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Ma G, Zuo Z, Li H, Zhai X, Wang T, Wang J. Comparative analysis of the liver transcriptome in the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) post exposure to noise. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305858. [PMID: 39088466 PMCID: PMC11293744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to noise can cause non-auditory health problems and has been widely studied in mammals such as rats and rabbits. However, the non-auditory effects of noise exposure on reptiles (such as red-eared sliders) remain unclear. In this study, we determined the noise exposure-induced transcriptomic changes in the liver of red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) using Illumina Novaseq6000 sequencing technology. The transcriptome analysis identified 176 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism. KEGG analysis showed that by affecting the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway these DEGs increased lipid synthesis and decreased lipid oxidation. The Oil Red O staining results validated our data that noise exposure increased hepatic lipid deposition. Thus, noise exposure may lead to lipid accumulation and toxicity, mitochondrial damage, and accelerated oxidative stress. Our findings provide insights into the molecular process underlying non-auditory damage caused by noise exposure in T. scripta elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Ziye Zuo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Handong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Tongliang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Jichao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
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Hu H, Huang Y, Li A, Mi Q, Wang K, Chen L, Zhao Z, Zhang Q, Bai X, Pan H. Effects of different energy levels in low-protein diet on liver lipid metabolism in the late-phase laying hens through the gut-liver axis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:98. [PMID: 38987834 PMCID: PMC11238517 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The energy/protein imbalance in a low-protein diet induces lipid metabolism disorders in late-phase laying hens. Reducing energy levels in the low-protein diet to adjust the energy-to-protein ratio may improve fat deposition, but this also decreases the laying performance of hens. This study investigated the mechanism by which different energy levels in the low-protein diet influences liver lipid metabolism in late-phase laying hens through the enterohepatic axis to guide feed optimization and nutrition strategies. A total of 288 laying hens were randomly allocated to the normal-energy and normal-protein diet group (positive control: CK) or 1 of 3 groups: low-energy and low-protein diet (LL), normal-energy and low-protein diet (NL), and high-energy and low-protein diet (HL) groups. The energy-to-protein ratios of the CK, LL, NL, and HL diets were 0.67, 0.74, 0.77, and 0.80, respectively. RESULTS Compared with the CK group, egg quality deteriorated with increasing energy intake in late-phase laying hens fed low-protein diet. Hens fed LL, NL, and HL diets had significantly higher triglyceride, total cholesterol, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase levels, but significantly lower hepatic lipase levels compared with the CK group. Liver transcriptome sequencing revealed that genes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation (ACOX1, HADHA, EHHADH, and ACAA1) were downregulated, whereas genes related to fatty acid synthesis (SCD, FASN, and ACACA) were upregulated in LL group compared with the CK group. Comparison of the cecal microbiome showed that in hens fed an LL diet, Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio were enriched, whereas riboflavin metabolism was suppressed. Cecal metabolites that were most significantly affected by the LL diet included several vitamins, such as riboflavin (vitamin B2), pantethine (vitamin B5 derivative), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), and 4-pyridoxic acid. CONCLUSION A lipid metabolism disorder due to deficiencies of vitamin B2 and pantethine originating from the metabolism of the cecal microbiome may be the underlying reason for fat accumulation in the liver of late-phase laying hens fed an LL diet. Based on the present study, we propose that targeting vitamin B2 and pantethine (vitamin B5 derivative) might be an effective strategy for improving lipid metabolism in late-phase laying hens fed a low-protein diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Anjian Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Qianhui Mi
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Kunping Wang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zelong Zhao
- Shanghai BIOZERON Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- WOD Poultry Research Institute, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xi Bai
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, 233000, China.
| | - Hongbin Pan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Zhang D, Liu F, Al MA, Yang Y, Yu H, Li M, Wu K, Niu M, Wang C, He Z, Yan Q. Nitrogen and sulfur cycling and their coupling mechanisms in eutrophic lake sediment microbiomes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172518. [PMID: 38631637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms play important roles in the biogeochemical cycles of lake sediment. However, the integrated metabolic mechanisms governing nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) cycling in eutrophic lakes remain poorly understood. Here, metagenomic analysis of field and bioreactor enriched sediment samples from a typical eutrophic lake were applied to elucidate the metabolic coupling of N and S cycling. Our results showed significant diverse genes involved in the pathways of dissimilatory sulfur metabolism, denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). The N and S associated functional genes and microbial groups generally showed significant correlation with the concentrations of NH4+, NO2- and SO42, while with relatively low effects from other environmental factors. The gene-based co-occurrence network indicated clear cooperative interactions between N and S cycling in the sediment. Additionally, our analysis identified key metabolic processes, including the coupled dissimilatory sulfur oxidation (DSO) and DNRA as well as the association of thiosulfate oxidation complex (SOX systems) with denitrification pathway. However, the enriched N removal microorganisms in the bioreactor ecosystem demonstrated an additional electron donor, incorporating both the SOX systems and DSO processes. Metagenome-assembled genomes-based ecological model indicated that carbohydrate metabolism is the key linking factor for the coupling of N and S cycling. Our findings uncover the coupling mechanisms of microbial N and S metabolism, involving both inorganic and organic respiration pathways in lake sediment. This study will enhance our understanding of coupled biogeochemical cycles in lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mamun Abdullah Al
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuchun Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huang Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Resources Environment and Safety Engineering, Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kun Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingyang Niu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhili He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qingyun Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Li T, Wei H, Zhang S, Liu X, Xing L, Liu Y, Gong R, Li J. Intermittent cold stimulation affects energy metabolism and improves stress resistance in broiler heart. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103190. [PMID: 37980739 PMCID: PMC10682117 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of intermittent cold stimulation on cardiac energy metabolism and cold resistance of broilers, 288 broilers were divided into 3 groups: control group (CC) and 2 cold stimulation groups (CS3 and CS9). The CS3 and CS9 groups received cold stimulation at temperatures of 3°C and 9°C lower than CC group for 5 h from d 15 to 35. Three groups were subjected to acute cold stress (ACS) of 10°C for 12 and 24 h at 44 d. Performance, cardiac histopathological changes, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and lipid metabolism levels were measured. Results showed that the performance was not different among groups at 22 and 29 d (P > 0.05), but the mRNA levels of Acyl CoA synthase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) and acyl-coenzyme oxidase (ACO) in CS group were upregulated compared to CC group (P < 0.05). At 36 d, the performance of the CS3 group was better than the other 2 groups, myocardial structure was normal and other lipid metabolism indexes, except for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) levels, were similar to those of CC group (P > 0.05). The myocardial fiber disorder, Triglyceride (TG), and leptin (LEP) contents were significantly lower in CS9 group than in CC and CS3 groups at 36 d (P < 0.05). The HSP protein levels were significantly higher in CS group than in CC group before ACS (P < 0.05). After 24 h of ACS, the mRNA of lipid metabolism genes, the protein levels of HSP40 and HSP60, and the contents of TG and LEP in the CS3 group were upregulated compared to other groups. The CC and CS9 groups showed myocardial structure was destroyed, with lower TG and LEP levels compared to before ACS (P < 0.05). Therefore, cold stimulation at 3°C lower than the normal feeding temperature for 5 h did not impair performance but can increase the resistance of broilers to ACS by promoting lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Haidong Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaotao Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lu Xing
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Rixin Gong
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China.
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Cao Z, Gao X, Meng J, Guo X, Xu J, Cui J, Zhou X. ACSL1: A preliminary study that provides a new target for the treatment of renal fibrosis could bring new insights in diabetic kidney disease. Nefrologia 2023; 43 Suppl 2:38-46. [PMID: 38245444 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is the main cause of the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). ACSL1 plays an important role in colon cancer and liver fibrosis. METHODS We screened ACSL1 by proteomics analysis and then verified the expression of ACSL1 in the urine of diabetic nephropathy patients by WB and ELISA. Then, a total of 12db/m and db/db mice were used to verify the association between renal fibrosis and ACSL1. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, Masson staining, and immunostaining were performed for histological studies. The relationship between ACSL1 and renal fibrosis was studied by knocking down ACSL1 in cell experiments. RESULTS The expression of ACSL1 was significantly increased in the exfoliated urine cells and urine supernatant of diabetic nephropathy patients and was closely related to renal function. In addition, the expression of ACSL1 was significantly increased in the renal tissues of db/db mice with fibrosis. Knocking down ACSL1 in HK-2 cells was shown to reverse renal fibrosis induced by high glucose. CONCLUSIONS We found a potential therapeutic target for preventing or ameliorating the progression of DKD fibrosis. Reducing ACSL1 expression may be a new strategy for the treatment of renal fibrosis caused by DKD, which provides an experimental theoretical basis for new drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Junchao Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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Role of ACSL5 in fatty acid metabolism. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13316. [PMID: 36816310 PMCID: PMC9932481 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) are essential energy sources for most body tissues. A fatty acid must be converted to fatty acyl-CoA to oxidize or be incorporated into new lipids. Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 5 (ACSL5) is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial outer membrane, where it catalyzes the formation of fatty acyl-CoAs from long-chain fatty acids (C16-C20). Fatty acyl-CoAs are then used in lipid synthesis or β-oxidation mediated pathways. ACSL5 plays a pleiotropic role in lipid metabolism depending on substrate preferences, subcellular localization and tissue specificity. Here, we review the role of ACSL5 in fatty acid metabolism in multiple metabolic tissues, including the liver, small intestine, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Given the increasing number of studies suggesting the role of ACSL5 in glucose and lipid metabolism, we also summarized the effects of ACSL5 on circulating lipids and insulin resistance.
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Gong R, Xing L, Yin J, Ding Y, Liu X, Bao J, Li J. Appropriate cold stimulation changes energy distribution to improve stress resistance in broilers. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad185. [PMID: 37279534 PMCID: PMC10276644 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate cold stimulation can improve stress resistance in broilers and alleviate the adverse impacts of a cold environment. To investigate the effects of intermittent mild cold stimulation (IMCS) on energy distribution in the livers of broilers, 96 healthy 1-d-old Ross-308 male broilers were randomly divided into the control group (CC) and the cold stimulation group (H5). The CC group was raised at a normal thermal temperature, i.e., 35 °C until 3 d, after which the temperature was dropped gradually by 0.5 °C/d until 20 °C at 33 d. This temperature was maintained until 49 d. The H5 group was raised at the same temperature as the CC group until 14 d (35 to 29.5 °C) and at 3 °C below the temperature of the CC group starting at 0930 hours for 5 h every other day from 15 to 35 d (26 to 17°C). The temperature was returned to 20 °C at 36 d and maintained until 49 d. At 50 d, all broilers were subjected to acute cold stress (ACS) at 10 °C for 6 and 12 h. We found that IMCS had positive effects on production performance. Using transcriptome sequencing of the broiler livers, 327 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified, and highly enriched in fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid degradation, and the pyruvate metabolism pathway. When compared to the CC group, the mRNA levels of ACAA1, ACAT2, ACSL1, CPT1A, LDHB, and PCK1 in the H5 group were increased at 22 d (P < 0.05). The LDHB mRNA level was upregulated in the H5 group at 29 d compared to the CC group (P < 0.05). After 21 d of IMCS (at 36 d), the mRNA expression levels of ACAT2 and PCK1 were found to be significantly increased in the H5 group compared to the CC group (P < 0.05). Seven days after the IMCS had ended (at 43 d), the mRNA levels of ACAA1, ACAT2, and LDHB in the H5 group were higher than in the CC group (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of heat shock protein (HSP) 70, HSP90, and HSP110 in the H5 group were higher than in the CC group after 6 h of ACS (P < 0.05). The protein levels of HSP70 and HSP90 in the H5 group were downregulated after 12 h of ACS, compared to the CC group (P < 0.05). These results indicated that IMCS at 3 °C lower than the normal temperature could improve energy metabolism and stress resistance in the livers of broilers, alleviate the damage of short-term ACS on broilers, help broilers adapt to the low temperature, and maintain stable of energy metabolism in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixin Gong
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Lu Xing
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Jingwen Yin
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Yuqing Ding
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Xiaotao Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
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Effects of Tributyrin Supplementation on Liver Fat Deposition, Lipid Levels and Lipid Metabolism-Related Gene Expression in Broiler Chickens. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122219. [PMID: 36553486 PMCID: PMC9777756 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tributyrin supplementation on liver fat metabolism in broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty broilers were randomly allocated into two experimental groups (6 replicates per treatment; 20 chickens in each replicate): the control group (CN), which received a basal diet, and the tributyrin group (TB), which received a basal diet supplemented with 1 g/kg of tributyrin. The experimental period lasted 37 days. The results showed that in the liver, broilers supplemented with tributyrin had higher content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.05). Liver hepatic lipase (HL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and total lipid (TL) activity were significantly lower than in the TB group than that in the NC group. Meanwhile, the diet supplemented with tributyrin had more lipid droplets than the NC group, whereas the TB and NC groups showed no histological abnormalities in the liver. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α (PPARα), proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), LPL and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in the liver were significantly upregulated in the TB group (p < 0.05), while those of the long-chain acyl-CoA-synthetase 1 (ACSL1) mRNA between the TB group and the NC group were not different (p > 0.05). These findings indicated that the diet supplemented with tributyrin could increase fat deposition appropriately by promoting fat synthesis without causing liver tissue damage, which demonstrated that tributyrin can be considered a valid feed additive for broiler chickens.
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Poudyal NR, Paul KS. Fatty acid uptake in Trypanosoma brucei: Host resources and possible mechanisms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:949409. [PMID: 36478671 PMCID: PMC9719944 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.949409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei spp. causes African Sleeping Sickness in humans and nagana, a wasting disease, in cattle. As T. brucei goes through its life cycle in its mammalian and insect vector hosts, it is exposed to distinct environments that differ in their nutrient resources. One such nutrient resource is fatty acids, which T. brucei uses to build complex lipids or as a potential carbon source for oxidative metabolism. Of note, fatty acids are the membrane anchoring moiety of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchors of the major surface proteins, Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) and the Procyclins, which are implicated in parasite survival in the host. While T. brucei can synthesize fatty acids de novo, it also readily acquires fatty acids from its surroundings. The relative contribution of parasite-derived vs. host-derived fatty acids to T. brucei growth and survival is not known, nor have the molecular mechanisms of fatty acid uptake been defined. To facilitate experimental inquiry into these important aspects of T. brucei biology, we addressed two questions in this review: (1) What is known about the availability of fatty acids in different host tissues where T. brucei can live? (2) What is known about the molecular mechanisms mediating fatty acid uptake in T. brucei? Finally, based on existing biochemical and genomic data, we suggest a model for T. brucei fatty acid uptake that proposes two major routes of fatty acid uptake: diffusion across membranes followed by intracellular trapping, and endocytosis of host lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nava Raj Poudyal
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States,Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center (EPIC), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Kimberly S. Paul
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States,Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center (EPIC), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States,*Correspondence: Kimberly S. Paul,
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Kolieb E, Maher SA, Shalaby MN, Alsuhaibani AM, Alharthi A, Hassan WA, El-Sayed K. Vitamin D and Swimming Exercise Prevent Obesity in Rats under a High-Fat Diet via Targeting FATP4 and TLR4 in the Liver and Adipose Tissue. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13740. [PMID: 36360622 PMCID: PMC9656563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has risen in the last decades, and it has caused massive health burdens on people's health, especially metabolic and cardiovascular issues. The risk of vitamin D insufficiency is increased by obesity, because adipose tissue alters both the requirements for and bioavailability of vitamin D. Exercise training is acknowledged as having a significant and long-term influence on body weight control; the favorable impact of exercise on obesity and obesity-related co-morbidities has been demonstrated via various mechanisms. The current work illustrated the effects of vitamin D supplementation and exercise on obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and hepatic steatosis in rats and explored how fatty acid transport protein-4 (FATP4) and Toll-like receptor-4 antibodies (TLR4) might be contributing factors to obesity and related hepatic steatosis. Thirty male albino rats were divided into five groups: group 1 was fed a normal-fat diet, group 2 was fed an HFD, group 3 was fed an HFD and given vitamin D supplementation, group 4 was fed an HFD and kept on exercise, and group 5 was fed an HFD, given vitamin D, and kept on exercise. The serum lipid profile adipokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were analyzed, and the pathological changes in adipose and liver tissues were examined. In addition, the messenger-ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of FATP4 and immunohistochemical expression of TLR4 in adipose and liver tissues were evaluated. Vitamin D supplementation and exercise improved HFD-induced weight gain and attenuated hepatic steatosis, along with improving the serum lipid profile, degree of inflammation, and serum adipokine levels. The expression of FATP4 and TLR4 in both adipose tissue and the liver was downregulated; it was noteworthy that the group that received vitamin D and was kept on exercise showed also improvement in the histopathological picture of this group. According to the findings of this research, the protective effect of vitamin D and exercise against obesity and HFD-induced hepatic steatosis is associated with the downregulation of FATP4 and TLR4, as well as a reduction in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Kolieb
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Ahmed Maher
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Medicine (CEMCM), Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Amnah Mohammed Alsuhaibani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Alharthi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A. Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Sulaiman Alrajhi University, Al Bukayriyah 52726, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karima El-Sayed
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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11
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Zingale VD, D’Angiolini S, Chiricosta L, Calcaterra V, Selvaggio GGO, Zuccotti G, Destro F, Pelizzo G, Mazzon E. Does Childhood Obesity Trigger Neuroinflammation? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081953. [PMID: 36009499 PMCID: PMC9405861 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is constantly increasing around the world, and it has become a major public health issue. Considerable evidence indicates that overweight and obesity are important risk factors for the development of comorbidities such as cognitive decline, neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. It is known that during obesity, adipose tissue undergoes immune, metabolic and functional changes which could induce a neuroinflammatory response of the central nervous system (CNS). In this context, to inspect if obesity can start to trigger the neuroinflammation from a pediatric age, we surgically collected and analyzed adipose tissue from the periumbilical area of three obese children (AT-OB) and two normal-weight children (AT-Ctrl). We considered the transcriptomic profile of our samples to detect alterations in different biological processes that might be also involved in the inflammatory and neuroinflammatory response. Our results show alterations of lipid and fatty acids metabolism in AT-OB compared to the AT-Ctrl. We also observed an onset of inflammatory response in AT-OB. Interestingly, among the genes involved in neuroinflammation, GRN and SMO were upregulated, while IFNGR1 and SNCA were downregulated. Our study highlights that obesity may trigger inflammation and neuroinflammation from a pediatric age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Domenica Zingale
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Simone D’Angiolini
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Chiricosta
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Destro
- Pediatric Surgery Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Pelizzo
- Pediatric Surgery Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
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12
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Wei H, Movahedi A, Zhang Y, Aghaei-Dargiri S, Liu G, Zhu S, Yu C, Chen Y, Zhong F, Zhang J. Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetases Promote Poplar Resistance to Abiotic Stress by Regulating Long-Chain Fatty Acid Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158401. [PMID: 35955540 PMCID: PMC9369374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (LACSs) catalyze fatty acids (FAs) to form fatty acyl-CoA thioesters, which play essential roles in FA and lipid metabolisms and cuticle wax biosynthesis. Although LACSs from Arabidopsis have been intensively studied, the characterization and function of LACSs from poplar are unexplored. Here, 10 poplar PtLACS genes were identified from the poplar genome and distributed to eight chromosomes. A phylogenetic tree indicated that PtLACSs are sorted into six clades. Collinearity analysis and duplication events demonstrated that PtLACSs expand through segmental replication events and experience purifying selective pressure during the evolutionary process. Expression patterns revealed that PtLACSs have divergent expression changes in response to abiotic stress. Interaction proteins and GO analysis could enhance the understanding of putative interactions among protein and gene regulatory networks related to FA and lipid metabolisms. Cluster networks and long-chain FA (LCFA) and very long-chain FA (VLCFA) content analysis revealed the possible regulatory mechanism in response to drought and salt stresses in poplar. The present study provides valuable information for the functional identification of PtLACSs in response to abiotic stress metabolism in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (H.W.); (G.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Ali Movahedi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Z.); (S.Z.)
- College of Arts and Sciences, Arlington International University, Wilmington, DE 19804, USA
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Soheila Aghaei-Dargiri
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 47916193145, Iran;
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (H.W.); (G.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Sheng Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Chunmei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (H.W.); (G.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (H.W.); (G.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (H.W.); (G.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (H.W.); (G.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.Z.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (J.Z.)
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13
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Roles of IκB kinases and TANK-binding kinase 1 in hepatic lipid metabolism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1697-1705. [PMID: 34848839 PMCID: PMC8639992 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00712-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and is strongly associated with obesity-related ectopic fat accumulation in the liver. Hepatic lipid accumulation encompasses a histological spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Given that dysregulated hepatic lipid metabolism may be an onset factor in NAFLD, understanding how hepatic lipid metabolism is modulated in healthy subjects and which steps are dysregulated in NAFLD subjects is crucial to identify effective therapeutic targets. Additionally, hepatic inflammation is involved in chronic hepatocyte damage during NAFLD progression. As a key immune signaling hub that mediates NF-κB activation, the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, including IKKα, IKKβ, and IKKγ (NEMO), has been studied as a crucial regulator of the hepatic inflammatory response and hepatocyte survival. Notably, TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), an IKK-related kinase, has recently been revealed as a potential link between hepatic inflammation and energy metabolism. Here, we review (1) the biochemical steps of hepatic lipid metabolism; (2) dysregulated lipid metabolism in obesity and NAFLD; and (3) the roles of IKKs and TBK1 in obesity and NAFLD.
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14
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Munir R, Lisec J, Swinnen JV, Zaidi N. Too complex to fail? Targeting fatty acid metabolism for cancer therapy. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101143. [PMID: 34856213 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Given the central role of fatty acids in cancer pathophysiology, the exploitation of fatty acid metabolism as a potential antineoplastic therapy has gained much attention. Several natural and synthetic compounds targeting fatty acid metabolism were hitherto identified, and their effectiveness against cancer cell proliferation and survival was determined. This review will discuss the most clinically viable inhibitors or drugs targeting various proteins or enzymes mapped on nine interconnected fatty acid metabolism-related processes. We will discuss the general significance of each of these processes and the effects of their inhibition on cancer cell progression. Moreover, their mechanisms of action, limitations, and future perspectives will be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Munir
- Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Hormone Lab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jan Lisec
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nousheen Zaidi
- Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Cancer Research Center (CRC), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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15
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Lopes C, Rocha E, Pereira IL, Madureira TV. Deciphering influences of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone on lipid metabolism genes using brown trout primary hepatocytes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 235:105819. [PMID: 33873058 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite of physiological and toxicological relevance, the potential of androgens to influence fish lipid metabolism remains poorly explored. Here, brown trout primary hepatocytes were exposed to six concentrations (1 nM to 100 μM) of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone (T), to assess changes in the mRNA levels of genes covering diverse lipid metabolic pathways. Acsl1, essential for fatty acid activation, was up-regulated by T and DHT, whereas the lipogenic enzymes FAS and ACC were up-regulated by the highest (100 μM) concentration of T and DHT, respectively. ApoA1, the major component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), was down-regulated by both androgens. PPARγ, linked to adipogenesis and peroxisomal β-oxidation, was down-regulated by T and DHT, while Acox1-3I, rate-limiting in peroxisomal β-oxidation, was down-regulated by T. Fabp1, StAR and LPL were not altered. Our findings suggest that androgens may impact on lipid transport, adipogenesis and fatty acid β-oxidation and promote lipogenesis in fish liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Lopes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, P 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, P 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês L Pereira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, P 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia V Madureira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, P 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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16
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Huo W, Weng K, Gu T, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Chen G, Xu Q. Difference in developmental dynamics between subcutaneous and abdominal adipose tissues in goose (Anser Cygnoides). Poult Sci 2021; 100:101185. [PMID: 34192641 PMCID: PMC8253911 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Goose (Anas cygnoides), as a typical species domesticated from a migratory bird, has maintained the capability of depositing excess lipid and preferentially accumulating fat within the abdomen and subcutaneous, which not only leads to decrease in yield of meat product, but also affects the feed conversion rate. Here, an experiment was conducted to examine the difference in developmental dynamics between subcutaneous (SAT) and abdominal adipose tissues (AAT) in goose. The results showed that SAT could be clearly observed at embryonic days (E) 15, whereas AAT were clearer until E20. Although the weights of SAT and AAT showed a significant rising with advancing age (P < 0.05), their gains were not completely uniform, and more adipose deposited preferentially toward AAT after birth (P < 0.05). Additionally, a clear expansion in adipocyte size was observed in AAT and SAT during embryonic stages (P < 0.05). The average adipocyte area in AAT continued to increase after birth (P < 0.05), while the cell areas in SAT were relatively invariable (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the expression levels of FABP4/aP2, ACSL1 and PPARγ were much higher in SAT than in AAT, whereas relative higher expression level of IL-6 was observed in the AAT during embryonic stages. After birth, the more expression of LPL and PPARα were detected in AAT than did in SAT (P < 0.05), whereas greater ATGL expression was in SAT (P < 0.05). Taken together, these findings suggest that AAT may display greater fat storage capacity than SAT accompanied by changes in cell area and lipogenic capacity. Considering that there is disparity in the individual adipose tissues, we suggested that careful consideration for the precise interventions used to control SAT or AAT deposition in meat-producing animals to improve feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kaiqi Weng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tiantian Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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17
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Ayaz A, Saqib S, Huang H, Zaman W, Lü S, Zhao H. Genome-wide comparative analysis of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (LACSs) gene family: A focus on identification, evolution and expression profiling related to lipid synthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 161:1-11. [PMID: 33556720 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In plants, Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (LACSs) play key roles in activating fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA thioesters, which are then further involved in lipid synthesis and fatty acid catabolism. LACSs have been intensively studied in Arabidopsis, but its evolutionary relationship in green plants is unexplored. In this study, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the LACS gene family across green plants followed by phylogenetic clustering analysis, gene structure determination, detection of conserved motifs, gene expression in tissues and subcellular localization. Our results identified LACS genes in 122 plant species including algae, low land plants (i.e., mosses and lycophytes), monocots, and eudicots. In total, 697 sequences were identified, and 629 sequences were selected because of alignment and some duplication errors. The retrieved amino acid sequences ranged from 271 to 1056 residues and diversified in intron/exon patterns in different LACSs. Phylogenetic clustering grouped LACS gene family into six major clades with distinct potential functions. This classification is well supported by examining gene structure and conserved motifs. Also, gene expression analysis and subcellular localization substantiate with clade division in the phylogeny, indicating that the evolutionary pattern is visible in their functionality. Additionally, experimental analysis of lacs2 mutant validated that LACS2 plays key roles in suberin synthesis. Thus, our study not only provides an evolutionary mechanism underlying functional diversification but also lays the foundation for further elucidation of the LACS gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ayaz
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Saddam Saqib
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Haodong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Wajid Zaman
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Shiyou Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Huayan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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18
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Abumrad NA, Cabodevilla AG, Samovski D, Pietka T, Basu D, Goldberg IJ. Endothelial Cell Receptors in Tissue Lipid Uptake and Metabolism. Circ Res 2021; 128:433-450. [PMID: 33539224 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid uptake and metabolism are central to the function of organs such as heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Although most heart energy derives from fatty acids (FAs), excess lipid accumulation can cause cardiomyopathy. Similarly, high delivery of cholesterol can initiate coronary artery atherosclerosis. Hearts and arteries-unlike liver and adrenals-have nonfenestrated capillaries and lipid accumulation in both health and disease requires lipid movement from the circulation across the endothelial barrier. This review summarizes recent in vitro and in vivo findings on the importance of endothelial cell receptors and uptake pathways in regulating FAs and cholesterol uptake in normal physiology and cardiovascular disease. We highlight clinical and experimental data on the roles of ECs in lipid supply to tissues, heart, and arterial wall in particular, and how this affects organ metabolism and function. Models of FA uptake into ECs suggest that receptor-mediated uptake predominates at low FA concentrations, such as during fasting, whereas FA uptake during lipolysis of chylomicrons may involve paracellular movement. Similarly, in the setting of an intact arterial endothelial layer, recent and historic data support a role for receptor-mediated processes in the movement of lipoproteins into the subarterial space. We conclude with thoughts on the need to better understand endothelial lipid transfer for fuller comprehension of the pathophysiology of hyperlipidemia, and lipotoxic diseases such as some forms of cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada A Abumrad
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO (N.A.A., D.S., T.P.)
| | - Ainara G Cabodevilla
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (A.G.C., D.B., I.J.G.)
| | - Dmitri Samovski
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO (N.A.A., D.S., T.P.)
| | - Terri Pietka
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO (N.A.A., D.S., T.P.)
| | - Debapriya Basu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (A.G.C., D.B., I.J.G.)
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (A.G.C., D.B., I.J.G.)
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Li H, Xu W, Wu L, Dong B, Jin J, Han D, Zhu X, Yang Y, Liu H, Xie S. Distinct dietary cadmium toxic effects and defense strategies in two strains of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) revealed by a comprehensive perspective. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127597. [PMID: 32707321 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that gibel carp A strain was more susceptible to herpesvirus infection than other strains. Thus, we hypothesized that F strain might display better defense responses than the A strain against cadmium (Cd) exposure. To test our hypothesis, gibel carp A strain and F strain were exposed to three diets comprising of different concentrations of Cd for 8 weeks to compare their resistances to Cd. Comprehensive evaluations on biochemical, physiological and histological responses were conducted post-exposure. Results showed that no adverse effects and differences were observed on growth in two strains of gibel carp, compromising of the remarkable hepatoxicity-caused liver damage as shown by histological observations. Dietary Cd exposure stimulated antioxidant defense in the liver to counteract the Cd hepatoxicity, especially in the F strain. Activation of ER stress response positively stimulated the autophagy, then triggering apoptosis in fish after dietary Cd exposure. Thus, Cd-induced autophagy served as a protective strategy to alleviate hepatoxicity, but overaction of ER stress also triggered irreparable cell death via apoptosis. Cd induced dysregulation of lipid accumulation, which might be a common mechanism in response to hepatoxicity. Last but not least, the F strain showed stronger response on antioxidant, ER stress and autophagy, but apoptosis were remitted compared with the A strain, implying the F strain showed stronger response but better defense strategies to dietary Cd exposure. Our finding provides useful information for genetic breeding in aquaculture, and ultimately contribute to the safety assessment of aquatic products for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Liyun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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20
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Zhao Z, Abbas Raza SH, Tian H, Shi B, Luo Y, Wang J, Liu X, Li S, Bai Y, Hu J. Effects of overexpression of ACSL1 gene on the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in adipocytes of bovine. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 695:108648. [PMID: 33098867 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There exists a positive correlation between the unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) content in the bovine species and their taste and nutritional significance. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) is known to be involved in lipid synthesis as well as fatty acid transport and degradation. This gene has been identified as the key candidate gene for regulating lipid composition in the bovine skeletal muscle; however, its mechanism of action in regulating UFA synthesis in bovine adipocytes is unclear. In this study, we used a recombinant adenovirus vector (Ad-ACSL1) to overexpress the ACSL1 gene using Ad-NC (recombinant adenovirus of green fluorescent protein) as the control. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was done to examine the gene expression associated with the synthesis of UFA, followed by the analysis of the fatty acid composition. Oil red O staining was done to examine the aggregation of lipid droplets. We found that ACSL1 overexpression was associated with an upregulated expression of PPARγ, FABP3, ACLY, SCD1, and FASN, and downregulated expression of CPT1A. Additionally, ACSL1 overexpression resulted in elevated saturated fatty acid content, especially C16:0 and C18:0, than the control group (Ad-NC cells) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the overexpression of ACSL1 enhanced the proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), decreased the proportion of C22:4, and significantly upregulated polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content. These results were supported by oil red O staining, which revealed an increase in the lipid droplets in bovine adipocytes after the overexpression of the ACSL1 gene. Thus, the results of this study indicated that ACSL1 positively regulated PUFA synthesis in bovine adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology & Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal BiotechnologyGansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Hongshan Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology & Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal BiotechnologyGansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Bingang Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology & Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal BiotechnologyGansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Yuzhu Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology & Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal BiotechnologyGansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Jiqing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology & Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal BiotechnologyGansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Xiu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology & Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal BiotechnologyGansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Shaobin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology & Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal BiotechnologyGansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Yanbin Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology & Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal BiotechnologyGansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Jiang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology & Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal BiotechnologyGansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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21
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Ju Z, Ya J, Li X, Wang H, Zhao H. The effects of chronic cadmium exposure on Bufo gargarizans larvae: Histopathological impairment, gene expression alteration and fatty acid metabolism disorder in the liver. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 222:105470. [PMID: 32199138 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) a highly toxic metal to human and wildlife health and it is hazardous to both terrestrial and aquatic life. In this study, we used RNA sequencing analysis to examine the effects of chronic cadmium exposure on liver lipid metabolism of Bufo gargarizans larvae. Tadpoles were exposed to cadmium concentrations at 0, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 200 μg L-1 from Gosner stage 26-42 of metamorphic climax. The results showed high dose cadmium (50, 100 and 200 μg L-1) caused obvious histological changes characterized by hepatocytes deformation, nuclear pyknosis, increasing melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) and aggregated lipid droplets. Moreover, transcriptome analysis showed that liver function was seriously affected by cadmium exposure. Furthermore, high dose cadmium significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids 1 (ELOVL1), Mitochondrial trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (MECR), Trans-2, 3-enoyl-CoA reductase (TER) and Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase type 12 (HSD17B12) which are related with fatty acid synthesis. Meanwhile, mRNA levels of genes related with fat acid oxidation such as acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2) and enoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) hydratase short chain 1 (ECHS1) were significantly upregulated while the expression of Acyl-coA thioesterase 1 (ACOT1), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH), Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1(PPT1) and Acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1(ACAA1) was significantly downregulated by high dose cadmium exposure. Furthermore, the mRNA level of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 11 (ABCB11) related with bile secretion was significantly decreased exposed to high dose cadmium. Our results suggested cadmium can cause liver dysfunction by inducing histopathological damages, genetic expression alterations and fatty acid metabolism disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqi Ju
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jing Ya
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hongfeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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22
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Chen Y, He L, Yang Y, Chen Y, Song Y, Lu X, Liang Y. The inhibition of Nrf2 accelerates renal lipid deposition through suppressing the ACSL1 expression in obesity-related nephropathy. Ren Fail 2020; 41:821-831. [PMID: 31488013 PMCID: PMC6735294 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2019.1655450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and the incidence of obesity is increasing year by year. Obesity-related nephropathy (ORN) is a common kidney complication of obesity. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases-1, (ACSL1), is a key enzyme in the oxidative metabolism of fatty acids in mitochondria and ACSL1 may play a direct role in renal lipid deposition and promote the progress of ORN. In this study, we focus on the renoprotective role of ACSL1 in ORN. Methods: Electron microscopy, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, Western blot, and real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of ACSL1and Nrf2 in ORN patients, ob/ob mice and palmitic acid (PA)-treated HK-2 cells. Oil red staining and Elisa Kit were used to detect the intracellular FFA and TG contents in ob/ob mice and PA-treated HK-2 cells. Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining and the MDA/SOD measurement were used to detect the ROS production. In order to demonstrate the role of ACSL1 and the interaction between ACSL1 and Nrf2 in ORN, related siRNA and plasmid were transfected into HK-2 cells. Results: More ROS production and renal lipid deposition have been found in ORN patients, ob/ob mice and PA-treated HK-2 cells. Compared with control, all the expression of ACSL1and Nrf2 were down-regulated in ORN patients, ob/ob mice and PA-treated HK-2 cells. The Nrf2 could regulate the expression of ACSL1 and the ACSL1 played the direct role in renal lipid deposition. Conclusions: The Nrf2 is inhibited in ORN, resulting more ROS production and oxidative stress. Increased oxidative stress will suppress the expression of ACSL1, which could increase the intracellular FFA and TG contents, ultimately leading to renal lipid deposition in renal tubulars and accelerating the development of ORN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan , P.R. China
| | - Liyu He
- Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , People's Republic of China
| | - Yiya Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan , P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan , P.R. China
| | - Yanran Song
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan , P.R. China
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan , P.R. China
| | - Yumei Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan , P.R. China
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23
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Local Fatty Acid Channeling into Phospholipid Synthesis Drives Phagophore Expansion during Autophagy. Cell 2019; 180:135-149.e14. [PMID: 31883797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic homeostasis process central for cellular and organismal health. During autophagy, small single-membrane phagophores rapidly expand into large double-membrane autophagosomes to encapsulate diverse cargoes for degradation. It is thought that autophagic membranes are mainly derived from preformed organelle membranes. Instead, here we delineate a pathway that expands the phagophore membrane by localized phospholipid synthesis. Specifically, we find that the conserved acyl-CoA synthetase Faa1 accumulates on nucleated phagophores and locally activates fatty acids (FAs) required for phagophore elongation and autophagy. Strikingly, using isotopic FA tracing, we directly show that Faa1 channels activated FAs into the synthesis of phospholipids and promotes their assembly into autophagic membranes. Indeed, the first committed steps of de novo phospholipid synthesis at the ER, which forms stable contacts with nascent autophagosomes, are essential for autophagy. Together, our work illuminates how cells spatially tune synthesis and flux of phospholipids for autophagosome biogenesis during autophagy.
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24
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Zhao L, Haslam TM, Sonntag A, Molina I, Kunst L. Functional Overlap of Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetases in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1041-1054. [PMID: 30715495 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (LACSs) play diverse and essential roles in lipid metabolism. The genomes of model eukaryotic organisms encode multiple LACS genes, and the substrate specificities of LACS homologs often overlap substantially. Homologous LACSs tend to differ in their expression patterns, localizations, and, by extension, the metabolic pathways to which they contribute. The Arabidopsis genome encodes a family of nine LACS genes, which have been characterized largely by reverse genetic analysis of mutant phenotypes. Because of redundancy, distinguishing the contributions of some Arabidopsis LACS genes has been challenging. Here, we have attempted to clarify the functions of LACSs that functionally overlap by synopsizing the results of previous work, isolating a suite of higher-order mutants that were previously lacking, and analyzing oil, wax, cutin, cuticle permeability, fertility and growth phenotypes. LACS1, LACS2, LACS4, LACS8 and LACS9 all affect cuticular lipid metabolism, but have different precise roles. Seed set, seed weight and storage oil amounts of higher-order lacs1, lacs2, lacs4, lacs8 and lacs9 mutants vary greatly, with these traits subject to different effects of fertility and oil synthesis defects. LACS4, LACS8 and LACS9 have partially redundant roles in development, as lacs4 lacs8 and lacs4 lacs9 double mutants are dwarf. lacs4 lacs8 lacs9 triple mutants were not recovered, and are assumed to be non-viable. Together, these results sketch a complex network of functions and functional interactions within the Arabidopsis LACS gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zhao
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tegan M Haslam
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Annika Sonntag
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Isabel Molina
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Ljerka Kunst
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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25
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Park S, Lee M, Chun CH, Jin EJ. The lncRNA, Nespas, Is Associated with Osteoarthritis Progression and Serves as a Potential New Prognostic Biomarker. Cartilage 2019; 10:148-156. [PMID: 28805067 PMCID: PMC6425538 DOI: 10.1177/1947603517725566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this article, we explored the hypothesis that the long noncoding RNA, Nespas, promotes osteoarthritis (OA) by supporting abnormal lipid metabolism in human chondrocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human articular chondrocytes from osteoarthritis patients were used and expression level of Nespas were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Introduction of Nespas and Nespas-associated genes/miRNAs were performed by using a lentiviral system. The effect of Nespas on mitochondrial function was determined by staining mitochondria and analyzing mitopotential and mitochondrial genes. Moreover, to identify the responsible molecules in Nespas-induced pathogenesis, profiling of peroxisomal genes and miRNAs were applied and interactome analysis was performed. RESULTS Highly elevated levels of Nespas and Acyl-CoA synthetase 6 (ACSL6) were observed in OA patients. Both Nespas overexpression and ACSL6 upregulation into human chondrocytes induced typical OA characteristics, such as downregulation of type II collagen; upregulation of type I collagen, metalloproteinase 13, and caspase-1 and -3; and dysfunction of mitochondria and peroxisome. Co-expression of Nespas and ACSL6 siRNA reduced caspase-1 and -3 levels. Moreover, Nespas overexpression significantly suppressed levels of miR-291a-3p, -196a-5p, -23a-3p, -24-3p, and let-7a-5p, and these miRs are known to potentially target ACSL6 according to ingenuity pathway analysis. We also confirmed that these miRs were significantly suppressed in human OA chondrocytes. Overexpression of miR-291a-3p, -196a-5p, -23a-3p, -24-3p, or let-7a-5p in the presence of Nespas suppressed levels of ACSL6, caspase-1 and -3. DISCUSSION Overall, we suggest that elevated Nespas level in OA are associated with OA pathogenesis by suppressing miRs targeting ACSL6 and subsequent ACSL6 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences,
College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk, Korea,These authors contributed equally to
this work
| | - Myeungsoo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine,
Division of Rheumatology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Chunbuk,
Korea,These authors contributed equally to
this work
| | - Churl-Hong Chun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Chunbuk, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences,
College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk, Korea,Eun-Jung Jin, Department of Biological
Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk
570-749, Korea.
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26
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Kwak HB, Woodlief TL, Green TD, Cox JH, Hickner RC, Neufer PD, Cortright RN. Overexpression of Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase 5 Increases Fatty Acid Oxidation and Free Radical Formation While Attenuating Insulin Signaling in Primary Human Skeletal Myotubes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071157. [PMID: 30935113 PMCID: PMC6480682 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In rodent skeletal muscle, acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase 5 (ACSL-5) is suggested to localize to the mitochondria but its precise function in human skeletal muscle is unknown. The purpose of these studies was to define the role of ACSL-5 in mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism and the potential effects on insulin action in human skeletal muscle cells (HSKMC). Primary myoblasts isolated from vastus lateralis (obese women (body mass index (BMI) = 34.7 ± 3.1 kg/m²)) were transfected with ACSL-5 plasmid DNA or green fluorescent protein (GFP) vector (control), differentiated into myotubes, and harvested (7 days). HSKMC were assayed for complete and incomplete fatty acid oxidation ([1-14C] palmitate) or permeabilized to determine mitochondrial respiratory capacity (basal (non-ADP stimulated state 4), maximal uncoupled (carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP)-linked) respiration, and free radical (superoxide) emitting potential). Protein levels of ACSL-5 were 2-fold higher in ACSL-5 overexpressed HSKMC. Both complete and incomplete fatty acid oxidation increased by 2-fold (p < 0.05). In permeabilized HSKMC, ACSL-5 overexpression significantly increased basal and maximal uncoupled respiration (p < 0.05). Unexpectedly, however, elevated ACSL-5 expression increased mitochondrial superoxide production (+30%), which was associated with a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in insulin-stimulated p-Akt and p-AS160 protein levels. We concluded that ACSL-5 in human skeletal muscle functions to increase mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, but contrary to conventional wisdom, is associated with increased free radical production and reduced insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Tracey L Woodlief
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Thomas D Green
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Julie H Cox
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Robert C Hickner
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
- The East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Ronald N Cortright
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
- The East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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27
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Exner T, Beretta CA, Gao Q, Afting C, Romero-Brey I, Bartenschlager R, Fehring L, Poppelreuther M, Füllekrug J. Lipid droplet quantification based on iterative image processing. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1333-1344. [PMID: 30926625 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d092841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous and highly dynamic subcellular organelles required for the storage of neutral lipids. LD number and size distribution are key parameters affected not only by nutrient supply but also by lipotoxic stress and metabolic regulation. Current methods for LD quantification lack general applicability and are either based on time consuming manual evaluation or show limitations if LDs are high in numbers or closely clustered. Here, we present an ImageJ-based approach for the detection and quantification of LDs stained by neutral lipid dyes in images acquired by conventional wide-field fluorescence microscopy. The method features an adjustable preprocessing procedure that resolves LD clusters. LD identification is based on their circular edges and central fluorescence intensity maxima. Adaptation to different cell types is mediated by a set of interactive parameters. Validation was done for three different cell lines using manual evaluation of LD numbers and volume measurement by 3D rendering of confocal datasets. In an application example, we show that overexpression of the acyl-CoA synthetase, FATP4/ACSVL5, in oleate-treated COS7 cells increased the size of LDs but not their number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Exner
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlo A Beretta
- CellNetworks Math-Clinic Core Facility, BioQuant Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qi Gao
- CellNetworks Math-Clinic Core Facility, BioQuant Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cassian Afting
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inés Romero-Brey
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonard Fehring
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margarete Poppelreuther
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Füllekrug
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Peng M, He Q, Li S, Li L, Ma H. Integrated analysis of proteomics-delineated and metabolomics-delineated hepatic metabolic responses to (-)-hydroxycitric acid in chick embryos. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1258-1270. [PMID: 30317645 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Hydroxycitric acid [(-)-HCA] is widely used as a nutritional supplement to control body weight and fat accumulation in animals and humans, whereas the underlying biochemical mechanism is unclear. Broiler chicken was used as a model for studies of obesity due to its natural hyperglycemia and being insulin resistant. The current study aimed to obtain a systematic view of serum metabolites and hepatic proteins and well understand the mechanism of hepatic metabolic response to (-)-HCA treatment in chick embryos. The results showed that 22, 90, and 82 of differentially expressed proteins were identified at E14d, E19d, and H1d in chick embryos treated with (-)-HCA, respectively. Meanwhile, 5, 83, and 88 of serum metabolites significantly changed at E14d, E19d, and H1d in chick embryos after (-)-HCA treatment. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the key proteins and metabolites, which were significantly altered in chick embryos treated with (-)-HCA, were mainly involved in the citrate cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism. Our data indicated that (-)-HCA treatment might promote fat metabolism via regulating the key protein expression levels and metabolite contents in the citrate cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and oxidative phosphorylation during chicken embryonic development. These results will deepen our understanding of the mechanism of fat reduction by (-)-HCA and provide substantial information for (-)-HCA as a nutritional supplement to control body weight gain and curb obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Longlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
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29
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Grattagliano I, Montezinho LP, Oliveira PJ, Frühbeck G, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Montecucco F, Carbone F, Wieckowski MR, Wang DQH, Portincasa P. Targeting mitochondria to oppose the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 160:34-45. [PMID: 30508523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition characterized by the excessive accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes. NAFLD is the most frequent chronic liver disease in developed countries, and is often associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. NAFLD definition encompasses a spectrum of chronic liver abnormalities, ranging from simple steatosis (NAFL), to steatohepatitis (NASH), significant liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD, therefore, represents a global public health issue. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in NAFLD, and contributes to the progression to the necro-inflammatory and fibrotic form (NASH). Disrupted mitochondrial function is associated with a decrease in the energy levels and impaired redox balance, and negatively affects cell survival by altering overall metabolism and subcellular trafficking. Such events reduce the tolerance of hepatocytes towards damaging hits, and favour the injurious effects of extra-cellular factors. Here, we discuss the role of mitochondria in NAFLD and focus on potential therapeutic approaches aimed at preserving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Grattagliano
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Bari, Italy
| | - Liliana P Montezinho
- CNC Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal; Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 9 Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - David Q-H Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
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30
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Tang Y, Zhou J, Hooi SC, Jiang YM, Lu GD. Fatty acid activation in carcinogenesis and cancer development: Essential roles of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1390-1396. [PMID: 30008815 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of fatty acid metabolism in cancer initiation and development is increasingly accepted by scientists and the public due to the high prevalence of overweight and obese individuals. Fatty acids have different turnovers in the body: Either breakdown into acetyl-CoA to aid ATP generation through catabolic metabolism or incorporation into triacylglycerol and phospholipid through anabolic metabolism. However, these two distinct pathways require a common initial step known as fatty acid activation. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSLs), which are responsible for activation of the most abundant long-chain fatty acids, are commonly deregulated in cancer. This deregulation is also associated with poor survival in patients with cancer. Fatty acids physiologically regulate ACSL expression, but cancer cells could hijack certain involved regulatory mechanisms to deregulate ACSLs. Among the five family isoforms, ACSL1 and ACSL4 are able to promote ungoverned cell growth, facilitate tumor invasion and evade programmed cell death, while ACSL3 may have relatively complex functions in different types of cancer. Notably, ACSL4 is also essential for the induction of ferroptosis (another form of programmed cell death) by facilitating arachidonic acid oxidation, which makes the enzyme a desirable cancer target. The present review thus evaluates the functions of deregulated ACSLs in cancer, the possible molecular mechanisms involved and the chemotherapeutic potentials to target ACSLs. A better understanding of the pathological effects of ACSLs in cancer and the involved molecular mechanisms will aid in delineating the exact role of fatty acid metabolism in cancer and designing precise cancer prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Shing Chuan Hooi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lim School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yue-Ming Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education of China, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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31
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Costello Z, Martin HG. A machine learning approach to predict metabolic pathway dynamics from time-series multiomics data. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2018; 4:19. [PMID: 29872542 PMCID: PMC5974308 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-018-0054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
New synthetic biology capabilities hold the promise of dramatically improving our ability to engineer biological systems. However, a fundamental hurdle in realizing this potential is our inability to accurately predict biological behavior after modifying the corresponding genotype. Kinetic models have traditionally been used to predict pathway dynamics in bioengineered systems, but they take significant time to develop, and rely heavily on domain expertise. Here, we show that the combination of machine learning and abundant multiomics data (proteomics and metabolomics) can be used to effectively predict pathway dynamics in an automated fashion. The new method outperforms a classical kinetic model, and produces qualitative and quantitative predictions that can be used to productively guide bioengineering efforts. This method systematically leverages arbitrary amounts of new data to improve predictions, and does not assume any particular interactions, but rather implicitly chooses the most predictive ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zak Costello
- 1Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA.,DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA USA.,3DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA USA
| | - Hector Garcia Martin
- 1Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA.,DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA USA.,3DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA USA.,4BCAM, Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain
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32
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Abstract
Enlarged fat cells in obese adipose tissue diminish capacity to store fat and are resistant to the anti-lipolytic effect of insulin. Insulin resistance (IR)-associated S-nitrosylation of insulin-signaling proteins increases in obesity. In accordance with the inhibition of insulin-mediated anti-lipolytic action, plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels increase. Additionally, endoplasmic reticulum stress stimuli induce lipolysis by activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate/Protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (ERK1/2) signaling in adipocytes. Failure of packaging of excess lipid into lipid droplets causes chronic elevation of circulating fatty acids, which can reach to toxic levels within non-adipose tissues. Deleterious effects of lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues are known as lipotoxicity. In fact, triglycerides may also serve a storage function for long-chain non-esterified fatty acids and their products such as ceramides and diacylglycerols (DAGs). Thus, excess DAG, ceramide and saturated fatty acids in obesity can induce chronic inflammation and have harmful effect on multiple organs and systems. In this context, chronic adipose tissue inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and IR have been discussed within the scope of lipotoxicity.
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Lizardo DY, Lin YL, Gokcumen O, Atilla-Gokcumen GE. Regulation of lipids is central to replicative senescence. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:498-509. [PMID: 28128379 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00842a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular replicative senescence, a state of permanent cell-cycle arrest, has been linked to organismal aging, tissue repair and tumorigenesis. In this study, we comparatively investigated the global lipid profiles and mRNA content of proliferating and senescent-state BJ fibroblasts. We found that both expression levels of lipid-regulating genes and the abundance of specific lipid families, are actively regulated. We further found that 19 specific polyunsaturated triacylglycerol species constituted the most prominent changes in lipid composition during replicative senescence. Based on the transcriptome analysis, we propose that the activation of CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake and diversion to glycerolipid biosynthesis could be responsible for the accumulation of triacylglycerols during replicative senescence. This, in turn, could be a cellular mechanism to prevent lipotoxicity under increased oxidative stress conditions observed in this process. Our results indicate that regulation of specific lipid species has a central role during replicative senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darleny Y Lizardo
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
| | - Yen-Lung Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
| | - Omer Gokcumen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
| | - G Ekin Atilla-Gokcumen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
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34
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Wu C, Zhang Y, Chai L, Wang H. Histological changes, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in the liver of Bufo gargarizans exposed to cadmium concentrations. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 179:337-346. [PMID: 28384601 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chinese toad (Bufo gargarizans) were exposed to different concentrations of cadmium (5, 50, 100, 200 and 500 μg Cd L-1) from Gosner stage 3-42. Metamorphosis rate, body weight, total length and body length were measured. Histological alterations in thyroid gland and liver were examined. Changes in hepatocyte were also examined using Transmission electron microscopic. In addition, the mRNA expression of several genes involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and thyroid hormones signaling pathways were also measured. Our results showed that 200 and 500 μg Cd L-1 decreased the metamorphosis rate and inhibited the body size of B. gargarizans larvae at G42. Moreover, histological examinations have clearly exhibited that cadmium caused liver damage. Ultrastructural examination revealed lipid accumulation and abnormal mitochondria. Exposure to 200 and 500 μg Cd L-1 significantly up-regulated mRNA expression of D2, SOD, GPx, ACC and FAE, but down-regulated mRNA expression of TRα, TRβ, PPARα, ACOX, CPT and SCP. However, low Cd concentration (5, 50 and 100) exposure did not cause any effect in genes expression. Thus, we conclude that high Cd concentrations could affect the normal processes of lipid metabolism though increasing lipid synthesis and reducing the ability of fatty acid β-oxidation, and disturb thyroid hormone pathways in liver, and induced oxidative stress. In addition, lipid metabolism might be regulated by THs. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to report the influence of cadmium on hepatic lipid metabolism in B. gargarizans and will greatly provide new insights into cadmium hepatotoxicity in amphibian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lihong Chai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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35
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Belkaid A, Ouellette RJ, Surette ME. 17β-estradiol-induced ACSL4 protein expression promotes an invasive phenotype in estrogen receptor positive mammary carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:402-410. [PMID: 28334272 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long chain acyl-CoA synthase-4 (ACSL4) expression has been associated with an aggressive phenotype in breast carcinoma cells, whereas its role in ERα-positive breast cancer has not been studied. ACSL4 prefers 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) substrates, and along with other ACSLs has been associated with cellular uptake of exogenous fatty acids. 17β-estradiol induces proliferation and invasive capacities in ERα+ve breast carcinoma that is associated with modifications of cellular lipid metabolism. In this study, treatment of steroid-starved ERα-positive MCF-7 and T47D mammary carcinoma cells with 17β-estradiol resulted in increased cellular uptake of the PUFA arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), important building blocks for cellular membranes, and increased ACSL4 protein levels. There was no change in the expression of the ACSL1, ACSL3 and ACSL6 protein isotypes. Increased ACSL4 protein expression was not accompanied by changes in ACSL4 mRNA expression, but was associated with a significant increase in the protein half-life compared to untreated cells. ERα silencing reversed the impact of 17β-estradiol on ACSL4 protein levels and half-life. Silencing of ACSL4 eliminated the 17β-estradiol-induced increase in AA and EPA uptake, as well as the 17β-estradiol-induced cell migration, proliferation and invasion capacities. ASCL4 silencing also prevented the 17β-estradiol induced increases in p-Akt and p-GSK3β, and decrease in E-cadherin expression, important events in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ACSL4 is a target of 17β-estradiol-stimulated ERα and is required for the cellular uptake of exogenous PUFA and the manifestation of a more malignant phenotype in ERα+ve breast carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Belkaid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada and.,Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
| | | | - Marc E Surette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada and
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36
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Neijat M, Eck P, House JD. Impact of dietary precursor ALA versus preformed DHA on fatty acid profiles of eggs, liver and adipose tissue and expression of genes associated with hepatic lipid metabolism in laying hens. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 119:1-17. [PMID: 28410665 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), including alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and preformed longer chain PUFA (LCPUFA, particularly docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) differ in their egg LCPUFA enrichment efficiency. However, mechanisms leading to these differences are unclear. To this end, omega-3 PUFA contents in different lipid classes, including triacylglycerol (TAG) and total phospholipid (PL) in yolk, liver and adipose, as well as the expression of key hepatic enzymes in lipid metabolism were evaluated in laying hens in response to changes in dietary supply. Seventy Lohmann hens (n=10/treatment) consumed either a control diet (0.03% total omega-3 PUFA), or the control with supplementation (0.20%, 0.40% and 0.60% total omega-3 PUFA) from either flaxseed oil or algal product, as sources of ALA (precursor) or DHA (preformed), respectively. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design, and data were analyzed using the Proc Mixed procedure of SAS. ALA accumulated as a function of intake (P<0.0001) in total and lipid classes of yolk, liver and adipose (TAG only) for ALA- and DHA-fed hens. Unlike flaxseed oil, preformed-DHA contributed to greater (P<0.0001) accumulation of LCPUFA in yolk total PL and TAG pool, as well as adipose TAG. This may relate to elevated (P<0.0001) expression of acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL1). No difference in hepatic EPA level in total lipids was noted between both treatment groups; EPAliver=2.1493x-0.0064; R2=0.70, P<0.0001 (x=dietary omega-3 PUFA). The latter result may highlight the role of hepatic EPA in the regulation of LCPUFA metabolism in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neijat
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - P Eck
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2E1
| | - J D House
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2; Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2E1; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R2H 2A6.
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37
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Mehdizadeh A, Bonyadi M, Darabi M, Rahbarghazi R, Montazersaheb S, Velaei K, Shaaker M, Somi MH. Common chemotherapeutic agents modulate fatty acid distribution in human hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 7:31-39. [PMID: 28546951 PMCID: PMC5439387 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2017.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Cancer cells are critically correlated with lipid molecules, particularly fatty acids, as structural blocks for membrane building, energy sources, and related signaling molecules. Therefore, cancer progression is in direct correlation with fatty acid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of common chemotherapeutic agents on the lipid metabolism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, with a focus on alterations in cellular fatty acid contents.
Methods: Human HepG2 and SW480 cell lines as HCC and CRC cells were respectively cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with non-toxic doses of 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin for 72 hours. Oil Red O dye was used to estimate intracellular lipid vacuole intensity. Fatty acid analysis of isolated membrane phospholipids and cytoplasmic triglycerides (TG) was performed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) technique.
Results: Oil red O staining represented significantly higher lipid accumulation and density in cancer cells after exposure to the chemotherapeutic agents as compared to non-treated control cells. Doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil treatment promoted the channeling of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) from phospholipids to triglyceride pool in both HepG2 (+5.91% and +8.50%, P < 0.05, respectively) and SW480 (+37.41% and +5.73%, P < 0.05, respectively) cell lines. However, total polyunsaturated fatty acid content was inversely shifted from TG to phospholipid fraction after doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil incubation of HepG2 (+58.89% and +29.13%, P < 0.05, respectively) and SW480 (+19.20% and +14.65%, P < 0.05, respectively) cells.
Conclusion: Our data showed that common chemotherapeutic agents of HCC and CRC can induce significant changes in cellular lipid accumulation and distribution of fatty acids through producing highly saturated and unsaturated lipid droplets and membrane lipids, respectively. These metabolic side effects may be associated with gastrointestinal cancers treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mehdizadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Bonyadi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Kobra Velaei
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maghsood Shaaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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38
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Khodayari A, Maranas CD. A genome-scale Escherichia coli kinetic metabolic model k-ecoli457 satisfying flux data for multiple mutant strains. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13806. [PMID: 27996047 PMCID: PMC5187423 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinetic models of metabolism at a genome scale that faithfully recapitulate the effect of multiple genetic interventions would be transformative in our ability to reliably design novel overproducing microbial strains. Here, we introduce k-ecoli457, a genome-scale kinetic model of Escherichia coli metabolism that satisfies fluxomic data for wild-type and 25 mutant strains under different substrates and growth conditions. The k-ecoli457 model contains 457 model reactions, 337 metabolites and 295 substrate-level regulatory interactions. Parameterization is carried out using a genetic algorithm by simultaneously imposing all available fluxomic data (about 30 measured fluxes per mutant). The Pearson correlation coefficient between experimental data and predicted product yields for 320 engineered strains spanning 24 product metabolites is 0.84. This is substantially higher than that using flux balance analysis, minimization of metabolic adjustment or maximization of product yield exhibiting systematic errors with correlation coefficients of, respectively, 0.18, 0.37 and 0.47 (k-ecoli457 is available for download at http://www.maranasgroup.com).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khodayari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Costas D. Maranas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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39
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Liu Z, Lv W, Huang Y, Fan B, Li Y, Zhao Y. Effects of cadmium on lipid metabolism in female estuarine crab, Chiromantes dehaani. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 188:9-16. [PMID: 27276547 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the nature of their habitat, which contains a high level of pollutants, estuarine crabs are at great risk of exposure to contaminants such as cadmium. Thus, in this study, the effects of cadmium on lipid metabolism were investigated in estuarine crab Chiromantes dehaani. Adult female estuarine crabs were randomly exposed to 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1mg/L of CdCl2 for 7, 14 and 21days, after which the lipid contents of the hepatopancreas and ovary were measured. Also, the substance contents and the activities of the enzyme in lipid digestion, lipid synthesis and lipid transport metabolism were analyzed. The results showed that the lipid contents in the hepatopancreas and ovary of the exposed crabs decreased after prolonged exposure to cadmium compared to the control. The lipase activity decreased while the activities of fatty acid synthase and acetyl coenzyme A in the hepatopancreas increased on day 7 but decreased on days 14 and 21. Moreover, the change in non-esterified fatty acid level was similar to fatty acid synthase. The level of low-density lipoprotein increased in the exposed crabs compared to the control group while the level of high-density lipoprotein and the activity of lipoprotein lipase decreased at a higher concentration of cadmium and longer exposure time. These observations suggest that cadmium decreases the lipid content by weakening the ability of digestion, transportation and synthase of lipid, thus affecting hepatopancreas and ovary indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Weiwei Lv
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Youhui Huang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bin Fan
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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40
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Füllekrug J, Poppelreuther M. Measurement of Long-Chain Fatty Acyl-CoA Synthetase Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1376:43-53. [PMID: 26552674 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3170-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetases (ACS) are a family of essential enzymes of lipid metabolism, activating fatty acids by thioesterification with coenzyme A. Fatty acyl-CoA molecules are then readily utilized for the biosynthesis of storage and membrane lipids, or for the generation of energy by ß-oxidation. Acyl-CoAs also function as transcriptional activators, allosteric inhibitors, or precursors for inflammatory mediators. Recent work suggests that ACS enzymes may drive cellular fatty acid uptake by metabolic trapping, and may also regulate the channeling of fatty acids towards specific metabolic pathways. The implication of ACS enzymes in widespread lipid associated diseases like type 2 diabetes has rekindled interest in this protein family. Here, we describe in detail how to measure long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase activity by a straightforward radiometric assay. Cell lysates are incubated with ATP, coenzyme A, Mg(2+), and radiolabeled fatty acid bound to BSA. Differential phase partitioning of fatty acids and acyl-CoAs is exploited to quantify the amount of generated acyl-CoA by scintillation counting. The high sensitivity of this assay also allows the analysis of small samples like patient biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Füllekrug
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Otto-Meyerhof-Zentrum, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Margarete Poppelreuther
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Otto-Meyerhof-Zentrum, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Robichaud PP, Poirier SJ, Boudreau LH, Doiron JA, Barnett DA, Boilard E, Surette ME. On the cellular metabolism of the click chemistry probe 19-alkyne arachidonic acid. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1821-1830. [PMID: 27538823 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m067637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkyne and azide analogs of natural compounds that can be coupled to sensitive tags by click chemistry are powerful tools to study biological processes. Arachidonic acid (AA) is a FA precursor to biologically active compounds. 19-Alkyne-AA (AA-alk) is a sensitive clickable AA analog; however, its use as a surrogate to study AA metabolism requires further evaluation. In this study, AA-alk metabolism was compared with that of AA in human cells. Jurkat cell uptake of AA was 2-fold greater than that of AA-alk, but significantly more AA-Alk was elongated to 22:4. AA and AA-alk incorporation into and remodeling between phospholipid (PL) classes was identical indicating equivalent CoA-independent AA-PL remodeling. Platelets stimulated in the pre-sence of AA-alk synthesized significantly less 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) and cyclooxygenase products than in the presence of AA. Ionophore-stimulated neutrophils produced significantly more 5-LOX products in the presence of AA-alk than AA. Neutrophils stimulated with only exogenous AA-alk produced significantly less 5-LOX products compared with AA, and leukotriene B4 (LTB4)-alk was 12-fold less potent at stimulating neutrophil migration than LTB4, collectively indicative of weaker leukotriene B4 receptor 1 agonist activity of LTB4-alk. Overall, these results suggest that the use of AA-alk as a surrogate for the study of AA metabolism should be carried out with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Pierre Robichaud
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Samuel J Poirier
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Jérémie A Doiron
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - David A Barnett
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marc E Surette
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada.
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Abstract
Obesity and its major comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity cardiomyopathy, and certain cancers, have caused life expectancy in the United States to decline in recent years. Obesity is the increased accumulation of triglycerides (TG), which are synthesized from glycerol and long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) throughout the body. LCFA enter adipocytes, hepatocytes, and cardiomyocytes via specific, facilitated transport processes. Metabolism of increased cellular TG content in obesity may lead to comorbidities such as NAFLD and cardiomyopathy. Better understanding of LCFA transport processes may lead to successful treatment of obesity and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Berk
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, William Black Building, 650 West 168 Street, Room 1006, Box 57A, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Verna
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Black PN, Ahowesso C, Montefusco D, Saini N, DiRusso CC. Fatty Acid Transport Proteins: Targeting FATP2 as a Gatekeeper Involved in the Transport of Exogenous Fatty Acids. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 7:612-622. [PMID: 27446528 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00043f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) are classified as members of the Solute Carrier 27 (Slc27) family of proteins based on their ability to function in the transport of exogenous fatty acids. These proteins, when localized to the plasma membrane or at intracellular membrane junctions with the endoplasmic reticulum, function as a gate in the regulated transport of fatty acids and thus represent a therapeutic target to delimit the acquisition of fatty acids that contribute to disease as in the case of fatty acid overload. To date, FATP1, FATP2, and FATP4 have been used as targets in the selection of small molecule inhibitors with the goal of treating insulin resistance and attenuating dietary absorption of fatty acids. Several studies targeting FATP1 and FATP4 were based on the intrinsic acyl CoA synthetase activity of these proteins and not on transport directly. While several classes of compounds were identified as potential inhibitors of fatty acid transport, in vivo studies using a mouse model failed to provide evidence these compounds were effective in blocking or attenuating fatty acid transport. Studies targeting FATP2 employed a naturally occurring splice variant, FATP2b, which lacks intrinsic acyl CoA synthetase due to the deletion of exon 3, yet is fully functional in fatty acid transport. These studies identified two compounds, 5'-bromo-5-phenyl-spiro[3H-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,3'-indoline]-2'-one), now referred to as Lipofermata, and 2-benzyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one, now called Grassofermata, that are effective fatty acid transport inhibitors both in vitro using a series of model cell lines and in vivo using a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | | | | | - Nipun Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
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Daniel J, Sirakova T, Kolattukudy P. An acyl-CoA synthetase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis involved in triacylglycerol accumulation during dormancy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114877. [PMID: 25490545 PMCID: PMC4260918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent infection with dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the major reasons behind the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the pathogen worldwide. In its dormant state, the pathogen accumulates lipid droplets containing triacylglycerol synthesized from fatty acids derived from host lipids. In this study, we show that Rv1206 (FACL6), which is annotated as an acyl-CoA synthetase and resembles eukaryotic fatty acid transport proteins, is able to stimulate fatty acid uptake in E. coli cells. We show that purified FACL6 displays acyl-coenzyme A synthetase activity with a preference towards oleic acid, which is one of the predominant fatty acids in host lipids. Our results indicate that the expression of FACL6 protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is significantly increased during in vitro dormancy. The facl6-deficient Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutant displayed a diminished ability to synthesize acyl-coenzyme A in cell-free extracts. Furthermore, during in vitro dormancy, the mutant synthesized lower levels of intracellular triacylglycerol from exogenous fatty acids. Complementation partially restored the lost function. Our results suggest that FACL6 modulates triacylglycerol accumulation as the pathogen enters dormancy by activating fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaiyanth Daniel
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816, United States of America; Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana, 46805, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Sirakova
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816, United States of America
| | - Pappachan Kolattukudy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816, United States of America
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Pélerin H, Jouin M, Lallemand MS, Alessandri JM, Cunnane SC, Langelier B, Guesnet P. Gene expression of fatty acid transport and binding proteins in the blood-brain barrier and the cerebral cortex of the rat: differences across development and with different DHA brain status. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:213-20. [PMID: 25123062 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Specific mechanisms for maintaining docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentration in brain cells but also transporting DHA from the blood across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are not agreed upon. Our main objective was therefore to evaluate the level of gene expression of fatty acid transport and fatty acid binding proteins in the cerebral cortex and at the BBB level during the perinatal period of active brain DHA accretion, at weaning, and until the adult age. We measured by real time RT-PCR the mRNA expression of different isoforms of fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs), long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSLs), fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) and the fatty acid transporter (FAT)/CD36 in cerebral cortex and isolated microvessels at embryonic day 18 (E18) and postnatal days 14, 21 and 60 (P14, P21 and P60, respectively) in rats receiving different n-3 PUFA dietary supplies (control, totally deficient or DHA-supplemented). In control rats, all the genes were expressed at the BBB level (P14 to P60), the mRNA levels of FABP5 and ACSL3 having the highest values. Age-dependent differences included a systematic decrease in the mRNA expressions between P14-P21 and P60 (2 to 3-fold), with FABP7 mRNA abundance being the most affected (10-fold). In the cerebral cortex, mRNA levels varied differently since FATP4, ACSL3 and ACSL6 and the three FABPs genes were highly expressed. There were no significant differences in the expression of the 10 genes studied in n-3 deficient or DHA-supplemented rats despite significant differences in their brain DHA content, suggesting that brain DHA uptake from the blood does not necessarily require specific transporters within cerebral endothelial cells and could, under these experimental conditions, be a simple passive diffusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Pélerin
- INRA, Nutrition et Régulation Lipidique des Fonctions Cérébrales, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Mélanie Jouin
- INRA, Nutrition et Régulation Lipidique des Fonctions Cérébrales, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Sylvie Lallemand
- INRA, Nutrition et Régulation Lipidique des Fonctions Cérébrales, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marc Alessandri
- INRA, Nutrition et Régulation Lipidique des Fonctions Cérébrales, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stephen C Cunnane
- Research Center on Aging, and Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 4C4C
| | - Bénédicte Langelier
- INRA, Nutrition et Régulation Lipidique des Fonctions Cérébrales, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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46
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Belov GA. Modulation of lipid synthesis and trafficking pathways by picornaviruses. Curr Opin Virol 2014; 9:19-23. [PMID: 25240228 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Picornaviruses include rapidly replicating viruses that may complete their infectious cycle within a few hours. During this short time the massive development of viral replication organelles completely transforms the cellular membrane landscape. The origin of these structures and mechanism(s) underlying their rapid expansion are still poorly understood. Recent studies revealed profound reorganization of synthesis and distribution of major structural lipids in infected cells. These data show that the lipid composition of the replication organelles is significantly different from that of preexisting cellular membranes. The apparently universal activation of specific lipid syntheses by diverse picornaviruses and at least some other (+)RNA viruses suggests that the mechanism(s) of replication organelle development may be conserved among distantly related viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Belov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, and Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
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47
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Küch EM, Vellaramkalayil R, Zhang I, Lehnen D, Brügger B, Sreemmel W, Ehehalt R, Poppelreuther M, Füllekrug J. Differentially localized acyl-CoA synthetase 4 isoenzymes mediate the metabolic channeling of fatty acids towards phosphatidylinositol. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:227-39. [PMID: 24201376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4) has been implicated in carcinogenesis and neuronal development. Acyl-CoA synthetases are essential enzymes of lipid metabolism, and ACSL4 is distinguished by its preference for arachidonic acid. Two human ACSL4 isoforms arising from differential splicing were analyzed by ectopic expression in COS cells. We found that the ACSL4_v1 variant localized to the inner side of the plasma membrane including microvilli, and was also present in the cytosol. ACSL4_v2 contains an additional N-terminal hydrophobic region; this isoform was located at the endoplasmic reticulum and on lipid droplets. A third isoform was designed de novo by appending a mitochondrial targeting signal. All three ACSL4 variants showed the same specific enzyme activity. Overexpression of the isoenzymes increased cellular uptake of arachidonate to the same degree, indicating that the metabolic trapping of fatty acids is independent of the subcellular localization. Remarkably, phospholipid metabolism was changed by ACSL4 expression. Labeling with arachidonate showed that the amount of newly synthesized phosphatidylinositol was increased by all three ACSL4 isoenzymes but not by ACSL1. This was dependent on the expression level and the localization of the ACSL4 isoform. We conclude that in our model system exogenous fatty acids are channeled preferentially towards phosphatidylinositol by ACSL4 overexpression. The differential localization of the endogenous isoenzymes may provide compartment specific precursors of this anionic phospholipid important for many signaling processes.
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48
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Yu Y, Carter CRJ, Youssef N, Dyck JRB, Light PE. Intracellular long-chain acyl CoAs activate TRPV1 channels. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96597. [PMID: 24798548 PMCID: PMC4010479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPV1 channels are an important class of membrane proteins that play an integral role in the regulation of intracellular cations such as calcium in many different tissue types. The anionic phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is a known positive modulator of TRPV1 channels and the negatively charged phosphate groups interact with several basic amino acid residues in the proximal C-terminal TRP domain of the TRPV1 channel. We and other groups have shown that physiological sub-micromolar levels of long-chain acyl CoAs (LC-CoAs), another ubiquitous anionic lipid, can also act as positive modulators of ion channels and exchangers. Therefore, we investigated whether TRPV1 channel activity is similarly regulated by LC-CoAs. Our results show that LC-CoAs are potent activators of the TRPV1 channel and interact with the same PIP2-binding residues in TRPV1. In contrast to PIP2, LC-CoA modulation of TRPV1 is independent of Ca2+i, acting in an acyl side-chain saturation and chain-length dependent manner. Elevation of LC-CoAs in intact Jurkat T-cells leads to significant increases in agonist-induced Ca2+i levels. Our novel findings indicate that LC-CoAs represent a new fundamental mechanism for regulation of TRPV1 channel activity that may play a role in diverse cell types under physiological and pathophysiological conditions that alter fatty acid transport and metabolism such as obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chris R. J. Carter
- Department of Pharmacology, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nermeen Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jason R. B. Dyck
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter E. Light
- Department of Pharmacology, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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49
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Klaus C, Kaemmerer E, Reinartz A, Schneider U, Plum P, Jeon MK, Hose J, Hartmann F, Schnölzer M, Wagner N, Kopitz J, Gassler N. TP53 status regulates ACSL5-induced expression of mitochondrial mortalin in enterocytes and colorectal adenocarcinomas. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:267-78. [PMID: 24770931 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA synthetase 5 (ACSL5), a mitochondrially localized enzyme, catalyzes the synthesis of long-chain fatty acid thioesters and is physiologically involved in pro-apoptotic sensing of enterocytes. The aim of the present study is to identify an ACSL5-dependent regulation of mitochondrially expressed proteins and the characterization of related pathways in normal and diseased human intestinal mucosa. Proteomics of isolated mitochondria from ACSL5 transfectants and CaCo2 controls were performed. ACSL5-dependent protein synthesis was verified with quantitative reverse transcription plus the polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, short-interfering-RNA-mediated gene silencing and additional cell culture experiments. Lipid changes were analyzed with tandem mass spectrometry. ACSL5-related pathways were characterized in normal mucosa and sporadic adenocarcinomas of the human intestine. In CaCo2 cells transfected with ACSL5, mortalin (HSPA9) was about two-fold increased in mitochondria, whereas cytoplasmic mortalin levels were unchanged. Disturbance of acyl-CoA/sphingolipid metabolism, induced by ACSL5 over-expression, was characterized as crucial. ACSL5-related over-expression of mitochondrial mortalin was found in HEK293 and Lovo (wild-type TP53 [tumor protein p53]) and CaCo2 (p53-negative; TP53 mutated) cells but not in Colo320DM cells (mutated TP53). In normal human intestinal mucosa, an increasing gradient of both ACSL5 and mortalin from bottom to top was observed, whereas p53 (wild-type TP53) decreased. In sporadic intestinal adenocarcinomas with strong p53 immunostaining (mutated TP53), ACSL5-related mortalin expression was heterogeneous. ACSL5-induced mitochondrial mortalin expression is assumed to be a stress response to ACSL5-related changes in lipid metabolism and is regulated by the TP53 status. Uncoupling of ACSL5 and mitochondrial mortalin by mutated TP53 could be important in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Klaus
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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50
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Early Trypanosoma cruzi infection reprograms human epithelial cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:439501. [PMID: 24812617 PMCID: PMC4000934 DOI: 10.1155/2014/439501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, has the peculiarity, when compared with other intracellular parasites, that it is able to invade almost any type of cell. This property makes Chagas a complex parasitic disease in terms of prophylaxis and therapeutics. The identification of key host cellular factors that play a role in the T. cruzi invasion is important for the understanding of disease pathogenesis. In Chagas disease, most of the focus is on the response of macrophages and cardiomyocytes, since they are responsible for host defenses and cardiac lesions, respectively. In the present work, we studied the early response to infection of T. cruzi in human epithelial cells, which constitute the first barrier for establishment of infection. These studies identified up to 1700 significantly altered genes regulated by the immediate infection. The global analysis indicates that cells are literally reprogrammed by T. cruzi, which affects cellular stress responses (neutrophil chemotaxis, DNA damage response), a great number of transcription factors (including the majority of NFκB family members), and host metabolism (cholesterol, fatty acids, and phospholipids). These results raise the possibility that early host cell reprogramming is exploited by the parasite to establish the initial infection and posterior systemic dissemination.
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