansas. JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED SOCIAL WORK (2019) 2023; 20:765-779. [PMID: 37843264 DOI: 10.1080/26408066.2023.2211970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the roles of grief, social support, as well as spirituality on the depressive symptoms of older adults in assisted living in Kansas. This study tested three hypotheses: a high level of grief will be related to a high level of depressive symptoms; high levels of social support (family, friends, and significant persons) will be associated with a low level of depressive symptoms; and high levels of spiritual experience and coping will be associated with a low level of depressive symptoms. METHODS This study recruited 316 older adult residents aged 65 or over from seven assisted living facilities in Kansas. This cross-sectional survey was done by face-to-face interviews using the purposive sampling method. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to test the three sets of variables in relation to depressive symptoms: socio-demographics, social support factors, and spiritual factors. RESULTS Participants' mean age was 82.6 years, ranging from 65 to 102; 70.9% were female. Married participants consisted of 18.7%, and over 64% were widowed. Hierarchical multivariate regression results indicated that a high level of grief was significantly related to a high level of depressive symptoms. On the other hand, high levels of social support from friends and spiritual coping were significantly associated with a low level of depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Assisted living facilities may consider developing appropriate bereavement, social support, and spiritual intervention programs, which will alleviate the depression issues of older adult residents after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Hag Lee
- School of Social Work, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Jung Sim Jun
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Kızılkaya M, Atuğ M. Views of Family Members Who Take Care of an Elderly Person they Live with on Ageism, Spirituality and Death in Turkey: A Qualitative Approach. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:3095-3109. [PMID: 37266900 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This descriptive qualitative research examined the views of people caring for an elderly family member on ageism, spirituality, and death. A total of 12 people who lived in the same house as the elderly person they cared for made up the study sample. Data were collected via face-to-face, in-depth interviews using a structured interview format. The content analysis method was used for the data analysis. The analysis of the study data yielded three themes: the definition of ageism, the meaning of spirituality and its effects on care, and the position of death in life. The results indicated that living with and caring for an elderly individual made the lives of the family members providing care meaningful, spirituality was important in the care of elderly individuals, and caregivers could be considered at risk in terms of the burden of care. It is recommended that health professionals support caregivers sharing the same house with an elderly family member through training programs on the burden of care, spiritual care, and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Kızılkaya
- Department of Mental Health and Diseases Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
| | - Mahsun Atuğ
- Aydın Adnan Menderes University Research and Application Hospital, Aydın, Turkey
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Jiang X, Lu W, Luo H, Yang J, Chen M, Wang J, Wu M, Chen X, Tang Y, Hu Y, Zhang L. Spirituality and Attitudes Toward Death Among Older Adults in Rural and Urban China: A Cross-Sectional Study. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:3070-3094. [PMID: 37012553 PMCID: PMC10071228 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate spirituality and attitudes toward death among rural and urban elderly. We asked 134 older adults from rural areas and 128 from urban areas to complete a self-administrated questionnaire including the Spiritual Self-assessment Scale and Death Attitude Scale. The fear and anxiety of death, escape acceptance, natural acceptance, approach acceptance, and death avoidance scores of older adults living in rural areas were higher than those living in urban areas. The construction of social infrastructure and medical care should be strengthened in rural areas so as to improve older adults' attitudes toward death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiucheng Jiang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weinan Lu
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Luo
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Min Chen
- Nursing Department, Pidu District People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mengping Wu
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiyao Chen
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yanli Hu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, No.1, Xinzao Road, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Limei Zhang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Mirhosseini S, Montazeri A, Khanmohammadi M, Qasemi Haddad A, Nadali J, Basirinezhad MH, Mohebbi S, Ebrahimi H. Spiritual Well-Being and Death Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Iranian Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231195103. [PMID: 37586030 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231195103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients experience a tremendous psychological burden, typically in the form of death worry due to acute medical conditions and the possibility of mortality. The unfavourable conditions of ACS patients cause them to reconsider the meaning of life and their spiritual well-being. This study evaluated the association between death anxiety and spiritual well-being in a total of 241 ACS patients in Shahroud, northeast of Iran. The data were collected using the Templer Death Anxiety Scale, and the Spiritual Well-being Scale by convenience sampling method. All patients indicated a high degree of death anxiety, and roughly half reported a moderate level of spiritual well-being. There was a significant and direct correlation between death anxiety and spiritual well-being levels. Older age, single status, and non-smoking were other predictors of good spiritual well-being. A multidisciplinary health team should identify and implement approaches to promote spiritual well-being and reduce mental suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedmohammad Mirhosseini
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Ali Montazeri
- Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mobina Khanmohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Aida Qasemi Haddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Javad Nadali
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Basirinezhad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sara Mohebbi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hossein Ebrahimi
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Aryafard H, Dehvan F, Albatineh AN, Dalvand S, Ghanei Gheshlagh R. Evaluating the Correlation of Death Anxiety With Spirituality, Religious Attitude, and Resilience in Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231187107. [PMID: 37386446 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231187107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the correlation between spirituality, religious attitude, and resilience with death anxiety in cardiovascular patients in Sanandaj, Iran. This study was conducted on 414 cardiovascular patients, who were selected by convenience sampling method. Demographic information forms, Spiritual Well Being Scale, Golriz and Burhani's Religious Attitude, Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire, and Templer's Death Anxiety Scale were used to collect data. Results indicated that compared to urban areas, living in rural areas significantly increased the average score of death anxiety by 0.55 points (p = 0.026). Additionally, a one-unit increase in religious attitude and resilience significantly reduced the mean score of death anxiety by 0.05 (p = 0.003) and 0.13 (p <0.001) on average, respectively. Spearman rank correlation indicated that religious attitudes and resilience were inversely and significantly correlated with death anxiety. Therefore, providing counseling sessions with psychologists and clergy seems necessary for a favorable change in the state of death anxiety in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdieh Aryafard
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fazel Dehvan
- Clinical Care Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ahmed Najeeb Albatineh
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Sahar Dalvand
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
- Spiritual Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Koç M, Sarı T, Altıntaş B, Kissal A, Gürhan N. Investigation into the Relationship Between COVID-19 Anxiety and Spiritual Orientation in Elderly Individuals in Nursing Homes and Care Centers in Turkey. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36973605 PMCID: PMC10042407 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Spirituality is seen as a coping strategy for reducing stress and anxiety. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and the spiritual orientation of individuals aged 65 and over in nursing homes and elderly care centers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. The findings showed that with increasing age, coronavirus anxiety levels decrease, and spiritual orientation increases. There was a negative relationship between the time of diagnosis of COVID-19 and coronavirus anxiety (r = - .48; p = 0.01). Those diagnosed with COVID-19 had higher coronavirus anxiety levels (U = 374.5; p < 0.001) and had lower spiritual orientation (U = 593.5; p > 0.05). As spiritual orientation increases in elderly individuals, their level of anxiety decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medine Koç
- Psychiatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Science, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250 Tokat, Turkey
| | - Tuba Sarı
- Psychiatric Nursing Department, Institute of Graduate Studies, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250 Tokat, Turkey
| | - Büşra Altıntaş
- Psychiatric Nursing Department, Institute of Graduate Studies, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250 Tokat, Turkey
| | - Aygul Kissal
- Public Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Science, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250 Tokat, Turkey
| | - Nermin Gürhan
- Psychiatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Science, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250 Tokat, Turkey
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Bulut MB. Relationship Between Attachment and Fear of Death: The Mediating Role of Religious Coping. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231157133. [PMID: 36775578 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231157133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the link between attachment, religious coping, and fear of death were examined in a sample of 224 Turkish Muslim adults. Data were gathered by Experiences in Close Relationship Scale, Religious Coping Scale, and Multidimensional Mortality Awareness Measure. Positive religious coping was adversely related to avoidant and anxious attachments. When compared to anxious attachment, which was positively related to both negative religious coping and fear of death, avoidant attachment was not correlated with any of these variables. Fear of death correlated positively with negative religious coping. Furthermore, the link between anxious attachment and fear of death was partially mediated by negative religious coping. Findings imply that negative religious coping is important in the relationship between fear of death and anxious attachment.
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Gabay G, Tarabeih M. Invalidating the Leadership of Muslim Spiritual Leaders in Death From COVID-And Shaping the Grief Journey - A Narrative Inquiry. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2022:302228221137393. [PMID: 36306778 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221137393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
This narrative study voices the perspectives of a hidden population, spiritual leaders of the Muslim minority in Israel whose leadership in attending to deaths throughout COVID-19 was invalidated. Findings elucidate their dilemmas as being responsible for protecting the community from infection on one hand, and for guiding religious death rituals and preventing disenfranchised grief of families and the community on the other hand. Denying religious minorities their right to conduct traditions in a safe manner and leaving spiritual leaders outside of decision making on shaping COVID-19 guidelines creates distrust and deepens aggravation of enfranchised grief. As the global society is becoming religiously fragmented, distrust of religious minorities in health authorities due to denial of burial of death rituals, funerals, and burials, may have societal consequences and must be considered. Recommendations of this study may assist authorities in creating guidelines that accord with the laws, traditions, and values of religions minorities, empowering their spiritual leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillie Gabay
- School of Sciences, Multi-Disciplinary Studies, Achva Academic College, Shikmim, Israel
| | - Mahdi Tarabeih
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Jaffa-Tel Aviv Academic College, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Wong LP, Alias H, Tan SL, Sia TE, Saw A. An Exploration of Death Anxiety of Family Members of Silent Mentor Body Donation Program. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2022:302228221132902. [PMID: 36217612 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221132902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study assesses the level of death anxiety among the family members of the Silent Mentor Programme (SMP) and determines whether their participation in various ceremonies during the training session impacted their death anxiety. Methods: The revised Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale (CL-FODS) was administered to the study participants before the opening ceremony and after the sending-off ceremony of the programme. Results: All the four subscales that measure fear of one's own death, fear of the process of one's own dying, fear of the death of others and fear of the process of others dying in the CL-FODS showed significant reduction after the sending-off ceremony compared with before the opening ceremony. Younger family members reported significantly higher mean total death anxiety scores compared to the older members. Conclusion: The SMP not only nurtures doctors with humanity but also helps the family members to cope with grief and loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ping Wong
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Unit of Silent Mentor Program, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haridah Alias
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Unit of Silent Mentor Program, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sik-Loo Tan
- Unit of Silent Mentor Program, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thiam Eng Sia
- Unit of Silent Mentor Program, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aik Saw
- Unit of Silent Mentor Program, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Laguilles-Villafuerte S. Death Anxiety and Interment Stress Family Interventions for Filipino Older Adults. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2022:302228221132905. [PMID: 36207142 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221132905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The overall intent of this research is to determine the preferred death anxiety and interment stress family interventions for Filipino older adults. 214 Filipino respondents (18-75 years old) participated in this conjoint analysis study. Results showed that cognitive state (23.272%) is most important and spiritual state (17.256%) as least important family intervention. Part-worth of the attributes shows medical routines and procedures (.342) as most preferred for physical state; mental health awareness (.266) for cognitive state; livelihood trainings (.051) for social state; family therapy (.022) for psychological state; and church activities (.017) for spiritual state. Spiritual state, age, and number of children have marked associations. Respondents aged 60-75 with a higher number of children in the family, cope with death anxiety and interment stress through spirituality. Significant findings of this study will greatly contribute to the knowledge base of geriatric mental health care; including caregivers and family members of older adults.
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Özer Ö, Özkan O, Büyükşirin B. Examination of Pandemic Awareness, Death Anxiety, and Spiritual Well-Being in Elderly Individuals. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2022:302228221120122. [PMID: 35968726 PMCID: PMC9379591 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221120122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationships between the variables of pandemic awareness, death anxiety, and spiritual well-being and reveal whether the participants' perceptions of pandemic awareness, death anxiety, and spiritual well-being differed according to various sociodemographic characteristics. The study population is comprised of individuals aged 65 years and over in Edirne, Turkey. The data obtained from 449 people in the study were analyzed using various statistical methods. According to the results of the regression analysis performed in the study, the increase in the participants' pandemic awareness was found to reduce their death anxiety and increase their spiritual well-being statistically. Moreover, the increase in the participants' death anxiety statistically reduced their spiritual well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Özer
- Department of Healthcare
Management, University of Health Sciences
Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Okan Özkan
- Department of Healthcare
Management, University of Health Sciences
Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bilge Büyükşirin
- Department of Healthcare
Management, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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16
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Raziani Y, Mahdavi A, Ngoc Huy DT, Mutlak DA, Le K, Laila A, Ghanei Gheshlagh R. Death Anxiety in the Iranian Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2022:302228221110965. [PMID: 35758880 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221110965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to estimate the standard score of death anxiety in the Iranian elderly. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, national and international databases were searched from inception to January 2022. All the observational studies published in Persian and English, which reported a death anxiety score based on the Templer death anxiety scale, were selected. The standard score of death anxiety in the elderly was 50% (95% CI: 45-56). No correlation was observed between the year of publication (p = .092) and sample size (p = .94) with the standard score of death anxiety in the elderly. With increased age, death anxiety scores declined. Publication bias was not significant (p = .340). Iranian seniors achieved half of the total score of death anxiety, which indicated the average level of death anxiety. Providing training to effectively manage death anxiety is essential to preventing the adverse consequences of extreme death anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Raziani
- Nursing Department, 449486Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymania, Iraq
| | - Abed Mahdavi
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, 48425University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy
- 12830Banking university HCMC Ho Chi Minh city Vietnam- International University of Japan, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Kien Le
- 486019Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Alimbekova Laila
- 203402Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Kazakhstan
| | - Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
- Spiritual Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, 125637Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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17
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Mohammadi F, Masoumi Z, Oshvandi K, Khazaei S, Bijani M. Death anxiety, moral courage, and resilience in nursing students who care for COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:150. [PMID: 35698221 PMCID: PMC9189788 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Being on the frontline of the battle against COVID-19, nurses and nursing students have been under considerable psychological stress and pressure. The present study is done to explore death anxiety, moral courage, and resilience in nursing students caring for COVID-19 patients in the south of Iran. Methods The present study is cross-sectional research conducted between September and December 2021. A total of 420 senior nursing students (nursing interns) who were undergoing their clinical training courses were invited to participate in the study by convenience sampling method from three hospitals affiliated with the University of Medical Sciences of Southern Iran. Data were collected using a demographics survey, Nurses’ Moral Courage Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Templer’s Death Anxiety Scale. Results The nursing students participating in this study had a death anxiety mean score of 12.78 ± 1.17. The results showed that there was a significant and indirect correlation between death anxiety on the one hand and moral courage (r = -0.91, p < 0.001) and resilience (r = -0.89, p < 0.001) on the other in nursing students caring for patients with COVID-19. Also, it was found that there was a significant and direct correlation between the students’ resilience and moral courage scores (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). Conclusion The nursing students caring for COVID-19 patients had experienced high levels of death anxiety in the past few months. Considering the persistence of the COVID-19 crisis in Iran and other countries, there is an urgent need for measures to preserve and improve the physical, mental, and spiritual health of nursing students, enhance their moral courage and resilience and reduce their death anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Mohammadi
- Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center and Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Department of Nursing, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Masoumi
- Department of Nursing, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Khodayar Oshvandi
- Mother and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Salman Khazaei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health , Health Sciences Research Center, Health Sciences & Technology Research Institue, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Bijani
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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18
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Nurses' Death Anxiety and Ageism towards Older Adults Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Role of Symbolic Immortality. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:geriatrics7030063. [PMID: 35735768 PMCID: PMC9222579 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected all aspects of individuals’ lives and behaviors, including the behaviors of nurses. Specifically, the pandemic has impacted the way that nurses treat older adults and has led to the spread of ageism among nurses. This study was conducted using self-report tools on 163 nurses to examine the problem of ageism amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The results suggest that critical care nurses have higher levels of death anxiety and ageism in comparison to medical/surgical nurses. After controlling for the work department, low levels of symbolic immortality were associated with high levels of ageism and death anxiety among nurses. These results might provide an insight into the development of a psychological intervention to reduce nurses’ death anxiety and ageism toward older adults.
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Coelho-Júnior HJ, Calvani R, Panza F, Allegri RF, Picca A, Marzetti E, Alves VP. Religiosity/Spirituality and Mental Health in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:877213. [PMID: 35646998 PMCID: PMC9133607 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.877213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study investigated the association between religious and spiritual (RS) practices with the prevalence, severity, and incidence of mental health problems in older adults. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that investigated older adults aged 60+ years and assessed RS using valid scales and questions from valid scales, and mental health according to validated multidimensional or specific instruments. Studies were retrieved from MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and AgeLine databases until July 31, 2021. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). A pooled effect size was calculated based on the log odds ratio (OR) and Z-scores. This study is registered on PROSPERO. Results One hundred and two studies that investigated 79.918 community-dwellers, hospitalized, and institutionalized older adults were included. Results indicated that high RS was negatively associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms, while a positive association was observed with life satisfaction, meaning in life, social relations, and psychological well-being. Specifically, people with high spirituality, intrinsic religiosity, and religious affiliation had a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms. In relation to longitudinal analysis, most studies supported that high RS levels were associated with a lower incidence of depressive symptoms and fear of death, as well as better mental health status. Conclusion Findings of the present study suggest that RS are significantly associated with mental health in older adults. People with high RS levels had a lower prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as reported greater life satisfaction and psychological well-being, better social relations, and more definite meaning in life. Data provided by an increasing number of longitudinal studies have supported most of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Rome, Italy
- Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Riccardo F. Allegri
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Neurosciences, Universidad de la Costa (CUC), Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vicente Paulo Alves
- Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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20
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Validation of the Spiritual Well-being Scale (SWBS) and its role in Predicting Hope among Iranian Elderly. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-022-09492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Cho S, Cho OH. Depression and quality of life in older adults with pneumoconiosis: The mediating role of death anxiety. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 44:215-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Li J, Xue L, Pan H. Social Support and Spiritual Well-Being of Patients With Esophageal Cancer Aged Over 50 Years: The Mediating Role of Rumination. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:805380. [PMID: 35308890 PMCID: PMC8931259 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.805380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spiritual well-being plays an important role in helping patients cope with disease. Previous studies have investigated the association between social support and spiritual well-being, whereas few studies have explored the relationship in patients with esophageal cancer (EC), and the mechanisms behind this pathway have not been thoroughly examined. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the relationship between social support and spiritual well-being of Chinese patients with EC aged over 50 years and to analyze whether the relationship was mediated by rumination. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 197 EC patients. Participants completed the general information questionnaire, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Scale, the Chinese Event Related Rumination Inventory, and the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). RESULTS Results demonstrated that social support of patients with EC aged over 50 years was positively correlated with spiritual well-being and deliberate rumination and negatively correlated with intrusive rumination; spiritual well-being was positively associated with deliberate rumination and negatively correlated with intrusive rumination. The effect of social support on spiritual well-being was partially mediated by deliberate rumination and intrusive rumination. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that interventions directed toward enhancing social support and deliberate rumination and reducing the level of intrusive rumination may help patients with EC aged over 50 years improve spiritual well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingran Li
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hailong Pan
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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23
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Moroni CM, Olmedo Espinosa LA, Manzano González M, Korniejczuk VA, Guerrero Jiménez DA, Quiyono Escobar E, Valderrama Rincón A. Spiritual health, family functioning and symptoms of depression and anxiety among adults from a sample of northeastern Mexico. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2021.1980259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Esteban Quiyono Escobar
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Spiritual Health, University of Montemorelos, Mexico
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24
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Kadiroğlu T, Güdücü Tüfekci F, Kara A. Determining the Religious Coping Styles of Adolescents in Turkey During COVID-19. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:3406-3417. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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25
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Gabay G, Tarabeih M. Underground COVID-19 Home Hospitals for Haredim: Non-Compliance or a Culturally Adapted Alternative to Public Hospitalization? JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:3434-3453. [PMID: 34476658 PMCID: PMC8412871 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This thematic study analyzed the experiences of Jewish Haredi (Lithuanian) patients in underground home hospitals during the second wave of COVID-19 in Israel. This minority comprises 12.6% of the Israeli population. Participants were 30 members of this hidden population, ages 59-78. Haredi complied with community directives rather than with the national directive of hospitalizing COVID-19 patient only at public hospitals. Compliance with community directives was driven by a distrust in health authorities and clinicians at public hospitals; by the preference of patient-centered care, a desired approach of care that public hospitals fail to implement; by the need to sustain beliefs, values, and traditions; by community leadership; and by the need to conserve political power. While health authorities view underground home hospitals as demonstrating non-compliance with the national directive, Haredi leaders view underground home hospitals as demonstrating a self-sufficient, patient-centered care alternative to public hospitalizations. Considering the benefits of patient-centered care and the growth of the multi-cultural global landscape, we call upon health authorities to explore the accommodation of patient-centered care for COVID-19 patients and the designing of an adaptive multi-cultural policy that address multi-cultural aspects of religious minorities as key to health promotion. We propose ways to implement multi-cultural policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillie Gabay
- School of Multi-Disciplinary Studies, Achva Academic College, 7980400 Arugot, Israel
| | - Mahdi Tarabeih
- Faculty of Nursing, Tel-Aviv-Jaffa Academic College, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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26
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Kadiroğlu T, Güdücü Tüfekci F, Kara A. Determining the Religious Coping Styles of Adolescents in Turkey During COVID-19. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:3406-3417. [PMID: 34482499 PMCID: PMC8418683 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We sought to evaluate the religious coping styles of adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its restrictions. The study was conducted online during the 2020 academic year among students in three randomly selected high schools in a city center located in Eastern Turkey. The students studying in the chosen high schools who agreed to participate were included in the study (n = 514). We found that most adolescents were anxious, had been affected in terms of health and life satisfaction, and felt sad due to isolation. Almost all subjects attached importance to their religious beliefs. The adolescents' mean Religious Coping Scale score was 2.23 ± 0.50, their mean Positive Religious Coping subscale score was 2.91 ± 0.73, and their mean Negative Religious Coping subscale score was 1.54 ± 0.52. Specifically, male adolescents of ages 15-17 whose incomes were less than their expenditures and who lived in a broken family had the highest level of negative religious coping. In light of these findings, adolescents can be supported by teaching them to develop positive religious coping styles during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Türkan Kadiroğlu
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25000 Turkey
| | - Fatma Güdücü Tüfekci
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25000 Turkey
| | - Ayfer Kara
- Sutcu Imam University Health Science Faculty, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
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27
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Boxer A, Gill PR. Predicting Anxiety from the Complex Interaction Between Masculinity and Spiritual Beliefs. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:15579883211049021. [PMID: 34587766 PMCID: PMC8489773 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211049021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that adherence to traditional and hegemonic masculinities can be detrimental to men’s mental health. In particular, anxiety can result from the incongruence between idealised and lived experiences. Emerging research suggests that holding spiritual beliefs may protect against such anxiety. This Australian study investigated whether two aspects of spiritualism (Spiritual Openness and Spiritual Support) could moderate the relationship between four stereotypical masculine behaviours (Success Dedication, Restrictive Emotionality, Inhibited Affection and Exaggerated Self-Reliance and Control) and anxiety. A cross-sectional, correlational design, with a heterogeneous, Western community sample included 331 male participants aged 18–67 (M = 24.57, SD = 10.37). In partial support of the hypotheses, two significant moderation models were found. Both Spiritual Support and Spiritual Openness moderated the relationship between Exaggerated Self-Reliance and Control and anxiety. There were no significant moderations for Success Dedication, Restrictive Emotionality, and Inhibited Affection. Masculinity and spiritualism did not have significant direct effects on anxiety. These findings suggest that when working with men and their mental health, it may be important to consider the congruence between their behaviors and belief systems, as spirituality was only protective against anxiety where these beliefs were congruent with masculine self-reliance and control. It appears that the potential benefit of spirituality in reducing masculine anxiety is dependent on the man being more open to external supports, and having a lower need for control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Boxer
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Richard Gill
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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28
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Rezaeipandari H, Morowatisharifabad MA, Mohammadpoorasl A, Shaghaghi A. Psychometric Rigor of the Brief Religious Coping Measure (RCOPE) in Persian-Speaking Older Adults. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:3484-3499. [PMID: 33755818 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Religious coping to deal with negative life events has gained considerable attention in recent years. This study was conducted to investigate psychometric properties of the Persian version of Brief RCOPE measure (RCOPE-P). The RCOPE-P was devised using a standard translation/back-translation procedure and its internal consistency and test-retest reliability were estimated using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients. The instrument's factor structure was appraised in a sample population of 400 older adults with chronic diseases. Positive and negative subscales of the RCOPE-P indicated acceptable internal consistency (0.74, 0.80) and test-retest reliability (0.89, 0.91). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed fitness of the original 2-factor model (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.046, CFI = 0.967, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.953, and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.052) to the data obtained from the study. The findings endorsed applicability of the RCOPE-P for the Persian-speaking older adults but its adaptability in other Persian-speaking population subgroups must be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rezaeipandari
- Faculty of Health, Health Education & Promotion Department, Elderly Health Section, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Morowatisharifabad
- Department of Aging Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Elderly Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Asghar Mohammadpoorasl
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Shaghaghi
- Faculty of Health, Health Education & Promotion Department, Elderly Health Section, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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29
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Martínez-Heredia N, Soriano Díaz A, Amaro Agudo A, González-Gijón G. Health Education as a Means of Addressing Death in the Elderly. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6652. [PMID: 34205630 PMCID: PMC8296413 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Education for death is an emerging field of study in which health education research and proposals are increasingly being made with the aim of acquiring knowledge and skills to promote positive attitudes towards health and preparation for the end of life. The aim of this study is to find out what experience older people have had with death education and the importance they give to health education. A qualitative methodological design was selected using a semi-structured interview. The survey consisted of interviews with 28 participants from the city of Granada (Spain) aged 61 to 78. This qualitative-descriptive study is based on an analysis of older people's experience of education and preparation for death throughout their lives. The results show that, in most cases, the only information received was in childhood and always from a religious perspective. Death and health are closely related, so working on death education helps to improve the quality of life of elderly people. Health education offers ways of coping with the end of life through the transmission of values and practices that make it possible to anticipate and resolve situations of instability or anxiety. Facing death naturally and as just another part of life will help to make healthy ageing possible, through educational proposals related to the integral health of elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazaret Martínez-Heredia
- Department of Pedagogy, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (A.S.D.); (A.A.A.); (G.G.-G.)
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30
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Aloustani S, Hajibeglo A, Yazarlo M, Gharrehtapeh SR. The Effect of Religion Therapy on the Elderly Cognitive Status. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:2066-2076. [PMID: 31485880 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The elderly is passing from a stage to another new stage of life, with cognitive changes and a reduction in the physiological functions of this age. With increasing age, spiritual needs and attitudes increase. So, this study was conducted aimed to investigate the effect of group spiritual therapy on the cognitive state of the elderly. This experimental study was conducted in two experimental and control groups on 50 elderly people in Golestan Province in 2012, by simple random sampling. Data collection tool was Mini-Mental State Examination. In the experimental group, eight group therapy sessions were performed for 45-60 min a week twice. The data were analyzed by software SPSS-16 using descriptive statistics (mean score and SD) and inferential statistics (paired t test, independent t test and covariance test). Independent t test before the intervention in both groups showed no significant difference (P = 0.52). But this test showed a significant difference after the intervention (P < 0.01). Also, ANCOVA test showed a significant difference in both groups (η = 0.26) (P < 0/01) . Regarding the effect of group spiritual therapy on the cognitive state of the elderly, it can be used as a complementary, low cost and effective method for improving the cognitive state of the elderly. For this reason, it is recommended because spiritual therapy creates the concept and meaning of life and increases the life expectancy and quality of life in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Aloustani
- Department of Nursing, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran.
| | - Azam Hajibeglo
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahla Yazarlo
- Department of Nursing, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Labrague LJ. Psychological resilience, coping behaviours and social support among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of quantitative studies. J Nurs Manag 2021; 29:1893-1905. [PMID: 33843087 PMCID: PMC8250179 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim To appraise and synthesize studies examining resilience, coping behaviours and social support among health care workers during the coronavirus pandemic. Background A wide range of evidence has shown that health care workers, currently on the frontlines in the fight against COVID‐19, are not spared from the psychological and mental health‐related consequences of the pandemic. Studies synthesizing the role of coping behaviours, resilience and social support in safeguarding the mental health of health care workers during the pandemic are largely unknown. Evaluation This is a systematic review with a narrative synthesis. A total of 31 articles were included in the review. Key Issues Health care workers utilized both problem‐centred and emotion‐centred coping to manage the stress associated with the coronavirus pandemic. Coping behaviours, resilience and social support were associated with positive mental and psychological health outcomes. Conclusion Substantial evidence supports the effectiveness of coping behaviours, resilience and social support to preserve psychological and mental health among health care workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Implications for Nursing Management In order to safeguard the mental health of health care workers during the pandemic, hospital and nursing administrators should implement proactive measures to sustain resilience in HCWs, build coping skills and implement creative ways to foster social support in health care workers through theory‐based interventions, supportive leadership and fostering a resilient work environment.
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Rababa M, Hayajneh AA, Bani-Iss W. Association of Death Anxiety with Spiritual Well-Being and Religious Coping in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:50-63. [PMID: 33284402 PMCID: PMC7719733 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This descriptive study aimed to examine the association of death anxiety with religious coping and spiritual well-being among 248 community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The brief Arab religious coping scale, the Arabic version of the spiritual well-being Scale, and the Arabic Scale of death anxiety were used to measure religious coping, spiritual well-being, and death anxiety, respectively. The majority of the participating older adults were found to have low levels of religious coping and spiritual well-being and high levels of death anxiety. Further, in comparison to male older adults, female older adults were found to have higher levels of religious coping and lower levels of death anxiety. Moreover, in comparison to widowed older adults, married older adults were found to have higher levels of death anxiety. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, religious coping, and spiritual well-being were found to be significant predictors of death anxiety in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rababa
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, P.O. Box 3030, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Audai A Hayajneh
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, P.O. Box 3030, 22110, Jordan
| | - Wegdan Bani-Iss
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences/Health Promotion Research Group, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Spiritual Well-being at Workplace and Its Relationship with Organizational Commitment and Turnover among Textile Industry Employees in Qom, Iran. ARCHIVES OF HYGIENE SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/archhygsci.10.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Khalighi E, Ghiasi G, Karimi E, Borji M, Salimi E, Tarjoman A, Solaimanizadeh L. Assessment of Mental Health Elderly with Chronic Pain Based on Quranic Components. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2020; 59:2807-2818. [PMID: 31493215 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Considering the presence of mental disorders during illness or old age, it is necessary to pay attention to the mental health of the elderly. A modeling of the God's attributes means that one understands God's perception of his/her existential poverty; and on the other hand, one endeavors to work in the human domain in order to replicate and utilize the names and attributes of God the Almighty. For this reason, this study aims to determine the mental health (MH) assessment of elderly people with chronic pain (CP) based on Quranic components. The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 138 elderly people who are aged over 65 years and had history of CP were enrolled. Data were collected using Islamic Questionnaire of Identifying God's Traits in the same, and analysis was performed using SPSS ver. 16. The mean (SD) of age in elderly is 81.00 (12.07), and as the age increased, the God's Traits score of the elderly increased (p = 0.003, R = 0.34). The mean overall God's Traits score was 234.68 (3.61). In the elderly who lived with their spouse and had higher social support, the score of God's Traits was higher (p > 0.05), but there was no relationship between other demographic characteristics and status of God's Traits (p > 0.05). This study is the first study to evaluate the MH status of chronic patients based on Quranic components, and their MH status has been high. It is suggested that the relationship between MH based on Quranic components and variables related to health be measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Khalighi
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medicine Faculty, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ghiasi
- Islamic Education School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ehsan Karimi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Milad Borji
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ebrahim Salimi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Asma Tarjoman
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Laleh Solaimanizadeh
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Bam University of Medical Science, Bam, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Duran S, Avci D, Esim F. Association Between Spiritual Well-Being and Resilience Among Turkish Hemodialysis Patients. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2020; 59:3097-3109. [PMID: 32076996 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the association between spiritual well-being and resilience among Turkish hemodialysis patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 134 hemodialysis patients treated at two state hospitals' hemodialysis units between February 2019 and July 2019. The data were collected with a Personal Information Form, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale and the Resilience Scale for Adults with the face-to-face interview technique. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, t tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and multivariate linear regression analysis were used. The patients' spiritual well-being levels were high, while their psychological resilience levels were medium. There was a moderate positive correlation between spiritual well-being and resilience (p < 0.01). Education level, economic level, duration of disease and spiritual well-being were determined to be statistically significant predictive factors of the patients' resilience (p < 0.001). In this context, nurses may provide psychosocial and spiritual care, education and counseling services that will increase patient's resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songul Duran
- Care of Elderly Program, Health Services Vocational College, Izmir Demokrasi University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Avci
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Funda Esim
- Health Practice and Research Hospital, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
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Hekmati Pour N, Mahmoodi-Shan GR, Ebadi A, Behnampour N. Spiritual self-care in adolescents: a qualitative study. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 34:49-57. [PMID: 32083447 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One of the existential questions during adolescence is about the ambiguity in spiritual realms. Adolescents at this age not only have the spiritual, psychological, and unique needs, but also have spiritual needs that help them to relax and solve problems. Therefore, this qualitative study aimed to understand the concept of spiritual self-care in Iranian adolescents in 2019. METHODS This qualitative study with content analysis approach was conducted on 14 adolescents with the age range of 14-20 years, who had been selected by purposeful sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews which were carried out between 4 March 2019 and 20 August 2019. RESULTS The interviews were transcribed immediately after the recording, and then were analyzed using direct content analysis. A total of 252 primary codes related to the adolescents' spiritual self-care were extracted from the analysis, which determined 4 main aspects of spiritual self-care (spiritual belief, spiritual experience, social-religious activities, and spiritual growth). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study showed that, spiritual self-care is a form of self-care by which a person uses his or her spiritual beliefs, teachings, and experiences as a source of control over stress and crises, and will be able to cope with problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Hekmati Pour
- Nursing Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Mahmoodi-Shan
- Nursing Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
- and Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nasser Behnampour
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Health, Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Yolme ABS, Hojjati H, Akhoundzadeh G. The effect of Islamic semanticism on self-reporting and lifestyles of mothers of adolescents with thalassemia. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 34:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2019-0192/ijamh-2019-0192.xml. [PMID: 32031975 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thalassemia is the most common chronic hereditary disease in the world. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of logotherapy on the level of resilience of mothers of children with thalassemia major. METHODS The statistical population of this study included all mothers with children with thalassemia major in Gonbad-e-Qabus. After selecting eligible samples, each sample was given a number and the number was put into a non-transparent envelope. The samples were assured that numbering and placement in one of two groups were completely random and 60 mothers were selected using available sampling. The research tool used was the Kollahen Brief Self-reporting Questionnaire. For the experimental group, eight sessions of 90 min of logotherapy training were performed. For both groups, pre-test and post-test were performed. The confidentiality of the data of the research samples was assured. Data were gathered. Finally, the information was analyzed using SPSS software version 16. RESULTS The results showed that the mean of the resilience of the experimental group was 28/16 ± 8/63 in the pre-test to was 24/76 ± 6/4 in the post-test. The result of paired t-test analysis showed that after eliminating the effect of the pre-test, the mean scores of the post-test of the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0/01, t = 18/4). CONCLUSION This study shows that logotherapy for mothers with children with thalassemia is useful and it is effective in increasing the resilience of mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Hojjati
- Department of Nursing, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
| | - Golbahar Akhoundzadeh
- Department of Nursing, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
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