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Castro LDC, Viana VAO, Rufino AC, Madeiro AP. Prevalence of sexual initiation and associated factors in school adolescents in Piauí, Brazil, 2015. EPIDEMIOLOGIA E SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE 2023; 32:e2022612. [PMID: 36790314 PMCID: PMC9926879 DOI: 10.1590/s2237-96222023000100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze prevalence of sexual initiation and associated factors in adolescents in Piauí. METHODS this was a cross-sectional study, with secondary data from the 2015 National Adolescent School-based Health Survey. Hierarchical analysis was performed using robust Poisson regression. RESULTS a total of 3.872 adolescents were interviewed. Prevalence of sexual initiation was 24.2%; risk factors for sexual initiation were being male [prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.18; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.90;2.47], being 15 years old or over (PR = 2.49; 95%CI 2.18;2.76), living with mother (PR = 0.68; 95%CI 0.54;0.82), working (PR = 1.82; 95%CI 1.55;2.10), attending a public school (PR = 1.39; 95%CI 1.09;1.75), practicing bullying (PR = 1.50; 95%CI 1.31;1.72), using alcohol (PR = 2.35; 95%CI 2.09;2.64), using cigarettes (PR = 1.46; 95%CI 1.22;1.70) and using illicit drugs (PR = 1.40; 95%CI 1.15;1.66). CONCLUSION prevalence of sexual initiation was high and associated with sociodemographic characteristics and vulnerable health behaviors, indicating the need for health promotion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucélia da Cunha Castro
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Comunidade, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Vera Alice Oliveira Viana
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Comunidade, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto Pereira Madeiro
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Comunidade, Teresina, PI, Brazil
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Vasilenko SA. Sexual Behavior and Health From Adolescence to Adulthood: Illustrative Examples of 25 Years of Research From Add Health. J Adolesc Health 2022; 71:S24-S31. [PMID: 36404016 PMCID: PMC9890380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to its long-term longitudinal design, the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) has provided numerous valuable insights into adolescent and young adult sexual behavior. Framed by a conceptual model of sexual behavior and health, I review research using Add Health data to study sexual behavior and health. In this paper, I review research examining both predictors (e.g., neighborhood, family, genetic, individual) and health outcomes (e.g., sexually transmitted infections, mental health) of sexual behavior in adolescents and young adults. Where possible, I focus on long-term longitudinal studies that make use of the unique strengths of the Add Health data. Existing Add Health research has provided considerable information about both the predictors and health consequences of adolescent and young adult sexual behavior. Factors ranging from neighborhoods to genetics predict whether adolescent and young adults engage in sexual behaviors. Findings on long-term outcomes of adolescent sexual behavior suggest that early sexual behavior predicts higher rates of sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy in young adulthood, but not long-term changes to mental health. Unique contributions of Add Health include the ability to examine multidimensional bio-ecological predictors of sexual behavior and to examine long-term effects of sexual behavior and how sexual behaviors and their correlates change across adolescence into adulthood. Future work can leverage these strengths, and in particular the long-term longitudinal nature of the data, to uncover new insights about the developmental course of sexual behavior and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Vasilenko
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York.
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Li W, Wang Y, Xu M, Liao Y, Zhou H, Ma H, Geng Q. Temporal Trends and Differences in Sexuality among Depressed and Non-Depressed Adults in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14010. [PMID: 36360889 PMCID: PMC9654390 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine temporal trends and differences in sexuality between depressed and non-depressed adults aged 18-59 in the United States from 2005 to 2016. A total of 21,437 people (5432 with depression) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. From 2005-2008 to 2013-2016, the average age at first sexual intercourse decreased, while the proportion of normal frequency of sexual activity and heterosexual sexual orientation increased among all the participants. Some differences in sexuality were found between the depressed and non-depressed groups. The average age at first sexual intercourse (p < 0.001), the proportion of normal frequency of sexual activity (p < 0.001), and heterosexual sexual orientation (p < 0.001) were lower in depressed participants, and the differences did not change over time (pfor trend = 0.926 of average age at first sexual intercourse, pfor trend = 0.823 of normal frequency of sexual activity, pfor trend = 0.926 of heterosexual sexual orientation). Moreover, these differences were associated with marital status (pfor interaction < 0.001 by average age at first sexual intercourse), employment status (pfor interaction < 0.001 by average age at first sexual intercourse), education status (pfor interaction = 0.023 by heterosexual sexual orientation) and family income status (pfor interaction = 0.013 by average age at first sexual intercourse and pfor interaction = 0.017 by normal frequency of sexual activity). In conclusion, the study found that the age at first sexual intercourse decreased and the frequency of sexual intercourse increased in all the participants, and differences in sexuality between depressed and non-depressed participants were present; however, these differences had no further increase or decrease during the 12-year period. These differences were associated with marital status, employment status, education status, and family income status. These findings show differences in sexuality between depressed and non-depressed patients but are somewhat different from previous studies; the results may provide directions for future research and social work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiya Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Mingyu Xu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yingxue Liao
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Haofeng Zhou
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Qingshan Geng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510317, China
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Cabral P, Wallander JL, Elliott MN, Schuster MA. Longitudinal associations of parent-child communication, dating behaviors, decision-making processes, and sex initiation among United States Latina/o adolescents. Front Psychol 2022; 13:897311. [PMID: 36033077 PMCID: PMC9413066 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.897311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined differences and identified developmental predictors of oral, vaginal, and anal intercourse initiation across generational status among Latina/o adolescents of both genders. More specifically, we compare generational status and gender differences in the longitudinal predictions from parent-child sex communication and dating behaviors to sex initiation 5 years later, and how these associations may be mediated by perceived peer norms, intentions, and attitudes regarding sex among Latina/o adolescents. Methods Using prospective longitudinal data from the Healthy Passages™ project collected in Houston and Los Angeles, Latina/o girls (n = 879) and boys (n = 885) who were identified as 1st- (18%), 2nd- (58%), or 3rd (24%)-immigrant generational status reported on their dating behaviors and parent-child communication about sex at 5th grade (M age = 11.12 years), their perceived peer norms and attitudes regarding sex at 7th grade (M age = 13.11 years), and if they had initiated oral, vaginal, or anal sexual intercourse by 10th grade (M age = 16.06 years). Results Third-generation Latina girls were more likely than 1st- and 2nd-generation Latinas to have initiated sexual intercourse by 10th grade. More advanced dating behaviors in 5th grade had a positive association with sex initiation for all generational status groups among Latino boys, but only among 1st-generation Latina girls. Moreover, mediating decision-making processes of peer norms and attitudes differed for each group. Conclusion Pre-adolescent dating behaviors are associated with long-term differences in adolescents' sexual behaviors, which may point to targets for prevention efforts. Acculturation differences may contribute to different ways in which adolescents decide to engage in sexual intercourse based on the previous dating experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cabral
- Department of Psychology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jan L. Wallander
- Psychological Sciences and Health Sciences Research Center, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | | | - Mark A. Schuster
- Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, United States
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Dunn HK, Pearlman DN, Montgomery MC, Orchowski LM. Predictors of Sexual Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Men: A Prospective Analysis. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP11161-NP11179. [PMID: 33538217 DOI: 10.1177/0886260521989735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Research demonstrates that both peer socialization and underage drinking play a significant role in teen dating violence. However, less is known about the lasting effects of these risk factors on boys' ability to form healthy romantic relationships as they get older. The present study examined whether boys who perceived their peers would respect them more for having sex and those who engaged in past year heavy alcohol use would be more likely to perpetrate sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) in young adulthood compared to boys who did not endorse perceived peer approval for sex or report past year heavy drinking. Analyses were conducted using a sample of boys (n = 1,189) from Waves I and III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). A logistic regression was conducted to assess the relationship between perceived peer approval to have sex and heavy alcohol use at Wave I and sexual IPV at Wave III, after adjusting for demographic factors and other correlates of sexual IPV at Wave I, including age, race/ethnicity, sexual initiation in adolescence, parental attachment, annual family income, and neighborhood poverty. Boys who believed they would gain peer respect by having sex and boys who reported getting drunk in the last 12 months, regardless of how often, were significantly more likely to report sexual IPV in young adulthood compared to boys who did not endorse either of these factors. Targeting boys' perceived peer norms regarding sexual activity and heavy alcohol use may therefore be especially important for preventing sexual IPV later in life.
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Lubis R, Hinduan ZR, Jatnika R, Baydhowi B, Agustiani H. The Development and Initial Validation of the Youth Sexual Intention Scale: Indonesian Version. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221087833. [PMID: 35428420 PMCID: PMC9016520 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221087833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interventions for the early sexual problem in adolescents require proper
measurement of sexual intentions. The adolescent sexual intention scales have
been widely used by researchers in the West. However, those scales are not very
suitable for adolescents in eastern cultures such as Indonesia. As a religious
society, Indonesian people have different sexual expectations from liberal
western society. Religious teachings and societal norms shape sexual beliefs
that reflect semi-restrictive sexual socialization. Thus, sexual intention
measurement that represents the sexual beliefs of the subject under study
becomes important. Therefore, this two-steps study aims to develop and validate
the Youth Sexual Intention Scale (YSIS). In the first step, qualitative
elaboration resulted in 27 themes of adolescent sexual beliefs, which turned
into 31 items according to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). In the second
step, we selected 396 students using the cluster random sampling technique. We
investigated 2 methods of validity, content validity using CVI and construct
validity using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The content validity
examination proved that all scale items had high validity (CVI = .93).
Meanwhile, the CFA showed that the data was fit for the model (Chi-square
819,420, P <.001, RMSEA = .056, CFI = .978, TLI = .972). The CFA groups items
into 4 dimensions, namely, sexual attitudes, subjective norms, perceived
behavioral control, and sexual intentions. The reliability test shows an Alpha
coefficient of .854. We conclude that 26-items YSIS is a valid and reliable
instrument to measure belief-based youth sexual intentions (15–18 years) in
religious culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmi Lubis
- Psychology Faculty, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
- Psychology Faculty, University of Medan Area, Medan, Indonesia
| | | | - Ratna Jatnika
- Psychology Faculty, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
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Abstract
This study examines family context and sexual debut among young people in China. Using data from the 2018 Panel Study of Chinese University Students (PSCUS), it explores how the family is correlated with sexual debut among young people in China aged 18-24 years. The Kaplan-Meier method was adopted to detect a survival function for different family factors and related demographic variables. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was adopted to calculate hazard ratios for the timing of sexual debut. The average age of sexual debut among the college students was 18.39 years. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that sexual intercourse initiation was earlier for female students who had no siblings, and those who had a mother with senior high school (including technical school) education or higher family income, but this correlation was insignificant among male students. The multivariate hazard regression analysis revealed that living in a family with a higher level of fathers' education, having a lower level of family income and having siblings had positive correlations with later sexual debut among the college students. Moreover, family factors showed gender differences in their associations with the timing of sexual debut, typically parent's education level, family income and left-behind experience. This study provides a comprehensive perspective on the role of family influences in timing of sexual debut among youth in China.
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Currie C, Morgan A. A bio-ecological framing of evidence on the determinants of adolescent mental health - A scoping review of the international Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study 1983-2020. SSM Popul Health 2020; 12:100697. [PMID: 33335971 PMCID: PMC7732871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper extracts, organises and summarises findings on adolescent mental health from a major international population study of young people using a scoping review methodology and applying a bio-ecological framework. Population data has been collected from more than 1.5 million adolescents over 37 years by the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children: WHO Cross-National (HBSC) Study. The paper reviews the contribution that this long standing study has made to our understanding of the individual, developmental, social, economic, cultural determinants of adolescent mental health by organising the findings of 104 empirical papers that met inclusion criteria, into individual, microsystem, mesosystem and macrosystem levels of the framework. Of these selected papers, 68 were based on national data and the other 36 were based on international data, from varying numbers of countries. Each paper was allocated to a system level in the bio-ecological framework according to the level of its primary focus. The majority (51 papers) investigate individual level determinants. A further 28 concentrate primarily on the microsystem level, 6 on the mesosystem level, and 29 on the macrosystem level. The paper identifies where there is evidence on the determinants of mental health, summarises what we have learned, and highlights research gaps. Implications for the future development of this population health study are discussed in terms of how it may continue to illuminate our understanding of adolescent mental health in a changing world and where new directions are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace Currie
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK
| | - Antony Morgan
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK
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Anderson EJ, Chebet JJ, Asaolu IO, Bell ML, Ehiri J. Influence of Women's Empowerment on Place of Delivery in North Eastern and Western Kenya: A Cross-sectional Analysis of the Kenya Demographic Health Survey. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2020; 10:65-73. [PMID: 32175712 PMCID: PMC7310812 DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.200113.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Labor and delivery under the supervision of a skilled birth attendant have been shown to promote positive maternal and neonatal outcomes; yet, more than a third of births in Kenya occur outside a health facility. We investigated the association between measures of women’s empowerment and health facility-based delivery in Northeastern and Western Kenya. Methods: Analysis of 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey data was conducted. Logistic regression adjusting for demographic factors, contraceptive use, and comprehensive HIV knowledge was used to assess the influence of the validated African Women’s Empowerment Index-East (AWEI-E) on the likelihood of women’s most recent birth having occurred in a health facility versus at home. Additionally, we explored the mediating effect of contraceptive use on women’s empowerment and health facility-based delivery. Results: Compared to respondents with low or moderate empowerment scores, those with high empowerment scores were more likely to have given birth at a health facility [odds ratio (OR) = 1.81; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.30, 2.51], although this effect was null in the adjusted model (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.58, 1.45). Respondents with a recent facility birth (n = 372/836) were more likely to have high household-level wealth (40.9% vs 8.6%, p < 0.001) and use a contraceptive method (44.9% vs 27.4%, p < 0.001) than those without facility-based delivery. Current contraceptive use mediated 26.8% of the effect of empowerment on the odds of facility-based delivery. Conclusion: Women’s empowerment, and its comprising three domains as measured by the AWEI-E, may be insufficient to overcome barriers to facility-based delivery for women in North Eastern or Western Kenya. High women’s empowerment is strongly associated with current contraceptive use, which may inform pregnancy planning and location of delivery. Alternatively, higher empowered women who delivered at a facility may have been offered contraceptives at the time of delivery. Future research targeting these regions should explore culturally acceptable approaches to broadening access to skilled supervision of labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Anderson
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joy J Chebet
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ibitola O Asaolu
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Melanie L Bell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - John Ehiri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Bell
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.,Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Samantha Garbers
- Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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Rouche M, Castetbon K, Dujeu M, Méroc E, Lebacq T, Pedroni C, Senterre C, Godin I, Moreau N. Feelings about the timing of first sexual intercourse and health-related quality of life among adolescents. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:408. [PMID: 30987628 PMCID: PMC6466645 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early sexual intercourse (SI) may have long-lasting negative impacts on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). So far, these impacts have been studied using age for defining early SI instead of feelings about its timing. The present study examined the association between feelings about the timing of first SI and current HRQoL. METHODS Data came from the 2014 cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in French-speaking Belgium. Among participants aged 16-20 years who already had SI, 1778 were included in analyses. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed, including potential confounders. RESULTS One quarter of adolescents (26.4%) had poor HRQoL, 19.8% expressed a negative feeling about the timing of first SI and 19.6% did not think about it. Compared with adolescents who thought first SI happened at the right time or wished it had happened sooner, adolescents who had a negative feeling about the timing and those who did not think about it were more likely to have a poor HRQoL (cOR = 1.67 (1.28-2.17) and cOR = 1.37 (1.05-1.80), respectively). After adjustment, associations were no more significant (aOR = 1.22 (0.91-1.63) and aOR = 1.22 (0.91-1.64)). Sex disparity in expressing a negative feeling mostly explained the difference between crude and adjusted analyses. CONCLUSION Further research is needed to better understand such a complex relationship. The high proportion of adolescents having poor HRQoL and negative feeling about the timing of first SI shows how important it is to find out effective prevention for both domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Rouche
- Service d’Information Promotion Education Santé (SIPES), School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP598, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Centre in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katia Castetbon
- Service d’Information Promotion Education Santé (SIPES), School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP598, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Centre in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maud Dujeu
- Service d’Information Promotion Education Santé (SIPES), School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP598, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Centre in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Research Centre in Social Approaches to Health, School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Estelle Méroc
- Service d’Information Promotion Education Santé (SIPES), School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP598, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Centre in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thérésa Lebacq
- Service d’Information Promotion Education Santé (SIPES), School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP598, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Centre in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille Pedroni
- Service d’Information Promotion Education Santé (SIPES), School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP598, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Centre in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christelle Senterre
- Research Centre in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Godin
- Research Centre in Social Approaches to Health, School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Moreau
- Service d’Information Promotion Education Santé (SIPES), School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP598, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Centre in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Ihongbe TO, Masho SW. Child Sexual Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization in Adulthood: Sex-Differences in the Mediating Influence of Age of Sexual Initiation. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2018; 27:53-69. [PMID: 28972456 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2017.1361496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Child sexual abuse is a major public health concern in the United States with devastating sequelae. Although the relationship between child sexual abuse and intimate partner violence victimization in adulthood is known, little is known about the mediating influence of the age of sexual initiation on the association, or whether sex differences exist. Using data from waves I, III, and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 1,163), we aimed to examine the mediating influence of age of sexual initiation on the association between child sexual abuse and intimate partner violence victimization in adulthood and identify sex differences. Findings reveal that in female survivors, age of sexual initiation partially mediated the association between child sexual abuse and physical intimate partner violence victimization in adulthood. In male survivors, no mediational effect was observed. Public health practitioners should be aware of sex differences in the effect of early sexual initiation on intimate partner violence victimization in adulthood among child sexual abuse survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy O Ihongbe
- a Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, School of Medicine , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA
| | - Saba W Masho
- a Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, School of Medicine , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA
- c Institute for Women's Health , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA
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Santelli JS, Kantor LM, Grilo SA, Speizer IS, Lindberg LD, Heitel J, Schalet AT, Lyon ME, Mason-Jones AJ, McGovern T, Heck CJ, Rogers J, Ott MA. Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage: An Updated Review of U.S. Policies and Programs and Their Impact. J Adolesc Health 2017; 61:273-280. [PMID: 28842065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is marked by the emergence of human sexuality, sexual identity, and the initiation of intimate relations; within this context, abstinence from sexual intercourse can be a healthy choice. However, programs that promote abstinence-only-until-marriage (AOUM) or sexual risk avoidance are scientifically and ethically problematic and-as such-have been widely rejected by medical and public health professionals. Although abstinence is theoretically effective, in actual practice, intentions to abstain from sexual activity often fail. Given a rising age at first marriage around the world, a rapidly declining percentage of young people remain abstinent until marriage. Promotion of AOUM policies by the U.S. government has undermined sexuality education in the United States and in U.S. foreign aid programs; funding for AOUM continues in the United States. The weight of scientific evidence finds that AOUM programs are not effective in delaying initiation of sexual intercourse or changing other sexual risk behaviors. AOUM programs, as defined by U.S. federal funding requirements, inherently withhold information about human sexuality and may provide medically inaccurate and stigmatizing information. Thus, AOUM programs threaten fundamental human rights to health, information, and life. Young people need access to accurate and comprehensive sexual health information to protect their health and lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Santelli
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.
| | - Leslie M Kantor
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; Planned Parenthood Federation of America, New York, New York
| | - Stephanie A Grilo
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ilene S Speizer
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Jennifer Heitel
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Amy T Schalet
- Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Maureen E Lyon
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | - Terry McGovern
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Craig J Heck
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Mary A Ott
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Holway GV, Tillman KH. Timing of Sexual Initiation and Relationship Satisfaction in Young Adult Marital and Cohabiting Unions. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2017; 38:1675-1700. [PMID: 29056806 PMCID: PMC5646281 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x15613826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this research examines the association between timing of oral sex initiation and marital and cohabiting relationship satisfaction among young adults. Findings indicate that women who transition to oral sex "late" or who have no oral sex experience report higher levels of relationship satisfaction in their current coresidential unions than do women who transition at a "normative" age. Higher levels of relationship satisfaction among women who transition "late," however, appear to be explained by their lower likelihood of experiencing forced sexual relations and sexually transmitted infections. We find no evidence of any association between timing of oral sex initiation and relationship satisfaction among men. To best promote healthy relationships, researchers, practitioners, and educators need to better understand the various types of sexual activities in which young people engage.
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Wesche R, Lefkowitz ES, Vasilenko SA. Latent classes of sexual behaviors: Prevalence, predictors, and consequences. SEXUALITY RESEARCH & SOCIAL POLICY : JOURNAL OF NSRC : SR & SP 2017; 14:100-111. [PMID: 28163800 PMCID: PMC5283802 DOI: 10.1007/s13178-016-0228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Scholars of adolescent and emerging adult sexuality have recently begun to study how diverse patterns of sexual behaviors contribute to development and well-being. A person-oriented approach to studying sexual behaviors provides a nuanced understanding of sexual repertoires. The goals of this paper were to document patterns of sexual behaviors ranging from kissing to penetrative sex, and to examine how latent classes of behaviors, gender, and partner type (romantic vs. nonromantic) predict intra- and interpersonal consequences of sexual behaviors. Latent class analysis of a stratified random sample of U.S. college students revealed four classes of sexual behaviors: Kissing Only, Kissing and Touching, All Behaviors, and Oral and Penetrative Only. Compared to individuals in the All Behaviors class, individuals in the Kissing Only class were less likely to experience a positive or a negative intrapersonal consequence of sexual behaviors. Men were less likely to report a negative intrapersonal consequence than women were. Partner type predicted negative interpersonal consequences for the All Behaviors class. Implications are discussed in terms of normative sexual development, prevention, and sexual and relationship education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Wesche
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA
| | - Eva S. Lefkowitz
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA
| | - Sara A. Vasilenko
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University State College, PA
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Vasilenko SA. Age-varying associations between nonmarital sexual behavior and depressive symptoms across adolescence and young adulthood. Dev Psychol 2016; 53:366-378. [PMID: 27854469 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research has demonstrated associations between adolescent sexual behavior and depressive symptoms, but no single study has examined individuals at different ages throughout adolescence and young adulthood in order to determine at what ages sexual behavior may be associated with higher or lower levels of depressive symptoms. Using nationally representative longitudinal data and an innovative method, the time-varying effect model (TVEM), which examines how the strength of an association changes over time, this study examines how nonmarital sexual intercourse is associated with depressive symptoms at different ages, which behaviors and contexts may contribute to these associations, and whether associations differ for male and female participants. Findings indicate that sexual behavior in adolescence is associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms, particularly for female adolescents, and this association is relatively consistent across different partner types and adolescent contexts. Associations between sexual behavior and depressive symptoms in young adulthood are more dependent on partner factors and adolescent contexts; sexual behavior in young adulthood is associated with fewer depressive symptoms for women who have sex with a single partner and for men whose parents did not strongly disapprove of adolescent sexual behavior. Findings suggest that delaying sexual behavior into young adulthood may have some benefits for mental health, although contextual and relationship factors also play a role. (PsycINFO Database Record
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17
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Vasilenko SA, Kugler KC, Rice CE. Timing of First Sexual Intercourse and Young Adult Health Outcomes. J Adolesc Health 2016. [PMID: 27265422 DOI: 10.1016/jjadohealth.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine how age of onset of sexual intercourse is associated with past-year and lifetime sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and depression in young adulthood. METHODS We examined how occurrence of a lifetime and past-year STI, lifetime diagnosis of depression, and past-week depressive symptoms differed as a function of age of onset of sexual intercourse using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; N = 8,938 individuals). Time-varying effect models were used to examine how age of onset, measured as continuous age, was associated with these outcomes in young adulthood, with all analyses stratified to examine gender differences. RESULTS Individuals who engaged in first intercourse before age 16 reported higher than average rates of all outcomes studied; for example, an estimated 35% of women and 12% of men who initiated at age 14 years reported a lifetime STI, compared with about 5% of those who initiated at age 24 years. Timing of first intercourse past the mid-twenties was associated with lower than average rates of STIs and lifetime depression diagnoses but was associated with a somewhat higher level of past-year depressive symptoms. Patterns were similar by gender, although there was little difference in men's depression diagnoses by age of onset. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that sexual intercourse before age 16 years may be associated with higher rates of STIs and depression. Findings provide support for comprehensive programs that both promote delay of first intercourse and provide safe sex and psychological support for those who initiate early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Vasilenko
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; The College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
| | - Kari C Kugler
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Cara E Rice
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; The Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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18
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Vasilenko SA, Kugler KC, Rice CE. Timing of First Sexual Intercourse and Young Adult Health Outcomes. J Adolesc Health 2016; 59:291-297. [PMID: 27265422 PMCID: PMC5002249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine how age of onset of sexual intercourse is associated with past-year and lifetime sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and depression in young adulthood. METHODS We examined how occurrence of a lifetime and past-year STI, lifetime diagnosis of depression, and past-week depressive symptoms differed as a function of age of onset of sexual intercourse using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; N = 8,938 individuals). Time-varying effect models were used to examine how age of onset, measured as continuous age, was associated with these outcomes in young adulthood, with all analyses stratified to examine gender differences. RESULTS Individuals who engaged in first intercourse before age 16 reported higher than average rates of all outcomes studied; for example, an estimated 35% of women and 12% of men who initiated at age 14 years reported a lifetime STI, compared with about 5% of those who initiated at age 24 years. Timing of first intercourse past the mid-twenties was associated with lower than average rates of STIs and lifetime depression diagnoses but was associated with a somewhat higher level of past-year depressive symptoms. Patterns were similar by gender, although there was little difference in men's depression diagnoses by age of onset. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that sexual intercourse before age 16 years may be associated with higher rates of STIs and depression. Findings provide support for comprehensive programs that both promote delay of first intercourse and provide safe sex and psychological support for those who initiate early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Vasilenko
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; The College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
| | - Kari C Kugler
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Cara E Rice
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; The Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Loke A, Mak Y, Wu C. The association of peer pressure and peer affiliation with the health risk behaviors of secondary school students in Hong Kong. Public Health 2016; 137:113-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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O'Connor KL, Dolphin L, Fitzgerald A, Dooley B. Modeling problem behaviors in a nationally representative sample of adolescents. J Adolesc 2016; 50:6-15. [PMID: 27161989 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Research on multiple problem behaviors has focused on the concept of Problem Behavior Syndrome (PBS). Problem Behavior Theory (PBT) is a complex and comprehensive social-psychological framework designed to explain the development of a range of problem behaviors. This study examines the structure of PBS and the applicability of PBT in adolescents. Participants were 6062 adolescents; aged 12-19 (51.3% female) who took part in the My World Survey-Second Level (MWS-SL). Regarding PBS, Confirmatory Factor Analysis established that problem behaviors, such as alcohol and drug use loaded significantly onto a single, latent construct for males and females. Using Structural Equation Modeling, the PBT framework was found to be a good fit for males and females. Socio-demographic, perceived environment system and personality accounted for over 40% of the variance in problem behaviors for males and females. Our findings have important implications for understanding how differences in engaging in problem behaviors vary by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L O'Connor
- School of Psychology, Newman Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Louise Dolphin
- School of Psychology, Newman Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Amanda Fitzgerald
- School of Psychology, Newman Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Barbara Dooley
- School of Psychology, Newman Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Headstrong: The National Centre for Youth Mental Health, 16 Westland Square, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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21
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Borges ALV, Fujimori E, Kuschnir MCC, Chofakian CBDN, de Moraes AJP, Azevedo GD, dos Santos KF, de Vasconcellos MTL. ERICA: sexual initiation and contraception in Brazilian adolescents. Rev Saude Publica 2016; 50 Suppl 1:15s. [PMID: 26910547 PMCID: PMC4767039 DOI: 10.1590/s01518-8787.2016050006686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of sexual initiation and contraceptive use at the last sexual intercourse of Brazilian adolescents, according to sociodemographic features. METHODS The data were obtained from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), a national school-based cross-sectional study. We included 74,589 adolescents from 32 geographic strata (27 capitals and five sets of municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants of each of the five macro-regions of the Country). Information on sexual initiation and contraceptive use at the last sexual intercourse (male condom and oral contraceptive pill) has been used. We have estimated prevalence and confidence intervals (95%CI) considering sample weights according to sex, age, type of school, residence status, macro-region and capitals. RESULTS We observed that 28.1% (95%CI 27.0-29.2) of the adolescents had already initiated sexual life, with higher prevalence among those aged 17 years (56.4%, 95%CI 53.9-58.9), males (33.5%, 95%CI 31.8-35.2), studying at public schools (29.9%, 95%CI 28.5-31.4), and from the Northern region (33.9%, 95%CI 32.3-35.4), mainly from Macapa, Manaus, and Rio Branco. Among those who had started their sexual life, 82.3% (95%CI 81.1-83.4) reported the use of contraceptive methods at the last intercourse, and the prevalence of use was higher among adolescents aged 17 years (85.3%, 95%CI 82.7-87.6), females (85.2%, 95%CI 83.8-86.5) and those living in the Southern region (85.9%, 95%CI 82.9-88.5). Male condom was used by 68.8% (95%CI 66.9-70.7), with no difference by type of school or macro-regions; the contraceptive pill was used by 13.4% (CI95% 12.2-14.6), and more frequently used among women (24.7%, 95%CI 22.5-27,0) and 17-year-old adolescents (20.8%, 95%CI 18.2-23.6) from urban settings(13.7%, 95%CI 12.5-14.9) and from the Southern region (22.6%, 95%CI 19.0-26.8), and less often in the Northern region. CONCLUSIONS ERICA's data analysis on sexuality and contraception shows heterogeneities in the prevalence of sexual initiation and use of contraceptive methods among Brazilian adolescents, depending on their age, where they live, and the type of school they study at. Younger adolescents and those living in the Northern region seem to be more vulnerable to the consequences of unprotected sexual intercourses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Vilela Borges
- Departamento de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva. Escola de Enfermagem. Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Elizabeth Fujimori
- Departamento de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva. Escola de Enfermagem. Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - George Dantas Azevedo
- Departamento de Morfologia. Centro de Biociências. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Karine Ferreira dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Chan CH, Ting TT, Chen YT, Chen CY, Chen WJ. Sexual initiation and emotional/behavioral problems in Taiwanese adolescents: a multivariate response profile analysis. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2015; 44:717-727. [PMID: 24590627 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-014-0265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relations of adolescent sexual experiences (particularly early initiation) to a spectrum of emotional/behavioral problems and to probe possible gender difference in such relationships. The 10th (N = 8,842) and 12th (N = 10,083) grade students, aged 16-19 years, participating in national surveys in 2005 and 2006 in Taiwan were included for this study. A self-administered web-based questionnaire was designed to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, sexual experience, substance use, and the Youth Self-Report Form. For the sexually experienced adolescents, their sexual initiation was classified as early initiation (<16 years) or non-early initiation (16-19 years). Gender-specific multivariate response profile regression was used to examine the relationship between sexual experience and the behavioral syndromes. Externalizing problems, including Rule-breaking Behavior and Aggressive Behavior, were strongly associated with sexual initiation in adolescence; the magnitude of the association increased for earlier sexual initiation, especially for females. As to internalizing problems, the connection was rather heterogeneous. The scores on some syndromes, such as Somatic Complaints and Anxious/Depressed, were higher only for females with early or non-early sexual initiation whereas the score on Withdrawn, along with Social Problems that is neither internalizing nor externalizing, was lower for the sexually experienced adolescents than for the sexually inexperienced ones. We concluded that earlier sexual initiation was associated with a wider range of behavioral problems in adolescents for both genders, yet the increased risk with emotional problems was predominately found in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Chan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
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Heron J, Low N, Lewis G, Macleod J, Ness A, Waylen A. Social factors associated with readiness for sexual activity in adolescents: a population-based cohort study. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2015; 44:669-678. [PMID: 23982565 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-013-0162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Various factors are associated with sexual activity in adolescence and it is important to identify those that promote healthy and adaptive romantic and sexual development. The objectives of this study were to describe rates of early sexual intercourse (before 16 years) and sexual readiness in adolescence and to assess the extent to which these were social patterned. We prospectively studied nearly 5,000 15-year-olds from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a UK birth cohort. Between 2006 and 2008, female and male participants answered a computer assisted interview about romantic and sexual behaviors in the last year. Predictors of sexual intercourse and readiness for sexual intercourse were examined across a range of sociodemographic measures. Overall, 17.7% (95% CI 16.7%, 18.9%) of participants reported having had sexual intercourse in the last year, with more girls than boys reporting sexual experience (risk ratio 1.30, 95% CI 1.15, 1.47). Of these, one-third of both male and female were classed as unready because they were unwilling, lacking in autonomy, felt regret or had not used contraception. There was strong evidence of social patterning for sexual activity with higher rates for young people from poorer homes, with lower social class, and with younger, less educated mothers. In contrast, among 860 young people who had had sexual intercourse, there was no clear evidence of associations between social factors and sexual readiness. The lack of social patterning in sexual readiness supports the provision of comprehensive education to develop life skills for adolescents across all social groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Heron
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK,
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Kågesten A, Blum RW. Characteristics of youth who report early sexual experiences in Sweden. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2015; 44:679-694. [PMID: 25724451 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Early timing of first sex is a common risk factor for adverse sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes. This study explored characteristics and circumstances associated with early sexual experience (at or below age 14) among Swedish youth. Data were drawn from UngKAB09, a national study of youth SRH in Sweden. 24,000 youth 16-28 years were randomly selected for a web-based survey with a response rate of 24%. Post-stratification weights were used to correct for over- and underrepresentation in response. Adjusted logistic regression was used to model associations with early sexual experience, by gender. In the final sample (N = 5,321, 49% girls), 9 in 10 were sexually experienced, of whom 21% reported early first sex. In multivariate analysis, early sex was significantly associated with 7 of the 9 predictor variables selected for the model among boys and 14 of 15 selected factors among girls. Early sex was positively associated with low educational attainment, early pubertal onset, bisexual identity and (girls only) rural residence. For girls, first generation immigrant status, greater religiosity, conservative sexual attitudes and low Chlamydia knowledge decreased the odds of early sex. Early experience was more common if youth had older partners and, among girls, felt that sex was expected. Being in love, feelings of intimacy, alcohol use at first sex, and (girls only) causal sexual partner and wantedness of first sex were inversely associated with early first sex. The findings and implications are discussed in relation to the European and global literature on early sexual experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kågesten
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA,
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25
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Madkour AS, de Looze M, Ma P, Halpern CT, Farhat T, Ter Bogt TFM, Ehlinger V, Nic Gabhainn S, Currie C, Godeau E. Macro-level age norms for the timing of sexual initiation and adolescents' early sexual initiation in 17 European countries. J Adolesc Health 2014; 55:114-21. [PMID: 24508092 PMCID: PMC4065809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the relationship between country-level age norms for sexual initiation timing and early sexual initiation (ESI) among adolescent boys and girls. METHODS Nationally representative data from 17 countries that participated in the 2006/2007 European Social Survey (ESS-3, n = 33,092) and the 2005/2006 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study (HBSC, n = 27,702) were analyzed. Age norms were measured as the average country-level response to an item asking the age at which ESS respondents believed someone is too young to have sexual intercourse. HBSC respondents (aged 14-16 years) self-reported age at sexual initiation, which we defined as early (<15 years) or not early (≥15 years or no initiation). Control variables included age, family affluence, perceived socioeconomic status, family living arrangement, substance use, school attachment, and country-level legal age of consent. Multivariable three-level logistic models with random intercepts were run separately by sex. RESULTS In multivariable analyses, higher overall age norms were associated with reduced likelihood of ESI among girls (AOR .60, 95% CI .45-.79); associations with ESI were stronger for parent cohort (ages 31-65 years) norms (AOR .37, 95% CI .23-.58) than for peer cohort (ages 15-20 years) norms (AOR .60, 95% CI .49-.74). For boys, overall norms were also significantly negatively associated with ESI (AOR .68, 95% CI .46-.99), as were parent cohort norms (AOR .66, 95% CI .45-.96). Peer cohort norms were not significantly related to boys' ESI. CONCLUSION Macrolevel cultural norms may impact adolescents' sexual initiation timing. Research exploring the sexual health outcomes of early initiators in countries with contrasting age norms is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey Spriggs Madkour
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
| | - Margaretha de Looze
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Carolyn Tucker Halpern
- Department of Maternal & Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Tilda Farhat
- Prevention Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tom F M Ter Bogt
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Virginie Ehlinger
- Research Unit on Perinatal Epidemiology and Childhood Disabilities, Adolescent Health, Université de Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Saoirse Nic Gabhainn
- Department of Health Promotion, Áras Moyola, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Candace Currie
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, North Haugh, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuelle Godeau
- Research Unit on Perinatal Epidemiology and Childhood Disabilities, Adolescent Health, Université de Toulouse III, Toulouse, France; Service médical du rectorat de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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26
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Kim J, Lee JE. Early sexual debut and condom nonuse among adolescents in South Korea. Sex Health 2013; 9:459-65. [PMID: 23380196 DOI: 10.1071/sh11124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to sexual debut among adolescents, and to examine the association between subject characteristics and condom nonuse among those who experienced sexual intercourse in South Korea. METHODS Data were obtained from the 2009 Korean Youth Risk Behaviour Survey, a nationally representative sample. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the factors related to sexual debut, associations of condom nonuse and subject characteristics. RESULTS Among male adolescents, age, early age at first emission, low academic achievement, living with a step-parent, perceived low level of household income, frequent drinking and smoking, and depressive feelings were associated with early sexual debut. Attending a coeducational school, living with a single biological parent and step-parent, risky health behaviour such as drinking and smoking, and depressive feelings were related risks factors for early sexual debut among female students. Factors associated with condom nonuse included early sexual debut (less than 16 years of age) (odds ratio (OR)=1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.32-2.43) and frequent smoking behaviour (OR=1.49, 95% CI=1.08-2.05) for males and early sexual debut (OR=4.37, 95% CI=1.02-18.68) and frequent drinking (OR=2.05, 95% CI=1.12-3.75) for females. CONCLUSIONS Appropriate interventions should be implemented for adolescents in Korea to delay sexual debut and educate them on the proper use of condoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Kim
- Department of Nursing, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Wisnieski D, Sieving RE, Garwick AW. Influence of Peers on Young Adolescent Females' Romantic Decisions. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2012.749716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Madkour AS, Farhat T, Halpern CT, Gabhainn SN, Godeau E. Parents' support and knowledge of their daughters' lives, and females' early sexual initiation in nine European countries. PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2012; 44:167-175. [PMID: 22958661 PMCID: PMC3751400 DOI: 10.1363/4416712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Associations between early sexual initiation and parental support and knowledge have not been uniformly tested in multiple European population-based samples. Understanding such associations is important in efforts to discourage females' early sex. METHODS Data were compiled for 7,466 females aged 14-16 who participated in the 2005-2006 Health Behaviors in School-Aged Children survey in nine countries (Austria, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Lithuania, Romania, Spain and Ukraine). Univariate, bivariate and multivariable analyses were run with standard error corrections and weights to assess how sexual initiation before age 16 was related to maternal and paternal support and knowledge of daily activities. RESULTS Prevalence of early sexual initiation ranged from 7% (in Romania) to 35% (in Iceland). In bivariate analyses, maternal and paternal support were significantly negatively related to adolescent females' early sexual initiation in most countries. In models with demographic controls, parental support was negatively associated with early sexual initiation (odds ratio, 0.8 for maternal and 0.7 for paternal). After parental knowledge was added, early sexual initiation was no longer associated with parental support, but was negatively associated with maternal and paternal knowledge (0.7 for each). These patterns held across countries. CONCLUSIONS Parental knowledge largely explained negative associations between parental support and early initiation, suggesting either that knowledge is more important than support or that knowledge mediates the association between support and early sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey Spriggs Madkour
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Brooks FM, Magnusson J, Spencer N, Morgan A. Adolescent multiple risk behaviour: an asset approach to the role of family, school and community. J Public Health (Oxf) 2012; 34 Suppl 1:i48-56. [PMID: 22363031 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fds001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engagement in risk behaviours may pose a significant threat to health if involvement spans multiple behaviours. The asset model suggests that contextual aspects of young people's lives, such as factors related to family, school and community, serve as a protective function against health risk behaviours. METHODS A risk-taking index was created from the English health behaviour in school-aged children study on 15 years olds, substance use and sexual activity. Using a multinomial regression, potential asset variables relating to school, family, peers, community and family affluence were tested for their association with levels of risk behaviours. RESULTS Sense of neighbourhood belonging, strong school belonging and parental involvement in decision-making about leisure time were related to lower engagement in health risk behaviours. A weaker sense of family belonging was associated with increased risk behaviours if connectedness with teachers was also low. Factors related to school and community played a greater role in adolescent participation in health-related risk behaviours than family-related factors, including family affluence. CONCLUSIONS Feelings of safety and belonging in the out-of-home settings of adolescents were positively associated with reduced risk behaviours, and indicate the importance of the wider community alongside parents and school as protective assets for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Brooks
- Adolescent and Child Health Research Group, CRIPACC, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK.
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Carlsund A, Eriksson U, Lofstedt P, Sellstrom E. Risk behaviour in Swedish adolescents: is shared physical custody after divorce a risk or a protective factor? Eur J Public Health 2012; 23:3-8. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cks011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Schwegman D. Frank C. DiCataldo: The Perversion of Youth: Controversies in the Assessment and Treatment of Juvenile Sex Offenders. J Youth Adolesc 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-011-9663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Davidson S. Mark D. Regnerus: Forbidden Fruit: Sex & Religion in the Lives of American Teenagers. J Youth Adolesc 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-011-9662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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