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Mehdizadeh M, Karkhaneh F, Nekoomanesh M, Sadjadi S, Emami M, Teimoury H, Salimi M, Solà M, Poater A, Bahri-Laleh N, Posada-Pérez S. Influence of the Ethanol Content of Adduct on the Comonomer Incorporation of Related Ziegler-Natta Catalysts in Propylene (Co)polymerizations. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4476. [PMID: 38231935 PMCID: PMC10708330 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of the ethanol content of adducts on the catalytic behavior of related Ziegler-Natta (ZN) catalysts in propylene homo- and copolymerizations (with 1-hexene comonomer) in terms of activity, isotacticity, H2 response, and comonomer incorporation. For this purpose, three MgCl2.nEtOH adducts with n values of 0.7, 1.2, and 2.8 were synthesized and used in the synthesis of related ZN catalysts. The catalysts were thoroughly characterized using XRD, BET, SEM, EDX, N2 adsorption-desorption, and DFT techniques. Additionally, the microstructure of the synthesized (co)polymers was distinguished via DSC, SSA, and TREF techniques. Their activity was found to enhance with the adduct's ethanol content in both homo- and copolymerization experiments, and the increase was more pronounced in homopolymerization reactions in the absence of H2. Furthermore, the catalyst with the highest ethanol content provided a copolymer with a lower isotacticity index, a shorter meso sequence length, and a more uniform distribution of comonomer within the chains. These results were attributed to the higher total surface area and Ti content of the corresponding catalyst, as well as its lower average pore diameter, a larger proportion of large pores compared to the other two catalysts, and its spherical open bud morphology. It affirms the importance of catalyst/support ethanol-content control during the preparation process. Then, molecular simulation was employed to shed light on the iso-specificity of the polypropylene produced via synthesized catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Mehdizadeh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Fereshteh Karkhaneh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Mehdi Nekoomanesh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Samahe Sadjadi
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Mehrsa Emami
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - HamidReza Teimoury
- Research & Development Center, Kermanshah Polymer Company, Kermanshah 14965/115, Iran; (H.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Mehrdad Salimi
- Research & Development Center, Kermanshah Polymer Company, Kermanshah 14965/115, Iran; (H.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Naeimeh Bahri-Laleh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Sergio Posada-Pérez
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain;
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Song Z, Wang S, Gao R, Wang Y, Gou Q, Zheng G, Feng H, Fan G, Lai J. Recent Advancements in Mechanistic Studies of Palladium- and Nickel-Catalyzed Ethylene Copolymerization with Polar Monomers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4343. [PMID: 38006069 PMCID: PMC10675468 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of polar functional groups into polyolefin chain structures creates opportunities to enhance specific properties, such as adhesion, dyeability, printability, compatibility, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity, which widen the range of potential applications for these modified materials. Transition metal catalysts, especially late transition metals, have proven to be highly effective in copolymerization processes due to their reduced Lewis acidity and electrophilicity. However, when compared to the significant progress and summary of synthetic methods, there is a distinct lack of a comprehensive summary of mechanistic studies pertaining to the catalytic systems involved in ethylene copolymerization catalyzed by palladium and nickel catalysts. In this review, we have provided a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in mechanistic studies of ethylene copolymerization with polar monomers catalyzed by late-transition-metal complexes. Experimental and computational methods were employed to conduct a detailed investigation of these organic and organometallic systems. It is mainly focused on ligand substitution, changes in binding modes, ethylene/polar monomer insertion, chelate opening, and β-H elimination. Factors that control the catalytic activity, molecular weight, comonomer incorporation ratios, and branch content are analyzed, these include steric repulsions between ligands and monomers, electronic effects arising from both ligands and monomers, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Song
- Department of Polyethylene, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China; (R.G.); (Y.W.); (Q.G.); (G.Z.); (G.F.); (J.L.)
| | - Shaochi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA;
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Polyethylene, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China; (R.G.); (Y.W.); (Q.G.); (G.Z.); (G.F.); (J.L.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Polyethylene, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China; (R.G.); (Y.W.); (Q.G.); (G.Z.); (G.F.); (J.L.)
| | - Qingqiang Gou
- Department of Polyethylene, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China; (R.G.); (Y.W.); (Q.G.); (G.Z.); (G.F.); (J.L.)
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Polyethylene, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China; (R.G.); (Y.W.); (Q.G.); (G.Z.); (G.F.); (J.L.)
| | - Huasheng Feng
- Department of Catalytic Science, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China;
| | - Guoqiang Fan
- Department of Polyethylene, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China; (R.G.); (Y.W.); (Q.G.); (G.Z.); (G.F.); (J.L.)
| | - Jingjing Lai
- Department of Polyethylene, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China; (R.G.); (Y.W.); (Q.G.); (G.Z.); (G.F.); (J.L.)
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The effect of SiO2 calcination temperature and [Si]/[Mg] molar ratio on the performance of bi-supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts in ethylene polymerizations. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Xue M, Luo Y, Ren S, Li T, You Q, Xie G. Phenyl-bridged bis-salicylaldiminato binuclear titanium complexes for ethylene (co)polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Masoori M, Nekoomanesh M, Posada-Pérez S, Rashedi R, Bahri-Laleh N. A systematic study on the effect of co-catalysts composition on the performance of Ziegler-Natta catalyst in ethylene/1-butene co-polymerizations. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Transition Metal-(μ-Cl)-Aluminum Bonding in α-Olefin and Diene Chemistry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217164. [PMID: 36363991 PMCID: PMC9654437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Olefin and diene transformations, catalyzed by organoaluminum-activated metal complexes, are widely used in synthetic organic chemistry and form the basis of major petrochemical processes. However, the role of M−(μ-Cl)−Al bonding, being proven for certain >C=C< functionalization reactions, remains unclear and debated for essentially more important industrial processes such as oligomerization and polymerization of α-olefins and conjugated dienes. Numerous publications indirectly point at the significance of M−(μ-Cl)−Al bonding in Ziegler−Natta and related transformations, but only a few studies contain experimental or at least theoretical evidence of the involvement of M−(μ-Cl)−Al species into catalytic cycles. In the present review, we have compiled data on the formation of M−(μ-Cl)−Al complexes (M = Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Ni), their molecular structure, and reactivity towards olefins and dienes. The possible role of similar complexes in the functionalization, oligomerization and polymerization of α-olefins and dienes is discussed in the present review through the prism of the further development of Ziegler−Natta processes and beyond.
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Shams A, Mehdizadeh M, Teimoury H, Emami M, Mirmohammadi SA, Sadjadi S, Bardají E, Poater A, Bahri-Laleh N. Effect of the pore architecture of Ziegler-Natta catalyst on its behavior in propylene/1-hexene copolymerization. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mansouri AM, Emami M, Yousefi S, Chen C, Gargari MH, Hanifpour A, Bahri‐Laleh N. Structure–property relationship in film and blow molding type high‐density polyethylene polymers from a slurry‐process industrial plant. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrsa Emami
- Engineering Department Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI) Tehran Iran
| | - Saleh Yousefi
- Engineering Department Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI) Tehran Iran
| | - Changle Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | | | - Ahad Hanifpour
- Engineering Department Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI) Tehran Iran
| | - Naeimeh Bahri‐Laleh
- Engineering Department Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI) Tehran Iran
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Zhao Y, Xu X, Wang Y, Liu T, Li H, Zhang Y, Wang L, Wang X, Zhao S, Luo Y. Ancillary ligand effects on α-olefin polymerization catalyzed by zirconium metallocene: a computational study. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21111-21121. [PMID: 35975060 PMCID: PMC9341425 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymerization of α-olefins catalyzed by zirconium metallocene catalyst was systematically studied through experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Having achieved an agreement between theory and experiment, it was found that the effect of the catalyst ligand on the C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C insertion reaction was significantly greater than that on the β-H elimination reaction. Therefore, the molecular weight of polymers can be increased by improving the activity of the CC insertion. In addition, in comparison with propylene, the chain length of α-olefins can directly affect the stereotacticity of polymerization products, owing to steric hindrance between the polymer chain and monomer. The polymerization of α-olefins catalyzed by zirconium metallocene catalyst was systematically studied through experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xianming Xu
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Tong Liu
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Libo Wang
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Xiuhui Wang
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Simeng Zhao
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China .,PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute Beijing 102206 China
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