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Mia MAR, Dey D, Sakib MR, Biswas MY, Prottay AAS, Paul N, Rimti FH, Abdullah Y, Biswas P, Iftehimul M, Paul P, Sarkar C, El-Nashar HAS, El-Shazly M, Islam MT. The efficacy of natural bioactive compounds against prostate cancer: Molecular targets and synergistic activities. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5724-5754. [PMID: 37786304 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Globally, prostate cancer (PCa) is regarded as a challenging health issue, and the number of PCa patients continues to rise despite the availability of effective treatments in recent decades. The current therapy with chemotherapeutic drugs has been largely ineffective due to multidrug resistance and the conventional treatment has restricted drug accessibility to malignant tissues, necessitating a higher dosage resulting in increased cytotoxicity. Plant-derived bioactive compounds have recently attracted a great deal of attention in the field of PCa treatment due to their potent effects on several molecular targets and synergistic effects with anti-PCa drugs. This review emphasizes the molecular mechanism of phytochemicals on PCa cells, the synergistic effects of compound-drug interactions, and stem cell targeting for PCa treatment. Some potential compounds, such as curcumin, phenethyl-isothiocyanate, fisetin, baicalein, berberine, lutein, and many others, exert an anti-PCa effect via inhibiting proliferation, metastasis, cell cycle progression, and normal apoptosis pathways. In addition, multiple studies have demonstrated that the isolated natural compounds: d-limonene, paeonol, lanreotide, artesunate, and bicalutamide have potential synergistic effects. Further, a significant number of natural compounds effectively target PCa stem cells. However, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of these phytochemicals against PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdur Rashid Mia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Dipta Dey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Musfiqur Rahman Sakib
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yeaman Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Shamsh Prottay
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Niloy Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Hoque Rimti
- Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery, Chittagong Medical College, Chawkbazar, Bangladesh
| | - Yusuf Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Partha Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md Iftehimul
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
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2
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The Comprehensive Analysis of Hub Gene ARRB2 in Prostate Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8518378. [PMID: 36284990 PMCID: PMC9588343 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8518378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Methods The differential expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from the gene expression profile GSE30994 related to PRAD and then analyzed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) to screen the hub gene. Subsequently, the relation between hub gene and pan cancers, PRAD prognosis, and immunotherapy was analyzed. Besides, the effects of hub gene on the growth and metastasis of PRAD cell lines and inflammatory factors (IFs) were detected by functional experiments. Results 276 upregulated and 1,861 downregulated DEGs were analyzed from GSE30994 gene expression profiles. Through enrichment analysis, it was found that upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction, insulin signaling pathway, etc. Through PPI networks, ARRB2 was determined as the hub gene that was highly expressed in pan cancers, including PRAD, and contributed to poor prognosis of PRAD patients. Immunoassay showed that ARRB2 was associated with B cells, NK cells, endothelial cells, etc. and also connected with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Next, the signature model analysis revealed that ARRB2 had a clinical value in predicting PRAD prognosis. In functional experiments, ARRB2 was highly expressed in PRAD cell lines, promoted PRAD cell growth and metastasis, and positively associated with IFs. Conclusion ARRB2 has a good prognostic ability in PRAD, and it could be a potential target of PRAD immunotherapy, which offers new directions for PRAD research.
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Johnson RP, Ratnacaram CK, Kumar L, Jose J. Combinatorial approaches of nanotherapeutics for inflammatory pathway targeted therapy of prostate cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 64:100865. [PMID: 36099796 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most prevalent male urogenital cancer worldwide. PC patients presenting an advanced or metastatic cancer succumb to the disease, even after therapeutic interventions including radiotherapy, surgery, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), and chemotherapy. One of the hallmarks of PC is evading immune surveillance and chronic inflammation, which is a major challenge towards designing effective therapeutic formulations against PC. Chronic inflammation in PC is often characterized by tumor microenvironment alterations, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix modifications. The inflammatory events are modulated by reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Major signaling pathways in PC includes androgen receptor, PI3K and NF-κB pathways and targeting these inter-linked pathways poses a major therapeutic challenge. Notably, many conventional treatments are clinically unsuccessful, due to lack of targetability and poor bioavailability of the therapeutics, untoward toxicity and multidrug resistance. The past decade witnessed an advancement of nanotechnology as an excellent therapeutic paradigm for PC therapy. Modern nanovectorization strategies such as stimuli-responsive and active PC targeting carriers offer controlled release patterns and superior anti-cancer effects. The current review initially describes the classification, inflammatory triggers and major inflammatory pathways of PC, various PC treatment strategies and their limitations. Subsequently, recent advancement in combinatorial nanotherapeutic approaches, which target PC inflammatory pathways, and the mechanism of action are discussed. Besides, the current clinical status and prospects of PC homing nanovectorization, and major challenges to be addressed towards the advancement PC therapy are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjith P Johnson
- Polymer Nanobiomaterial Research Laboratory, Nanoscience and Microfluidics Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Chandrahas Koumar Ratnacaram
- Cell Signaling and Cancer Biology Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Jobin Jose
- NITTE Deemed-to-be University, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangalore 575018, India.
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Anjum J, Mitra S, Das R, Alam R, Mojumder A, Emran TB, Islam F, Rauf A, Hossain MJ, Aljohani ASM, Abdulmonem WA, Alsharif KF, Alzahrani KJ, Khan H. A renewed concept on the MAPK signaling pathway in cancers: Polyphenols as a choice of therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106398. [PMID: 35988867 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway are a key contributor to the carcinogenesis process and have therefore been implicated in several aspects of tumorigenesis, including cell differentiation, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and metastasis. This pathway offers multiple molecular targets that may be modulated for anticancer activity and is of great interest for several malignancies. Polyphenols from various dietary sources have been observed to interfere with certain aspects of this pathway and consequently play a substantial role in the development and progression of cancer by suppressing cell growth, inactivating carcinogens, blocking angiogenesis, causing cell death, and changing immunity. A good number of polyphenolic compounds have shown promising outcomes in numerous pieces of research and are currently being investigated clinically to treat cancer patients. The current study concentrates on the role of the MAPK pathway in the development and metastasis of cancer, with particular emphasis on dietary polyphenolic compounds that influence the different MAPK sub-pathways to obtain an anticancer effect. This study aims to convey an overview of the various aspects of the MAPK pathway in cancer development and invasion, as well as a review of the advances achieved in the development of polyphenols to modulate the MAPK signaling pathway for better treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhaer Anjum
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Roksana Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Anik Mojumder
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah S M Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
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Keranmu A, Pan LB, Yu H, Fu J, Liu YF, Amuti S, Han P, Ma SR, Xu H, Zhang ZW, Chen D, Yang FY, Wang MS, Wang Y, Xing NZ, Jiang JD. The potential biological effects of quercetin based on pharmacokinetics and multi-targeted mechanism in vivo. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:403-431. [PMID: 35282731 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2045965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a plant-derived polyphenol flavonoid that has been proven to be effective for many diseases. However, the mechanism and in vivo metabolism of quercetin remains to be clarified. It achieves a wide range of biological effects through various metabolites, gut microbiota and its metabolites, systemic mediators produced by inflammation and oxidation, as well as by multiple mechanisms. The all-round disease treatment of quercetin is achieved through the organic combination of multiple channels. Therefore, this article clarifies the metabolic process of quercetin in the body, and explores the new pattern of action of quercetin in the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adili Keranmu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li-Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi-Fang Liu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Siyiti Amuti
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi 830011, China
| | - Pei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shu-Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Fei-Ya Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ming-Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Nian-Zeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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6
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G MS, Swetha M, Keerthana CK, Rayginia TP, Anto RJ. Cancer Chemoprevention: A Strategic Approach Using Phytochemicals. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:809308. [PMID: 35095521 PMCID: PMC8793885 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.809308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention approaches are aimed at preventing, delaying, or suppressing tumor incidence using synthetic or natural bioactive agents. Mechanistically, chemopreventive agents also aid in mitigating cancer development, either by impeding DNA damage or by blocking the division of premalignant cells with DNA damage. Several pre-clinical studies have substantiated the benefits of using various dietary components as chemopreventives in cancer therapy. The incessant rise in the number of cancer cases globally is an issue of major concern. The excessive toxicity and chemoresistance associated with conventional chemotherapies decrease the success rates of the existent chemotherapeutic regimen, which warrants the need for an efficient and safer alternative therapeutic approach. In this scenario, chemopreventive agents have been proven to be successful in protecting the high-risk populations from cancer, which further validates chemoprevention strategy as rational and promising. Clinical studies have shown the effectiveness of this approach in managing cancers of different origins. Phytochemicals, which constitute an appreciable proportion of currently used chemotherapeutic drugs, have been tested for their chemopreventive efficacy. This review primarily aims to highlight the efficacy of phytochemicals, currently being investigated globally as chemopreventives. The clinical relevance of chemoprevention, with special emphasis on the phytochemicals, curcumin, resveratrol, tryptanthrin, kaempferol, gingerol, emodin, quercetin genistein and epigallocatechingallate, which are potential candidates due to their ability to regulate multiple survival pathways without inducing toxicity, forms the crux of this review. The majority of these phytochemicals are polyphenols and flavanoids. We have analyzed how the key molecular targets of these chemopreventives potentially counteract the key drivers of chemoresistance, causing minimum toxicity to the body. An overview of the underlying mechanism of action of these phytochemicals in regulating the key players of cancer progression and tumor suppression is discussed in this review. A summary of the clinical trials on the important phytochemicals that emerge as chemopreventives is also incorporated. We elaborate on the pre-clinical and clinical observations, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, and molecular targets of some of these natural products. To summarize, the scope of this review comprises of the current status, limitations, and future directions of cancer chemoprevention, emphasizing the potency of phytochemicals as effective chemopreventives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Shankar G
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mundanattu Swetha
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - C K Keerthana
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Tennyson P Rayginia
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Ruby John Anto
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Shabestari FA, Vaezi S, Abak A, Shoorei H, Karimi A, Taheri M, Basiri A. Emerging impact of quercetin in the treatment of prostate cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111548. [PMID: 34311541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid agent detected in fruits and vegetables with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. This flavonoid can suppress cell cycle transition and induce apoptosis in neoplastic cells. Therapeutic effects of quercetin have been assessed in diverse cancers including prostate cancer through the establishment of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Moreover, this agent might prevent the initiation of this type of cancer as it indirectly blocks the activity of promoters of two important genes in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer i.e. androgen receptor (AR) and prostate specific antigen (PSA). Several in vitro investigations have identified the differential influence of quercetin on normal prostate cells versus neoplastic cells, emphasizing its specific cytotoxic effects on cancerous cells. The most appreciated route of quercetin effect on prostate cancer cells is the detachment of Bax from Bcl-xL and the stimulation of caspase families. Besides, quercetin might enhance the effects of other therapeutic options against prostate cancer. For instance, a combination of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and quercetin has been recommended as a novel modality for the treatment of prostate cancer. These kinds of strategies might overcome resistance to apoptosis in cancer cells. In the current paper, we summarize the recent data about the preventive and therapeutic influences of quercetin in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saba Vaezi
- Department of Nutrition, Marand Medical Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Arash Karimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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The Effect of Quercetin Nanosuspension on Prostate Cancer Cell Line LNCaP via Hedgehog Signaling Pathway. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 10:69-75. [PMID: 34277870 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer death in American population. In this manner, novel therapeutic approaches for identification of therapeutic targets for PCa has significant clinical implications. Quercetin is a potent cancer therapeutic agent and dietary antioxidant present in fruit and vegetables. Methods To investigate the underlying mechanism by which the PCa was regulated, nanoparticles of quercetin were administrated to cells. For in vitro experiments, human PCa cell line LNCaP were involved. Cell viability assay and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) for hedgehog signaling pathway genes were used to determine the key signaling pathway regulated for PCa progression. Results The cell viability gradually decreased with increased concentration of quercetin nanoparticles. At 48 h, 40 mM concentration of quercetin treatment showed near 50% of viable cells. Quercetin nanoparticles upregulates Su(Fu) mRNA expressions and downregulates gli mRNA expressions in the LNCaP cells. Conclusion The results showed that the hedgehog signaling targeted inhibition may have important implications of PCa therapeutics. Additionally, the outcomes provided new mechanistic basis for further examination of quercetin nanoparticles to discover potential treatment strategies and new targets for PCa inhibition.
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Hussain Y, Mirzaei S, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Khan H, Daglia M. Quercetin and Its Nano-Scale Delivery Systems in Prostate Cancer Therapy: Paving the Way for Cancer Elimination and Reversing Chemoresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1602. [PMID: 33807174 PMCID: PMC8036441 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most leading and prevalent malignancy around the world, following lung cancer. Prostate cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cells in the prostate gland. Prostate cancer morbidity and mortality have grown drastically, and intensive prostate cancer care is unlikely to produce adequate outcomes. The synthetic drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer in clinical practice face several challenges. Quercetin is a natural flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables. Apart from its beneficial effects, its plays a key role as an anti-cancer agent. Quercetin has shown anticancer potential, both alone and in combination. Therefore, the current study was designed to collect information from the literature regarding its therapeutic significance in the treatment of prostate cancer. Studies performed both in vitro and in vivo have confirmed that quercetin effectively prevents prostate cancer through different underlying mechanisms. Promising findings have also been achieved in clinical trials regarding the pharmacokinetics and human applications of quercetin. In the meantime, epidemiological studies have shown a negative correlation between the consumption of quercetin and the incidence of prostate cancer, and have indicated a chemopreventive effect of quercetin on prostate cancer in animal models. The major issues associated with quercetin are its low bioavailability and rapid metabolism, and these require priority attention. Chemoresistance is another main negative feature concerning prostate cancer treatment. This review highlights the chemotherapeutic effect, chemo preventive effect, and chemoresistance elimination potential of quercetin in prostate cancer. The underlying mechanisms for elimination of prostate cancer and eradication of resistance, either alone or in combination with other agents, are also discussed. In addition, the nanoscale delivery of quercetin is underpinned along with possible directions for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Hussain
- Lab of Control Release and Drug Delivery System, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China;
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran 1477893855, Iran;
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran;
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Shekhawat RS, Mandal CC. Anti-obesity Medications in Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Insight. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:476-494. [PMID: 34225630 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210322122829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between cancer and obesity is multifactorial and complex with the increased risk of cancer development in obese individuals posing a significant threat. Obesity leads to the upregulation or hyperactivation of several oncogenic pathways in cancer cells, which drives them towards a deleterious phenotype. The cross-talk between cancer and obesity is considered a large contributing factor in the development of chemotherapeutic drug resistance and the resistance to radiotherapy. The link between obesity and the development of cancer is so strong that a medication that demonstrates effectiveness against both conditions would serve as an essential step. In this context, anti-obesity medications provide a worthy list of candidates based on their chemo-preventive potential and chemotherapeutic properties. The current study focuses on exploring the potential of anti-obesity medicines as dual anticancer drugs. These medications target several key signaling pathways (e.g., AMPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, NF-κB, JNK/ERK), which prove to be crucial for both cancer growth and metastases. Some of these drugs also play an important role in attenuating the signaling and cellular events which incite cancer-obesity cross-talk and demonstrate efficient counteraction of neoplastic transformation. Thus, this review highlights a comprehensive view of the potential use of anti-obesity medicines to treat both cancer and obesity for patients exhibiting both comorbities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, India
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Fontana F, Raimondi M, Marzagalli M, Di Domizio A, Limonta P. Natural Compounds in Prostate Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Mechanisms of Action and Molecular Targets. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020460. [PMID: 32085497 PMCID: PMC7072821 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) represents a major cause of cancer mortality among men in developed countries. Patients with recurrent disease initially respond to androgen-deprivation therapy, but the tumor eventually progresses into castration-resistant PCa; in this condition, tumor cells acquire the ability to escape cell death and develop resistance to current therapies. Thus, new therapeutic approaches for PCa management are urgently needed. In this setting, natural products have been extensively studied for their anti-PCa activities, such as tumor growth suppression, cell death induction, and inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis. Additionally, numerous studies have shown that phytochemicals can specifically target the androgen receptor (AR) signaling, as well as the PCa stem cells (PCSCs). Interestingly, many clinical trials have been conducted to test the efficacy of nutraceuticals in human subjects, and they have partially confirmed the promising results obtained in vitro and in preclinical models. This article summarizes the anti-cancer mechanisms and therapeutic potentials of different natural compounds in the context of PCa prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Michela Raimondi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Alessandro Di Domizio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (A.D.D.)
- SPILLOproject, 20037 Paderno Dugnano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (A.D.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250318213
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Pereira AB, Silva AMD, Barroca MJ, Marques MPM, Braga SS. Physicochemical properties, antioxidant action and practical application in fresh cheese of the solid inclusion compound γ-cyclodextrin·quercetin, in comparison with β-cyclodextrin·quercetin. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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13
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Caban M, Owczarek K, Chojnacka K, Lewandowska U. Overview of polyphenols and polyphenol-rich extracts as modulators of IGF-1, IGF-1R, and IGFBP expression in cancer diseases. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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14
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Quercetin inhibits prostate cancer by attenuating cell survival and inhibiting anti-apoptotic pathways. World J Surg Oncol 2018; 16:108. [PMID: 29898731 PMCID: PMC6001031 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-018-1400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, prostate cancer (PCa) remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Current treatments offered in the clinics are often toxic and have severe side effects. Hence, to treat and manage PCa, new agents with fewer side effects or having potential to reduce side effects of conventional therapy are needed. In this study, we show anti-cancer effects of quercetin, an abundant bioflavonoid commonly used to treat prostatitis, and defined quercetin-induced cellular and molecular changes leading to PCa cell death. Methods Cell viability was assessed using MTT. Cell death mode, mitochondrial outer membrane potential, and oxidative stress levels were determined by flow cytometry using Annexin V-7 AAD dual staining kit, JC-1 dye, and ROS detection kit, respectively. Antibody microarray and western blot were used to delineate the molecular changes induced by quercetin. Results PCa cells treated with various concentrations of quercetin showed time- and dose-dependent decrease in cell viability compared to controls, without affecting normal prostate epithelial cells. Quercetin led to apoptotic and necrotic cell death in PCa cells by affecting the mitochondrial integrity and disturbing the ROS homeostasis depending upon the genetic makeup and oxidative status of the cells. LNCaP and PC-3 cells that have an oxidative cellular environment showed ROS quenching after quercetin treatment while DU-145 showed rise in ROS levels despite having a highly reductive environment. Opposing effects of quercetin were also observed on the pro-survival pathways of PCa cells. PCa cells with mutated p53 (DU-145) and increased ROS showed significant reduction in the activation of pro-survival Akt pathway while Raf/MEK were activated in response to quercetin. PC-3 cells lacking p53 and PTEN with reduced ROS levels showed significant activation of Akt and NF-κB pathway. Although some of these changes are commonly associated with oncogenic response, the cumulative effect of these alterations is PCa cell death. Conclusions Our results demonstrated quercetin exerts its anti-cancer effects by modulating ROS, Akt, and NF-κB pathways. Quercetin could be used as a chemopreventive option as well as in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs to improve clinical outcomes of PCa patients.
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Sun S, Gong F, Liu P, Miao Q. Metformin combined with quercetin synergistically repressed prostate cancer cells via inhibition of VEGF/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Gene 2018; 664:50-57. [PMID: 29678660 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to examine whether metformin in association with quercetin has any synergistically anti-tumor effects on prostate cancer. Our findings showed that metformin in combination with quercetin synergistically inhibited the growth, migration and invasion of both PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Co-treatment of these two agents induced more apoptosis than single agent treatment. The co-treatment-induced apoptosis was caspase-dependent and accompanied by the down-regulation of Bcl-2 family members. Our data also indicated that co-treatment of metformin and quercetin strongly inhibited the VEGF/Akt/PI3K pathway. Moreover, these two agents acted synergistically to repress the growth of human prostate cancer cell xenograft in vivo in nude mice. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the combination therapy of metformin and quercetin exerted synergistic antitumor effects in prostate cancers via inhibition of VEGF/Akt/PI3K pathway. Thus, combination treatment of metformin and quercetin would be a promising therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuben Sun
- The Urology Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanger Gong
- Ningbo Yinzhou No 2. Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- The Urology Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilong Miao
- The Urology Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Flavonoids from persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) leaves inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in PC-3 cells by activation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 275:210-217. [PMID: 28811126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) leaves are extensively used in Chinese medicine and are also excellent source of dietary polyphenols. Here we investigated the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of the total flavonoids extracted from persimmon leaves (FPL) in PC-3 cells. After treating cells with different concentration of FPL, Quercetin or Rutin for 24 h, MTT and flow cytometry were used to measure the cytotoxicity, apoptotic rate and cell cycle arrest. Compared with Quercetin and Rutin, FPL showed higher cytotoxicity at 12.5 and 25 μg/ml concentrations and also presented lower IC50 in PC-3 cells. In addition, FPL induced PC-3 cells apoptosis by activation of oxidative stress, as detected by ROS, MDA, nitrite and iNOS activity, and increased mitochondrial membrane permeability. Morphological changes, inactivation of Bcl-2, upregulation of BAX, release of cytochrome c and activation of downstream apoptotic signaling in FPL-treated PC-3 cells also suggested apoptotic death. Meanwhile, FPL significantly inhibited migration of PC-3 cells. Therefore, FPL inhibited proliferation, migration and induced apoptosis of PC-3 cells by activation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial-related apoptosis.
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17
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Tummala R, Lou W, Gao AC, Nadiminty N. Quercetin Targets hnRNPA1 to Overcome Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2770-2779. [PMID: 28729398 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains dependent on androgen receptor signaling even after castration. Aberrant androgen receptor signaling in castration-resistant prostate cancer is mediated by mechanisms such as alterations in the androgen receptor and activation of interacting signaling pathways. Clinical evidence confirms that resistance to the next-generation antiandrogen, enzalutamide, may be mediated to a large extent by alternative splicing of the androgen receptor to generate constitutively active splice variants such as AR-V7. The splice variants AR-V7 and ARv567es have been implicated in the resistance to not only enzalutamide, but also to abiraterone and other conventional therapeutics such as taxanes. Numerous studies, including ours, suggest that splicing factors such as hnRNPA1 promote the generation of AR-V7, thus contributing to enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer cells. In the present study, we discovered that quercetin, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, reduces the expression of hnRNPA1, and consequently, that of AR-V7. The suppression of AR-V7 by quercetin resensitizes enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells to treatment with enzalutamide. Our results indicate that quercetin downregulates hnRNPA1 expression, downregulates the expression of AR-V7, antagonizes androgen receptor signaling, and resensitizes enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells to enzalutamide treatment in vivo in mouse xenografts. These findings demonstrate that suppressing the alternative splicing of the androgen receptor may have important implications in overcoming the resistance to next-generation antiandrogen therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(12); 2770-9. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakumar Tummala
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Wei Lou
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Allen C Gao
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Nagalakshmi Nadiminty
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California.
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18
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Zhang Q, Cheng G, Qiu H, Wang Y, Wang J, Xu H, Zhang T, Liu L, Tao Y, Ren Z. Expression of prostate stem cell antigen is downregulated during flavonoid-induced cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1795-1801. [PMID: 28810652 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is expressed in the majority of prostate cancer cases and may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of prostate cancer. The present study evaluated the cytotoxicity of three flavonoids (genistein, luteolin and quercetin) towards DU145 prostate cancer cells, and investigated the effect of these flavonoids on PSCA expression. The results demonstrated that genistein, luteolin and quercetin inhibited the growth of DU145 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05) and induced morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis in DU145 cells. Flow cytometry analysis also indicated that the flavonoids induced S phase cycle arrest in DU145 cells. Notably, it was observed that expression of PSCA was inhibited at the mRNA (P<0.05) and protein levels in DU145 cells following flavonoid treatment compared with the control. These results suggest that flavonoids may be potential therapeutic agents in the treatment and prevention of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Guangdong Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Yuexin Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacological Science, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjuan Ren
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
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Kumar M, Kasala ER, Bodduluru LN, Kumar V, Lahkar M. Molecular and biochemical evidence on the protective effects of quercetin in isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial injury in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 31:1-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Guwahati 781 032 Assam India
| | - Eshvendar Reddy Kasala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Guwahati 781 032 Assam India
| | - Lakshmi Narendra Bodduluru
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Guwahati 781 032 Assam India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics; Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University); Varanasi 221 005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Guwahati 781 032 Assam India
- Department of Pharmacology; Gauhati Medical College; Guwahati 781 032 India
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20
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Kalimuthu S, Gangadaran P, Li XJ, Oh JM, Lee HW, Jeong SY, Lee SW, Lee J, Ahn BC. In Vivo therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles with optical imaging reporter in tumor mice model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30418. [PMID: 27452924 PMCID: PMC4958922 DOI: 10.1038/srep30418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used as a therapeutic armor for cancer. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from MSCs have been evaluated for anticancer effects. In vivo targeting of EVs to the tumor is an essential requirement for successful therapy. Therefore, non-invasive methods of monitoring EVs in animal models are crucial for developing EV-based cancer therapies. The present study to develop bioluminescent EVs using Renilla luciferase (Rluc)-expressing MSCs. The EVs from MSC/Rluc cells (EV-MSC/Rluc) were visualized in a murine lung cancer model. The anticancer effects of EVs on Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and other cancer cells were assessed. EV-MSC/Rluc were visualized in vivo in the LLC-efffuc tumor model using optical imaging. The induction of apoptosis was confirmed with Annexin-V and propidium iodide staining. EV-MSC/Rluc and EV-MSCs showed a significant cytotoxic effect against LLC-effluc cells and 4T1; however, no significant effect on CT26, B16F10, TC1 cells. Moreover, EV-MSC/Rluc inhibited LLC tumor growth in vivo. EV-MSC/Rluc-mediated LLC tumor inhibitory mechanism revealed the decreased pERK and increased cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP. We successfully developed luminescent EV-MSC/Rluc that have a therapeutic effect on LLC cells in both in vitro and in vivo. This bioluminescent EV system can be used to optimize EV-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Kalimuthu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine/Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine/Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiu Juan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine/Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine/Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine/Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine/Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine/Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine/Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
- Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-310, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine/Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
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Srivastava S, Somasagara RR, Hegde M, Nishana M, Tadi SK, Srivastava M, Choudhary B, Raghavan SC. Quercetin, a Natural Flavonoid Interacts with DNA, Arrests Cell Cycle and Causes Tumor Regression by Activating Mitochondrial Pathway of Apoptosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24049. [PMID: 27068577 PMCID: PMC4828642 DOI: 10.1038/srep24049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring compounds are considered as attractive candidates for cancer treatment and prevention. Quercetin and ellagic acid are naturally occurring flavonoids abundantly seen in several fruits and vegetables. In the present study, we evaluate and compare antitumor efficacies of quercetin and ellagic acid in animal models and cancer cell lines in a comprehensive manner. We found that quercetin induced cytotoxicity in leukemic cells in a dose-dependent manner, while ellagic acid showed only limited toxicity. Besides leukemic cells, quercetin also induced cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells, however, its effect on normal cells was limited or none. Further, quercetin caused S phase arrest during cell cycle progression in tested cancer cells. Quercetin induced tumor regression in mice at a concentration 3-fold lower than ellagic acid. Importantly, administration of quercetin lead to ~5 fold increase in the life span in tumor bearing mice compared to that of untreated controls. Further, we found that quercetin interacts with DNA directly, and could be one of the mechanisms for inducing apoptosis in both, cancer cell lines and tumor tissues by activating the intrinsic pathway. Thus, our data suggests that quercetin can be further explored for its potential to be used in cancer therapeutics and combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | | | - Mahesh Hegde
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | | | - Satish Kumar Tadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | - Mrinal Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
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Abstract
Dietary-derived agents, such as the flavonoids, are of particular interest for prostate cancer (PCa) chemoprevention as they may offer a favourable safety and side-effect profile. An agent that demonstrates action on the androgen receptor (AR) axis may have value for preventing or treating castrate-resistant PCa. Four main flavonols - quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, and fisetin - have been demonstrated in laboratory studies to have chemopreventive action in both castrate-resistant and castrate-sensitive PCa models. Mechanisms of flavonol action on the AR axis in PCa have been proposed to be inhibition of the 5α-reductase enzymes, direct androgen competition, suppression of the AR complex and transactivation by coregulators such as c-Jun, Sp1, and the PI3K/Akt pathway. It is, however, still unclear with current levels of evidence whether AR axis-mediated effects can fully account for the flavonols' chemopreventive action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Boam
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool, Merseyside, L7 8XP, UK
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23
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Paller CJ, Kanaan YM, Beyene DA, Naab TJ, Copeland RL, Tsai HL, Kanarek NF, Hudson TS. Risk of prostate cancer in African-American men: Evidence of mixed effects of dietary quercetin by serum vitamin D status. Prostate 2015; 75:1376-83. [PMID: 26047130 PMCID: PMC4536082 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African-American (AA) men experience higher rates of prostate cancer (PCa) and vitamin D (vitD) deficiency than white men. VitD is promoted for PCa prevention, but there is conflicting data on the association between vitD and PCa. We examined the association between serum vitD and dietary quercetin and their interaction with PCa risk in AA men. METHODS Participants included 90 AA men with PCa undergoing treatment at Howard University Hospital (HUH) and 62 controls participating in HUH's free PCa screening program. We measured serum 25-hydroxy vitD [25(OH)D] and used the 98.2 item Block Brief 2000 Food Frequency Questionnaires to measure dietary intake of quercetin and other nutrients. Case and control groups were compared using a two-sample t-test for continuous risk factors and a Fisher exact test for categorical factors. Associations between risk factors and PCa risk were examined via age-adjusted logistic regression models. RESULTS Interaction effects of dietary quercetin and serum vitD on PCa status were observed. AA men (age 40-70) with normal levels of serum vitD (>30 ng/ml) had a 71% lower risk of PCa compared to AA men with vitD deficiency (OR = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.08-1.03; P = 0.055). In individuals with vitD deficiency, increased dietary quercetin showed a tendency toward lower risk of PCa (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.82-1.00; P = 0.054, age-adjusted) while men with normal vitD were at elevated risk (OR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.04-1.45). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that AA men who are at a higher risk of PCa may benefit more from vitD intake, and supplementation with dietary quercetin may increase the risk of PCa in AA men with normal vitD levels. Further studies with larger populations are needed to better understand the impact of the interaction between sera vitD levels and supplementation with quercetin on PCa in AA men.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Paller
- Johns Hopkins University, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Y M Kanaan
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - D A Beyene
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - T J Naab
- Department of Pathology, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - R L Copeland
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - H L Tsai
- Johns Hopkins University, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - N F Kanarek
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - T S Hudson
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
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Yang F, Song L, Wang H, Wang J, Xu Z, Xing N. Combination of Quercetin and 2-Methoxyestradiol Enhances Inhibition of Human Prostate Cancer LNCaP and PC-3 Cells Xenograft Tumor Growth. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128277. [PMID: 26011145 PMCID: PMC4444352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin and 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME) are promising anti-cancer substances. Our previous in vitro study showed that quercetin synergized with 2-Methoxyestradiol exhibiting increased antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity in both androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-independent PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines. In the present study, we determined whether their combination could inhibit LNCaP and PC-3 xenograft tumor growth in vivo and explored the underlying mechanism. Human prostate cancer LNCaP and PC-3 cells were inoculated subcutaneously in male BALB/c nude mice. When xenograft tumors reached about 100 mm3, mice were randomly allocated to vehicle control, quercetin or 2-Methoxyestradiol singly treated and combination treatment groups. After therapeutic intervention for 4 weeks, combination treatment of quercetin and 2-ME i) significantly inhibited prostate cancer xenograft tumor growth by 46.8% for LNCaP and 51.3% for PC-3 as compared to vehicle control group, more effective than quercetin (28.4% for LNCaP, 24.8% for PC3) or 2-ME (32.1% for LNCaP, 28.9% for PC3) alone; ii) was well tolerated by BALB/c mice and no obvious toxic reactions were observed; iii) led to higher Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3 protein expression and apoptosis rate; and iv) resulted in lower phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) protein level, vascular endothelial growth factor protein and mRNA expression, microvascular density and proliferation rate than single drug treatment. These effects were more remarkable compared to vehicle group. Therefore, combination of quercetin and 2-ME can serve as a novel clinical treatment regimen owning the potential of enhancing antitumor effect on prostate cancer in vivo and lessening the dose and side effects of either quercetin or 2-ME alone. These in vivo results will lay a further solid basis for subsequent researches on this novel therapeutic regimen in human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiya Yang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liming Song
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqing Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Nianzeng Xing
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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YANG FEIYA, SONG LIMING, WANG HUIPING, WANG JUN, XU ZHIQING, XING NIANZENG. Quercetin in prostate cancer: Chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive effects, mechanisms and clinical application potential (Review). Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2659-68. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Epidermal growth factor-induced prostate cancer (PC3) cell survival and proliferation is inhibited by quercetin, a plant flavonoid through apoptotic machinery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Firdous AB, Sharmila G, Balakrishnan S, RajaSingh P, Suganya S, Srinivasan N, Arunakaran J. Quercetin, a natural dietary flavonoid, acts as a chemopreventive agent against prostate cancer in an in vivo model by inhibiting the EGFR signaling pathway. Food Funct 2014; 5:2632-45. [PMID: 25164625 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00255e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates have increased over the past years. The purpose of the present study was to examine the molecular mechanism underlying the chemopreventive effects of quercetin on prostate cancer in an in vivo model. Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups, Group I: vehicle control (propylene glycol), Group II: chemically induced cancer model (MNU + T); Group III: chemically induced cancer model + quercetin (200 mg per kg b.w.); Group IV: quercetin (200 mg per kg b.w.). Serum levels of quercetin were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). EGFR, PI3K/Akt protein levels were significantly increased in chemically induced cancer rats, which were brought back to normalcy in both DLP & VP (dorsolateral prostate & ventral prostate) by quercetin supplementation. Also, the protein expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), N-cadherin, vimentin, and cyclin D1 exhibited a significant increase in both DLP & VP of chemically induced cancer rats. However, simultaneous quercetin supplementation significantly decreased PCNA, N-cadherin, vimentin, and cyclin D1 protein levels compared to chemically induced cancer rats. The E-cadherin expression was decreased in chemically induced cancer animals. Simultaneous quercetin supplementation prevented it. Real time PCR was used to study the mRNA expression of snail, slug and twist. Quercetin significantly decreased snail, slug, and twist mRNA levels in chemically induced cancer rats. To conclude from the present study, quercetin was effective in preventing prostate cancer progression by inhibiting the EGFR signaling pathway and by regulating cell adhesion molecules in Sprague Dawley rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Firdous
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai-600113, India.
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Chemopreventive effect of quercetin, a natural dietary flavonoid on prostate cancer in in vivo model. Clin Nutr 2014; 33:718-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Immunomodulatory effect of red onion (Allium cepa Linn) scale extract on experimentally induced atypical prostatic hyperplasia in Wistar rats. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:640746. [PMID: 24829522 PMCID: PMC4009127 DOI: 10.1155/2014/640746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Red onion scales (ROS) contain large amounts of flavonoids that are responsible for the reported antioxidant activity, immune enhancement, and anticancer property. Atypical prostatic hyperplasia (APH) was induced in adult castrated Wistar rats by both s.c. injection of testosterone (0.5 mg/rat/day) and by smearing citral on shaved skin once every 3 days for 30 days. Saw palmetto (100 mg/kg) as a positive control and ROS suspension at doses of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day were given orally every day for 30 days. All medications were started 7 days after castration and along with testosterone and citral. The HPLC profile of ROS methanolic extract displayed two major peaks identified as quercetin and quercetin-4′-β-O-D-glucoside. Histopathological examination of APH-induced prostatic rats revealed evidence of hyperplasia and inflammation with cellular proliferation and reduced apoptosis Immunohistochemistry showed increased tissue expressions of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IGF-1, and clusterin, while TGF-β1 was decreased, which correlates with the presence of inflammation. Both saw palmetto and RO scale treatment have ameliorated these changes. These ameliorative effects were more evident in RO scale groups and were dose dependent. In conclusion, methanolic extract of ROS showed a protective effect against APH induced rats that may be attributed to potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.
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Liu KC, Yen CY, Wu RSC, Yang JS, Lu HF, Lu KW, Lo C, Chen HY, Tang NY, Wu CC, Chung JG. The roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway in quercetin-mediated cell death of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:428-439. [PMID: 22431435 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer has its highest incidence and is becoming a major concern. Many studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine exhibited antitumor responses. Quercetin, a natural polyphenolic compound, has been shown to induce apoptosis in many human cancer cell lines. Although numerous evidences show multiple possible signaling pathways of quercetin in apoptosis, there is no report to address the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in quercetin-induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of quercetin on the induction of the apoptotic pathway in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Cells were treated with quercetin for 24 and 48 h and at various doses (50-200 μM), and cell morphology and viability decreased significantly in dose-dependent manners. Flow cytometric assay indicated that quercetin at 150 μM caused G0/G1 phase arrest (31.4-49.7%) and sub-G1 phase cells (19.77%) for 36 h treatment and this effect is a time-dependent manner. Western blotting analysis indicated that quercetin induces the G0/G1 phase arrest via decreasing the levels of CDK2, cyclins E, and D proteins. Quercetin also stimulated the protein expression of ATF, GRP78, and GADD153 which is a hall marker of ER stress. Furthermore, PC-3 cells after incubation with quercetin for 48 h showed an apoptotic cell death and DNA damage which are confirmed by DAPI and Comet assays, leading to decrease the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein and level of ΔΨm , and increase the proapoptotic Bax protein and the activations of caspase-3, -8, and -9. Moreover, quercetin promoted the trafficking of AIF protein released from mitochondria to nuclei. These data suggest that quercetin may induce apoptosis by direct activation of caspase cascade through mitochondrial pathway and ER stress in PC-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Choi KE, Jung YS, Kim DH, Song JK, Kim JY, Jung YY, Eum SY, Kim JH, Yoon NY, Yoo HS, Han SB, Hong JT. Myriocin induces apoptotic lung cancer cell death via activation of DR4 pathway. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 37:501-11. [PMID: 24395529 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been known that myriocin inhibits melanoma growth. However, the effects and action mechanisms of myriocin on lung cancer cell growth have not been reported. In this study, we examined whether myriocin isolated from Mycelia sterilia inhibits cell growth of lung cancer cells (A549 and NCI-H460) as well as possible signaling pathways involved in cell growth inhibition. Different concentrations of myriocin inhibited the growth of lung cancer cells through the induction of apoptotic cell death. Consistent with cancer cell growth inhibition, myriocin induced the expression of death receptors (DRs) as well as p-JNK and p-p38 in both cell lines. Moreover, the combination of myriocin with DR4 ligand TRAIL, and other well known anti-tumor drugs (docetaxel and cisplatin) synergistically inhibited cancer cell growth, and induced DR4 expression. These results showed that myriocin inhibits lung cancer cells growth through apoptosis via the activation of DR4 pathways, and enhanced anti-cancer effects with well known drugs. Thus, our study indicates that myriocin could be effective for lung cancer cells as an anti-cancer drug and/or a conjunction agent with well known anti-cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Eun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 48, Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, 361-763, Chungbuk, Korea
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Carini JP, Klamt F, Bassani VL. Flavonoids from Achyrocline satureioides: promising biomolecules for anticancer therapy. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43627f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Abstract
Food-derived flavonoid quercetin, widely distributed in onions, apples, and tea, is able to inhibit growth of various cancer cells indicating that this compound can be considered as a good candidate for anticancer therapy. Although the exact mechanism of this action is not thoroughly understood, behaving as antioxidant and/or prooxidant as well as modulating different intracellular signalling cascades may all play a certain role. Such inhibitory activity of quercetin has been shown to depend first of all on cell lines and cancer types; however, no comprehensive site-specific analysis of this effect has been published. In this review article, cytotoxicity constants of quercetin measured in various human malignant cell lines of different origin were compiled from literature and a clear cancer selective action was demonstrated. The most sensitive malignant sites for quercetin revealed to be cancers of blood, brain, lung, uterine, and salivary gland as well as melanoma whereas cytotoxic activity was higher in more aggressive cells compared to the slowly growing cells showing that the most harmful cells for the organism are probably targeted. More research is needed to overcome the issues of poor water solubility and relatively low bioavailability of quercetin as the major obstacles limiting its clinical use.
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Sharmila G, Athirai T, Kiruthiga B, Senthilkumar K, Elumalai P, Arunkumar R, Arunakaran J. Chemopreventive effect of quercetin in MNU and testosterone induced prostate cancer of Sprague-Dawley rats. Nutr Cancer 2013; 66:38-46. [PMID: 24320139 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.847967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer becomes an ideal target for chemoprevention because of its high incidence and extended natural history. The consumption of quercetin (plant flavonoid) in diet is associated with decreased risk of disease and many cancers but then this was not elucidated in prostate malignancy. Hence, a study in which the male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced prostate cancer by hormone (testosterone) and carcinogen (MNU) and simultaneously supplemented with quercetin (200 mg/Kg body weight) thrice a week, was conducted. After the treatment period, rats were killed; ventral and dorsolateral lobes of the prostate were dissected. Histology and oxidative stress markers LPO, H2O2, and antioxidant GSH level were measured in both lobes. The lipid peroxidation, H2O2, in (MNU+T) treated rats were increased and GSH level was decreased, whereas simultaneous quercetin-treated rats reverted back to normal level in both ventral and dorsolateral regions. The different patterns of PIN were observed with associated hyperplasia and dysplasia; changes in these regions and the occurrence of this lesion were reduced in simultaneous quercetin-treated rats. The study concluded that dietary quercetin prevented MNU + T-induced prostate carcinogenesis on both ventral and dorsolateral lobes of Sprague-Dawley rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindaraj Sharmila
- a Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , University of Madras , Chennai , India
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35
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Jung M, Bu SY, Tak KH, Park JE, Kim E. Anticarcinogenic effect of quercetin by inhibition of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signaling in mouse skin cancer. Nutr Res Pract 2013; 7:439-45. [PMID: 24353828 PMCID: PMC3865265 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2013.7.6.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that dysregulation of IGF-1 signaling is associated with tumor incidence and progression, whereas blockade of the signaling can effectively inhibit carcinogenesis. Although several mechanisms of anticancer activity of quercetin were proposed, molecular targets of quercetin have not been identified yet. Hence, we assessed the effect of quercetin on IGF-1 signaling inhibition in BK5.IGF-1 transgenic (Tg) mice, which over-expresses IGF-1 in the skin epidermis. A quercetin diet (0.02% wt/wt) for 20 weeks remarkably delayed the incidence of skin tumor by 2 weeks and reduced tumor multiplicity by 35% in a 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) two stage mouse skin carcinogenesis protocol. Moreover, skin hyperplasia in Tg mice was significantly inhibited by a quercetin supplementation. Further analysis of the MT1/2 skin papilloma cell line showed that a quercetin treatment dose dependently suppressed IGF-1 induced phosphorylation of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, Akt and S6K; however, had no effect on the phosphorylation of PTEN. Additionally, the quercetin treatment inhibited IGF-1 stimulated cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner. Taken together, these data suggest that quercetin has a potent anticancer activity through the inhibition of IGF-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - So Young Bu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 712-714, Korea
| | - Ka-Hee Tak
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Catholic University of Daegu, 13-13 Hayangro, Hayangeup, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-702, Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Catholic University of Daegu, 13-13 Hayangro, Hayangeup, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-702, Korea
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Catholic University of Daegu, 13-13 Hayangro, Hayangeup, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-702, Korea
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Yang EJ, Kim GS, Kim JA, Song KS. Protective effects of onion-derived quercetin on glutamate-mediated hippocampal neuronal cell death. Pharmacogn Mag 2013; 9:302-8. [PMID: 24124281 PMCID: PMC3793334 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.117824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive neuron degeneration in specific functional systems of the central or peripheral nervous system. This study investigated the protective effects of quercetin isolated from onion on neuronal cells and its protective mechanisms against glutamate-induced apoptosis in HT22 cells. Materials and Methods: HT22 cells were cultured to study the neuroprotective mechanism of quercetin against glutamate-mediated oxidative stress. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were measured. The protein expression of calpain, spectrin, Bcl-2, Bax, Bid, cytochrome c, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was evaluated by Western blotting. Results: Quercetin had a protective effect by reducing both intracellular ROS overproduction and glutamate-mediated Ca2+ influx. These effects were due to the downregulation of several apoptosis-related biochemical markers. Calpain expression was reduced and spectrin cleavage was inhibited by quercetin in glutamate-exposed HT22 cells. Disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), activation of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bid and Bax, and cytochrome c release in response to glutamate-induced oxidative stress were reduced. Quercetin also suppressed phosphorylation of MAPKs. Conclusion: This is the first report on the detailed mechanisms of the protective effect of quercetin on HT22 cells. Onion extract and quercetin may be useful for preventing or treating neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Yang
- BK21 Research Team for Developing Functional Health and Food Materials, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
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Sugantha Priya E, Selvakumar K, Bavithra S, Elumalai P, Arunkumar R, Raja Singh P, Brindha Mercy A, Arunakaran J. Anti-cancer activity of quercetin in neuroblastoma: an in vitro approach. Neurol Sci 2013; 35:163-70. [PMID: 23771516 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-013-1462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a neuroendocrine tumour derived from neural crest cells and it remains a major therapeutic challenge in pediatric oncology. As response rates to chemotherapy are low, surgery remains the only effective treatment but since many tumors have metastasized at the time of diagnosis, curative surgery is rarely achieved. Consequently, a substantial need for new therapeutic options emerges. Quercetin a flavonoid, has been reported to lower the risk of several cancers. This study was designed to investigate its effects on apoptosis induction in the N2a, a mouse neuroblastoma cell line. The cell viability was determined by dimethyl thiazolyl tetrazolium bromide assay and diamidino-2-phenylindole staining was performed to confirm the apoptosis. The gene expression of bcl-w, p53, p27 and protein expression of caspases (3 and 9), bax, cytochrome-c were studied. This in vitro outcome suggests that quercetin can be used as a potent anti-cancer drug in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sugantha Priya
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, 600113, India
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Vásquez-Garzón VR, Macias-Pérez JR, Jiménez-García MN, Villegas V, Fattel-Fazenta S, Villa-Treviño S. The chemopreventive capacity of quercetin to induce programmed cell death in hepatocarcinogenesis. Toxicol Pathol 2012. [PMID: 23197198 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312467522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study of chemoprevention in the rat modified resistant hepatocyte model, preneoplastic cells were diminished by >60% with quercetin pretreatment compared with those rats treated with N-Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to induce liver cancer. This decrease occurred associated with an abolished DEN-induced lipid peroxidation as well as activation of caspase 9 and increased caspase 3, as determined by increased expression of cleaved caspase 3 and 9, but not cleaved caspase 8 and increased fragmentation of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inducing apoptosis of presumed genetically injured cells, when quercetin was administered before the initiation agent.
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Effect of Quercetin on Haematobiochemical and Histological Changes in the Liver of Polychlorined Biphenyls-Induced Adult Male Wistar Rats. J Biomark 2012; 2013:960125. [PMID: 26317025 PMCID: PMC4437364 DOI: 10.1155/2013/960125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls exposure damages the rat liver cells. Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin, packed cell volume, red-blood cells, white-blood cells, neutrophils, platelet counts, and RBC indices were significantly decreased. Polymorphs, eosinophil counts, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly increased. Serum liver enzymes such as aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase were increased by PCBs treatment. Serum lipid profiles such as cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins and very-low-density lipoproteins were increased in PCBs-treated rats. High-density lipoprotein, total protein, albumin, globulin levels, and albumin/globulin ratio were also decreased after PCB exposure. Then levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate were also altered. Serum glucose levels were increased along with total bilirubin after PCBs exposure. Simultaneous quercetin supplementation significantly protected the PCBs-induced changes of hematobiochemical parameters. Thus, quercetin shows a protective role against PCBs-induced alterations in the hematological and biochemical parameters.
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Arunkumar R, Sharmila G, Elumalai P, Senthilkumar K, Banudevi S, Gunadharini DN, Benson CS, Daisy P, Arunakaran J. Effect of diallyl disulfide on insulin-like growth factor signaling molecules involved in cell survival and proliferation of human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in silico approach through docking analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:912-923. [PMID: 22739413 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diallyl Disulfide (DADS) is one of the major components of garlic, which inhibits the proliferation of various cancer cells. Our previous studies showed that DADS inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis on prostate cancer cells. Insulin like growth factor signaling pathway plays a significant role on prostate cancer cell growth and survival and it's over expression also identified in human prostate cancers. The molecular mechanism of IGF mediated PI3K/Akt signaling remains to be elucidated. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of diallyl disulfide on IGF signaling in androgen independent prostate cancer cells (PC-3). METHODS DADS (10-50 μM) caused dose-dependent inhibition of PC-3 cells, were analyzed by MTT, IC50 value of PC-3 cells was 40 μM for 24h. Interestingly, DADS also altered the mRNA and protein expressions of IGF signaling and apoptotic molecules which were confirmed by semi quantitative PCR and western blot method. Further the docking study of DADS with IGF receptor was carried out by Ligand Fit of Discovery studio. Accord Excel Package was used for the prediction of ADME properties of the compound. RESULTS The results suggests that DADS decreases the survival rate of androgen independent prostate cancer cells by modulating the expression of IGF system, which leads to inhibition of phosphorylation of Akt, thereby inhibits cell cycle progression and survival by lowering the expression of cyclin D1, NFkB and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 molecule and increasing the level of pro-apoptotic (Bad and Bax) signaling molecules which leads to apoptosis. CONCLUSION The present investigation showed downregulation of Akt and a concomitant increase in apoptosis in DADS treated prostate cancer cells. Since inhibition of this Akt pathway by DADS leads to inhibition in cancer cell progression, it is highly suggested that DADS has the potential use as a therapy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arunkumar
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
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41
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Anhê GF, Okamoto MM, Kinote A, Sollon C, Lellis-Santos C, Anhê FF, Lima GA, Hirabara SM, Velloso LA, Bordin S, Machado UF. Quercetin decreases inflammatory response and increases insulin action in skeletal muscle of ob/ob mice and in L6 myotubes. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 689:285-93. [PMID: 22713545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin is a potent anti-inflammatory flavonoid, but its capacity to modulate insulin sensitivity in obese insulin resistant conditions is unknown. This study investigated the effect of quercetin treatment upon insulin sensitivity of ob/ob mice and its potential molecular mechanisms. Obese ob/ob mice were treated with quercetin for 10 weeks, and L6 myotubes were treated with either palmitate or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) plus quercetin. Cells and muscles were processed for analysis of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), TNFα and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) kinase (IκK) phosphorylation. Myotubes were assayed for glucose uptake and NF-κB translocation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assessed NF-κB binding to GLUT4 promoter. Quercetin treatment improved whole body insulin sensitivity by increasing GLUT4 expression and decreasing JNK phosphorylation, and TNFα and iNOS expression in skeletal muscle. Quercetin suppressed palmitate-induced upregulation of TNFα and iNOS and restored normal levels of GLUT4 in myotubes. In parallel, quercetin suppressed TNFα-induced reduction of glucose uptake in myotubes. Nuclear accumulation of NF-κB in myotubes and binding of NF-κB to GLUT4 promoter in muscles of ob/ob mice were also reduced by quercetin. We demonstrated that quercetin decreased the inflammatory status in skeletal muscle of obese mice and in L6 myotubes. This effect was followed by increased muscle GLUT4, with parallel improvement of insulin sensitivity. These results point out quercetin as a putative strategy to manage inflammatory-related insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel F Anhê
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Alexander Fleming Street, #101, FCM10 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Kuno T, Tsukamoto T, Hara A, Tanaka T. Cancer chemoprevention through the induction of apoptosis by natural compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jbpc.2012.32018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Protective Role of Quercetin on PCBs-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Hippocampus of Adult Rats. Neurochem Res 2011; 37:708-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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44
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Oxidative Stress and β-Amyloid Protein in Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuromolecular Med 2011; 13:223-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-011-8155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Xiao X, Shi D, Liu L, Wang J, Xie X, Kang T, Deng W. Quercetin suppresses cyclooxygenase-2 expression and angiogenesis through inactivation of P300 signaling. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22934. [PMID: 21857970 PMCID: PMC3152552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, a polyphenolic bioflavonoid, possesses multiple pharmacological actions including anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. However, the precise action mechanisms of quercetin remain unclear. Here, we reported the regulatory actions of quercetin on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an important mediator in inflammation and tumor promotion, and revealed the underlying mechanisms. Quercetin significantly suppressed COX-2 mRNA and protein expression and prostaglandin (PG) E(2) production, as well as COX-2 promoter activation in breast cancer cells. Quercetin also significantly inhibited COX-2-mediated angiogenesis in human endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. The in vitro streptavidin-agarose pulldown assay and in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that quercetin considerably inhibited the binding of the transactivators CREB2, C-Jun, C/EBPβ and NF-κB and blocked the recruitment of the coactivator p300 to COX-2 promoter. Moreover, quercetin effectively inhibited p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, thereby attenuating the p300-mediated acetylation of NF-κB. Treatment of cells with p300 HAT inhibitor roscovitine was as effective as quercetin at inhibiting p300 HAT activity. Addition of quercetin to roscovitine-treated cells did not change the roscovitine-induced inhibition of p300 HAT activity. Conversely, gene delivery of constitutively active p300 significantly reversed the quercetin-mediated inhibition of endogenous HAT activity. These results indicate that quercetin suppresses COX-2 expression by inhibiting the p300 signaling and blocking the binding of multiple transactivators to COX-2 promoter. Our findings therefore reveal a novel mechanism of action of quercetin and suggest a potential use for quercetin in the treatment of COX-2-mediated diseases such as breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital-Huangpu Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingshu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiebang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Kovacic P, Somanathan R. Cell signaling and receptors with resorcinols and flavonoids: redox, reactive oxygen species, and physiological effects. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2011; 31:265-70. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2011.586353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Senthilkumar K, Arunkumar R, Elumalai P, Sharmila G, Gunadharini DN, Banudevi S, Krishnamoorthy G, Benson CS, Arunakaran J. Quercetin inhibits invasion, migration and signalling molecules involved in cell survival and proliferation of prostate cancer cell line (PC-3). Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:87-95. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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