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Bradley D, Garand C, Belda H, Gagnon-Arsenault I, Treeck M, Elowe S, Landry CR. The substrate quality of CK2 target sites has a determinant role on their function and evolution. Cell Syst 2024; 15:544-562.e8. [PMID: 38861992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Most biological processes are regulated by signaling modules that bind to short linear motifs. For protein kinases, substrates may have full or only partial matches to the kinase recognition motif, a property known as "substrate quality." However, it is not clear whether differences in substrate quality represent neutral variation or if they have functional consequences. We examine this question for the kinase CK2, which has many fundamental functions. We show that optimal CK2 sites are phosphorylated at maximal stoichiometries and found in many conditions, whereas minimal substrates are more weakly phosphorylated and have regulatory functions. Optimal CK2 sites tend to be more conserved, and substrate quality is often tuned by selection. For intermediate sites, increases or decreases in substrate quality may be deleterious, as we demonstrate for a CK2 substrate at the kinetochore. The results together suggest a strong role for substrate quality in phosphosite function and evolution. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bradley
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; PROTEO, Le regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l'ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur les Données Massives (CRDM), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Chantal Garand
- PROTEO, Le regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l'ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Axe de Reproduction, Santé de la mère et de l'enfant, CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Belda
- Signalling in Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW11AT, UK
| | - Isabelle Gagnon-Arsenault
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; PROTEO, Le regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l'ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur les Données Massives (CRDM), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Moritz Treeck
- Signalling in Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW11AT, UK; Cell Biology of Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, The Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Sabine Elowe
- PROTEO, Le regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l'ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Axe de Reproduction, Santé de la mère et de l'enfant, CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Christian R Landry
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; PROTEO, Le regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l'ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur les Données Massives (CRDM), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Robinson AE, Binek A, Ramani K, Sundararaman N, Barbier-Torres L, Murray B, Venkatraman V, Kreimer S, Ardle AM, Noureddin M, Fernández-Ramos D, Lopitz-Otsoa F, Gutiérrez de Juan V, Millet O, Mato JM, Lu SC, Van Eyk JE. Hyperphosphorylation of hepatic proteome characterizes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in S-adenosylmethionine deficiency. iScience 2023; 26:105987. [PMID: 36756374 PMCID: PMC9900401 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine adenosyltransferase 1a (MAT1A) is responsible for hepatic S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) biosynthesis. Mat1a -/- mice have hepatic SAMe depletion, develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which is reversed with SAMe administration. We examined temporal alterations in the proteome/phosphoproteome in pre-disease and NASH Mat1a -/- mice, effects of SAMe administration, and compared to human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mitochondrial and peroxisomal lipid metabolism proteins were altered in pre-disease mice and persisted in NASH Mat1a -/- mice, which exhibited more progressive alterations in cytoplasmic ribosomes, ER, and nuclear proteins. A common mechanism found in both pre-disease and NASH livers was a hyperphosphorylation signature consistent with casein kinase 2α (CK2α) and AKT1 activation, which was normalized by SAMe administration. This was mimicked in human NAFLD with a metabolomic signature (M-subtype) resembling Mat1a -/- mice. In conclusion, we have identified a common proteome/phosphoproteome signature between Mat1a -/- mice and human NAFLD M-subtype that may have pathophysiological and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron E. Robinson
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Aleksandra Binek
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Komal Ramani
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building, Room 2097, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Niveda Sundararaman
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Lucía Barbier-Torres
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building, Room 2097, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ben Murray
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building, Room 2097, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Vidya Venkatraman
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Simion Kreimer
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Angela Mc Ardle
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building, Room 2097, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - David Fernández-Ramos
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopitz-Otsoa
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Virginia Gutiérrez de Juan
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Oscar Millet
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José M. Mato
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Shelly C. Lu
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building, Room 2097, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Room 9302, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Corresponding author
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Yeast Protein Asf1 Possesses Modulating Activity towards Protein Kinase CK2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415764. [PMID: 36555405 PMCID: PMC9779303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 plays an important role in cell survival and protects regulatory proteins from caspase-mediated degradation during apoptosis. The consensus sequence of proteins phosphorylated by CK2 contains a cluster of acidic amino acids around the phosphorylation site. The poly-acidic sequence in yeast protein Asf1 is similar to the acidic loop in CK2β, which possesses a regulatory function. We observed that the overexpression of Asf1 in yeast cells influences cell growth. Experiments performed in vitro and in vivo indicate that yeast protein Asf1 inhibits protein kinase CK2. Our data suggest that each CK2 isoform might be regulated in a different way. Deletion of the amino or carboxyl end of Asf1 reveals that the acidic cluster close to the C-terminus is responsible for the activation or inhibition of CK2 activity.
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Wińska P, Widło Ł, Senkara E, Koronkiewicz M, Cieśla JM, Krzyśko A, Skierka K, Cieśla J. Inhibition of Protein Kinase CK2 Affects Thymidylate Synthesis Cycle Enzyme Level and Distribution in Human Cancer Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:847829. [PMID: 35281258 PMCID: PMC8914513 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.847829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) constitute the thymidylate synthesis cycle providing thymidylate for DNA synthesis and repair. Our previous studies indicated that TS and DHFR are the substrates of protein kinase CK2. This work has been aimed at the elucidation of the effect of CK2 activity on cell cycle progression, thymidylate synthesis enzyme expression and localization, and the role of CK2-mediated TS phosphorylation in in vitro di- and trimolecular complex formation. The results were obtained by means of western blot, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR), quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), and microthermophoresis (MST). Our research indicates that CK2 inhibition does not change the levels of the transcripts; however, it affects the protein levels of DHFR and TS in both tested cell lines, i.e., A549 and CCRF-CEM, and the level of SHMT1 in CCRF-CEM cells. Moreover, we show that CK2-mediated phosphorylation of TS enables the protein (pTS) interaction with SHMT1 and leads to the stability of the tri-complex containing SHMT1, DHFR, and pTS. Our results suggest an important regulatory role of CK2-mediated phosphorylation for inter- and intracellular protein level of enzymes involved in the thymidylate biosynthesis cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Wińska
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Patrycja Wińska, ; Joanna Cieśla,
| | - Łukasz Widło
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Senkara
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jarosław M. Cieśla
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Krzyśko
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skierka
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Cieśla
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Patrycja Wińska, ; Joanna Cieśla,
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CK2 Regulation: Perspectives in 2021. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101361. [PMID: 34680478 PMCID: PMC8533506 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase CK2 (CK2) family encompasses a small number of acidophilic serine/threonine kinases that phosphorylate substrates involved in numerous biological processes including apoptosis, cell proliferation, and the DNA damage response. CK2 has also been implicated in many human malignancies and other disorders including Alzheimer′s and Parkinson’s diseases, and COVID-19. Interestingly, no single mechanism describes how CK2 is regulated, including activation by external proteins or domains, phosphorylation, or dimerization. Furthermore, the kinase has an elongated activation loop that locks the kinase into an active conformation, leading CK2 to be labelled a constitutively active kinase. This presents an interesting paradox that remains unanswered: how can a constitutively active kinase regulate biological processes that require careful control? Here, we highlight a selection of studies where CK2 activity is regulated at the substrate level, and discuss them based on the regulatory mechanism. Overall, this review describes numerous biological processes where CK2 activity is regulated, highlighting how a constitutively active kinase can still control numerous cellular activities. It is also evident that more research is required to fully elucidate the mechanisms that regulate CK2 and what causes aberrant CK2 signaling in disease.
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Catena V, Bruno T, Iezzi S, Matteoni S, Salis A, Sorino C, Damonte G, Fanciulli M. CK2-mediated phosphorylation of Che-1/AATF is required for its pro-proliferative activity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:232. [PMID: 34266450 PMCID: PMC8281565 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Che-1/AATF (Che-1) is an RNA polymerase II binding protein involved in several cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis and response to stress. We have recently demonstrated that Che-1 is able to promote cell proliferation by sustaining global histone acetylation in multiple myeloma (MM) cells where it interacts with histone proteins and competes with HDAC class I members for binding. Methods Site-directed Mutagenesis was performed to generate a Che-1 mutant (Che-1 3S) lacking three serine residues (Ser316, Ser320 and Ser321) in 308–325 aa region. Western blot experiments were conducted to examine the effect of depletion or over-expression of Che-1 and Che-1 3S mutant on histone acetylation, in different human cancer cell lines. Proliferation assays were assessed to estimate the change in cells number when Che-1 was over-expressed or deleted. Immunoprecipitation assays were performed to evaluate Che-1/histone H3 interaction when Ser316, Ser320 and Ser321 were removed. The involvement of CK2 kinase in Che-1 phosphorylation at these residues was analysed by in vitro kinase, 2D gel electrophoresis assays and mass spectrometry analysis. Results Here, we confirmed that Che-1 depletion reduces cell proliferation with a concomitant general histone deacetylation in several tumor cell lines. Furthermore, we provided evidence that CK2 protein kinase phosphorylates Che-1 at Ser316, Ser320 and Ser321 and that these modifications are required for Che-1/histone H3 binding. These results improve our understanding onto the mechanisms by which Che-1 regulates histone acetylation and cell proliferation. Conclusions Che-1 phosphorylation at Ser316, Ser320 and Ser321 by CK2 promotes the interaction with histone H3 and represents an essential requirement for Che-1 pro-proliferative ability. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02038-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Catena
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Bruno
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Iezzi
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Matteoni
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Salis
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Biochemistry Section, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Sorino
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Biochemistry Section, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fanciulli
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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Chojnacki K, Wińska P, Karatsai O, Koronkiewicz M, Milner-Krawczyk M, Wielechowska M, Rędowicz MJ, Bretner M, Borowiecki P. Synthesis of Novel Acyl Derivatives of 3-(4,5,6,7-Tetrabromo-1 H-benzimidazol-1-yl)propan-1-ols-Intracellular TBBi-Based CK2 Inhibitors with Proapoptotic Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6261. [PMID: 34200807 PMCID: PMC8230474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 has been considered as an attractive drug target for anti-cancer therapy. The synthesis of N-hydroxypropyl TBBi and 2MeTBBi derivatives as well as their respective esters was carried out by using chemoenzymatic methods. Concomitantly with kinetic studies toward recombinant CK2, the influence of the obtained compounds on the viability of two human breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) was evaluated using MTT assay. Additionally, an intracellular inhibition of CK2 as well as an induction of apoptosis in the examined cells after the treatment with the most active compounds were studied by Western blot analysis, phase-contrast microscopy and flow cytometry method. The results of the MTT test revealed potent cytotoxic activities for most of the newly synthesized compounds (EC50 4.90 to 32.77 µM), corresponding to their solubility in biological media. We concluded that derivatives with the methyl group decrease the viability of both cell lines more efficiently than their non-methylated analogs. Furthermore, inhibition of CK2 in breast cancer cells treated with the tested compounds at the concentrations equal to their EC50 values correlates well with their lipophilicity since derivatives with higher values of logP are more potent intracellular inhibitors of CK2 with better proapoptotic properties than their parental hydroxyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Chojnacki
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.); (M.M.-K.); (M.W.); (M.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Patrycja Wińska
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.); (M.M.-K.); (M.W.); (M.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Olena Karatsai
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (O.K.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Mirosława Koronkiewicz
- Department of Drug Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Milner-Krawczyk
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.); (M.M.-K.); (M.W.); (M.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Monika Wielechowska
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.); (M.M.-K.); (M.W.); (M.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Maria Jolanta Rędowicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (O.K.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Maria Bretner
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.); (M.M.-K.); (M.W.); (M.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Paweł Borowiecki
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.); (M.M.-K.); (M.W.); (M.B.); (P.B.)
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The Keap1-Nrf2 System: A Mediator between Oxidative Stress and Aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6635460. [PMID: 34012501 PMCID: PMC8106771 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6635460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, a term that describes the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, leads to the disruption of redox signals and causes molecular damage. Increased oxidative stress from diverse sources has been implicated in most senescence-related diseases and in aging itself. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1- (Keap1-) nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) system can be used to monitor oxidative stress; Keap1-Nrf2 is closely associated with aging and controls the transcription of multiple antioxidant enzymes. Simultaneously, Keap1-Nrf2 signaling is also modulated by a more complex regulatory network, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), protein kinase C, and mitogen-activated protein kinase. This review presents more information on aging-related molecular mechanisms involving Keap1-Nrf2. Furthermore, we highlight several major signals involved in Nrf2 unbinding from Keap1, including cysteine modification of Keap1 and phosphorylation of Nrf2, PI3K/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3β, sequestosome 1, Bach1, and c-Myc. Additionally, we discuss the direct interaction between Keap1-Nrf2 and the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. In summary, we focus on recent progress in research on the Keap1-Nrf2 system involving oxidative stress and aging, providing an empirical basis for the development of antiaging drugs.
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Potential role of PIN1 genotypes in predicting benefit from oxaliplatin-based and irinotecan-based treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2018; 18:623-632. [PMID: 29925895 PMCID: PMC6151284 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-018-0030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PIN1-mediated substrate isomerization plays a role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in PIN1-related pathways may affect tumor sensitivity to oxaliplatin or irinotecan in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. We analyzed genomic DNA from five cohorts of mCRC patients (total 950) treated with different first-line treatments: oxaliplatin cohorts 1 (n=146) and 2 (n=70); irinotecan cohorts 1 (n=228) and 2 (n=276); and combination cohort (n=230). Single nucleotide polymorphisms of candidate genes were analyzed by PCR-based direct sequencing. In the oxaliplatin cohort 1, patients carrying any PIN1 rs2233678 C allele had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than the G/G variant (PFS, 7.4 vs. 15.0 months, hazard ratio [HR] 3.24, P<0.001; OS, 16.9 vs. 31.5 months, HR: 2.38, P=0.003). In contrast, patients with C allele had longer median PFS than patients with G/G (11.9 vs. 9.4 months, HR: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.45–0.91, P=0.009) in the irinotecan cohort 1. No significant differences were observed in the combination cohort. In comparison between the irinotecan cohort 1 and combination cohort, the patients carrying the G/G variant benefit greatly from the combination compared with irinotecan-based regimen (PFS, 11.6 vs. 9.4 months, HR 0.61, 95%CI: 0.47–0.78, P<0.001; OS, 30.6 vs. 24.0 months, HR 0.79, 95%CI: 0.62–1.02, P=0.060), while no significant difference was shown in any C allele. Germline PIN1 polymorphisms may predict clinical outcomes in mCRC patients receiving oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-based therapy, and identify specific populations favorable to oxaliplatin plus irinotecan combination therapy.
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Perea SE, Baladrón I, Valenzuela C, Perera Y. CIGB-300: A peptide-based drug that impairs the Protein Kinase CK2-mediated phosphorylation. Semin Oncol 2018; 45:58-67. [PMID: 30318085 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2, formerly referred to as casein kinase II, is a serine/threonine kinase often found overexpressed in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies that phosphorylates many substrates integral to the hallmarks of cancer. CK2 has emerged as a viable oncology target having been experimentally validated with different kinase inhibitors, including small molecule ATP-competitors, synthetic peptides, and antisense oligonucleotides. To date only two CK2 inhibitors, CIGB-300 and CX-4945, have entered the clinic in phase 1-2 trials. This review provides information on CIGB-300, a cell-permeable cyclic peptide that inhibits CK2-mediated phosphorylation by targeting the substrate phosphoacceptor domain. We review data that support the concept of CK2 as an anticancer target, address the mechanism of action, and summarize preclinical studies showing antiangiogenic and antimetastatic effects as well as synergism with anticancer drugs in preclinical models. We also summarize early clinical research (phase 1/2 trials) of CIGB-300 in cervical cancer, including data in combination with chemoradiotherapy. The clinical data demonstrate the safety, tolerability, and clinical effects of intratumoral injections of CIGB-300 and provide the foundation for future phase 3 clinical trials in locally advanced cervical cancer in combination with standard chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio E Perea
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Area, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Idania Baladrón
- Clinical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Carmen Valenzuela
- Clinical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yasser Perera
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Area, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
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11
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Autophagy Induced by CX-4945, a Casein Kinase 2 Inhibitor, Enhances Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. Pancreas 2017; 46:575-581. [PMID: 28196025 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer is the most lethal malignancy with only a few effective chemotherapeutic drugs. Because the inhibition of casein kinase 2 (CK2) has been reported as a novel therapeutic strategy for many cancers, we investigated the effects of CK2 inhibitors in pancreatic cancer cell lines. METHODS The BxPC3, 8902, MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cell lines, and CX-4945, a novel CK2 inhibitor, were used. Autophagy was analyzed by acridine orange staining, fluorescence microscope detection of punctuate patterns of GFP-tagged LC3 and immunoblotting for LC3. Cell survival, cell cycle, and apoptosis analysis was performed. RESULTS CX-4945 induced significant inhibition of proliferation and triggered autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells. This suppression of proliferation was caused by the direct inhibition of CK2α, which was required for autophagy and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. CX-4945 suppressed cell cycle progression in G2/M and induced apoptosis. The inhibition of CX-4945-induced autophagy was rescued by 3-methyladenine or small interfering RNA against Atg7, which attenuated apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS CX-4945, a potent and selective inhibitor of CK2, effectively induces autophagy and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells, indicating that the induction of autophagy by CX-4945 may have an important role in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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12
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Nuñez de Villavicencio-Diaz T, Rabalski AJ, Litchfield DW. Protein Kinase CK2: Intricate Relationships within Regulatory Cellular Networks. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10010027. [PMID: 28273877 PMCID: PMC5374431 DOI: 10.3390/ph10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 is a small family of protein kinases that has been implicated in an expanding array of biological processes. While it is widely accepted that CK2 is a regulatory participant in a multitude of fundamental cellular processes, CK2 is often considered to be a constitutively active enzyme which raises questions about how it can be a regulatory participant in intricately controlled cellular processes. To resolve this apparent paradox, we have performed a systematic analysis of the published literature using text mining as well as mining of proteomic databases together with computational assembly of networks that involve CK2. These analyses reinforce the notion that CK2 is involved in a broad variety of biological processes and also reveal an extensive interplay between CK2 phosphorylation and other post-translational modifications. The interplay between CK2 and other post-translational modifications suggests that CK2 does have intricate roles in orchestrating cellular events. In this respect, phosphorylation of specific substrates by CK2 could be regulated by other post-translational modifications and CK2 could also have roles in modulating other post-translational modifications. Collectively, these observations suggest that the actions of CK2 are precisely coordinated with other constituents of regulatory cellular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam J Rabalski
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - David W Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
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13
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Role of Eukaryotic Initiation Factors during Cellular Stress and Cancer Progression. J Nucleic Acids 2016; 2016:8235121. [PMID: 28083147 PMCID: PMC5204094 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8235121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis can be segmented into distinct phases comprising mRNA translation initiation, elongation, and termination. Translation initiation is a highly regulated and rate-limiting step of protein synthesis that requires more than 12 eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs). Extensive evidence shows that the transcriptome and corresponding proteome do not invariably correlate with each other in a variety of contexts. In particular, translation of mRNAs specific to angiogenesis, tumor development, and apoptosis is altered during physiological and pathophysiological stress conditions. In cancer cells, the expression and functions of eIFs are hampered, resulting in the inhibition of global translation and enhancement of translation of subsets of mRNAs by alternative mechanisms. A precise understanding of mechanisms involving eukaryotic initiation factors leading to differential protein expression can help us to design better strategies to diagnose and treat cancer. The high spatial and temporal resolution of translation control can have an immediate effect on the microenvironment of the cell in comparison with changes in transcription. The dysregulation of mRNA translation mechanisms is increasingly being exploited as a target to treat cancer. In this review, we will focus on this context by describing both canonical and noncanonical roles of eIFs, which alter mRNA translation.
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14
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Greene TT, Tokuyama M, Knudsen GM, Kunz M, Lin J, Greninger AL, DeFilippis VR, DeRisi JL, Raulet DH, Coscoy L. A Herpesviral induction of RAE-1 NKG2D ligand expression occurs through release of HDAC mediated repression. eLife 2016; 5:e14749. [PMID: 27874833 PMCID: PMC5132344 DOI: 10.7554/elife.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are essential for control of viral infection and cancer. NK cells express NKG2D, an activating receptor that directly recognizes NKG2D ligands. These are expressed at low level on healthy cells, but are induced by stresses like infection and transformation. The physiological events that drive NKG2D ligand expression during infection are still poorly understood. We observed that the mouse cytomegalovirus encoded protein m18 is necessary and sufficient to drive expression of the RAE-1 family of NKG2D ligands. We demonstrate that RAE-1 is transcriptionally repressed by histone deacetylase inhibitor 3 (HDAC3) in healthy cells, and m18 relieves this repression by directly interacting with Casein Kinase II and preventing it from activating HDAC3. Accordingly, we found that HDAC inhibiting proteins from human herpesviruses induce human NKG2D ligand ULBP-1. Thus our findings indicate that virally mediated HDAC inhibition can act as a signal for the host to activate NK-cell recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trever T Greene
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Maria Tokuyama
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Giselle M Knudsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Michele Kunz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - James Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Victor R DeFilippis
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, United States
| | - Joseph L DeRisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - David H Raulet
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Laurent Coscoy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
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15
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Bian Y, Han J, Kannabiran V, Mohan S, Cheng H, Friedman J, Zhang L, VanWaes C, Chen Z. MEK inhibitor PD-0325901 overcomes resistance to CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 and exhibits anti-tumor activity in head and neck cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:411-22. [PMID: 25798061 PMCID: PMC4366640 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine-threonine kinase CK2 exhibits genomic alterations and aberrant overexpression in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Here, we investigated the effects of CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 in human HNSCC cell lines and xenograft models. The IC50's of CX-4945 for 9 UM-SCC cell lines measured by MTT assay ranged from 3.4-11.9 μM. CX-4945 induced cell cycle arrest and cell death measured by DNA flow cytometry, and inhibited prosurvival mediators phospho-AKT and p-S6 in UM-SCC1 and UM-SCC46 cells. CX-4945 decreased NF-κB and Bcl-XL reporter gene activities in both cell lines, but upregulated proapoptotic TP53 and p21 reporter activities, and induced phospho-ERK, AP-1, and IL-8 activity in UM-SCC1 cells. CX-4945 exhibited modest anti-tumor activity in UM-SCC1 xenografts. Tumor immunostaining revealed significant inhibition of PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway and increased apoptosis marker TUNEL, but also induced p-ERK, c-JUN, JUNB, FOSL1 and proliferation (Ki67) markers, as a possible resistance mechanism. To overcome the drug resistance, we tested MEK inhibitor PD-0325901 (PD-901), which inhibited ERK-AP-1 activation alone and in combination with CX-4945. PD-901 alone displayed significant anti-tumor effects in vivo, and the combination of PD-901 and CX-4945 slightly enhanced anti-tumor activity when compared with PD-901 alone. Immunostaining of tumor specimens after treatment revealed inhibition of p-AKT S129 and p-AKT T308 by CX-4945, and inhibition of p-ERK T202/204 and AP-1 family member FOSL-1 by PD-901. Our study reveals a drug resistance mechanism mediated by the MEK-ERK-AP-1 pathway in HNSCC. MEK inhibitor PD-0325901 is active in HNSCC resistant to CX-4945, meriting further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Bian
- 1. Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiawei Han
- 1. Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; ; 2. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National Key Discipline, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Vishnu Kannabiran
- 1. Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; ; 3. NIH Clinical Research Training Program-NIH Medical Research Scholars Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suresh Mohan
- 1. Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; ; 3. NIH Clinical Research Training Program-NIH Medical Research Scholars Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hui Cheng
- 1. Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jay Friedman
- 1. Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luo Zhang
- 2. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National Key Discipline, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Carter VanWaes
- 1. Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- 1. Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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16
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Autophagosome-mediated EGFR down-regulation induced by the CK2 inhibitor enhances the efficacy of EGFR-TKI on EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells with resistance by T790M. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114000. [PMID: 25486409 PMCID: PMC4259313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 has diverse functions promoting and maintaining cancer phenotypes. We investigated the effect of CK2 inhibition in lung cancer cells with T790M-mediated resistance to the EGFR-TK inhibitor. Resistant sublines of PC-9 to gefitinib (PC-9/GR) and erlotinib (PC-9/ER) were established by previous study, and T790M secondary mutation was found in both resistant sublines. A decrease of EGFR by siRNA treatment effectively controlled the growth of resistant cells, thus suggesting that they still have EGFR-dependency. CX-4945, a potent and selective CK2 inhibitor, induced autophagy in PC-9/GR and PC-9/ER, and which was supported by the induction of autophagic vacuoles and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) expression, and the increase of punctate fluorescent signals in resistant cells pre-transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged LC3. However, the withdrawal of CX-4945 led to the recovery of cancer cells with autophagy. We found that the induction of autophagy by CX-4945 in both resistant cells was CK2 dependent by using small interfering RNA against CK2. The treatment with CX-4945 alone induced a minimal growth inhibition in resistant cells. However, combined treatment of CX-4945 and EGFR-TKI effectively inhibited cancer-cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. CX-4945 increased the translocation of EGFR from the cell surface into the autophagosome, subsequently leading to the decrease of EGFR while inhibition of autophagy by 3MA or Atg7-targeted siRNA pretreatment reduced the decrease of EGFR by CX-4945. Accordingly, apoptosis by a combination of CX-4945 and EGFR-TKI was suppressed by 3MA or Atg7-targeted siRNA pretreatment, thus suggesting that autophagosome-mediated EGFR down-regulation would have an important role regarding apoptotic cell death by EGFR-TKI. Combined treatment of the CK2 inhibitor and EGFR-TKI may be a promising strategy for overcoming T790M-mediated resistance.
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17
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Fresques T, Niles B, Aronova S, Mogri H, Rakhshandehroo T, Powers T. Regulation of ceramide synthase by casein kinase 2-dependent phosphorylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:1395-403. [PMID: 25429105 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.621086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex sphingolipids are important components of eukaryotic cell membranes and, together with their biosynthetic precursors, including sphingoid long chain bases and ceramides, have important signaling functions crucial for cell growth and survival. Ceramides are produced at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane by a multicomponent enzyme complex termed ceramide synthase (CerS). In budding yeast, this complex is composed of two catalytic subunits, Lac1 and Lag1, as well as an essential regulatory subunit, Lip1. Proper formation of ceramides by CerS has been shown previously to require the Cka2 subunit of casein kinase 2 (CK2), a ubiquitous enzyme with multiple cellular functions, but the precise mechanism involved has remained unidentified. Here we present evidence that Lac1 and Lag1 are direct targets for CK2 and that phosphorylation at conserved positions within the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of each protein is required for optimal CerS activity. Our data suggest that phosphorylation of Lac1 and Lag1 is important for proper localization and distribution of CerS within the ER membrane and that phosphorylation of these sites is functionally linked to the COP I-dependent C-terminal dilysine ER retrieval pathway. Together, our data identify CK2 as an important regulator of sphingolipid metabolism, and additionally, because both ceramides and CK2 have been implicated in the regulation of cancer, our findings may lead to an enhanced understanding of their relationship in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Fresques
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Brad Niles
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Sofia Aronova
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Huzefa Mogri
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Taha Rakhshandehroo
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Ted Powers
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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18
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Synthesis of novel chiral TBBt derivatives with hydroxyl moiety. Studies on inhibition of human protein kinase CK2α and cytotoxicity properties. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:364-74. [PMID: 25036794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The efficient method for the synthesis of novel 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzotriazole (TBBt) derivatives bearing a single stereogenic center has been developed. New compounds with a variety of substituents at the meta- and para-position of the phenyl ring are reported. All of the presented compounds were obtained using classical synthetic methods, such as bromination of benzotriazole, and its subsequent alkylation by monotosylated arylpropane-1,3-diols, which in turn have been synthesized through reduction of the corresponding prochiral β-keto esters, and the selective monotosylation of the primary hydroxyl group. The influence of the new and previously reported N-hydroxyalkyl TBBt derivatives on the activity of human protein kinase CK2α catalytic subunit was examined. The most active were derivatives with N-hydroxyalkyl substituents (IC50 in 0.80-7.35 μM range). A binding mode of (R)-1-(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)butan-3-ol 7b to hCK2α has been proposed based on in silico docking studies. Additionally, MTT-based cytotoxicity tests demonstrated high activities of novel 1-aryl-3-TBBt-propan-1-ol and 3-TBBt-propan-1,2-diol derivatives against human peripheral blood T lymphoblast (CCRF-CEM), and moderate anti-tumor activities against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cell lines.
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19
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Yang XL, Li QR, Ning ZB, Zhang Y, Zeng R, Wu JR. Identification of complex relationship between protein kinases and substrates during the cell cycle of HeLa cells by phosphoproteomic analysis. Proteomics 2013; 13:1233-46. [PMID: 23322592 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Each phase of eukaryotic cell cycle is tightly controlled by multicomponent regulatory networks based on complex relationships of protein phosphorylation. In order to better understand the relationships between kinases and their substrate proteins during the progression of cell cycle, we analyzed phosphoproteome of HeLa cells during G1, S, and G2/M phases of cell cycle using our developed quantitative phosphoproteomic approaches. A total of 4776 high-confidence phosphorylation sites (phosphosites) in 1177 proteins were identified. Bioinformatics analysis for predicting kinase groups revealed that 46 kinase groups could be assigned to 4321 phosphosites. The majority of phosphoproteins harboring two or more phosphosites could be phosphorylated by different kinase groups, in which nine major kinase groups accounted for more than 90% phosphosites. Further analyses showed that approximately half of the examined two phosphosite combinations were correlatively regulated, regardless of whether the kinase groups were same or not. In general, the majority of proteins containing correlated phosphosites had solely co-regulated or counter-regulated phosphosites, and co-regulation was significantly more frequent than counter-regulation, suggesting that the former may be more important for regulating the cell cycle. In conclusion, our findings provide new insights into the complex regulatory mechanisms of protein phosphorylation networks during eukaryotic cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
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20
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Anti-androgen receptor activity of apoptotic CK2 inhibitor CX4945 in human prostate cancer LNCap cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5470-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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21
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Kim J, Kim SH. Druggability of the CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 as an anticancer drug and beyond. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:1293-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Tarrant MK, Rho HS, Xie Z, Jiang YL, Gross C, Culhane JC, Yan G, Qian J, Ichikawa Y, Matsuoka T, Zachara N, Etzkorn FA, Hart GW, Jeong JS, Blackshaw S, Zhu H, Cole PA. Regulation of CK2 by phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation revealed by semisynthesis. Nat Chem Biol 2012; 8:262-9. [PMID: 22267120 PMCID: PMC3288285 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein Ser/Thr kinase CK2 (casein kinase II) is involved in a myriad of cellular processes including cell growth and proliferation by phosphorylating hundreds of substrates, yet the regulation process of CK2 function is poorly understood. Here we report that the CK2 catalytic subunit CK2α is modified by O-GlcNAc on Ser347, proximal to a cyclin-dependent kinase phosphorylation site (Thr344) on the same protein. We use protein semisynthesis to show that Thr344 phosphorylation increases CK2α cellular stability via Pin1 interaction whereas Ser347 glycosylation appears to be antagonistic to Thr344 phosphorylation and permissive to proteasomal degradation. By performing kinase assays with the site-specifically modified phospho- and glyco-modified CK2α in combination with CK2β and Pin1 binding partners on human protein microarrays, we show that CK2 kinase substrate selectivity is modulated by these specific posttranslational modifications. This study suggests how a promiscuous protein kinase can be regulated at multiple levels to achieve particular biological outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Katherine Tarrant
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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23
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Sawada H, Yamahama Y, Yamamoto T, Togawa T, Mase K. Developmental changes in the localization of protein kinase CK2 in non-diapause and diapause eggs of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Zoolog Sci 2012; 29:6-10. [PMID: 22233490 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.29.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the role of protein kinase CK2 (CK2) during early embryogenesis in non-diapause and diapause of the silkworm, the distribution and localization of Bombyx mori CK2 (BmCK2) were investigated by an immunohistochemical technique using antibodies against the α- and β-subunits of BmCK2. Both were localized in blastoderm cells of non-diapause and diapause eggs until 24 h after oviposition. More than 24 h after oviposition, however, the distribution of BmCK2 was different in non-diapause and diapause eggs. In non-diapause eggs, BmCK2 was mainly localized in yolk cells. In contrast, in diapause eggs, the localization was mainly observed in germ-band cells. Furthermore, we confirmed that the RNA helicase-like protein that was localized together with BmCK2 in non-diapause eggs was phosphorylated by BmCK2 in vitro. These data suggest that the role of BmCK2 is different in non-diapause and diapause eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sawada
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of General Studies, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Sakurajosui 3-25-40, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan.
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of benzo[d]imidazole derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:1317-21. [PMID: 22225635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We herein report the synthesis, biological activity and structure-activity relationship of derivatives of 5,6-dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole and benzo[d]imidazole. A lead compound 6o demonstrates potent anti-proliferative activity and the ability to induce cancer cell apoptosis.
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25
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Ström CE, Mortusewicz O, Finch D, Parsons JL, Lagerqvist A, Johansson F, Schultz N, Erixon K, Dianov GL, Helleday T. CK2 phosphorylation of XRCC1 facilitates dissociation from DNA and single-strand break formation during base excision repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2011; 10:961-9. [PMID: 21840775 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
CK2 phosphorylates the scaffold protein XRCC1, which is required for efficient DNA single-strand break (SSB) repair. Here, we express an XRCC1 protein (XRCC1(ckm)) that cannot be phosphorylated by CK2 in XRCC1 mutated EM9 cells and show that the role of this post-translational modification gives distinct phenotypes in SSB repair and base excision repair (BER). Interestingly, we find that fewer SSBs are formed during BER after treatment with the alkylating agent dimethyl sulfate (DMS) in EM9 cells expressing XRCC1(ckm) (CKM cells) or following inhibition with the CK2 inhibitor 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole (DMAT). We also show that XRCC1(ckm) protein has a higher affinity for DNA than wild type XRCC1 protein and resides in an immobile fraction on DNA, in particular after damage. We propose a model whereby the increased affinity for DNA sequesters XRCC1(ckm) and the repair enzymes associated with it, at the repair site, which retards kinetics of BER. In conclusion, our results indicate that phosphorylation of XRCC1 by CK2 facilitates the BER incision step, likely by promoting dissociation from DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia E Ström
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Toxicology, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Wu H, Symes K, Seldin DC, Dominguez I. Threonine 393 of beta-catenin regulates interaction with Axin. J Cell Biochem 2010; 108:52-63. [PMID: 19565571 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CK2 is a regulatory kinase implicated in embryonic development and in cancer. Among the CK2 substrates is beta-catenin, a protein with dual function in Wnt signaling and cell adhesion. Previously, we reported that CK2 activity is required for beta-catenin stability and we identified threonine (T) 393 as a major CK2 phosphorylation site in beta-catenin. However, it is not known whether phosphorylation at T393 increases beta-catenin stability and if so, what is the mechanism. In this study we investigate the molecular mechanism of beta-catenin stabilization through phosphorylation at T393. We found that pseudophosphorylation of beta-catenin at T393 resulted in a stable activated form of beta-catenin with decreased affinity for Axin in vitro. This phosphomimetic mutant also displayed decreased regulation by Axin in vivo in a bioassay in Xenopus laevis embryos. In contrast, the binding of T393 pseudophosphorylated beta-catenin to E-cadherin was unaffected. Further analysis showed that pseudophosphorylation at T393 did not prevent beta-catenin phosphorylation by GSK3beta. Interestingly, we found that in the presence of pseudophophorylated beta-catenin and another activated form of beta-catenin, the recruitment of GSK3beta to Axin is enhanced. These findings indicate that phosphorylation of T393 by CK2 may affect the stability of beta-catenin through decreased binding to Axin. In addition, the increased recruitment of GSK3beta to the destruction complex in the presence of activated beta-catenin mutants could be a feedback mechanism to suppress overactive Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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