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Waddell JT, Sternberg A, Eisenberg N, Chassin L. Longitudinal Relations Among Parental Substance Use Disorder and Adolescent Drinking Behavior: The Role of Temperament, Negative Urgency, and Maternal Parenting. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:833-848. [PMID: 37864729 PMCID: PMC11232500 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that parental substance use disorder is associated with adolescent drinking indirectly through negative urgency, a form of impulsivity that is particularly associated with high-risk drinking. Moreover, childhood mechanisms of risk may play a role in this developmental chain such that childhood temperament and parenting may be mechanisms through which parental substance use disorder is associated with adolescent negative urgency and drinking behavior. Therefore, the current study tested whether parental substance use disorder was indirectly associated with adolescent drinking frequency through childhood temperament (i.e., "dysregulated irritability") and adolescent negative urgency, and whether relations differed by levels of maternal support and consistency of discipline. Data come from a multigenerational, longitudinal study of familial substance use disorder (N = 276, Mage in childhood = 6.28 (SD = 1.16), Mage in adolescence = 15.86 (SD = 1.56), 45.3% female). Findings indicated that parental substance use disorder indirectly predicted adolescent drinking through both childhood dysregulated irritability and adolescent negative urgency (mediated pathways). This indirect relation was stronger at higher vs. lower levels of maternal support but did not vary by maternal consistency of discipline. Parental substance use disorder also indirectly predicted adolescent drinking separately through childhood dysregulated irritability and negative urgency. Findings thus suggest that childhood dysregulated irritability may be an early marker of risk toward high-risk personality traits and behavior in adolescence that are associated with having a parental history of substance use disorder. Findings also suggest that increased maternal support may only be helpful in buffering risk for those with low levels of dysregulated irritability. Prevention efforts focused on childhood emotion regulation and emotion-based action may be useful in preventing adolescent risk behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Waddell
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA.
| | | | - Nancy Eisenberg
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA
| | - Laurie Chassin
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA
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Sonmez AI, Garcia JQ, Thitiseranee L, Blacker CJ, Lewis CP. Scoping Review: Transdiagnostic Measurement of Impulsivity Domains in Youth Using the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scales. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:S0890-8567(24)00142-4. [PMID: 38552900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impulsivity contributes to many clinically relevant behaviors impacting youth. A scoping review was conducted to characterize existing research using the Urgency, Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking (UPPS) Impulsive Behavior Scales in youth populations, to review the psychometric and validity data of UPPS, and to summarize findings related to sex/gender and diagnostic populations of youth. METHOD PubMed, Embase, and PsycNET databases were searched from January 1, 2001 (original UPPS publication) through October 2, 2022, according to PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Articles were reviewed for inclusion/exclusion by 2 authors. Original research articles in English using any UPPS version or subscale in persons aged ≤21 years were included. RESULTS Inclusion criteria were met by 45 articles, with low bias and moderate-to-high quality. Most were cross-sectional studies; studies investigated diverse community and clinical samples. The UPPS demonstrated consistent factor structure, good reliability, and good external validity with other measures of impulsive behaviors and conditions associated with impaired impulse control. Some studies observed differences in UPPS domain scores between sex/gender groups or differential patterns in relationships between UPPS domains and clinical variables. UPPS subscale scores often differed in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorders, substance use, and excess weight/obesity compared with control youth. UPPS domains commonly had interactions with sex/gender, sociodemographic, and diagnosis-related variables. CONCLUSION The current literature suggests that the UPPS has utility in measuring distinct components of impulsivity in clinical and nonclinical populations of youth. Specificity in discriminating diagnostic groups and predicting risk currently remains uncertain. Further research is needed to integrate UPPS measures with experimental models and additional neurobiological methods and to assess longitudinal developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caren J Blacker
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Charles P Lewis
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Waddell JT, Sasser J. Too Tired to Think: Within and Between-Person Relations Among Impulsive Traits, Sleep Duration, and Mental Health Outcomes. Int J Ment Health Addict 2024; 22:703-721. [PMID: 38414721 PMCID: PMC10896226 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavier drinking and depression are common mental health concerns in the USA, yet few studies have sought to understand transdiagnostic risk factors for both. Two health-focused risk factors are impulsive personality traits and sleep duration, but research typically separates the two, precluding additive and interactive relations. The current study sought to test a theoretical model where risk conferred from impulsive traits is heightened when individuals have reduced sleep. Public-access data from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) were used to test study hypotheses. Participants reported on impulsive traits (i.e., lack of premeditation, sensation seeking), sleep duration, depression, and drinking across three waves spanning adolescence, emerging adulthood, and adulthood. Multilevel models distinguished risk processes at the between- vs. within-person level. At the between-person level, sensation seeking predicted drinking whereas premeditation predicted depression. Additionally, within-person deviations in both traits were associated with drinking, whereas within-person deviations in premeditation were associated with depression. Sleep duration was protective against outcomes at both levels. However, main effects were qualified by interactions at both levels, such that having below average sleep duration heightened the effects of premeditation at the between-person level, whereas within-person decreases in sleep heightened the effects of sensation seeking at the within-person level. Findings support a theoretical model where poor sleep exacerbates risk conferred from impulsive traits. Risk conferred from impulsive traits diverged based upon level of analysis, suggesting that global and just-in-time interventions may benefit from targeting specific impulsive traits as well as sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T. Waddell
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 900 S McAllister, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA
| | - Jeri Sasser
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 900 S McAllister, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA
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Gebru NM, Goncalves PD, Cruz RA, Thompson WK, Allegair N, Potter A, Garavan H, Dumas J, Leeman RF, Johnson M. Effects of parental mental health and family environment on impulsivity in preadolescents: a longitudinal ABCD study ®. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1213894. [PMID: 37942273 PMCID: PMC10628051 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1213894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Impulsivity is a known risk factor for the development of substance use disorders and other psychiatric conditions that is influenced by both genetics and environment. Although research has linked parental mental health to children's impulsivity, potential mediators of this relationship remain understudied. The current investigation leverages the large national Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study to assess the mediating role of family conflict - an important social context for youth development - in the relationship between parental mental health and youth impulsivity. Methods Data were from the first three annual waves of the ABCD study (Baseline N = 11,876 children, Mage = 9.9 years; 48% female; 52% White). Parental mental health conditions were self-reported internalizing, externalizing, and total problems. Youth completed the family conflict scale, and Urgency, Planning (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking, and Positive Urgency (UPPS-P) scale to measure impulsivity. To determine if within-family change in conflict from baseline to year 1 explained changes in the strength of relations between baseline parental mental health and year 2 youth impulsivity, longitudinal causal mediation analyses were conducted, controlling for demographic factors (i.e., age, sex, race, household income, parental education, marital status), as well as baseline levels of family conflict and outcomes. Separate mediation models were run for each mental health condition and each UPPS-P subscale. Results Above and beyond bivariate relations, longitudinal mediation models, which included covariates, showed family conflict significantly (ps < 0.001) mediated relations between all three parental mental health conditions and all but one (i.e., sensation seeking) UPPS-P subscales. The proportion mediated through family conflict for internalizing problems and total problems on facets of impulsivity (except sensation seeking) ranged from 9% (for lack of perseverance) to 17% (for lack of planning). Proportion mediated via family conflict for externalizing problems on youth's impulsivity (except sensation seeking) was slightly higher, ranging between 13% (lack of perseverance) to 21% (lack of planning). Discussion Family conflict may be an important intergenerational factor linking parental mental health and youth's impulsivity. Addressing parental mental health and family conflict may help curb increased impulsivity in youth, and in turn reduce adolescent substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nioud Mulugeta Gebru
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Priscila Dib Goncalves
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rick A. Cruz
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Institute, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Nicholas Allegair
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Alexandra Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Julie Dumas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Robert F. Leeman
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Micah Johnson
- The Department of Mental Health Law and Policy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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McNamara IA, Soto D, Su J, Dick DM. Family History and Alcohol Use Outcomes: Examining Transmission of Risk through Impulsivity and the Moderating Role of Organized Sports Participation. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1090-1101. [PMID: 37194673 PMCID: PMC10247443 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2205518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College students are at risk for alcohol misuse and those who participate in organized sports are at even higher risk. Family history of alcohol problems (FH) and impulsivity are well-documented risk factors for alcohol use outcomes, but no research has examined the role of organized sports participation in moderating these associations. This study examined the associations between FH, alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms, the role of UPPS-P (Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Positive Urgency impulsive behavior scale) impulsivity dimensions in mediating the association between FH and alcohol use outcomes, and whether these associations vary by students' organized sports participation. METHOD Participants (N = 3,959, 64.7% female, 51.8% White; Mean age = 18.48 years, SD = .40) were recruited from a large, public university and completed an online survey in the fall and spring semesters of their first year in college. Path analyses were conducted in Mplus. RESULTS FH was associated with higher levels of alcohol consumption and more AUD symptoms. Lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and negative urgency partially mediated the associations between FH and alcohol consumption and AUD symptoms. The association between negative urgency and AUD symptoms was stronger for organized sports participants. CONCLUSIONS Impulsivity dimensions are risk factors for both alcohol consumption and AUD symptoms and serve as important pathways for the transmission of risk between generations. Prevention and intervention efforts aimed at reducing problematic alcohol use should target impulsivity generally, and particularly negative urgency among college students who participate in organized sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A McNamara
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Derek Soto
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Eray Ş, Sigirli D, Yavuz BE, Şahin V, Liu M, Cyders MA. Turkish adaptation and validation of the Short-UPPS-P in adolescents and examination of different facets of impulsivity in adolescents with ADHD. Child Neuropsychol 2023; 29:503-519. [PMID: 35862123 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2022.2100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The short form of the Impulsive Behavior scale (S-UPPS-P) is a widely used scale to measure multiple impulsive personality traits; although it has been translated into many languages, no Turkish translation has been studied to date. Our study had two aims. First, we tested the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the S-UPPS-P for adolescents. Second, we examined impulsive trait characteristics exhibited by adolescents with ADHD, compared to a community sample. We evaluated the psychometric properties of the Turkish S-UPPS-P scale in 384 adolescents aged 11-18 and tested correlations with ADHD symptoms by assessing 41 adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. Our results showed that with a few slight modifications the Turkish translation of the S-UPPS-P scale can validly assess impulsive trait characteristics for Turkish adolescents. The subscales of lack of premeditation, positive urgency, and negative urgency efficiently distinguished between adolescents with ADHD and control subjects. This is the first scale to evaluate the multidimensional nature of impulsivity in Turkish adolescents. This scale is capable of screening various facets of impulsivity in typically developing adolescents as well as those with ADHD, enabling us to enhance our understanding of possible risks for comorbid diseases in the latter group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şafak Eray
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bursa Uludag University Medical Faculty, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Deniz Sigirli
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Büşra Ece Yavuz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bursa Uludag University Medical Faculty, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Volkan Şahin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bursa Uludag University Medical Faculty, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Melissa Liu
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University - Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University - Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Shahid A, Asmat A. Exploration of the initiation of substance use among Pakistani adolescents: a qualitative approach. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2157773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anam Shahid
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Alia Asmat
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Waddell JT, Jager J, Chassin L. Maturing out of alcohol and cannabis co-use: A test of patterns and personality predictors. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1603-1615. [PMID: 35994040 PMCID: PMC10325930 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reductions in substance involvement into adulthood are thought to represent a normative maturing out of substance use. However, patterns and predictors of maturing out of alcohol and cannabis co-use remain largely unstudied. Therefore, the current study tested developmental trajectories of alcohol and cannabis use from late adolescence into adulthood and whether late adolescent personality traits predicted trajectory class membership. METHODS Data come from a longitudinal study of family history of alcohol disorder (N = 458). Age bands were created to model trajectories of drinking quantity, negative alcohol consequences, and cannabis use frequency from late adolescence (age 18-22) to young adulthood (age 23-28) and adulthood (age 29-36). Participants reported on their sensation seeking, conscientiousness, and neuroticism during late adolescence and their typical drinking quantity, negative alcohol consequences, and cannabis use frequency at each age band. RESULTS Three trajectory classes were derived from an initial Parallel Process Growth Mixture Model: (1) low-risk maturing out of alcohol-only use, (2) high-risk maturing out of co-use, and (3) high-risk switchers who increased their cannabis use into adulthood. Late adolescent sensation seeking was associated with higher odds of being in both co-use trajectories, whereas a lack of conscientiousness was associated with higher odds of being a co-use switcher. CONCLUSIONS We identified heterogeneity in trajectories of co-use, which suggests that a lack of maturing out of alcohol involvement may be accompanied by increased cannabis use. Moreover, late adolescent personality traits may predispose individuals toward riskier developmental trajectories of substance use into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Waddell
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Justin Jager
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Laurie Chassin
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Waddell JT, King SE, Okey SA, Marohnic SD, Corbin WR. Prospective Effects of UPPS-P Impulsivity and Typical Drinking Context on Future Drinking Behavior. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:212-222. [PMID: 35254244 PMCID: PMC8909921 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2022.83.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research suggests that impulsivity is a risk factor for problem drinking, but prior studies have yet to examine typical drinking context as a potential moderator of relations between impulsivity and drinking outcomes. Guided by Person-Environment Transactions Theory, the current study tested whether five facets of impulsivity (negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking) interacted with typical drinking context to prospectively predict drinking quantity. METHOD Young adult participants (N = 448; mean age = 22.27) were recruited from a southwestern university and the surrounding community. Data from a baseline survey (Time [T] 1) and a 1-year follow-up (T2) were used for the current analyses. Impulsivity (UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale), typical drinking context, and typical drinking quantity were assessed at T1, and typical drinking quantity at T2. RESULTS Context items were loaded onto latent factors comprising high-arousal (e.g., at a tailgate, large house party) and low-arousal (e.g., at a restaurant, on a date) drinking contexts. In univariate (separated by UPPS-P facet) and multivariate (UPPS-P facets together) models, lack of premeditation and positive urgency interacted with high-arousal drinking contexts to predict T2 drinking, such that individuals at high/mean levels of impulsivity drank more heavily the more frequently they drank in high-arousal contexts. Only interactions in univariate models remained significant after a false discovery correction, although effect sizes were very similar across univariate and multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS Individuals high in positive urgency and lack of premeditation may be particularly vulnerable to riskier drinking behavior in high-arousal environments. Findings advance the literature on context-specific cues that may be important intervention targets, particularly for individuals high in positive urgency and lack of premeditation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T. Waddell
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Scott E. King
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Sarah A. Okey
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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