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Raghu SV, Rao S, Kini V, Kudva AK, George T, Baliga MS. Fruits and their phytochemicals in mitigating the ill effects of ionizing radiation: review on the existing scientific evidence and way forward. Food Funct 2023; 14:1290-1319. [PMID: 36688345 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01911f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although helpful in treating cancer, exposure to ionizing radiation can sometimes cause severe side effects, negating its benefit. In addition to its use in clinics, a nontoxic radioprotective agent can also be beneficial in occupational settings where humans are occupationally exposed for prolonged periods to low doses of radiation. Scientific studies using laboratory animals have shown that the fruits Aegle marmelos, Capsicum annuum, Citrus aurantium, Citrullus lanatus, Crataegus microphylla, Eugenia jambolana, Emblica officinalis, Garcinia kola, Grewia asiatica, Hippophae rhamnoides, Malus baccata, Malpighia glabra or Malpighia emarginata, Mangifera indica, Prunus domestica, Prunus avium, Prunus armeniaca, Psoralea corylifolia, Punica granatum, Solanum lycopersicum, Terminalia chebula, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Vitis vinifera and Xylopia aethiopica, and the phytochemicals gallic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, geraniin, corilagin, ascorbic acid, hesperetin, ursolic acid, lycopene, naringin, hesperidin, rutin, resveratrol, β-sitosterol, apigenin, luteolin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, mangiferin, diosmin, ferulic acid, and kaempferol are effective in preventing radiation-induced ill effects. Clinical studies with Emblica officinalis and Punica granatum have also shown that fruits help mitigate radiation-induced mucositis, dermatitis, and cystitis. For the first time, the current review summarizes the beneficial effects of fruits and phytochemicals in mitigating radiation-induced damage, the underlying mechanisms and the existing lacunae for future studies to be undertaken for the benefit of humans and the nutraceutical and agri-based industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Rao
- Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore-575002, Karnataka, India.
| | - Venkataramana Kini
- Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore-575002, Karnataka, India.
| | - Avinash Kundadka Kudva
- Department of Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - Thomas George
- Internal Medicine, Coney Island Hospital, 2601 Ocean Pkwy, Brooklyn, New York, 11235, USA
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Jit BP, Pattnaik S, Arya R, Dash R, Sahoo SS, Pradhan B, Bhuyan PP, Behera PK, Jena M, Sharma A, Agrawala PK, Behera RK. Phytochemicals: A potential next generation agent for radioprotection. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154188. [PMID: 36029645 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation hazards are accountable for extensive damage in the biological system and acts as a public health burden. Owing to the rapid increasing in radiation technology, both Ionizing radiation (IR) from natural and man made source poses detrimental outcome to public health. IR releases free radicals which induces oxidative stress and deleterious biological damage by modulating radiation induced signalling intermediates. The efficacy of existing therapeutic approach and treatment strategy are limited owing to their toxicity and associated side effects. Indian system of traditional medicine is enriched with prospective phytochemicals with potential radioprotection ability. PURPOSE The present review elucidated and summarized the potential role of plant derived novel chemical compound with prospective radioprotective potential. METHOD So far as the traditional system of Indian medicine is concerned, plant kingdom is enriched with potential bioactive molecules with diverse pharmacological activities. We reviewed several compounds mostly secondary metabolites from plant origin using various search engines. RESULTS Both compounds from land plants and marine source exhibited antioxidant antiinflammatory, free radical scavenging ability. These compounds have tremendous potential in fine-tuning of several signalling intermediates, which are actively participated in the progression and development of a pathological condition associated with radiation stress. CONCLUSION Development and explore of an operational radioprotective agent from originated from plant source that can be used as a novel molecular tool to eliminate the widespread damage caused by space exploration, ionizing radiation, nuclear war and radiotherapy has been significantly appreciated. Through extensive literature search we highlighted several compounds from both land plant and marine origin can be implemented for a better therapeutic potential against radiation induced injury. Furthermore, extensive clinical trials must be carried out in near future for better therapeutic modality and clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Prasad Jit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India; School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, India
| | - Subhaswaraj Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India; Centre of Excellence in Natural Products and Therapeutics, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha 768019, India
| | - Rakesh Arya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India; School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, India
| | - Rutumbara Dash
- Departement of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Biswajita Pradhan
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha 760007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, South Korea
| | - Prajna Paramita Bhuyan
- Department of Botany, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, Odisha 757003, India
| | - Pradyota Kumar Behera
- Department of Chemistry, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha 760007, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha 760007, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Paban Kumar Agrawala
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi 110054, India
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Sahu D, Bishwal SC, Malik MZ, Sahu S, Kaushik SR, Sharma S, Saini E, Arya R, Rastogi A, Sharma S, Sen S, Singh RKB, Liu CJ, Nanda RK, Panda AK. Troxerutin-Mediated Complement Pathway Inhibition is a Disease-Modifying Treatment for Inflammatory Arthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:845457. [PMID: 35433699 PMCID: PMC9009527 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.845457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Troxerutin (TXR) is a phytochemical reported to possess anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. In this study, we aimed to exploit the antiarthritic properties of TXR using an adjuvant-induced arthritic (AIA) rat model. AIA-induced rats showed the highest arthritis score at the disease onset and by oral administration of TXR (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight), reduced to basal level in a dose-dependent manner. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitative (iTRAQ) proteomics tool were employed to identify deregulated joint homogenate proteins in AIA and TXR-treated rats to decipher the probable mechanism of TXR action in arthritis. iTRAQ analysis identified a set of 434 proteins with 65 deregulated proteins (log2 case/control≥1.5) in AIA. Expressions of a set of important proteins (AAT, T-kininogen, vimentin, desmin, and nucleophosmin) that could classify AIA from the healthy ones were validated using Western blot analysis. The Western blot data corroborated proteomics findings. In silico protein–protein interaction study of tissue-proteome revealed that complement component 9 (C9), the major building blocks of the membrane attack complex (MAC) responsible for sterile inflammation, get perturbed in AIA. Our dosimetry study suggests that a TXR dose of 200 mg/kg body weight for 15 days is sufficient to bring the arthritis score to basal levels in AIA rats. We have shown the importance of TXR as an antiarthritic agent in the AIA model and after additional investigation, its arthritic ameliorating properties could be exploited for clinical usability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Sahu
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Debasis Sahu, ; Ranjan Kumar Nanda, ; Amulya Kumar Panda,
| | - Subasa Chandra Bishwal
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Md. Zubbair Malik
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sukanya Sahu
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Rai Kaushik
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Ekta Saini
- Malaria Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Arya
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Shanta Sen
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - R. K. Brojen Singh
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Chuan-Ju Liu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ranjan Kumar Nanda
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Debasis Sahu, ; Ranjan Kumar Nanda, ; Amulya Kumar Panda,
| | - Amulya Kumar Panda
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Debasis Sahu, ; Ranjan Kumar Nanda, ; Amulya Kumar Panda,
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Ahmed MZ, Zia Q, Haque A, Alqahtani AS, Almarfadi OM, Banawas S, Alqahtani MS, Ameta KL, Haque S. Aminoglycosides as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease: an in silico drug repurposing study on FDA-approved antiviral and anti-infection agents. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:611-619. [PMID: 33866129 PMCID: PMC7871101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 throughout the world has created an enormous socioeconomic impact. Although there are several promising drug candidates in clinical trials, none is available clinically. Thus, the drug repurposing approach may help to overcome the current pandemic. METHODS The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for cleaving nascent polypeptide chains. Here, FDA-approved antiviral and anti-infection drugs were screened by high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) followed by re-docking with standard-precision (SP) and extra-precision (XP) molecular docking. The most potent drug's binding was further validated by free energy calculations (Prime/MM-GBSA) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. RESULTS Out of 1397 potential drugs, 157 showed considerable affinity toward Mpro. After HTVS, SP, and XP molecular docking, four high-affinity lead drugs (Iodixanol, Amikacin, Troxerutin, and Rutin) with docking energies -10.629 to -11.776kcal/mol range were identified. Among them, Amikacin exhibited the lowest Prime/MM-GBSA energy (-73.800kcal/mol). It led us to evaluate other aminoglycosides (Neomycin, Paramomycin, Gentamycin, Streptomycin, and Tobramycin) against Mpro. All aminoglycosides were bound to the substrate-binding site of Mpro and interacted with crucial residues. Altogether, Amikacin was found to be the most potent inhibitor of Mpro. MD simulations of the Amikacin-Mpro complex suggested the formation of a complex stabilized by hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, and van der Waals interactions. CONCLUSION Aminoglycosides may serve as a scaffold to design potent drug molecules against COVID-19. However, further validation by in vitro and in vivo studies is required before using aminoglycosides as an anti-COVID-19 agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Z Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Qamar Zia
- Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anzarul Haque
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar M Almarfadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Banawas
- Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Keshav L Ameta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Rajasthan 332311, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Cavalcanti BC, Neto JBDA, Silva AADS, Barreto FS, Ferreira JRDO, Magalhães HIF, Silva CRD, Vieira ÍGP, Ricardo NMPS, Nobre Júnior HV, Moraes MO. Chemopreventive effect of troxerutin against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human leukocytes through modulation of glutathione-dependent enzymes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:137-151. [PMID: 33103637 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1836541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Troxerutin is a natural flavonoid present abundantly in tea, coffee, olives, wheat, and a variety of fruits and vegetables. Due to its diverse pharmacological properties, this flavonoid has aroused interest for treatment of various diseases, and consequently prompted investigation into its toxicological characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic and mutagenic effects and chemoprotective activity attributed to troxerutin using human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) through several well-established experimental protocols based upon different parameters. Data demonstrated that troxerutin (100 to 1000 µM) induced no marked cytotoxic effect on PBLs after 24 hr, and did not produce strand breaks and mutagenicity. Regarding chemoprevention, this flavonoid attenuated cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity initiated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human PBLs. Further, troxerutin demonstrated no marked cytotoxic effect on PBLs and exerted a protective effect against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 through modulation of GSH-dependent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - João Batista de Andrade Neto
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory for Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
- Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS) , Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Cecília Rocha da Silva
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory for Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Hélio Vitoriano Nobre Júnior
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory for Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico Moraes
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Živković L, Bajić V, Čabarkapa-Pirković A, Dekanski D, Forbes-Hernández TY, Zlatković-Švenda M, Perry G, Spremo-Potparević B. Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa duch.) Alba extract attenuates DNA damage in lymphocytes of patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13637. [PMID: 33547659 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage are common features in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) found in neurons and peripheral cells like peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Natural products such as strawberry cultivar Alba are an important source of bioactive nutrients that could help in lowering both the oxidative stress and DNA damage levels. The objective was to estimate the effects of Alba extract on DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of sporadic AD (aged 60-84 years) patients, and healthy elderly (aged 69-83 years) and young (aged 21-30 years) individuals in in vitro conditions. Comet assay was used as a sensitive technique for the evaluation of PBL DNA damage levels. Reduction of basal DNA damage level in PBL was shown in the young group after the incubation with Alba extract ranging from 25 to 200 μg/ml, with 100 μg/ml being the most effective concentration. Selected Alba extract of 100 μg/ml was further used for PBL treatment of AD and healthy elderly age matched group, displaying potential to significantly attenuate DNA damage levels in both groups (p < .05). Alba extract displayed biological activity against oxidative DNA damage, suggesting that its functional ingredients may have beneficial health effects. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The data obtained in this preliminary study displayed that strawberry Alba extract is efficient against DNA damage induced by endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Alzheimer`s disease in vitro. An active area of future research of Alba cultivar should be to determine the trials in in vivo systems. Our findings also suggest that Alba cultivar's functional ingredients potentially may have beneficial health effects in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lada Živković
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladan Bajić
- The Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Nuclear Research "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Tamara Yuliett Forbes-Hernández
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Mirjana Zlatković-Švenda
- Clinical Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, The University of Texas, UTSA, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Radioprotective Effect of Flavonoids on Ionizing Radiation-Induced Brain Damage. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235719. [PMID: 33287417 PMCID: PMC7730479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients receiving brain radiotherapy may suffer acute or chronic side effects. Ionizing radiation induces the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system, leading to brain damage. Complementary Chinese herbal medicine therapy may reduce radiotherapy-induced side effects. Flavonoids are a class of natural products which can be extracted from Chinese herbal medicine and have been shown to have neuroprotective and radioprotective properties. Flavonoids are effective antioxidants and can also inhibit regulatory enzymes or transcription factors important for controlling inflammatory mediators, affect oxidative stress through interaction with DNA and enhance genomic stability. In this paper, radiation-induced brain damage and the relevant molecular mechanism were summarized. The radio-neuro-protective effect of flavonoids, i.e., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and maintaining genomic stability, were then reviewed. We concluded that flavonoids treatment may be a promising complementary therapy to prevent radiotherapy-induced brain pathophysiological changes and cognitive impairment.
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Proshkina E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4484. [PMID: 32599754 PMCID: PMC7350017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: 1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; 2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; 3) improving DNA damage response and repair; 4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Ibrahim RR, El-Esawy RO, El-Sakaa MH. Troxerutin downregulates C/EBP-β gene expression via modulating the IFNγ-ERK1/2 signaling pathway to ameliorate rotenone-induced retinal neurodegeneration. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22482. [PMID: 32115830 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Troxerutin, a natural flavonoid guards against oxidative stress and apoptosis with a high capability of passing through the blood-brain barrier. Our aim was to investigate the role of troxerutin in experimentally induced retinal neurodegeneration by modulating the interferon-gamma (IFNγ)-extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2)-CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBP-β) signaling pathway. Three groups of rats (10 each group) were included. Group I (control group), group II (rotenone treated group): the rats were injected subcutaneously with a single rotenone dosage of 3 mg/kg repeated every 48 hours for 60 days to trigger retinal neurodegeneration. Group III (troxerutin-treated group): rats received troxerutin (150 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage 1 hour before rotenone administration. A real-time polymerase chain reaction technique was applied to measure messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of retinal C/EBP-β. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was utilized to assay tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IFNγ, and ERK1/2 levels. Finally, reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as carbonylated protein (CP) levels, were assessed spectrophotometrically. Improved retinal neurodegeneration by downregulation of C/EBP-β mRNA gene expression, also caused a significant reduction of TNF-α, IFNγ, ERK1/2 as well as ROS and CP levels compared with the diseased group. These findings could hold promise for the usage of troxerutin as a protective agent against rotenone-induced retinal neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowida Raafat Ibrahim
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Mervat H El-Sakaa
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Dehnamaki F, Karimi A, Pilevarian AA, Fatemi I, Hakimizadeh E, Kaeidi A, Allahtavakoli M, Rahmani MR, Khademalhosseini M, Bazmandegan G. Treatment with troxerutin protects against cisplatin-induced kidney injury in mice. Acta Chir Belg 2019; 119:31-37. [PMID: 29653502 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2018.1455418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin (CP) is a synthetic and anticancer drug, and one of the major side effects of CP is nephrotoxicity. This study was done to evaluate the renoprotective effects of troxerutin (Tro) in nephrotoxicity induced by CP in male mice. METHODS In this experimental study, 28 male mice were divided randomly into four groups. Mice were treated with CP (20 mg/kg, i.p.) then Tro (75 and 150 mg/kg/day, po) was administered for three consecutive days. Blood samples were collected to determine serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. The kidney tissues were used for histological examination and biochemical assays. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were assessed in renal tissue. RESULTS Results showed a significant increase in the Cr, BUN and MDA levels and a significant decrease in the renal SOD and GPx activity by CP administration. Treatment with Tro for three consecutive days attenuated these changes. Also, the renoprotective effect of the Tro was confirmed by the histological examination of the kidneys. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that Tro has protective effects against CP-induced nephrotoxicity through improving the biochemical indices and the oxidative stress parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akbar Karimi
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Iman Fatemi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Elham Hakimizadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ayat Kaeidi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Allahtavakoli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rahmani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Bazmandegan
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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11
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Shu L, Zhang W, Huang G, Huang C, Zhu X, Su G, Xu J. Troxerutin attenuates myocardial cell apoptosis following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibition of miR-146a-5p expression. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9274-9282. [PMID: 30417352 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanisms of troxerutin on myocardial cell apoptosis during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and I/R model in rats, were established following troxerutin preconditioning. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to examine the messenger RNA miR-146a-5p expression in cardiomyocytes and myocardial tissues. Hemodynamic parameters and serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-10 were evaluated. Infarct size was examined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Besides, myocardial apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the protein levels of caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2. The results showed that, troxerutin decreased rat cardiomyocyte apoptosis during H/R injury. Furthermore, the antiapoptotic effect of troxerutin against I/R injury was mediated by miR-146a-5p downregulation. In vivo experiments suggested that troxerutin alleviated myocardial I/R injury in rats via inhibition of miR-146a-5p. In conclusion, troxerutin exerted cardioprotective effects during I/R injury by downregulating miR-146a-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliang Shu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wanzhe Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gongcheng Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most efficient ways to treat cancer. However, deleterious effects, such as acute and chronic toxicities that reduce the quality of life, may result. Naturally occurring compounds have been shown to be non-toxic over wide dose ranges and are inexpensive and effective. Additionally, pharmacological strategies have been developed that use radioprotectors to inhibit radiation-induced toxicities. Currently available radioprotectors have several limitations, including toxicity. In this review, we present the mechanisms of proven radioprotectors, ranging from free radical scavenging (the best-known mechanism of radioprotection) to molecular-based radioprotection (e.g., upregulating expression of heat shock proteins). Finally, we discuss naturally occurring compounds with radioprotective properties in the context of these mechanisms.
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Prophylactic Use of Troxerutin Can Delay the Development of Diabetic Cognitive Dysfunction and Improve the Expression of Nrf2 in the Hippocampus on STZ Diabetic Rats. Behav Neurol 2018; 2018:8678539. [PMID: 29849815 PMCID: PMC5925137 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8678539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the change in lifestyle and the aging population, the incidence of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes mellitus is rising sharply. Oxidative stress is an important mechanism in the development of diabetic cognitive dysfunction. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the core transcription factor of antioxidative stress. Early prevention and treatment of diabetic cognitive dysfunction can reduce the incidence of dementia and improve the quality of life of diabetic patients. Aim This study was aimed at determining effect of troxerutin on the development of cognitive dysfunction and the expression level of Nrf2 in the hippocampus of streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats, when used in the early preventive stage. Methods An STZ-induced diabetic rat model was established (n = 30), and the animals were randomly divided into 2 groups: diabetic control group (DC, n = 15) and diabetic troxerutin intervention group (DT, n = 15). Another 10 normoglycemic rats were put into a normal control group (NC, n = 10). While the DT group was injected with troxerutin (60 mg/kg), the DC group and the NC group were injected with physiological saline for 12 weeks daily. Learning and memory behaviors were tested using the Morris water maze test. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, mRNA level, and protein level of Nrf2 were measured. Data were collected and analyzed by the statistical software package SPSS 19.0, which included one-way analysis of variance with completely randomized design. Results Learning and memory levels were significantly improved in the DT group compared with the DC group. Moreover, in the DT group, the expression level of Nrf2 in the hippocampus was increased, activity of SOD was elevated, and MDA content was decreased. Conclusion Prophylactic use of troxerutin delays the development of diabetic cognitive dysfunction and increases the expression level of Nrf2 in the hippocampus of STZ diabetic rats.
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Bianchi M, Canavesi R, Aprile S, Grosa G, Del Grosso E. Troxerutin, a mixture of O-hydroxyethyl derivatives of the natural flavonoid rutin: Chemical stability and analytical aspects. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 150:248-257. [PMID: 29258044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Troxerutin (TRX) is a mixture of semisynthetic hydroxyethylrutosides (Hers) arising from hydroxyethylation of rutin, a natural occurring flavonoid. TRX is commonly used for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in chronic venous insufficiency and other vascular disorders. In recent studies, the protective effects of TRX in Alzheimer's disease, colon carcinogenesis and hepatocellular carcinoma are emerged. However, the chemical stability of TRX has never been studied. Hence, the aims of the work were to study the TRX chemical stability through a forced degradation study and to develop and validate a new stability indicating LC-UV method for determination of TRX. In order to perform the study, TRX stability was tested in various stress conditions analysing the degradation samples by LC-MS. Three degradation products (DPs; D1, D2 and D3, 3',4',7-Tri-O-(β-hydroxyethyl)quercetin, 3',4',5,7-Tetra-O-(β-hydroxyethyl)quercetin and 3',4'-Di-O-(β-hydroxyethyl)quercetin respectively) arising from degradation in acidic conditions were identified and synthesized: among them, D1 resulted the stability indicator for hydrolytic degradation. Furthermore, a stability-indicating LC-UV method for simultaneous determination of triHer (3',4',7-Tri-O-(β-hydroxyethyl)rutin, the principal component of the mixture) and D1 was developed and validated. The LC-UV method consisted in a gradient elution on a Phenomenex Kinetex EVO C18 (150 × 3 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile and ammonium bicarbonate buffer (10 mM, pH 9.2). The method was linear for triHer (20-60 μg mL-1) and D1 (5.1-35 μg mL-1). The intraday and interday precision were determined and expressed as RSDs: all the values were ≤ 2% for both triHer and D1. The method demonstrated also to be accurate and robust and the average recoveries were 98.8 and 97.9% for triHer and D1, respectively. Moreover, the method resulted selective and specific for all of the components present in the degradation pattern of TRX (diHer (3',4'-Di-O-(β-hydroxyethyl)rutin), triHer, tetraHer (3',4',5,7-Tetra-O-(β-hydroxyethyl)rutin), D3, D1 and D2) and it was successfully applied for the stability studies of both drug substances and drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bianchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Rossana Canavesi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Grosa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Erika Del Grosso
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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15
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Wang Y, Wei S, Chen L, Pei J, Wu H, Pei Y, Chen Y, Wang D. Transcriptomic analysis of gene expression in mice treated with troxerutin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188261. [PMID: 29190643 PMCID: PMC5708793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Troxerutin, a semi-synthetic derivative of the natural bioflavanoid rutin, has been reported to possess many beneficial effects in human bodies, such as vasoprotection, immune support, anti-inflammation and anti-aging. However, the effects of troxerutin on genome-wide transcription in blood cells are still unknown. In order to find out effects of troxerutin on gene transcription, a high-throughput RNA sequencing was employed to analysis differential gene expression in blood cells consisting of leucocytes, erythrocytes and platelets isolated from the mice received subcutaneous injection of troxerutin. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the expression of only fifteen genes was significantly changed by the treatment with troxerutin, among which 5 genes were up-regulated and 10 genes were down-regulated. Bioinformatic analysis of the fifteen differentially expressed genes was made by utilizing the Gene Ontology (GO), and the differential expression induced by troxerutin was further evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR (Q-PCR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuerong Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratories of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratories of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Lintao Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratories of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jinli Pei
- Hainan Key Laboratories of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Hainan Key Laboratories of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yechun Pei
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Department of Animal Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yibo Chen
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratories of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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16
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Geetha R, Sathiya Priya C, Anuradha CV. Troxerutin abrogates mitochondrial oxidative stress and myocardial apoptosis in mice fed calorie-rich diet. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 278:74-83. [PMID: 28916335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of myocardial apoptosis in metabolic syndrome (MS) patients. In this study, we investigated the effect of troxerutin (TX), an antioxidant on mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptotic markers in heart of mice fed fat and fructose-rich diet. Adult male Mus musculus mice were fed either control diet or high fat, high fructose diet (HFFD) for 60 days to induce MS. Mice from each dietary group were divided into two on the 16th day and were either treated or untreated with TX (150 mg/kg bw, p.o) for the next 45 days. At the end of the study, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, oxidative stress markers, levels of intracellular calcium, cardiolipin content, cytochrome c release and apoptotic markers were examined in the myocardium. HFFD-feeding resulted in diminution of antioxidants and increased ROS production, lipid peroxidation and oxidatively modified adducts of 8-OHG, 4-HNE and 3-NT. Further increase in Ca2+ levels, low levels of calcium transporters and decrease in cardiolipin content were noted. Changes in the mitochondrial structure were observed by electron microscopy. Furthermore, cytochrome c release, increase in proapoptotic proteins (APAF-1, BAX, caspases-9 and-3) and decrease in antiapoptotic protein (BCL-2) in HFFD-fed mice suggest myocardial apoptosis. These changes were significantly restored by TX supplementation. TX administration effectively attenuated cardiac apoptosis and exerted a protective role by increasing antioxidant potential and by improving mitochondrial function. Thus, TX could be a promising therapeutic candidate for treating cardiac disease in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajagopalan Geetha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Carani Venkatraman Anuradha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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17
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Mistry D, Pithawala M. Protective effect of Alstonia scholaris Linn. R. Br. against Bleomycin induced chromosomal damage in cultured human lymphocytes, in vitro. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:162-168. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1329316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhruti Mistry
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Gopal Vidyanagar, Bardoli Mahua Road, Tarsadi, Gujarat, India
| | - Meonis Pithawala
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Gopal Vidyanagar, Bardoli Mahua Road, Tarsadi, Gujarat, India
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18
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Zhang S, Li H, Zhang L, Li J, Wang R, Wang M. Effects of troxerutin on cognitive deficits and glutamate cysteine ligase subunits in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus rats. Brain Res 2017; 1657:355-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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19
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Xu P, Zhang WB, Cai XH, Qiu PY, Hao MH, Lu DD. Activating AKT to inhibit JNK by troxerutin antagonizes radiation-induced PTEN activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 795:66-74. [PMID: 27916554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most effective non-surgical treatments for many tumors. However, radiation damage remains a major negative consequence of radiotherapy. At present, radio-protective effect of troxerutin has been confirmed, but the mechanism of this radioprotection has not been elucidated. Here, this study showed that troxerutin protected thymus tissue of irradiated mice, and its radio-protective effect on thymocytes was significant in the range of 0.625-10μg/ml. Troxerutin significantly inhibited apoptosis of irradiated thymocytes at the concentration of 10μg/ml. Computer-aided drug design was used to investigate potential candidate targets for troxerutin, and an excellent correlation was identified between troxerutin and AKT (Pharm mapper and KEGG signal pathway). Troxerutin inhibited the activation of PTEN to stimulate AKT, which in turn prevented the activation of JNK to protect cells. Our results showed that troxerutin enhanced radioprotection at least partially by activating AKT to inhibit the activation of JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
| | - Wen-Bo Zhang
- Synthetic Biology Remaking Engineering and Application Laboratory, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Xin-Hua Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Pei-Yong Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Ming-Hua Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Dan-Dan Lu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
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20
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The in vivo antineoplastic and therapeutic efficacy of troxerutin on rat preneoplastic liver: biochemical, histological and cellular aspects. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:2353-2366. [PMID: 27488610 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Troxerutin (TXER), a trihydroxyethylated derivative of the natural bioflavonoid rutin, abundantly found in tea, various fruits and vegetables, is known to exhibit ample pharmacological properties. In the present investigation, we examined the antineoplastic, therapeutic efficacy and furthermore the possible mechanisms of action of TXER against NAFLD/NASH progression to hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS The effect of TXER (12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg b.w/day) was evaluated on the nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) model of hepatocarcinogenesis in rats, after 16 weeks of oral treatment, with special focus on liver specific enzymes, xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation profile, DNA damage, fibrosis, cell proliferation and inflammatory status. RESULTS Administration of TXER to hepatocellular carcinoma-bearing rats restored the enzyme activities and the hepatic architecture. Furthermore, TXER significantly curtailed NDEA-induced DNA damage, cell proliferation, inflammation, fibrosis and hepatic hyperplasia. CONCLUSION This study provides the evidence that troxerutin exerts a significant therapeutic effect against liver cancer by modulating liver function enzymes, xenobiotic enzymes, oxidative damage, inhibiting cell proliferation, suppressing inflammatory response and induction of apoptosis.
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Panat NA, Singh BG, Maurya DK, Sandur SK, Ghaskadbi SS. Troxerutin, a natural flavonoid binds to DNA minor groove and enhances cancer cell killing in response to radiation. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 251:34-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Panat NA, Maurya DK, Ghaskadbi SS, Sandur SK. Troxerutin, a plant flavonoid, protects cells against oxidative stress-induced cell death through radical scavenging mechanism. Food Chem 2016; 194:32-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Smina TP, Joseph J, Janardhanan KK. Ganoderma lucidum total triterpenes prevent γ-radiation induced oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice in vivo. Redox Rep 2016; 21:254-61. [PMID: 26817677 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2015.1126098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The in vivo radio-protective effect of total triterpenes isolated from Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) P. Karst was evaluated using Swiss albino mice, by pre-treatment with total triterpenes for 14 days, followed by a whole body exposure to γ-radiation. METHODS The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) were analysed in liver and brain homogenates. The extent of lipid and protein peroxidation was also estimated in liver and brain homogenates after irradiation. Protection of radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes and bone marrow cells was assessed using the comet assay. RESULTS Total triterpenes were highly effective in reducing the levels of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation to near normal values in both liver and brain tissues. Total triterpenes, when administered in vivo, were also found to be successful in restoring the antioxidant enzyme activities and GSH level in liver and brain of irradiated mice. Administration of total triterpenes, prior to radiation exposure, significantly decreased the DNA strand breaks. DISCUSSION The results of the present study thus revealed the potential therapeutic use of Ganoderma total triterpenes as an adjuvant in radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Smina
- a Amala Cancer Research Centre , Thrissur , Kerala , India.,b CeNTAB, SASTRA University , Thanjavur , Tamilnadu , India
| | - Jini Joseph
- a Amala Cancer Research Centre , Thrissur , Kerala , India.,c St. Peter's College , Ernakulam , Kerala , India
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Geetha R, Radika MK, Priyadarshini E, Bhavani K, Anuradha CV. Troxerutin reverses fibrotic changes in the myocardium of high-fat high-fructose diet-fed mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 407:263-79. [PMID: 26077659 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A previous study from our laboratory showed that troxerutin (TX) provides cardioprotection by mitigating lipid abnormalities in a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD)-fed mice model of metabolic syndrome (MS). The present study aims to investigate the reversal effect of TX on the fibrogenic changes in the myocardium of HFFD-fed mice. Adult male Mus musculus mice were grouped into four and fed either control diet or HFFD for 60 days. Each group was divided into two, and the mice were either treated or untreated with TX (150 mg/kg bw, p.o) from the 16th day. HFFD-fed mice showed marked changes in the electrocardiographic data. Increased levels of myocardial superoxide, p22phox subunit of NADPH oxidase, transforming growth factor (TGF), smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-9 and -2, and decreased levels of tissue inhibitors of MMPs-1 and -2 were observed. Furthermore, degradation products of troponin I and myosin light chain-1 were observed in the myocardium by immunoblotting. Rise in collagen was observed by hydroxyproline assay, while fibrotic changes were noticed by histology and Western blotting. Hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and myocardial calcium accumulation were also observed in HFFD-fed mice. TX treatment exerted cardioprotective and anti-fibrotic effects in HFFD-fed mice by improving cardiac contractile function, reducing superoxide production and by favorably modifying the fibrosis markers. These findings suggest that TX could be cardioprotective through its antioxidant and antifibrogenic actions. This new finding could pave way for translation studies to human MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajagopalan Geetha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Badalzadeh R, Layeghzadeh N, Alihemmati A, Mohammadi M. Beneficial effect of troxerutin on diabetes-induced vascular damages in rat aorta: histopathological alterations and antioxidation mechanism. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2015; 13:e25969. [PMID: 25926856 PMCID: PMC4386231 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.25969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is associated with micro- and macro-vascular complications affecting several organs. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the etiology of vascular disease in diabetes. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of troxerutin on diabetes-induced histopathological damages in rat aorta with focusing on its antioxidative actions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8/each): control, control plus troxerutin, diabetic and diabetic plus troxerutin. Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) and lasted for 10 weeks. Troxerutin was administered orally in concentration of 150 mg/kg/daily for one month before killing rats. At the end of treatment period, thoracic aorta was isolated and divided into two parts; one part was immersed in 10% formalin for histopathological evaluations and the other was frozen by liquid nitrogen for assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA, the main product of lipid peroxidation), activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). RESULTS Lipid deposition in tunica intimae and media, thickening and structural deformity of vascular tissues as well as the level of plasma glucose and aortic tissue levels of lipid peroxidation were significantly increased in diabetic rats compared to control ones (P < 0.05). Troxerutin significantly reduced the severity of all vascular histopathological damages in treated versus untreated diabetic rats. In addition, treatment of diabetic rats with troxerutin significantly decreased the levels of MDA (5.1 ± 0.3 vs. 9.3 ± 1.2 nmol/mL) (P < 0.01) and increased the activity of antioxidant enzyme GPX compared to untreated-diabetic groups. CONCLUSIONS Troxerutin may reduce the vascular complications and tissue injuries induced by chronic diabetes in rat aorta through increasing the activity of tissue antioxidant system and reducing the level of lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Badalzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Nayeleh Layeghzadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Alireza Alihemmati
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Alireza Alihemmati, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-4133364664, E-mail:
| | - Mustafa Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
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Troxerutin improves hepatic lipid homeostasis by restoring NAD(+)-depletion-mediated dysfunction of lipin 1 signaling in high-fat diet-treated mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:74-86. [PMID: 25026599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidences suggest that NAD(+) depletion leads to abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the contributing mechanism is not well understood. Our previous study showed that troxerutin, a trihydroxyethylated derivative of natural bioflavonoid rutin, effectively inhibited obesity, and normalized hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in high-cholesterol diet-induced diabetic mice. Here we investigated whether troxerutin improved hepatic lipid metabolism via preventing NAD(+) depletion in HFD-induced NAFLD mouse model and the mechanisms underlying these effects. Our results showed that troxerutin markedly prevented obesity, liver steatosis and injury in HFD-fed mice. Troxerutin largely suppressed oxidative stress-mediated NAD(+)-depletion by increasing nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) protein expression and decreasing poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) protein expression and activity in HFD-treated mouse livers. Consequently, troxerutin remarkably restored Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog1 (SirT1) protein expression and activity in HFD-treated mouse livers. Therefore, troxerutin promoted SirT1-mediated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation to inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, which enhanced nuclear lipin 1 localization, lowered cytoplasmic lipin 1 localization and the ratio of hepatic Lpin 1β/α. Ultimately, troxerutin improved lipid homeostasis by enhancing fatty acid oxidation and triglyceride secretion, and suppressing lipogenesis in HFD-fed mouse livers. In conclusion, troxerutin displayed beneficial effects on hepatic lipid homeostasis in HFD-induced NAFLD by blocking oxidative stress to restore NAD(+)-depletion-mediated dysfunction of lipin 1 signaling. This study provides novel mechanistic insights into NAFLD pathogenesis and indicates that troxerutin is a candidate for pharmacological intervention of NAFLD via restoring NAD(+) levels.
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Effect of troxerutin on insulin signaling molecules in the gastrocnemius muscle of high fat and sucrose-induced type-2 diabetic adult male rat. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 395:11-27. [PMID: 24880482 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Troxerutin is a trihydroxyethylated derivative of the flavonoid, rutin. It has been reported to possess the hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperlipidemic activities. Troxerutin treatment reduced the blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in high-cholesterol-induced insulin-resistant mice and in type-2 diabetic patients. However, the mechanism by which it exhibits antidiabetic property was unknown. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of troxerutin on insulin signaling molecules in gastrocnemius muscle of high fat and sucrose-induced type-2 diabetic rats. Wistar male albino rats were selected and divided into five groups. Group I: Control. Group II: High fat and sucrose-induced type-2 diabetic rats. Group III: Type-2 diabetic rats treated with troxerutin (150 mg/kg body weight/day orally). Group IV: Type-2 diabetic rats treated with metformin (50 mg/kg body weight/day orally). Group V: Normal rats treated with troxerutin (150 mg/kg body weight/day orally). After 30 days of treatment, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance, serum lipid profile, and the levels of insulin signaling molecules, glycogen, glucose uptake, and oxidation in gastrocnemius muscle were assessed. Diabetic rats showed impairment in insulin signaling molecules (IR, p-IRS-1(Tyr632), p-Akt(Ser473), β-arrestin-2, c-Src, p-AS160(Thr642), and GLUT4 proteins), glycogen concentration, glucose uptake, and oxidation. Oral administration of troxerutin showed near normal levels of blood glucose, serum insulin, lipid profile, and insulin signaling molecules as well as GLUT4 proteins in type-2 diabetic rats. It is concluded from the present study that troxerutin may play a significant role in the management of type-2 diabetes mellitus, by improving the insulin signaling molecules and glucose utilization in the skeletal muscle.
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LEE KWANGSIK, CHA HWAJUN, LEE GHANGTAI, LEE KUNKOOK, HONG JINTAE, AHN KYUJOONG, AN INSOOK, AN SUNGKWAN, BAE SEUNGHEE. Troxerutin induces protective effects against ultraviolet B radiation through the alteration of microRNA expression in human HaCaT keratinocyte cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:934-42. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Vinothkumar R, Vinoth Kumar R, Karthikkumar V, Viswanathan P, Kabalimoorthy J, Nalini N. Oral supplementation with troxerutin (trihydroxyethylrutin), modulates lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:174-184. [PMID: 24355798 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the chemopreventive potential of troxerutin on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced rat colon carcinogenesis by evaluating the antioxidant and lipid peroxidation (LPO) status. Rats were randomly divided into six groups. Group I rats served as control. Group II rats received troxerutin (50 mg/kgb.w., p.o.) for 16 weeks. Groups III-VI rats received subcutaneous injections of DMH (20 mg/kgb.w., s.c.) once a week, for the first 4 weeks. In addition to DMH, groups IV-VI rats received troxerutin at the doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kgb.w., respectively. In DMH treated rats, our results showed decreased activities of antioxidants and increased levels of LPO in the liver. Moreover, LPO and antioxidants in the colon were found to be significantly diminished in DMH the treated rats. Furthermore, enhanced activity of colonic vitamin C and vitamin E levels were observed in DMH alone treated rats (group III), which was significantly reversed on troxerutin supplementation. Troxerutin at the dose of 25 mg/kgb.w. had shown profound beneficial effects by exhibiting near normal biochemical profile and well-preserved colon histology as compared to the other two tested doses (12.5 and 50 mg/kgb.w.). These findings suggest that troxerutin could serve as a novel agent for colon cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vinothkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Vinoth Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Karthikkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Viswanathan
- Department of Pathology, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Kabalimoorthy
- Department of Surgery, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Nalini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Geetha R, Yogalakshmi B, Sreeja S, Bhavani K, Anuradha CV. Troxerutin suppresses lipid abnormalities in the heart of high-fat–high-fructose diet-fed mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 387:123-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Vinothkumar R, Vinoth Kumar R, Sudha M, Viswanathan P, Balasubramanian T, Nalini N. Modulatory effect of troxerutin on biotransforming enzymes and preneoplasic lesions induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rat colon carcinogenesis. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 96:15-26. [PMID: 24512697 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most global oncologic problem faced by medical fraternity. Troxerutin, a flavonoid present in tea, coffee, cereal grains, and a variety of fruits and vegetables, exhibits various pharmacological and biological activities. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of troxerutin on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, colonic bacterial enzymes and the development of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced experimental rat colon carcinogenesis. Male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 served as control. Group 2 received troxerutin (50 mg/kg b.w., p.o. every day) for 16 weeks. Groups 3-6 received subcutaneous injections of DMH (20 mg/kg b.w.) once a week, for the first four weeks. In addition, groups 4-6 received different doses of troxerutin (12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg b.w., p.o. every day respectively) along with DMH injections. Our results reveal that DMH treated rats exhibited elevated activities of phase I enzymes such as cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5, cytochrome P4502E1, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase and reduced activities of phase II enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST), DT-diaphorase (DTD) and uridine diphospho glucuronyl transferase (UDPGT) in the liver and colonic mucosa of control and experimental rats. Furthermore, the activities of fecal and colonic mucosal bacterial enzymes, such as β-glucronidase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase and mucinase were found to be significantly higher in DMH alone treated rats than those of the control rats. On supplementation with troxerutin to DMH treated rats, the alterations in the activities of the biotransforming enzymes, bacterial enzymes and the pathological changes were significantly reversed, the effect being more pronounced when troxerutin was supplemented at the dose of 25 mg/kg b.w. Thus troxerutin could be considered as a good chemopreventive agent against the formation of preneoplastic lesions in a rat model of colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajamanickam Vinothkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajenderan Vinoth Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mani Sudha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Periyaswamy Viswanathan
- Department of Pathology, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangavel Balasubramanian
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Centre for Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Namasivayam Nalini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Maurya DK, Devasagayam TPA. Ferulic Acid Inhibits Gamma Radiation-Induced DNA Strand Breaks and Enhances the Survival of Mice. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2013; 28:51-7. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Maurya
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Apigenin ameliorates gamma radiation-induced cytogenetic alterations in cultured human blood lymphocytes. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 747:71-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ping X, Junqing J, Junfeng J, Enjin J. Radioprotective effects of troxerutin against gamma irradiation in mice liver. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 88:607-12. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.692494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Stuard S, Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Dugall M, Ledda A, Cacchio M, Ricci A, Ippolito E, Di Renzo A, Grossi MG. Five-year treatment of chronic venous insufficiency with O-(β-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides: safety aspects. Int J Angiol 2012; 17:143-8. [PMID: 22477419 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1278299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), and related signs and symptoms of venous and diabetic microangiopathy, can be effectively treated with O-(β-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides (HR). The aim of the present independent registry study was to evaluate HR in a long-term (five-year) period of administration that examined the tolerability and safety of HR. Patients with severe CVI and venous microangiopathy were included in the registry. Subjects who completed five years of treatment were considered in the analysis. Blood parameters, liver and renal function tests, microalbuminuria (in diabetic patients) and cholesterol levels were evaluated to assess the effects of HR treatment. Four groups were studied - group A (98 patients) received oral HR (1500 mg per day), group B (87 diabetic patients with CVI) was treated with 2 g of HR per day, group C (90 controls, including 42 diabetic patients) had no pharmacological treatment and group D (113 patients, including 48 diabetic patients) used elastic stockings. No significant negative changes in blood parameters were recorded at two and five years. Decreases in microalbuminuria and total cholesterol, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed in HR-treated patients, particularly in diabetic patients. Minimal (nonsignificant) variations were observed in the groups that did not use HR. In conclusion, HR treatment is safe, and some positive effects from HR on cholesterol levels and microalbuminuria (in diabetic patients) that were previously observed may suggest potential new clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stuard
- Unitá Operative Dialisi/Diaferesi, L'Aquila
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Khan NM, Sandur SK, Checker R, Sharma D, Poduval TB, Sainis KB. Pro-oxidants ameliorate radiation-induced apoptosis through activation of the calcium-ERK1/2-Nrf2 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:115-28. [PMID: 21530647 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
There are no reports describing the ability of pro-oxidants to protect against radiation-induced apoptosis. Activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 by low levels of ROS is known to protect against oxidative stress-induced cell death. In this study, hydrogen peroxide, diethylmaleate, and 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ) exhibited complete protection against radiation-induced cell death in lymphocytes as estimated by propidium iodide staining. Radioprotection by NQ was demonstrated by inhibition of caspase activation, decrease in cell size, DNA fragmentation, nuclear blebbing, and clonogenic assay. Interestingly, NQ offered protection to lymphocytes even when added to cells postirradiation. NQ increased intracellular ROS levels and decreased GSH levels. NQ activated Nrf2 and increased the expression of the cytoprotective gene heme oxygenase-1 in lymphocytes. NQ increased ERK phosphorylation, which is upstream of Nrf2, and this ERK activation was through increased intracellular calcium levels. Administration of NQ to mice offered protection against whole-body irradiation (WBI)-induced apoptosis in splenic lymphocytes and loss of viability of spleen and bone marrow cells. It restored WBI-mediated changes in hematological parameters and functional responses of lymphocytes. Importantly, NQ rescued mice against WBI-induced mortality. These results demonstrated that a pro-oxidant such as NQ can protect against radiation-induced apoptosis by activation of multiple prosurvival mechanisms including activation of the calcium-ERK1/2-Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir M Khan
- Bio-Medical Group, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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An YS, Lee E, Kang MH, Hong HS, Kim MR, Jang WS, Son Y, Yi JY. Substance P stimulates the recovery of bone marrow after the irradiation. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1204-13. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Cui X, Zhang M, Guan X, Yin L, Sun Y, Fawcett JP, Gu J. LC–MS–MS Determination of Troxerutin in Plasma and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-010-1827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nair GG, Nair CKK. Protection of Cellular DNA and Membrane from γ-Radiation–Induced Damages and Enhancement in DNA Repair by Sesamol. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2010; 25:629-35. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2010.0803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Liu CM, Ma JQ, Lou Y. Chronic administration of troxerutin protects mouse kidney against d-galactose-induced oxidative DNA damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2809-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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A comparison of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides, DNA fragments and AAV-1 for targeted episomal and chromosomal gene repair. BMC Biotechnol 2009; 9:35. [PMID: 19379497 PMCID: PMC2676283 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-9-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current strategies for gene therapy of inherited diseases consist in adding functional copies of the gene that is defective. An attractive alternative to these approaches would be to correct the endogenous mutated gene in the affected individual. This study presents a quantitative comparison of the repair efficiency using different forms of donor nucleic acids, including synthetic DNA oligonucleotides, double stranded DNA fragments with sizes ranging from 200 to 2200 bp and sequences carried by a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV-1). Evaluation of each gene repair strategy was carried out using two different reporter systems, a mutated eGFP gene or a dual construct with a functional eGFP and an inactive luciferase gene, in several different cell systems. Gene targeting events were scored either following transient co-transfection of reporter plasmids and donor DNAs, or in a system where a reporter construct was stably integrated into the chromosome. Results In both episomal and chromosomal assays, DNA fragments were more efficient at gene repair than oligonucleotides or rAAV-1. Furthermore, the gene targeting frequency could be significantly increased by using DNA repair stimulating drugs such as doxorubicin and phleomycin. Conclusion Our results show that it is possible to obtain repair frequencies of 1% of the transfected cell population under optimized transfection protocols when cells were pretreated with phleomycin using rAAV-1 and dsDNA fragments.
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Fan SH, Zhang ZF, Zheng YL, Lu J, Wu DM, Shan Q, Hu B, Wang YY. Troxerutin protects the mouse kidney from d-galactose-caused injury through anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 9:91-6. [PMID: 19000936 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of troxerutin against D-galactose (D-gal)-induced renal injury in mice. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections of kidneys revealed D-gal could cause renal injury and troxerutin could significantly attenuate the injury. We further investigated the mechanisms involved in the protective effects of troxerutin on mouse kidney. The following antioxidant defense enzymes were measured: cytosolic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The content of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) was also analyzed. In D-gal-treated mice, antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly decreased and the level of MDA was significantly higher than those in the vehicle controls. Our results indicated that the protective effect of troxerutin against D-gal induced renal injury might be caused, at least in part, by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes with a reduction in lipid peroxidation product. Furthermore, we also examined the inflammatory signal mediators of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostanoid receptor subtype EP2 by Western blot. After treatment with D-gal, the NF-kappaB p65, iNOS, COX-2 and EP2 were markedly upregulated. Upon co-treatment with the troxerutin, however, the expressions of the NF-kappaB p65, iNOS, COX-2 and EP2 markedly reduced, compared to D-gal treatment alone. These results indicated that troxerutin has significantly inhibitory effects on the NF-kappaB-mediated inflammatory response. These findings suggest troxerutin could attenuate renal injury induced by D-gal probably through its antioxidant and anti-inflammation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
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Stoner GD, Wang LS, Casto BC. Laboratory and clinical studies of cancer chemoprevention by antioxidants in berries. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:1665-74. [PMID: 18544560 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a major cause of cellular injury in an increasing number of diseases, including cancer. Most ROS are created in the cell through normal cellular metabolism. They can be produced by environmental insults such as ultraviolet light and toxic chemicals, as well as by the inflammatory process. Interception of ROS or limiting their cellular effects is a major role of antioxidants. Due to their content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, berries exhibit high antioxidant potential, exceeding that of many other foodstuffs. Through their ability to scavenge ROS and reduce oxidative DNA damage, stimulate antioxidant enzymes, inhibit carcinogen-induced DNA adduct formation and enhance DNA repair, berry compounds have been shown to inhibit mutagenesis and cancer initiation. Berry constituents also influence cellular processes associated with cancer progression including signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. This review article summarizes laboratory and human studies, demonstrating the protective effects of berries and berry constituents on oxidative and other cellular processes leading to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary David Stoner
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio StateUniversity, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Maurya DK, Adhikari S, Nair CKK, Devasagayam TPA. DNA protective properties of vanillin against γ-radiation under different conditions: Possible mechanisms. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2007; 634:69-80. [PMID: 17644025 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is an important genotoxic agent. Protecting against this form of toxicant, especially by a dietary component, has several potential applications. In the present study, we have examined the ability of vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde), a naturally occurring food flavouring agent, to inhibit radiation-induced DNA damage measured as strand breaks under in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo conditions besides the possible mechanisms behind the observed protection. Our study showed that there was a concentration-dependent inhibition of the disappearance of super-coiled (ccc) form of plasmid pBR322 (in vitro) upon exposure to 50 Gy of gamma-radiation. Presence of 0.5 mM vanillin has a dose-modifying factor (DMF) of 6.75 for 50% inactivation of ccc form. Exposure of human peripheral blood leucocytes (ex vivo) to gamma-radiation causes strand breaks in the cellular DNA, as assessed by comet assay. When leucocytes were exposed to 2 Gy of gamma-radiation there was an increase in parameters of comet assay such as %DNA in tail, tail length, 'tail moment' and 'Olive tail moment'. The presence of 0.5 mM vanillin during irradiation significantly reduced these parameters. Damage to DNA in mouse peripheral blood leucocytes after whole-body exposure of mice (in vivo) to gamma-radiation was studied at 1 and 2 h post-irradiation. There was recovery of DNA damage in terms of the above-mentioned parameters at 2 h post-irradiation. This was more than that observed at 1 h. The recovery was more in vanillin treated mice. Hence our studies showed that vanillin offers protection to DNA against radiation-induced damage possibly imparting a role other than modulation of DNA repair. To examine the possible mechanisms of radioprotection, in terms of radiation-derived radicals, we carried out the reaction of vanillin with ABTS*(+) radical spectrophotometrically besides with DNA peroxyl and carbonyl radicals by using pulse radiolysis. Our present investigations show that vanillin has ability to protect against DNA damage in plasmid pBR322, human and mouse peripheral blood leucocytes and splenic lymphocytes besides enhancing survival in splenic lymphocytes against gamma-radiation, and that the possible mechanism may involve scavenging of radicals generated during radiation, apart from modulation of DNA repair observed earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Maurya
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Harikumar KBN, Kuttan R. An extract of Phyllanthus amarus protects mouse chromosomes and intestine from radiation induced damages. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2007; 48:469-476. [PMID: 17917369 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.07039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We reported earlier on our preliminary study of the radioprotective effect of Phyllanthus amarus (P.amarus) in mice. P.amarus was found to inhibit the myelosuppression and elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the blood and liver. In the present study we have evaluated the protective effect of P.amarus against radiation-induced changes in the intestine and mouse chromosomal damage. P.amarus at concentrations of 250 & 750 mg/Kg. b. wt were found to elevate the antioxidant enzymes in the intestine and decrease the lipid peroxidation levels. Histopathological evaluations of the intestine revealed decreased damage to intestinal cells, demonstrating that P.amarus protected the intestine. The genotoxic effects of radiation on mouse chromosomes were evaluated by assaying the micronuclei formation and chromosomal aberrations. P.amarus was found to protect the clastogenic effects of radiation as seen from decreased number of micronuclei. The administration of P.amarus was also found to decrease the percentage of chromosomal aberrations. Based on our present and previous reports it could be concluded that P.amarus extract has significant radioprotective activity.
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Maurya DK, Nair CKK. Preferential radioprotection to DNA of normal tissues by ferulic acid under ex vivo and in vivo conditions in tumor bearing mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 285:181-90. [PMID: 16477369 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-005-9079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2005] [Accepted: 11/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that ferulic acid (FA) offered good radioprotection under in vitro and in vivo conditions to DNA and enhanced the DNA repair process in the peripheral blood leucocytes of mice in vivo. This study concerns radioprotection of normal versus tumor cells. Administration of FA (50 mg/kg body weight) to mice bearing fibrosarcoma tumor, 1 h prior to/ or immediately after radiation exposure (4 Gy) showed preferential radioprotection to normal cells i.e. peripheral blood leucocytes and bone marrow cells in comparison to tumor cells. This preferential protection under in vivo conditions could be attributed to poor vasculature in the tumor or peculiar characteristics of the tumor cells either to restrict its entry inside the cells or metabolize or inactivate the drug. To resolve these ex vivo study was carried out using bone marrow and tumor cells. It was found that under ex vivo condition also only bone marrow cells were protected by FA. Thus the studies revealed that FA showed preferential protection to normal cells under both in vivo and ex vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Maurya
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, Maharashtra, India
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Liu F, Xu Y, Rui L, Gao S, Dong H, Guo Q. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay for the quantification of troxerutin in human plasma. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:3522-6. [PMID: 17072901 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to quantify troxerutin in human plasma. The analyte and rutin, used as the internal standard, were analyzed on a Phenomenex Synergi Fusion RP column interfaced with a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer using positive electrospray ionization. Acetonitrile/water (20:80 v/v) was used as the isocratic mobile phase, with 0.1% formic acid in water. A simple sample preparation method of protein precipitation with perchloric acid was employed. The assay was linear over the concentration range 31.25-4000 pg/mL. Correlation coefficients generated by linear regression with a 1/x(2) weighting factor ranged from 0.9991 to 0.9996. The intra- and inter-day precision over the entire concentration range were less than 12.28%. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of a 300 mg troxerutin drop pill to 18 healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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