1
|
Ghasemi N, Azizi H. Exploring Myc puzzle: Insights into cancer, stem cell biology, and PPI networks. Gene 2024; 916:148447. [PMID: 38583818 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
"The grand orchestrator," "Universal Amplifier," "double-edged sword," and "Undruggable" are just some of the Myc oncogene so-called names. It has been around 40 years since the discovery of the Myc, and it remains in the mainstream of cancer treatment drugs. Myc is part of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) superfamily proteins, and its dysregulation can be seen in many malignant human tumors. It dysregulates critical pathways in cells that are connected to each other, such as proliferation, growth, cell cycle, and cell adhesion, impacts miRNAs action, intercellular metabolism, DNA replication, differentiation, microenvironment regulation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Myc, surprisingly, is used in stem cell research too. Its family includes three members, MYC, MYCN, and MYCL, and each dysfunction was observed in different cancer types. This review aims to introduce Myc and its function in the body. Besides, Myc deregulatory mechanisms in cancer cells, their intricate aspects will be discussed. We will look at promising drugs and Myc-based therapies. Finally, Myc and its role in stemness, Myc pathways based on PPI network analysis, and future insights will be explained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Ghasemi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luo P, Chen G, Shi Z, Yang J, Wang X, Pan J, Zhu L. Comprehensive multi-omics analysis of tryptophan metabolism-related gene expression signature to predict prognosis in gastric cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1267186. [PMID: 37908977 PMCID: PMC10613981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1267186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The 5-year survival of gastric cancer (GC) patients with advanced stage remains poor. Some evidence has indicated that tryptophan metabolism may induce cancer progression through immunosuppressive responses and promote the malignancy of cancer cells. The role of tryptophan and its metabolism should be explored for an in-depth understanding of molecular mechanisms during GC development. Material and methods: We utilized the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset to screen tryptophan metabolism-associated genes via single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and correlation analysis. Consensus clustering analysis was employed to construct different molecular subtypes. Most common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined from the molecular subtypes. Univariate cox analysis as well as lasso were performed to establish a tryptophan metabolism-associated gene signature. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was utilized to evaluate signaling pathways. ESTIMATE, ssGSEA, and TIDE were used for the evaluation of the gastric tumor microenvironment. Results: Two tryptophan metabolism-associated gene molecular subtypes were constructed. Compared to the C2 subtype, the C1 subtype showed better prognosis with increased CD4 positive memory T cells as well as activated dendritic cells (DCs) infiltration and suppressed M2-phenotype macrophages inside the tumor microenvironment. The immune checkpoint was downregulated in the C1 subtype. A total of eight key genes, EFNA3, GPX3, RGS2, CXCR4, SGCE, ADH4, CST2, and GPC3, were screened for the establishment of a prognostic risk model. Conclusion: This study concluded that the tryptophan metabolism-associated genes can be applied in GC prognostic prediction. The risk model established in the current study was highly accurate in GC survival prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Linghua Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Asghariazar V, Kadkhodayi M, Sarailoo M, Jolfayi AG, Baradaran B. MicroRNA-143 as a potential tumor suppressor in cancer: An insight into molecular targets and signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154792. [PMID: 37689002 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (MiRNAs), which are highly conserved and small noncoding RNAs, negatively regulate gene expression and influence signaling pathways involved in essential biological activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell invasion. MiRNAs have received much attention in the past decade due to their significant roles in cancer development. In particular, microRNA-143 (miR-143) is recognized as a tumor suppressor and is downregulated in most cancers. However, it seems that miR-143 is upregulated in rare cases, such as prostate cancer stem cells, and acts as an oncogene. The present review will outline the current studies illustrating the impact of miR-143 expression levels on cancer progression and discuss its target genes and their relevant signaling pathways to discover a potential therapeutic way for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Asghariazar
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Deputy of Research and Technology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Mahtab Kadkhodayi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sarailoo
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bian G, Li W, Huang D, Zhang Q, Ding X, Zang X, Ye Y, Cao J, Li P. The cancer/testis antigen HORMAD1 promotes gastric cancer progression by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:5808-5825. [PMID: 37854207 PMCID: PMC10579032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES HORMAD1 is a cancer/testis antigen (CTAs) that regulates DNA homologous recombination, mismatch repair, and other tumor characteristics. However, its role and regulatory mechanisms in gastric cancer remain unclear. METHODS We performed transcriptomic profiling on seven gastric cancers and paired tissues; HORMAD1 was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer samples and was related to poor prognosis survival. Furthermore, cancer pathway microarray, bioinformatic analysis, western blot, and immunochemistry assay demonstrated that HORMAD1 affected the NF-κB signaling pathway. RESULTS In vitro and vivo studies confirmed that HORMAD1 knockdown inhibited cell growth and invasion, whereas overexpression reversed these effects. Mechanistically, HORMAD1 regulates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process (EMT) via the NF-κB pathway by increasing the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB (p-65) and Iκκ-β. Downstream target genes of the NF-κB signaling pathway, such as c-Myc, CyclinD1, may be involved in HORMAD1-induced tumorigenesis in gastric cancer (GC). CONCLUSIONS HORMAD1 plays an important role in gastric cancer progression and could be a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Bian
- Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230022, Anhui, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Weiyu Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive DiseasesBeijing 100050, China
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050, China
| | - Dabing Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Xiping Ding
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaodong Zang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Yingquan Ye
- Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230022, Anhui, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230022, Anhui, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230022, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tang Y, Dong L, Zhang C, Li X, Li R, Lin H, Qi Y, Tang M, Peng Y, Liu C, Zhou J, Hou N, Liu W, Yang G, Yang X, Teng Y. PRMT5 acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in murine gastric tumorigenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4329-4340. [PMID: 35864961 PMCID: PMC9295066 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.71581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the in vitro oncogenic role of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in gastric cancer cell lines. The in vivo function of PRMT5 in gastric tumorigenesis, however, is still unexplored. Here, we showed that Prmt5 deletion in mouse gastric epithelium resulted in spontaneous tumorigenesis in gastric antrum. All Prmt5-deficient mice displayed intestinal-type gastric cancer within 4 months of age. Of note, 20% (2/10) of Prmt5 mutants finally developed into invasive gastric cancer by 8 months of age. Gastric cancer caused by PRMT5 loss exhibited the increase in Lgr5+ stem cells, which are proposed to contribute to both the gastric tumorigenesis and progression in mouse models. Consistent with the notion that Lgr5 is the target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, whose activation is the most predominant driver for gastric tumorigenesis, Prmt5 mutant gastric cancer showed the activation of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling. Furthermore, in human gastric cancer samples, PRMT5 deletion and downregulation were frequently observed and associated with the poor prognosis. We propose that as opposed to the tumor-promoting role of PRMT5 well-established in the progression of various cancer types, PRMT5 functions as a tumor suppressor in vivo, at least during gastric tumor formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Centre, National Centre for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China.,Laboratory Animal Center, the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Centre, National Centre for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Centre, National Centre for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiubin Li
- Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Rongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Centre, National Centre for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Huisang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Centre, National Centre for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yini Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Centre, National Centre for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mingchuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Centre, National Centre for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanli Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Centre, National Centre for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Centre, National Centre for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Centre, National Centre for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ning Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Centre, National Centre for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Centre, National Centre for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Centre, National Centre for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Centre, National Centre for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Centre, National Centre for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Larios-Serrato V, Martínez-Ezquerro JD, Valdez-Salazar HA, Torres J, Camorlinga-Ponce M, Piña-Sánchez P, Ruiz-Tachiquín ME. Copy number alterations and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition genes in diffuse and intestinal gastric cancers in Mexican patients. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:191. [PMID: 35362543 PMCID: PMC8985205 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignancy with the highest mortality rate among diseases of the digestive system, worldwide. The present study of GC alterations is crucial to the understanding of tumor biology and the establishment of important aspects of cancer prognosis and treatment response. In the present study, DNA from Mexican patients with diffuse GC (DGC), intestinal GC (IGC) or non‑atrophic gastritis (NAG; control) was purified and whole‑genome analysis was performed with high‑density arrays. Shared and unique copy number alterations (CNA) were identified between the different tissues involving key genes and signaling pathways associated with cancer. This led to the molecular distinction and identification of the most relevant molecular functions to be identified. A more detailed bioinformatics analysis of epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes revealed that the altered network associated with chromosomal alterations included 11 genes that were shared between DGC, IGC and NAG, as well as 19 DGC‑ and 7 IGC‑exclusive genes. Furthermore, the main molecular functions included adhesion, angiogenesis, migration, metastasis, morphogenesis, proliferation and survival. The present study provided the first whole‑genome high‑density array analysis in Mexican patients with GC and revealed shared and exclusive CNA‑associated genes in DGC and IGC. In addition, a bioinformatics‑predicted network was generated, focusing on CNA‑altered genes associated with EMT and the hallmarks of cancer, as well as precancerous alterations that may lead to GC. Molecular signatures of diffuse and intestinal GC, predicted bioinformatically, involve common and distinct CNA‑EMT genes related to the hallmarks of cancer that are potential candidates for screening biomarkers of GC, including early stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Larios-Serrato
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Genomic Bioinformatics, National School of Biological Sciences (ENCB), National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), Lázaro Cárdenas Professional Unit, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - José-Darío Martínez-Ezquerro
- Epidemiological and Health Services Research Unit, Aging Area (UIESSAE), XXI Century National Medical Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Hilda-Alicia Valdez-Salazar
- Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Medical Research Unit (UIMEIP), High Specialty Medical Unit (UMAE)‑Pediatrics Hospital 'Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund', XXI Century National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Javier Torres
- Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Medical Research Unit (UIMEIP), High Specialty Medical Unit (UMAE)‑Pediatrics Hospital 'Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund', XXI Century National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Margarita Camorlinga-Ponce
- Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Medical Research Unit (UIMEIP), High Specialty Medical Unit (UMAE)‑Pediatrics Hospital 'Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund', XXI Century National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Patricia Piña-Sánchez
- Oncological Diseases Medical Research Unit (UIMEO), UMAE‑Oncology Hospital, XXI Century National Medical Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Martha-Eugenia Ruiz-Tachiquín
- Oncological Diseases Medical Research Unit (UIMEO), UMAE‑Oncology Hospital, XXI Century National Medical Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li B, Chen Y, Liang L, Wang Y, Huang W, Zhao K, Liu S, Deng G, Chen J. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles shuttle c-Myc to promote gastric cancer growth and metastasis via the KCNQ1OT1/miR-556-3p/CLIC1 axis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:217. [PMID: 35260554 PMCID: PMC8904444 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) assume a role in intercellular communication by carrying various molecules, including proteins, RNA, and DNAs, which has been identified to exhibit oncogenic effect in GC. Therefore, this research aimed to figure out whether tumor-derived EVs transmit c-Myc to orchestrate the growth and metastasis of GC. KCNQ1OT1, microRNA (miR)-556-3p and CLIC1 expression of GC tissues was detected through RT-qPCR. EVs were isolated from GC cells, followed by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis of c-Myc expression in EVs and GC cells. Next, GC cells were incubated with EVs or transfected with a series of mimic, inhibitor, or siRNAs to assess their effects on cell viability, migrative, invasive, and apoptotic potential. Relationship among c-Myc, KCNQ1OT1, miR-556-3p, and CLIC1 was evaluated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. PI3K/AKT pathway-related proteins were assessed through Western blot analysis. KCNQ1OT1 and CLIC1 were highly expressed but miR-556-3p in GC tissues. c-Myc was high-expressed in tumor-derived EVs and GC cells. Mechanistically, c-Myc could induce KCNQ1OT1 expression, and KCNQ1OT1 bound to miR-556-3p that negatively targeted CLIC1 to inactivate PI3K/AKT pathway. Tumor-derived EVs, EVs-c-Myc, KCNQ1OT1 or CLIC1 overexpression, or miR-556-3p inhibition promoted GC cell proliferative, invasive, and migrative capacities but repressed their apoptosis through activating PI3K/AKT pathway. Collectively, tumor-derived EVs carrying c-Myc activated KCNQ1OT1 to downregulate miR-556-3p, thus elevating CLIC1 expression to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway, which facilitated the growth and metastasis of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bopei Li
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, 530021, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Yeyang Chen
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yulin, 537000, Yulin, P.R. China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530007, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Ye Wang
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Huang
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Departments of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Guofei Deng
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Junqiang Chen
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, P.R. China. .,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, 530021, Nanning, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li C, Li W, Cao S, Xu J, Qian Y, Pan X, Lei D, Wei D. Circ_0058106 promotes proliferation, metastasis and EMT process by regulating Wnt2b/β-catenin/c-Myc pathway through miR-185-3p in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1063. [PMID: 34750351 PMCID: PMC8575998 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) accounts 95% of hypopharyngeal cancer, which is characterized by high early metastasis rate and poor prognosis. It is reported that circular RNA is involved in the occurrence and development of cancer; however, the role of circRNA in hypopharyngeal cancer has little been investigated. We performed hypopharyngeal carcinoma circRNA microarray and qRT-PCR verification. The results showed circ_0058106 expression level was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues than in corresponding normal tissues. We found that circ_0058106 upregulation promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of HSCC cells, while knockdown of circ_0058106 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of HSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics predicted circ_0058106 may interact with miR-185-3p. We verified circ_0058106 directly bound miR-185-3p and downregulated miR-185-3p expression by using dual-luciferase reporter assay and qRT-PCR. Moreover, we proved circ_0058106 promoted HSCC cells tumorigenesis and EMT process by regulating Wnt2b/β-catenin/c-Myc pathway via miR-185-3p. In conclusion, our findings firstly confirmed the carcinogenic effect of circ_0058106 in promoting HSCC cells tumorigenesis, metastasis, invasion and EMT process by regulating Wnt2b/β-catenin/c-Myc pathway through sponging miR-185-3p, indicating that circ_0058106 may be a new therapeutic target and prognostic marker for HSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ce Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), 107 West Wenhua Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenming Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), 107 West Wenhua Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengda Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), 107 West Wenhua Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianing Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), 107 West Wenhua Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ye Qian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), 107 West Wenhua Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinliang Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), 107 West Wenhua Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dapeng Lei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), 107 West Wenhua Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dongmin Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), 107 West Wenhua Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen C, Ahmad MJ, Ye T, Du C, Zhang X, Liang A, Yang L. Cathepsin B Regulates Mice Granulosa Cells' Apoptosis and Proliferation In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111827. [PMID: 34769258 PMCID: PMC8584394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CTSB), a lysosomal cysteine protease’s high expression and activity, has been reported to cause poor-quality embryos in porcine and bovine. Nevertheless, CTSB functions in mice granulosa cells remain to explore. To discuss the CTSB functional role in follicular dynamics, we studied apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle progression, and related signaling pathways in primary mouse granulosa cells transfected with small interference RNA specific to CTSB (siCTSB) for 48 h. Further, mRNA and protein expression of cell proliferation regulators (Myc and cyclin D2), apoptosis regulators (caspase 3, caspase 8, TNF-α, and Bcl2), steroidogenesis-related genes (FSHR and CYP11A1), and autophagy markers (LC3-I and ATG5) were investigated. In addition, the effect of CTSB on steroidogenesis and autophagy was also examined. Flow cytometry analysis assay displayed that silencing of CTSB decreased the early and total apoptosis rate by downregulating TNF-α, caspase 8, and caspase 3, and upregulating Bcl2. By regulating Myc and cyclin D2 expression and activating the p-Akt and p-ERK pathways, CTSB knockdown increased GC proliferation and number. A significant decline in estradiol and progesterone concentrations was observed parallel to a significant decrease in autophagy-related markers LC3-I and ATG5 compared to the control group. Herein, we demonstrated that CTSB serves as a proapoptotic agent and plays a critical role in folliculogenesis in female mice by mediating apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, and steroidogenesis. Hence, CTSB could be a potential prognostic agent for female infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (M.J.A.); (T.Y.); (C.D.); (X.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Muhammad Jamil Ahmad
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (M.J.A.); (T.Y.); (C.D.); (X.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Tingzhu Ye
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (M.J.A.); (T.Y.); (C.D.); (X.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Chao Du
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (M.J.A.); (T.Y.); (C.D.); (X.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (M.J.A.); (T.Y.); (C.D.); (X.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Aixin Liang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (M.J.A.); (T.Y.); (C.D.); (X.Z.); (A.L.)
- Hubei Province’s Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (M.J.A.); (T.Y.); (C.D.); (X.Z.); (A.L.)
- Hubei Province’s Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-8728-1813
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu J, Feng W, Liu M, Rao H, Li X, Teng Y, Yang X, Xu J, Gao W, Li L. Stomach-specific c-Myc overexpression drives gastric adenoma in mice through AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:434-446. [PMID: 33259779 PMCID: PMC8292868 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.4978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant cancers in the world. c-Myc, a well-known oncogene, is commonly amplified in many cancers, including gastric cancer. However, it is still not completely understood how c-Myc functions in GC. Here, we generated a stomach-specific c-Myc transgenic mouse model to investigate its role in GC. We found that overexpression of c-Myc in Atp4b+ gastric parietal cells could induce gastric adenoma in mice. Mechanistically, c-Myc promoted tumorigenesis via the AKT/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, AKT inhibitor (MK-2206) or mTOR inhibitor (Rapamycin) inhibited the proliferation of c-Myc overexpressing gastric cancer cell lines. Thus, our findings highlight that gastric tumorigenesis can be induced by c-Myc overexpression through activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanyu Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tian Y, Zeng J, Yang Z. MicroRNA-27b inhibits the development of melanoma by targeting MYC. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:370. [PMID: 33747226 PMCID: PMC7967934 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is a malignancy with one of the fastest increasing incidence rates worldwide; however, the mechanism underlying the occurrence and development of melanoma remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to identify novel biomarkers for the occurrence and development of melanoma. The results of the present study demonstrated that the expression levels of microRNA (miR)-27b were decreased in melanoma tissue samples compared with those in adjacent noncancerous tissue samples and cells according to online and experimental data. By contrast, MYC expression levels were upregulated in melanoma compared with those in adjacent noncancerous tissue samples. miR-27b overexpression significantly inhibited A375 and A2085 melanoma cell DNA synthesis, viability and invasive ability. Dual-luciferase reporter assay results demonstrated that miR-27b inhibited MYC expression through binding to the 3′-untranslated region of MYC mRNA. MYC knockdown in melanoma cells exerted similar effects to those of miR-27b overexpression on DNA synthesis, cell viability and invasive ability; the effects of miR-27b inhibition were significantly reversed by MYC knockdown. In conclusion, the miR-27b/MYC axis may modulate malignant melanoma cell biological behaviors and may be a potential target for melanoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Juanni Zeng
- Department of Anorectal Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Zongliang Yang
- Department of Anorectal Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Downregulated genes by silencing MYC pathway identified with RNA-SEQ analysis as potential prognostic biomarkers in gastric adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24651-24670. [PMID: 33351778 PMCID: PMC7803532 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MYC overexpression is a common phenomenon in gastric carcinogenesis. In this study, we identified genes differentially expressed with a downregulated profile in gastric cancer (GC) cell lines with silenced MYC. The TTLL12, CDKN3, CDC16, PTPRA, MZT2B, UBE2T genes were validated using qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry in tissues of 213 patients with diffuse and intestinal GC. We identified high levels of TTLL12, MZT2B, CDC16, UBE2T, associated with early and advanced stages, lymph nodes, distant metastases and risk factors such as H. pylori. Our results show that in the diffuse GC the overexpression of CDC16 and UBE2T indicate markers of poor prognosis higher than TTLL12. That is, patients with overexpression of these two genes live less than patients with overexpression of TTLL12. In the intestinal GC, patients who overexpressed CDC16 had a significantly lower survival rate than patients who overexpressed MZT2B and UBE2T, indicating in our data a worse prognostic value of CDC16 compared to the other two genes. PTPRA and CDKN3 proved to be important for assessing tumor progression in the early and advanced stages. In summary, in this study, we identified diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of GC under the control of MYC, related to the cell cycle and the neoplastic process.
Collapse
|
13
|
HDAC3-dependent transcriptional repression of FOXA2 regulates FTO/m6A/MYC signaling to contribute to the development of gastric cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:141-155. [PMID: 32655129 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As one of the deadliest malignancies, gastric cancer (GC) is often accompanied by a low 5-year survival following initial diagnosis, which accounts for a substantial proportion of cancer-related deaths each year worldwide. Altered epigenetic modifications of cancer oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes emerge as novel mechanisms have been implicated the pathogenesis of GC. In the current study, we aim to elucidate whether histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) exerts oncogenic role in GC, and investigate the possible mechanism. Initially, we collected 64 paired cancerous and noncancerous tissues surgically resected from GC patients. Positive expression of HDAC3, FTO, and MYC in the tissues was measured using Immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, GC cell line BGC-823/AGS was selected and treated with lentivirus vectors for alteration of HDAC3, FTO, or FOXA2 expressions, followed by detection on mRNA and protein levels of HDAC3, FOXA2, FTO, and MYC using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot assays. The results demonstrated that the expressions of HDAC3, FTO and MYC were upregulated, while FOXA2 expression was downregulated in GC tissues and cells. After that, the cell viability, migration, and invasion of GC cells were assessed by CCK-8 and Transwell assays, revealing that HDAC3 accelerated GC cell viability, migration and invasion by degrading FOXA2. Subsequently, the binding relationship among HDAC3, FOXA2, FTO, and MYC was assessed by assays of immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase reporter gene, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Methylation of m6A mRNA in GC cells was detected via gene-specific m6A qPCR and dot-blot assays. The transcription factor FOXA2 was found to bind to the FTO gene promoter and decreased its expression, while FTO stabilized MYC mRNA by reducing m6A methylation of MYC in GC cells. In addition, HDAC3 was observed to maintain the FTO/m6A/MYC signaling and regulated GC progression, which was also supported by in vivo animal study data of GC cell tumorigenesis in nude mice. These key observations uncover the tumor-initiating activities of HDAC3 in GC through its regulation on FOXA2-mediated FTO/m6A/MYC axis, highlighting the potential of therapeutically targeting epigenetic modifications to combat GC.
Collapse
|
14
|
Deiana M, Chand K, Jamroskovic J, Das RN, Obi I, Chorell E, Sabouri N. A site-specific self-assembled light-up rotor probe for selective recognition and stabilization of c-MYC G-quadruplex DNA. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12950-12957. [PMID: 32525170 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03404e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Direct and unambiguous evidence of the formation of G-quadruplexes (G4s) in human cells have shown their implication in several key biological events and has emphasized their role as important targets for small-molecule cancer therapeutics. Here, we report on the first example of a self-assembled molecular-rotor G4-binder able to discriminate between an extensive panel of G4 and non-G4 structures and to selectively light-up (up to 64-fold), bind (nanomolar range), and stabilize the c-MYC promoter G4 DNA. In particular, association with the c-MYC G4 triggers the disassembly of its supramolecular state (disaggregation-induced emission, DIE) and induces geometrical restrictions (motion-induced change in emission, MICE) leading to a significant enhancement of its emission yield. Moreover, this optical reporter is able to selectively stabilize the c-MYC G4 and inhibit DNA synthesis. Finally, by using confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) we show the ability of this compound to localize primarily in the subnuclear G4-rich compartments of cancer cells. This work provides a benchmark for the future design and development of a new generation of smart sequence-selective supramolecular G4-binders that combine outstanding sensing and stability properties, to be utilized in anti-cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Deiana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Karam Chand
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jan Jamroskovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | - Ikenna Obi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Erik Chorell
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Nasim Sabouri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tuan NM, Lee CH. Role of Anillin in Tumour: From a Prognostic Biomarker to a Novel Target. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1600. [PMID: 32560530 PMCID: PMC7353083 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Anillin (ANLN), an actin-binding protein, reportedly plays a vital role in cell proliferation and migration, particularly in cytokinesis. Although there have been findings pointing to a contribution of ANLN to the development of cancer, the association of ANLN to cancer remains not fully understood. Here, we gather evidence to determine the applicability of ANLN as a prognostic tool for some types of cancer, and the impact that ANLN has on the hallmarks of cancer. We searched academic repositories including PubMed and Google Scholar to find and review studies related to cancer and ANLN. The conclusion is that ANLN could be a potent target for cancer treatment, but the roles ANLN, other than in cytokinesis and its influence on tumour microenvironment remodeling in cancer development, must be further elucidated, and specific ANLN inhibitors should be found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
George S, Lucero Y, Torres JP, Lagomarcino AJ, O'Ryan M. Gastric Damage and Cancer-Associated Biomarkers in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Children. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:90. [PMID: 32117120 PMCID: PMC7029740 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is well-known to be involved in gastric carcinogenesis, associated with deregulation of cell proliferation and epigenetic changes in cancer-related genes. H. pylori infection is largely acquired during childhood, persisting long-term in about half of infected individuals, a subset of whom will go on to develop peptic ulcer disease and eventually gastric cancer, however, the sequence of events leading to disease is not completely understood. Knowledge on carcinogenesis and gastric damage-related biomarkers is abundant in adult populations, but scarce in children. We performed an extensive literature review focusing on gastric cancer related biomarkers identified in adult populations, which have been detected in children infected with H. pylori. Biomarkers were related to expression levels (RNA or protein) and/or methylation levels (DNA) in gastric tissue or blood of infected children as compared to non-infected controls. In this review, we identified 37 biomarkers of which 24 are over expressed, three are under expressed, and ten genes are significantly hypermethylated in H. pylori-infected children compared to healthy controls in at least 1 study. Only four of these biomarkers (pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin, and SLC5A8) have been studied in asymptomatically infected children. Importantly, 13 of these biomarkers (β-catenin, C-MYC, GATA-4, DAPK1, CXCL13, DC-SIGN, TIMP3, EGFR, GRIN2B, PIM2, SLC5A8, CDH1, and VCAM-1.) are consistently deregulated in infected children and in adults with gastric cancer. Future studies should be designed to determine the clinical significance of these changes in infection-associated biomarkers in children and their persistence over time. The effect of eradication therapy over these biomarkers in children if proven significant, could lead to modifications in treatment guidelines for younger populations, and eventually promote the development of preventive strategies, such as vaccination, in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio George
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yalda Lucero
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Roberto del Río Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Torres
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anne J Lagomarcino
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel O'Ryan
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lim C, Xu JC, Chen TY, Xu JX, Chen WF, Hu JW, Li QL, Zhang YQ. Ubiquitin-specific peptide 22 acts as an oncogene in gastric cancer in a son of sevenless 1-dependent manner. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:45. [PMID: 32063746 PMCID: PMC7011508 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant expression of ubiquitin-specific peptide 22 (USP22) has been detected in various cancers. This study aimed to investigate the role of USP22 and the underlying mechanism in human gastric cancer. Methods The expression pattern of USP22 in human gastric cancer was detected in a tissue microarray containing 88 pairs of gastric cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue samples from patients with primary gastric cancer using immunohistochemical staining. The correlation of USP22 expression with clinical characteristics of patients, as well as their prognostic values in the overall survival of patients, were evaluated. USP22-overexpressing SGC7901 and USP22-silencing AGS cells were used to explore the role of USP22 in gastric cancer cell behavior in vitro and in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to identify differentially expressed genes induced by USP22 overexpression. Western blot analysis was conducted to detect the activation of RAS/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling in USP22-overexpressing SGC7901 cells and xenograft tumor tissues. Knockdown of RAS activator son of sevenless 1 (SOS1) was performed to investigate the role of SOS1 in USP22-regulated gastric cancer cell behavior and RAS signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Results USP22 protein expression was significantly increased in human gastric cancer tissues, compared with adjacent normal tissues, and was positively correlated with local tumor stage. Gain- and loss-of-function assays showed that USP22 promoted gastric cancer cell growth and cell cycle transition while suppressing apoptosis in vitro. Consistent results were observed in a xenograft mouse model. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that the overexpression of USP22 induced the upregulation of RAS activator son of sevenless 1 (SOS1) in SGC7901 cells. Western blot analysis showed that USP22 overexpression also induced activation of the RAS/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways in SGC7901 cells and xenograft tumor tissues. Furthermore, SOS1 silencing could reverse the effects of USP22 on gastric cancer cell behavior and RAS signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Our results suggest that USP22 acts as an oncogene in gastric cancer in a SOS1-dependent manner, identifying the USP22/SOS1/RAS axis as a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ChitChoon Lim
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 FengLin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jia-Cheng Xu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 FengLin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Tian-Yin Chen
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 FengLin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jia-Xin Xu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 FengLin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Wei-Feng Chen
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 FengLin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jian-Wei Hu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 FengLin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Quan-Lin Li
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 FengLin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yi-Qun Zhang
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 FengLin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang R, Song S, Harada K, Ghazanfari Amlashi F, Badgwell B, Pizzi MP, Xu Y, Zhao W, Dong X, Jin J, Wang Y, Scott A, Ma L, Huo L, Vicente D, Blum Murphy M, Shanbhag N, Tatlonghari G, Thomas I, Rogers J, Kobayashi M, Vykoukal J, Estrella JS, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Han G, Zhang S, Mao X, Song X, Zhang J, Gu J, Johnson RL, Calin GA, Peng G, Lee JS, Hanash SM, Futreal A, Wang Z, Wang L, Ajani JA. Multiplex profiling of peritoneal metastases from gastric adenocarcinoma identified novel targets and molecular subtypes that predict treatment response. Gut 2020; 69:18-31. [PMID: 31171626 PMCID: PMC6943252 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-318070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) occurs frequently in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) and confers a poor prognosis. Multiplex profiling of primary GACs has been insightful but the underpinnings of PC's development/progression remain largely unknown. We characterised exome/transcriptome/immune landscapes of PC cells from patients with GAC aiming to identify novel therapeutic targets. DESIGN We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) on 44 PC specimens (43 patients with PC) including an integrative analysis of WES, RNA-seq, immune profile, clinical and pathological phenotypes to dissect the molecular pathogenesis, identifying actionable targets and/or biomarkers and comparison with TCGA primary GACs. RESULTS We identified distinct alterations in PC versus primary GACs, such as more frequent CDH1 and TAF1 mutations, 6q loss and chr19 gain. Alterations associated with aggressive PC phenotypes emerged with increased mutations in TP53, CDH1, TAF1 and KMT2C, higher level of 'clock-like' mutational signature, increase in whole-genome doublings, chromosomal instability (particularly, copy number losses), reprogrammed microenvironment, enriched cell cycle pathways, MYC activation and impaired immune response. Integrated analysis identified two main molecular subtypes: 'mesenchymal-like' and 'epithelial-like' with discriminating response to chemotherapy (31% vs 71%). Patients with the less responsive 'mesenchymal-like' subtype had high expression of immune checkpoint T-Cell Immunoglobulin And Mucin Domain-Containing Protein 3 (TIM-3), its ligand galectin-9, V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) and transforming growth factor-β as potential therapeutic immune targets. CONCLUSIONS We have uncovered the unique mutational landscape, copy number alteration and gene expression profile of PC cells and defined PC molecular subtypes, which correlated with PC therapy resistance/response. Novel targets and immune checkpoint proteins have been identified with a potential to be translated into clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shumei Song
- GI Medical Oncology, UT MDACC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kazuto Harada
- GI Medical Oncology, UT MDACC, Houston, Texas, USA,Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yan Xu
- GI Medical Oncology, UT MDACC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- GI Medical Oncology, UT MDACC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Ying Wang
- GI Medical Oncology, UT MDACC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ailing Scott
- GI Medical Oncology, UT MDACC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lang Ma
- GI Medical Oncology, UT MDACC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Longfei Huo
- GI Medical Oncology, UT MDACC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Irene Thomas
- GI Medical Oncology, UT MDACC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jane Rogers
- Pharmacy Clinical Programs, UT MDACC, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jody Vykoukal
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, UT MDACC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Xizeng Mao
- Genomic Medicine, UT MDACC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Jian Gu
- Epidemiology, UT MDACC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Guang Peng
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, UT MDACC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Systems Biology, UT MDACC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Samir M Hanash
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, UT MDACC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Zhenning Wang
- Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li ZT, Zhang X, Wang DW, Xu J, Kou KJ, Wang ZW, Yong G, Liang DS, Sun XY. Overexpressed lncRNA GATA6-AS1 Inhibits LNM and EMT via FZD4 through the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in GC. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 19:827-840. [PMID: 31981860 PMCID: PMC6976905 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Accumulating evidence reveals the significance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in various cancers. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of GATA6 antisense RNA 1 (GATA6-AS1) in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lymph node metastasis (LNM) in GC. GC-related microarray datasets were initially retrieved from the GEO with differentially expressed lncRNAs screened, followed by evaluation of the regulatory relationship between Frizzled 4 (FZD4) and GATA6-AS1. The detailed regulatory mechanism by which GATA6-AS1 influences the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and GC cell biological behaviors was investigated by treating SGC7901 cells with overexpressed GATA6-AS1, specific antisense oligonucleotide against GATA6-AS1, and lithium chloride (LiCl; activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway). Finally, xenograft nude mice were used to assay tumor growth and LNM in vivo. GATA6-AS1 was poorly expressed, but FZD4 was highly expressed in GC tissues and cells. Elevated GATA6-AS1 reduced FZD4 expression by recruiting enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3) to the FZD4 promoter region via the inactivated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, whereby cell invasion, migration, and proliferation, tumor growth, and LNM in nude mice were reduced. Taken together, overexpressed GATA6-AS1 downregulated the expression of FZD4 to inactivate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which ultimately inhibited GC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Tian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China; Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Jian Kou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Gong Yong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - De-Sen Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China.
| | - Xue-Ying Sun
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China; Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sterea AM, Egom EE, El Hiani Y. TRP channels in gastric cancer: New hopes and clinical perspectives. Cell Calcium 2019; 82:102053. [PMID: 31279156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a multifactorial disease associated with a combination of and environmental factors. Each year, one million new gastric cancer cases are diagnosed worldwide and two-thirds end up losing the battle with this devastating disease. Currently, surgery represents the only effective treatment option for patients with early stage tumors. However, the asymptomatic phenotype of this disease during the early stages poses as a significant limiting factor to diagnosis and often renders treatments ineffective. To address these issues, scientists are focusing on personalized medicine and discovering new ways to treat cancer patients. Emerging therapeutic options include the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Since their discovery, TRP channels have been shown to contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of various cancers, including gastric cancer. This review will summarize the current knowledge about gastric cancer and provide a synopsis of recent advancements on the role and involvement of TRP channels in gastric cancer as well as a discussion of the benefits of targeting TPR channel in the clinical management of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andra M Sterea
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Emmanuel E Egom
- Egom Clinical & Translational Research Services Ltd, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Yassine El Hiani
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pinto LC, Mesquita FP, Soares BM, da Silva EL, Puty B, de Oliveira EHC, Burbano RR, Montenegro RC. Mebendazole induces apoptosis via C-MYC inactivation in malignant ascites cell line (AGP01). Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:305-312. [PMID: 31207347 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of study was to examine the role of MBZ on malignant ascites cells and the involvement of C-MYC. Comet assay was used to assess the genotoxic effects of MBZ in AGP01 cells and human lymphocytes; differential staining by ethidium bromide and acridine orange, caspase 3/7 and flow cytometry assay was done to access the mechanisms of apoptosis and cell cycle analysis of MBZ in AGP01 cells. C-MYC amplification, C-MYC mRNA and C-MYC protein expression were evaluated by FISH, RT-qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. In addition, cytotoxicity of MBZ was evaluated in AGP01 and AGP01 shRNA MYC by MTT. MBZ significantly increased the damage index and no produced in human lymphocytes. MBZ caused remarkable cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 and G2/M phases at 0.5μM and 1.0 μM, respectively and induced significantly apoptosis in higher concentrations. Additionally, MBZ (0.5 μM and 1.0 μM) increased caspase 3 and 7 activities. MBZ decreased signals, C-MYC mRNA and C-MYC protein expression in AGP01 cells. MBZ induced lower cell viability in AGP01 cells compared AGP01 shRNA MYC in the same concentration. Therefore, our results show the evidence of C-MYC gene as one of the pathways by which MBZ induces cell death in gastric cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laine Celestino Pinto
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Mundurucus street, 4487 - Guamá, Belém, Brazil
| | - Felipe Pantoja Mesquita
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1000 - Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Bruno Moreira Soares
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa Avenue, 01 - Guamá, Belém, Brazil
| | - Emerson Lucena da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1000 - Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Bruna Puty
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Biology Science, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa Avenue, 01 - Guamá, Belém, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Culture and Cytogenetics, Environment Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR-316 km 7 - s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Cytogenetics, Environment Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR-316 km 7 - s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Rommel Rodriguez Burbano
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa Avenue, 01 - Guamá, Belém, Brazil
| | - Raquel Carvalho Montenegro
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1000 - Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li F, Li X, Qiao L, Liu W, Xu C, Wang X. MALAT1 regulates miR-34a expression in melanoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:389. [PMID: 31101802 PMCID: PMC6525244 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most common skin malignancies. Both microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have critical roles in the progression of cancers, including melanoma. However, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully characterized. We demonstrated that miR-34a is negatively correlated with MALAT1 in melanoma cells and tumor specimens. Interestingly, MALAT1, which contains functional sequence-specific miR-34a-binding sites, regulates miR-34a stability in melanoma cells and in vivo. Importantly, MALAT1 was significantly enriched in the Ago2 complex, but not when the MALAT1-binding site of miR-34a was mutated. Furthermore, MALAT1 could be shown to regulate c-Myc and Met expression by functioning as a miR-34a sponge. Our results reveal an unexpected mode of action for MALAT1 as an important regulator of miR-34a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinji Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Li Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Chengshan Xu
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Is co-expression of USP22 and HSP90 more effective in predicting prognosis of gastric cancer? Pathol Res Pract 2018; 215:653-659. [PMID: 30598339 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) belongs to the largest subfamily of deubiquitylases and recent studies indicate that overexpression of USP22 may promote gastric cancer progression and predict prognosis. But little is known about the interaction network of USP22 in gastric cancer. In this study, we applied bioinformatics methods and found that USP22 was correlated with the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) which is now considered to be a biomarker to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer. Then the siRNA transfection and western blotting were used to testify the correlation of USP22 and HSP90 in gastric cancer cells. The immunohistochemistry staining of the microarrays was applied to confirm the correlation of USP22 and HSP90 expression in gastric cancer tissue and further analysis showed that co-expression of USP22 and HSP90 was related to lymph node metastasis and more effective in predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer. In summary, our data demonstrate that correlation exists between USP22 and HSP90 expressions in gastric cancer and co-expression of USP22 and HSP90 may be more effective in predicting prognosis of gastric cancer.
Collapse
|
24
|
Li J, Sun X, He P, Liu WQ, Zou YB, Wang Q, Meng XW. Ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 2 promotes cell migration and invasion through Wnt/β-catenin signaling in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4773-4786. [PMID: 30479464 PMCID: PMC6235804 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i42.4773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the function and mechanism of ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 2 (Uba2) in progression of gastric cancer (GC) cells.
METHODS Uba2 level in patients with GC was analyzed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. MTT and colony formation assays were performed to examine cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis. Wound healing and Transwell assays were conducted to examine the effects of Uba2 on migration and invasion. Expression levels of cell cycle-related proteins, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers, and involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was assessed by Western blotting. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was confirmed by luciferase assay.
RESULTS Uba2 expression was higher in GC than in normal tissues. Increased Uba2 expression was correlated with tissue differentiation, Lauren’s classification, vascular invasion, and TNM stage, as determined by the analysis of 100 GC cases (P < 0.05). Knock-down of Uba2 inhibited GC cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and altered expression of cyclin D1, P21, P27, and Bcl-2, while up-regulation of Uba2 showed the opposite effects. The wound healing and Transwell assays showed that Uba2 promoted GC cell migration and invasion. Western blotting revealed alterations in EMT biomarkers, suggesting the role of Uba2 in EMT. Furthermore, the luciferase reporter assay indicated the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as a possible modulator of Uba2 oncogenic functions.
CONCLUSION Uba2 plays a vital role in GC cell migration and invasion, possibly by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wan-Qi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ya-Bin Zou
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiang-Wei Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Recombinant Adenovirus KGHV500 and CIK Cells Codeliver Anti-p21-Ras scFv for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer with Wild-Type Ras Overexpression. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2018; 11:90-101. [PMID: 30534583 PMCID: PMC6280635 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of gastric cancer is frequently related to the overexpression of wild-type p21 proteins, but it is rarely related to mutated Ras proteins. We previously constructed a broad-spectrum anti-p21-Ras single-chain variable fragment antibody (scFv), which was carried by the oncolytic adenovirus KGHV500. Here we explored the antitumor effects of this recombinant oncolytic adenovirus carried by cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells on human gastric SGC7901 cells that overexpress wild-type Ras. The MTT assay, scratch test, Transwell assay, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were performed in vitro to investigate the proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and cell apoptosis rate, respectively, of the human gastric cell line SGC7901 treated with KGHV500 adenovirus. Then, the tumor-targeting ability and systemic safety of KGHV500 adenovirus delivered by CIK cells were explored in vivo. We found that KGHV500 adenovirus could significantly inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasiveness and promote cell apoptosis in SGC7901 cells in vitro. In vivo studies showed that CIK cells could successfully deliver KGHV500 adenovirus to the tumor site; the two vectors synergistically killed tumor cells, and the treatment was relatively safe for normal tissues. In conclusion, this therapeutic strategy of recombinant adenovirus KGHV500 delivered by CIK cells offers a positive prospect for the targeted therapy of Ras-related cancers.
Collapse
|
26
|
Gastric Cancer Cell Lines Have Different MYC-Regulated Expression Patterns but Share a Common Core of Altered Genes. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:5804376. [PMID: 30410872 PMCID: PMC6206580 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5804376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is an oncogene responsible for excessive cell growth in cancer, enabling transcriptional activation of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, metabolism, and apoptosis, and is usually overexpressed in gastric cancer (GC). By using siRNA and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), we identified MYC-regulated differentially expressed Genes (DEGs) in three Brazilian gastric cancer cell lines representing the histological subtypes of GC (diffuse, intestinal, and metastasis). The DEGs were picked using Sailfish software, followed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway analysis using KEGG. We found 11 significantly enriched gene sets by using enrichment score (ES), False Discovery Rate (FDR), and nominal P-values. We identified a total of 5.471 DEGs with correlation over (80%). In diffuse-type and in metastatic GC cell lines, MYC-silencing caused DEGs downregulation, while the intestinal-type GC cells presented overall DEGs upregulation after MYC siRNA depletion. We were able to detect 11 significant gene sets when comparing our samples to the hallmark collection of gene expression, enriched mostly for the following hallmarks: proliferation, pathway, signaling, metabolic, and DNA damage response. When we analyzed our DEGs considering KEGG metabolic pathways, we found 12 common branches covering a wide range of biological functions, and three of them were common to all three cell lines: ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, ribosomes, and system and epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection. The GC cell lines used in this study share 14 MYC-regulated genes, but their gene expression profile is different for each histological subtype of GC. Our results present a computational analysis of MYC-related signatures in GC, and we present evidence that GC cell lines representing distinct histological subtypes of this disease have different MYC-regulated expression profiles but share a common core of altered genes. This is an important step towards the understanding of MYC's role in gastric carcinogenesis and an indication of probable new drug targets in stomach cancer.
Collapse
|
27
|
Cao J, Wu N, Han Y, Hou Q, Zhao Y, Pan Y, Xie X, Chen F. DDX21 promotes gastric cancer proliferation by regulating cell cycle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:1189-1194. [PMID: 30322617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) cassette helicase 21 (DDX21) is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that is overexpressed in various malignancies. There is increasing evidence that DDX21 is involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression by promoting cell proliferation. However, the functional role of DDX21 in gastric cancer is largely unknown. In this study, we observed that DDX21 was significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues compared to paired adjacent normal tissues. The expression of DDX21 was closely related to the pathological stage of gastric cancer. In vitro and in vivo studies had shown that knockdown of DDX21 inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, G1/S cell cycle transition and xenograft growth, while ectopic expression of DDX21 promoted these cell functions. Mechanically, DDX21 induced gastric cancer cell growth by up-regulating levels of Cyclin D1 and CDK2. Taken together, these results revealed a novel role for DDX21 in the proliferation of gastric cancer cells via the Cyclin D1 and CDK2 pathways. Therefore, DDX21 can be used as a therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Cao
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nan Wu
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuying Han
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiuqiu Hou
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanan Pan
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Xie
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fulin Chen
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Calabrese DR, Chen X, Leon EC, Gaikwad SM, Phyo Z, Hewitt WM, Alden S, Hilimire TA, He F, Michalowski AM, Simmons JK, Saunders LB, Zhang S, Connors D, Walters KJ, Mock BA, Schneekloth JS. Chemical and structural studies provide a mechanistic basis for recognition of the MYC G-quadruplex. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4229. [PMID: 30315240 PMCID: PMC6185959 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06315-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are noncanonical DNA structures that frequently occur in the promoter regions of oncogenes, such as MYC, and regulate gene expression. Although G4s are attractive therapeutic targets, ligands capable of discriminating between different G4 structures are rare. Here, we describe DC-34, a small molecule that potently downregulates MYC transcription in cancer cells by a G4-dependent mechanism. Inhibition by DC-34 is significantly greater for MYC than other G4-driven genes. We use chemical, biophysical, biological, and structural studies to demonstrate a molecular rationale for the recognition of the MYC G4. We solve the structure of the MYC G4 in complex with DC-34 by NMR spectroscopy and illustrate specific contacts responsible for affinity and selectivity. Modification of DC-34 reveals features required for G4 affinity, biological activity, and validates the derived NMR structure. This work advances the design of quadruplex-interacting small molecules to control gene expression in therapeutic areas such as cancer. Targeting noncoding nucleic acids with small molecules represents an important and significant challenge in chemical biology and drug discovery. Here the authors characterize DC-34, a small molecule that exhibits selective binding to specific G4 structures, and provide a structural basis for its selectivity
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Calabrese
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Elena C Leon
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Snehal M Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zaw Phyo
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - William M Hewitt
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Stephanie Alden
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Thomas A Hilimire
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Fahu He
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | | | - John K Simmons
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lindsey B Saunders
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Shuling Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Connors
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Beverly A Mock
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - John S Schneekloth
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Weipixiao ameliorates gastric precancerous lesions in a rat's model by regulating GSK3β and C-myc. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(18)30909-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
30
|
Farrokhi F, Karami Z, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Heydari A. Delivery of DNAzyme targeting c-Myc gene using β-cyclodextrin polymer nanocarrier for therapeutic application in human breast cancer cell line. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
31
|
YWHAE silencing induces cell proliferation, invasion and migration through the up-regulation of CDC25B and MYC in gastric cancer cells: new insights about YWHAE role in the tumor development and metastasis process. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85393-85410. [PMID: 27863420 PMCID: PMC5356744 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously observed reduced YWHAE (14-3-3ε) protein expression in a small set of gastric cancer samples. YWHAE may act as a negative regulator of the cyclin CDC25B, which is a transcriptional target of MYC oncogene. The understanding of YWHAE role and its targets is important for the better knowledge of gastric carcinogenesis. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the relationship among YWHAE, CDC25B, and MYC in vitro and in vivo. For this, we analyzed the YWHAE, CDC25B, and MYC expression in YWHA-silenced, CDC25B-silenced, and MYC-silenced gastric cancer cell lines, as well as in gastric cancer and non-neoplastic gastric samples. In gastric cancer cell lines, YWHAE was able to inhibit the cell proliferation, invasion and migration through the reduction of MYC and CDC25B expression. Conversely, MYC induced the cell proliferation, invasion and migration through the induction of CDC25B and the reduction of YWHAE. Most of the tumors presented reduced YWHAE and increased CDC25B expression, which seems to be important for tumor development. Increased MYC expression was a common finding in gastric cancer and has a role in poor prognosis. In the tumor initiation, the opposite role of YWHAE and CDC25B in gastric carcinogenesis seems to be independent of MYC expression. However, the inversely correlation between YWHAE and MYC expression seems to be important for gastric cancer cells invasion and migration. The interaction between YWHAE and MYC and the activation of the pathways related to this interaction play a role in the metastasis process.
Collapse
|
32
|
Rausch V, Krieg A, Camps J, Behrens B, Beier M, Wangsa D, Heselmeyer-Haddad K, Baldus SE, Knoefel WT, Ried T, Stoecklein NH. Array comparative genomic hybridization of 18 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and their autologous metastases. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:560. [PMID: 29110683 PMCID: PMC5674747 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality rates of pancreatic cancer remain high, which is mainly due to advanced disease and metastasis. We hypothesized that genomic copy number alterations are enriched in metastatic cells compared to autologous primary tumors, which may inform on cancer-related pathways possibly serving as potential targets for specific therapies. We investigated 18 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, including 39 lymph node and 5 distant metastases after surgical resection. Analysis was performed with array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). RESULTS Metastases acquire a higher frequency of copy number alterations with the highest in distant metastasis (median = 42, lymph node metastases: median = 23, primary tumors: median = 17). In lymph node metastases, gains were prevalent on chromosome bands 8q11.23-q24.3, 12q14.1, 17p12.1, 21q22.12, and losses on 3p21.31, 4p14, 8p23.3-p11.21,17p12-11.2. Genes on amplified regions are involved in cancer-related pathways such as WNT-signaling, also involved in metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic cancers show a high degree of intratumor heterogeneity, which could lead to resistance of chemotherapy and worse outcome. ACGH analysis reveals regions preferentially gained or lost in synchronous metastases encoding for genes involved in cancer-related pathways, which could lead to novel therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Rausch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Krieg
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jordi Camps
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
- Present Address: Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bianca Behrens
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Manfred Beier
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Darawalee Wangsa
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Kerstin Heselmeyer-Haddad
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Stephan E. Baldus
- Department of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfram T. Knoefel
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Ried
- Section of Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Nikolas H. Stoecklein
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kang MH, Jeong GS, Smoot DT, Ashktorab H, Hwang CM, Kim BS, Kim HS, Park YY. Verteporfin inhibits gastric cancer cell growth by suppressing adhesion molecule FAT1. Oncotarget 2017; 8:98887-98897. [PMID: 29228735 PMCID: PMC5716775 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of death worldwide and in urgent need of targeted drug development. In the current, we investigated the ability of a repositioned drug verteporfin (VP), originally a treatment for macular degeneration, to inhibit GC cell growth. VP inhibited growth of various GC cell lines. Gene expression profiling of GC cell lines treated with VP revealed that migration-related genes and those with oncogenic potential were down-regulated. Of these genes, we found that FAT1, an adhesion molecule promoting cell invasion, was highly suppressed by VP. Silencing of FAT1 suppressed cell migration and invasion as VP did. FAT1 expression was up-regulated in tumors, and patients with high FAT1-expressing tumors had a worse prognosis. We propose that VP- targeting FAT1 to suppress metastatic potential is a promising therapeutic strategy against GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Hee Kang
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Seok Jeong
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duane T Smoot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chang Mo Hwang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sik Kim
- Department of Gastric Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sung Kim
- Department of Gastric Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Yong Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vergoulidou M. Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis in Gastric Cancer: A Therapeutical Challenge. Biomark Insights 2017; 12:1177271917695237. [PMID: 28469397 PMCID: PMC5391981 DOI: 10.1177/1177271917695237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) is a rare and mainly secondary site of metastasis in solid tumors. In gastric cancer (GC), it is associated with a devastating prognosis, lacking an efficient and standardized treatment approach. We report a case of primary manifestation of LC due to metastatic GC with rapid deterioration and refractory course to conventional and intrathecal chemotherapy. We review the literature and discuss the therapeutic challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vergoulidou
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, First Internal Medicine Department, Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Klinikum, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Khaleghian M, Shakoori A, Razavi AE, Azimi C. Relationship of Amplification and Expression of the C-MYC Gene with Survival among Gastric Cancer Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:7061-9. [PMID: 26514491 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.16.7061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the past decades, the incidence and mortality rate of stomach cancer has demonstrated a great decrease in the world, but it is still one of the most common and fatal cancers especially among men worldwide, including Iran. The MYC proto-oncogene, which is located at 8q24.1, regulates 15% of genes and is activated in 20% of all human tumors. MYC amplification and overexpression of its protein product has been reported in 15-30% of gastric neoplasias. The aim of this investigation was to find the relative efficacy of CISH (chromogenic in situ hybridization) or IHC (immunohistochemistry) in diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer, as well as the relationship of amplification and expression of C-MYC gene with patient survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 102 samples of gastric cancer were collected from patients who had undergone primary surgical resection at the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, from July 2009 to March 2014. All samples were randomly selected from those who were diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinomas. CISH and IHC methods were performed on all of them. RESULTS Patients were classified into two groups. The first consisted of stage I and II cases, and the second of stage III and IV. Survival tests for both groups was carried out with referrnce to CISH test reults. Group II (stage III and IV) with CISH+ featured lower survival than those with CISH- (p=0.233), but group I (stage I and II) patients demonstrated no significant variation with CISH+ or CISH- (p=0.630). Kaplan-Meier for both groups was carried out with IHC test findings and showed similar results. This data revealed that both diffuse and intestinal types of gastric cancer occurred significantly more in men than women. Our data also showed that CISH+ patients (43%) were more frequent in comparison with IHC+ patients (14.7%). CONCLUSIONS For planning treatment of gastric cancer patients, by focusing on expanding tumors, which is the greatest concern of the surgeons and patients, CISH is a better and more feasible test than IHC, in regard to sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, CISH can be used as a feasible test for tumor growth and prognosis in stage III and IV lesions. This study also indicated that C-MYC amplification in gastric cancer is correlated with survival in advanced stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malihea Khaleghian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail :
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Khalili M, Vasei M, Khalili D, Alimoghaddam K, Sadeghizadeh M, Mowla SJ. Downregulation of the Genes Involved in Reprogramming (SOX2, c-MYC, miR-302, miR-145, and P21) in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2016; 46:251-8. [PMID: 25904219 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-015-9695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many cell signaling pathways essential for normal stem cell development are involved in cancer initiation and progression. In the present study, motivated by a possible contribution of reprogramming process in induction of cancer, we compared the expression level of main genes involved in iPS generation, i.e., miR-302, miR-145, SOX2, c-MYC, and P21, in a series of tumor and non-tumor tissues of stomach. METHODS A total number of 34 tumors and their matched non-tumor (as control) gastric surgical specimens were obtained. The expression of the candidate genes was evaluated by using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques. RESULTS Our data revealed a significant downregulation of miR-302b, P21, and miR-145 genes in intestinal and SOX2 gene in diffuse type of tumor samples. SOX2, but not the other genes, showed a significant downregulation in both proximal (cardia and fundus) and distal (body and antrum) sites of stomach. Based on receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, the highest total area under the curve (AUC) was found for SOX2 (AUC = 82 %, P < 0.001). Interestingly, all tumor samples revealed a negative signal for c-MYC expression, while non-tumor samples represented an intense cytoplasmic staining. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fact that some hESC-specific genes are upregulated in tumors, our data revealed a significant downregulation of all candidate genes, except for c-MYC, in tumor samples of stomach. Moreover, ROC data demonstrated that SOX2 gene expression index is a better potential biomarker of gastric cancer, compared to other tested genes. SOX2 expression has a good sensitivity and specificity to discriminate correctly between tumor/non-tumor and also high/low grades of tumor malignancy. It seems downregulation of miR-302b, miR-145, and P21 could contribute to gastric tumor initiation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Khalili
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Khaleghian M, Jahanzad I, Shakoori A, Emami Razavi A, Azimi C. Association Between Amplification and Expression of C-MYC Gene and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Stomach Cancer. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e21221. [PMID: 27175302 PMCID: PMC4863201 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.21221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: The incidence rate of gastric cancer in western countries has shown a remarkable decline in the recent years while it is still the most common cancer among males in Iran. The proto-oncogene MYC, located at 8q24.1, regulates almost 15% of human genes and is activated in 20% of all tumors. The amplification of MYC and overexpression of its protein product are observed in 15 - 30% of gastric neoplasias. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find the preferences of Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization (CISH) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer. Patients and Methods: We studied 102 samples of gastric cancer in Iran and all the patients had undergone primary surgical resection at the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The CISH and IHC techniques were applied for all our samples. All of the samples had adenocarcinoma gastric cancer and were selected randomly. Also, the type of study was cross sectional. The sample size was 100 patients. Results: Our data revealed that both diffuse and intestinal types of gastric cancer occurred significantly more in males than females. Our results showed that there was an indication of some correlation between grades and CISH, although the difference was not significant. Our data also showed that CISH positive patients (43%) were more frequent compared to IHC positive patients (14.7%). There was a correlation between CISH and IHC. These results revealed that there was a significant difference between grades and IHC. There was also no statistical difference between CISH amplification in diffuse and intestinal types. Conclusions: From the results, it could be concluded that for administration of the treatment of stomach cancer, and progress and prognosis of tumor, which is important for patients and clinicians, the CISH is a better and more feasible test than IHC, in regards to sensitivity and specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malihea Khaleghian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Issa Jahanzad
- Department of Pathology, Immunohistochemistry Laboratory, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Abbas Shakoori
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Amirnader Emami Razavi
- Department of Pathology, Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Cyrus Azimi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Cyrus Azimi, Department of Medical Genetics, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 1419733141, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2166945120, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Recurrent amplification of MYC and TNFRSF11B in 8q24 is associated with poor survival in patients with gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:116-27. [PMID: 25618371 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is an aggressive malignancy whose mechanisms of development and progression are poorly understood. The identification of prognosis-related genomic loci and genes may suffer from the relatively small case numbers and a lack of systematic validation in previous studies. METHODS Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) coupled with patient clinical information was applied to identify prognosis-related loci and genes with high-frequency recurrent gains in 129 GC patients. The candidate loci and genes were then validated using an independent cohort of 384 patients through branched DNA signal amplification analysis (QuantiGene assays). RESULTS In the 129 patients, a copy number gain of three chromosome regions-namely, 8q22 (including ESRP1 and CCNE2), 8q24 (including MYC and TNFRSF11B), and 20q11-q13 (including SRC, MMP9, and CSE1L)--conferred poor survival for patients. In addition, the correlation between the branched DNA signal amplification analysis results and the aCGH results was analyzed in 73 of these 129 patients, and MYC, TNFRSF11B, ESRP1, CSE1L, and MMP9 were found to be well correlated. Further validation using an independent cohort (n = 384) verified that only MYC and TNFRSF11B within 8q24 are related to survival. Patients with gains in both MYC and TNFRSF11B had poorer survival than those with no gains, particularly those with noncardia GC. Gains in both of these genes were also a significant independent prognostic indicator. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that copy number gains in MYC and TNFRSF11B located at 8q24 are associated with survival in GC, particularly noncardia GC.
Collapse
|
39
|
Jin DH, Park SE, Lee J, Kim KM, Kim S, Kim DH, Park J. Copy Number Gains at 8q24 and 20q11-q13 in Gastric Cancer Are More Common in Intestinal-Type than Diffuse-Type. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137657. [PMID: 26360582 PMCID: PMC4567330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at discovering DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) involved in the carcinogenesis of stomach and at understanding their clinicopathological significances in the Korean population. DNA copy numbers were analyzed using Agilent 244K or 400K array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) in fresh-frozen tumor and matched normal tissues from 40 gastric cancer patients. Some of the detected CNA regions were validated using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) in six of the 40 patients and customized Agilent 60K aCGH in an independent set of 48 gastric cancers. The mRNA levels of genes at common CNA regions were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. Copy number gains were more common than losses across the entire genome in tumor tissues compared to matched normal tissues. The mean number of alterations per case was 64 for gains and 40 for losses, and the median aberration length was 44016 bp for gains and 4732 bp for losses. Copy number gains were frequently detected at 7p22.1 (20%), 8q24.21 (27%-30%), 8q24.3 (22%-48%), 13q34 (20%-31%), and 20q11-q13 (25%-30%), and losses at 3p14.2 (43%), 4q35.2 (27%), 6q26 (23%), and 17p13.3 (20%-23%). CNAs at 7p22.1, 13q34, and 17p13.3 have not been reported in other populations. Most of the copy number losses were associated with down-regulation of mRNA levels, but the correlation between copy number gains and mRNA expression levels varied in a gene-dependent manner. In addition, copy number gains tended to occur more commonly in intestinal-type cancers than in diffuse-type cancers. In conclusion, the present study suggests that copy number gains at 8q24 and 20q11-q13 and losses at 3p14.2 may be common events in gastric cancer but CNAs at 7p22.1, 13q34, and 17p13.3 may be Korean-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hao Jin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 135–710, Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Park
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 135–710, Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 135–710, Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 135–710, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 135–710, Korea
| | - Duk-Hwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 135–710, Korea
| | - Joobae Park
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 135–710, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gastric cancer and gene copy number variation: emerging cancer drivers for targeted therapy. Oncogene 2015; 35:1475-82. [PMID: 26073079 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is among the most common malignancy in the world with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. It has been established that gastric carcinogenesis is caused by a complex interaction between host and environmental factors. Copy number variation (CNV) refers to a form of genomic structural variation that results in abnormal gene copy numbers, including gene amplification, gain, loss and deletion. DNA CNV is an important influential factor for the expression of both protein-coding and non-coding genes, affecting the activity of various signaling pathways. CNV arises as a result of preferential selection that favors cancer development, and thus, targeting the amplified 'driver genes' in GC may provide novel opportunities for personalized therapy. The detection of CNVs in chromosomal or mitochondrial DNA from tissue or blood samples may assist the diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy of GC. In this review, we discuss the recent CNV discoveries that shed light on the molecular pathogenesis of GC, with a specific emphasis on CNVs that display diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic significances in GC.
Collapse
|
41
|
Hao Y, Fan T, Nan K. Optimization and Corroboration of the Regulatory Pathway of p42.3 Protein in the Pathogenesis of Gastric Carcinoma. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2015; 2015:683679. [PMID: 26106439 PMCID: PMC4463992 DOI: 10.1155/2015/683679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To optimize and verify the regulatory pathway of p42.3 in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma (GC) by intelligent algorithm. METHODS Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the features of structural domain in p42.3 protein. Proteins with the same domains and similar functions to p42.3 were screened out for reference. The possible regulatory pathway of p42.3 was established by integrating the acting pathways of these proteins. Then, the similarity between the reference proteins and p42.3 protein was figured out by multiparameter weighted summation method. The calculation result was taken as the prior probability of the initial node in Bayesian network. Besides, the probability of occurrence in different pathways was calculated by conditional probability formula, and the one with the maximum probability was regarded as the most possible pathway of p42.3. Finally, molecular biological experiments were conducted to prove it. RESULTS In Bayesian network of p42.3, probability of the acting pathway "S100A11→RAGE→P38→MAPK→Microtubule-associated protein→Spindle protein→Centromere protein→Cell proliferation" was the biggest, and it was also validated by biological experiments. CONCLUSIONS The possibly important role of p42.3 in the occurrence of gastric carcinoma was verified by theoretical analysis and preliminary test, helping in studying the relationship between p42.3 and gastric carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Hao
- Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, China
| | - Tianli Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Kejun Nan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tangudu NK, Verma VK, Clemons TD, Beevi SS, Hay T, Mahidhara G, Raja M, Nair RA, Alexander LE, Patel AB, Jose J, Smith NM, Zdyrko B, Bourdoncle A, Luzinov I, Iyer KS, Clarke AR, Dinesh Kumar L. RNA Interference Using c-Myc-Conjugated Nanoparticles Suppresses Breast and Colorectal Cancer Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1259-69. [PMID: 25695957 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report the development and preclinical validation of combinatorial therapy for treatment of cancers using RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi technology is an attractive approach to silence genes responsible for disease onset and progression. Currently, the critical challenge facing the clinical success of RNAi technology is in the difficulty of delivery of RNAi inducers, due to low transfection efficiency, difficulties of integration into host DNA and unstable expression. Using the macromolecule polyglycidal methacrylate (PGMA) as a platform to graft multiple polyethyleneimine (PEI) chains, we demonstrate effective delivery of small oligos (anti-miRs and mimics) and larger DNAs (encoding shRNAs) in a wide variety of cancer cell lines by successful silencing/activation of their respective target genes. Furthermore, the effectiveness of this therapy was validated for in vivo tumor suppression using two transgenic mouse models; first, tumor growth arrest and increased animal survival was seen in mice bearing Brca2/p53-mutant mammary tumors following daily intratumoral treatment with nanoparticles conjugated to c-Myc shRNA. Second, oral delivery of the conjugate to an Apc-deficient crypt progenitor colon cancer model increased animal survival and returned intestinal tissue to a non-wnt-deregulated state. This study demonstrates, through careful design of nonviral nanoparticles and appropriate selection of therapeutic gene targets, that RNAi technology can be made an affordable and amenable therapy for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen K Tangudu
- Cancer Biology, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vinod K Verma
- Cancer Biology, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Tristan D Clemons
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Syed S Beevi
- Cancer Biology, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Trevor Hay
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cathays, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ganesh Mahidhara
- Cancer Biology, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Meera Raja
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cathays, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rekha A Nair
- Department of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India
| | - Liza E Alexander
- Department of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India
| | - Anant B Patel
- Cancer Biology, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jedy Jose
- Cancer Biology, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nicole M Smith
- Univ de Bordeaux, INSERM U869, IECB, ARNA Laboratory, Pessac, France
| | - Bogdan Zdyrko
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Anne Bourdoncle
- Univ de Bordeaux, INSERM U869, IECB, ARNA Laboratory, Pessac, France
| | - Igor Luzinov
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - K Swaminathan Iyer
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
| | - Alan R Clarke
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cathays, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Lekha Dinesh Kumar
- Cancer Biology, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Hyderabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wei WY, Yan LH, Wang XT, Li L, Cao WL, Zhang XS, Zhan ZX, Yu H, Xie YB, Xiao Q. E2F-1 overexpression inhibits human gastric cancer MGC-803 cell growth in vivo. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:491-501. [PMID: 25593464 PMCID: PMC4292280 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i2.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the influence of E2F-1 on the growth of human gastric cancer (GC) cells in vivo and the mechanism involved.
METHODS: E2F-1 recombinant lentiviral vectors were injected into xenograft tumors of MGC-803 cells in nude mice, and then tumor growth was investigated. Overexpression of transcription factor E2F-1 was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis. Apoptosis rates were determined using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Expression levels of certain cell cycle regulators and apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax, survivin, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, and c-Myc were examined by Western blotting and RT-PCR.
RESULTS: Xenograft tumors of MGC-803 cells in nude mice injected with E2F-1 recombinant lentiviral vectors stably overexpressed the E2F-1 gene as measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR (relative mRNA expression: 0.10 ± 0.02 vs 0.05 ± 0.02 for control vector and 0.06 ± 0.03 for no infection; both P < 0.01) and Western blotting (relative protein expression: 1.90 ± 0.05 vs 1.10 ± 0.03 in control vector infected and 1.11 ± 0.02 for no infection; both P < 0.01). The growth-curve of tumor volumes revealed that infection with E2F-1 recombinant lentiviral vectors significantly inhibited the growth of human GC xenografts (2.81 ± 1.02 vs 6.18 ± 1.15 in control vector infected and 5.87 ± 1.23 with no infection; both P < 0.05) at 15 d after treatment. TUNEL analysis demonstrated that E2F-1 overexpression promoted tumor cell apoptosis (18.6% ± 2.3% vs 6.7% ± 1.2% in control vector infected 6.3% ± 1.2% for no infection; both P < 0.05). Furthermore, lentiviral vector-mediated E2F-1 overexpression increased the expression of Bax and suppressed survivin, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, Skp2, and c-Myc expression in tumor tissue.
CONCLUSION: E2F-1 inhibits growth of GC cells via regulating multiple signaling pathways, and may play an important role in targeted therapy for GC.
Collapse
|
44
|
Seo AN, Yang JM, Kim H, Jheon S, Kim K, Lee CT, Jin Y, Yun S, Chung JH, Paik JH. Clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of c-MYC copy number gain in lung adenocarcinomas. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2688-99. [PMID: 24809777 PMCID: PMC4037828 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-MYC copy number gain (c-MYC gain) has been associated with aggressive behaviour in several cancers. However, the role of c-MYC gain has not yet been determined in lung adenocarcinomas classified by genetic alterations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), KRAS, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) genes. We investigated the clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of c-MYC gain for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) according to EGFR, KRAS, and ALK gene status and stages in lung adenocarcinomas. METHODS In 255 adenocarcinomas resected in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from 2003 to 2009, fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with c-MYC probe and centromeric enumeration probe 8 (CEP8) was analysed using tissue microarray containing single representative core per each case. EGFR (codon 18 to 21) and KRAS (codon 12, 13, and 61) mutations were analysed by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing method from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. ALK rearrangement was determined by FISH method. c-MYC gain was defined as >2 copies per nucleus, chromosome 8 gain as ⩾3 copies per nucleus, and gain of c-MYC:CEP8 ratio (hereafter, c-MYC amplification) as ⩾2. RESULTS We observed c-MYC gain in 20% (51 out of 255), chromosome 8 gain in 5.5% (14 out of 255), c-MYC amplification in 2.4% (6 out of 255), EGFR mutation in 49.4% (118 out of 239), KRAS mutation in 5.7% (7 out of 123), and ALK rearrangement in 4.9% (10 out of 205) of lung adenocarcinomas. c-MYC gain was observed in 19% (22 out of 118) of patients with lung adenocarcinomas with an EGFR mutation, but not in any patients with a KRAS mutation, or an ALK rearrangement. c-MYC gain (but not chromosome 8 gain or c-MYC amplification) was an independent poor-prognostic factor in the full cohort of lung adenocarcinoma (P=0.022, hazard ratio (HR)=1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-2.69 for DFS; P=0.032, HR=2.04, 95% CI, 1.06-3.91 for OS), as well as in stage I subgroup (P=0.023, HR=4.70, 95% CI, 1.24-17.78 for DFS; P=0.031, HR=4.65, 95% CI, 1.15-18.81 for OS), and in EGFR-mutant subgroup (P=0.022; HR=2.14; 95% CI, 1.11-4.10 for DFS). CONCLUSIONS c-MYC gain (but not chromosome 8 gain or c-MYC amplification) was an independent poor-prognostic factor for DFS and OS in lung adenocarcinomas, both in full cohort and stage I cancer, and possibly for DFS in EGFR-mutant adenocarcinomas. Additional studies are required to determine if patients with lung adenocarcinoma with c-MYC gain are candidates for additional first-line treatment to mitigate their increased risk for disease progression and death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N Seo
- 1] Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea [2] Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University College of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 700-842, Korea
| | - J M Yang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea
| | - H Kim
- 1] Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea [2] Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - S Jheon
- 1] Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea [2] Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - K Kim
- 1] Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea [2] Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - C T Lee
- 1] Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea [2] Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Y Jin
- 1] Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea [2] Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - S Yun
- 1] Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea [2] Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - J-H Chung
- 1] Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea [2] Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - J H Paik
- 1] Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea [2] Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Differential expression of Pim-3, c-Myc, and p-p27 proteins in adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia and distal stomach. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5029-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
|
46
|
Yang F, Xue X, Zheng L, Bi J, Zhou Y, Zhi K, Gu Y, Fang G. Long non-coding RNA GHET1 promotes gastric carcinoma cell proliferation by increasing c-Myc mRNA stability. FEBS J 2014; 281:802-13. [PMID: 24397586 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a recently characterized class of non-coding RNAs, have been shown to have important regulatory roles and are de-regulated in a variety of tumors. However, the contributions of lncRNAs to gastric carcinoma and their functional mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that lncRNA gastric carcinoma high expressed transcript 1 (lncRNA-GHET1) was up-regulated in gastric carcinoma. The over-expression of this lncRNA correlates with tumor size, tumor invasion and poor survival. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses demonstrated that GHET1 over-expression promotes the proliferation of gastric carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of GHET1 inhibits the proliferation of gastric carcinoma cells. RNA pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that GHET1 physically associates with insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) and enhances the physical interaction between c-Myc mRNA and IGF2BP1, consequently increasing the stability of c-Myc mRNA and expression. The expression of GHET1 and c-Myc is strongly correlated in gastric carcinoma tissues. Depletion of c-Myc abolishes the effects of GHET1 on proliferation of gastric carcinoma cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that GHET1 plays a pivotal role in gastric carcinoma cell proliferation via increasing c-Myc mRNA stability and expression, which suggests potential use of GHET1 for the prognosis and treatment of gastric carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mo ML, Li MR, Chen Z, Liu XW, Sheng Q, Zhou HM. Inhibition of the Wnt palmitoyltransferase porcupine suppresses cell growth and downregulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2013; 5:1719-1723. [PMID: 23761839 PMCID: PMC3678880 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Similarly to the Wnt protein palmitoyltransferase, porcupine (PPN) is essential to the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, little is known about the role of PPN activity in human gastric cancer, one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of PPN in paired gastric cancer tissues. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays were performed following treatment using a newly developed small molecule PPN inhibitor (inhibitors of Wnt production, IWP-2) in the gastric cancer MKN28 cell line. Expression of downstream target genes and transcriptional activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were examined following IWP-2 treatment in MKN28. We identified that PPN was overexpressed in human gastric cancer tissue samples and cell lines. Following treatment of the gastric cancer cell line MKN28 with IWP-2, we detected that IWP-2 decreased MKN28 cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and elevated caspase 3/7 activity. Further analysis demonstrated that IWP-2 downregulated the transcriptional activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and downregulated the expression levels of downstream Wnt/β-catenin target genes in MKN28 cells. As current Wnt pathway-targeting strategies used for anticancer therapy have mainly focused on Wnt-receiving cells, our data shed light on the potential use of Wnt palmitoyltransferase PPN inhibitors to abrogate Wnt production in Wnt-producing cells, thus providing a potential therapeutic option for gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Li Mo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Therapeutics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yang F, Xue X, Bi J, Zheng L, Zhi K, Gu Y, Fang G. Long noncoding RNA CCAT1, which could be activated by c-Myc, promotes the progression of gastric carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 139:437-45. [PMID: 23143645 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to have functional roles in cancer biology and are deregulated in many tumors. The specific aim of this study was to determine the role of a long noncoding RNA CCAT1 in the progression of gastric carcinoma and discover which factors contribute to the deregulation of CCAT1. METHODS A computational screen of CCAT1 promoter was conducted to search for transcription-factor-binding sites. The association of c-Myc with the CCAT1 promoter in vivo was tested by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. CCAT1 promoter activities were examined by luciferase reporter assay. The function of the c-Myc binding site in the CCAT1 promoter region was tested by a promoter assay with nucleotide substitutions in the putative E-box. The effect of CCAT1 on gastric carcinoma cell proliferation and migration was tested using in vitro cell proliferation and migration assays. RESULTS CCAT1 levels were markedly increased in gastric carcinoma tissues compared with normal tissues. c-Myc directly binds to the E-box element in the promoter region of CCAT1, and when ectopically expressed increased promoter activity and expression of CCAT1. Nucleotide substitutions in the E-box element in the promoter region abrogated c-Myc-dependent promoter activation. The expression of CCAT1 and c-Myc shows strong association in gastric carcinomas. Moreover, abnormally expressed CCAT1 promotes cell proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that c-Myc induction of CCAT1 holds an important role in gastric carcinoma and implicate the potential application of CCAT1 in the treatment of gastric carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhizaoju Road No. 639, Shanghai 200011, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Guo Y, Fang J, Liu Y, Sheng HH, Zhang XY, Chai HN, Jin W, Zhang KH, Yang CQ, Gao HJ. Association between polymorphism rs6983267 and gastric cancer risk in Chinese population. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:1759-65. [PMID: 21483638 PMCID: PMC3072642 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i13.1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 8q24 and gastric cancer risk.
METHODS: A case-control investigation including 212 gastric cancer patients and 377 healthy controls was conducted. The genotypes of SNPs (rs6983267, rs7008482 and rs10808555) were examined and established through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between SNPs and gastric cancer.
RESULTS: The genotype frequencies of rs6983267 in gastric cancer patients were obviously different from those in the control (P = 0.005). GT genotype of rs6983267 was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer compared with GG genotype (adjusted odds ratio = 2.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.28-3.14). Further stratified analysis indicated that rs6983267 GT genotype facilitated the risk of gastric cancer of non-cardiac and intestinal type (OR: 2.638, 95% CI: 1.464-4.753; OR: 1.916, 95% CI: 1.166-3.150, respectively).
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates for the first time that rs6983267 is involved in susceptibility to gastric cancer, although further large-sample investigations are still needed.
Collapse
|