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Schumacher T, Reyer H, Maak S, Röntgen M. Homer 1 genotype AA variant relates to congenital splay leg syndrome in piglets by repressing Pax7 in myogenic progenitors. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1028879. [PMID: 38099002 PMCID: PMC10719620 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1028879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Porcine congenital splay leg syndrome (PCS) is a major birth defect in piglets, resulting in lameness and high mortality rates. The multifactorial pathogenesis of PSC is not well understood but includes a polygenic inheritance. Methods Here, in addition to morphological investigations, we characterized the expression of myogenic genes and functional (proliferation and differentiation) properties of myogenic precursor/satellite cells (SATCs) in 1 day-old PCS piglets, non-affected littermates (LCs), and piglets from PCS-free healthy litters (HCs). In addition, PCS phenotypes were related to the SNP Homer1_rs325197091 within the Homer1 locus, which has been identified as a potential hereditary cause of PCS. Results and discussion Samples from musculus semitendinosus (ST) of PCS piglets had a higher proportion of type II fibers, reflecting myofiber immaturity. In addition, myofiber atrophy, a lower number of myonuclei per fiber (ST), and a higher apoptotic activity (in ST and longissimus dorsi muscle; LD) were found in the PCS group. A higher proportion of cycling committed myoblasts (Pax7+/Ki67+ cells) occurred in samples from PCS-affected piglets, and on the other hand, the mRNA expression of genes involved in differentiation (muscle differentiation 1; MyoD, myogenin; MyoG) was repressed compared with HCs. Cultured SATCs from PCS-affected animals showed a temporal shift in peak expression of Pax7, MyoD, and MyoG toward days 3 and 4 of their 7 days differentiation regime. In vitro experiments with isolated SATCs confirmed the lower differentiation potential and the delayed progression of the myogenic processes in cells from piglets with PCS phenotype. In addition, Pax7 and desmin were differently expressed in Homer1_rs325197091 genotype variants (GG, GA, and AA). Both genes showed the lowest expression in the homozygous AA-variant, which was most frequently found in PCS-affected animals. The homozygous AA-variant was also associated with lower expression of the truncated Homer1-subtype 205. Thus, we hypothesize that in PCS, the balance between Homer1 proteins and its signaling functions is changed in a way detrimental to the myogenic differentiation program. Our results demonstrated direct negative effects of the Homer1 AA genotype on Pax7 expression, but the exact mode of action still needs to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Schumacher
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Henry Reyer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Steffen Maak
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Monika Röntgen
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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2
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Tezze C, Sandri M, Tessari P. Anabolic Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia in the Elderly: Role of Nutrition and Exercise in Young and Old People. Nutrients 2023; 15:4073. [PMID: 37764858 PMCID: PMC10535169 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of sarcopenia in the elderly is associated with many potential factors and/or processes that impair the renovation and maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and strength as ageing progresses. Among them, a defect by skeletal muscle to respond to anabolic stimuli is to be considered. Common anabolic stimuli/signals in skeletal muscle are hormones (insulin, growth hormones, IGF-1, androgens, and β-agonists such epinephrine), substrates (amino acids such as protein precursors on top, but also glucose and fat, as source of energy), metabolites (such as β-agonists and HMB), various biochemical/intracellular mediators), physical exercise, neurogenic and immune-modulating factors, etc. Each of them may exhibit a reduced effect upon skeletal muscle in ageing. In this article, we overview the role of anabolic signals on muscle metabolism, as well as currently available evidence of resistance, at the skeletal muscle level, to anabolic factors, from both in vitro and in vivo studies. Some indications on how to augment the effects of anabolic signals on skeletal muscle are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Tezze
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Paolo Tessari
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
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3
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Lee J, Park J, Choe H, Shim K. Insect peptide CopA3 promotes proliferation and PAX7 and MYOD expression in porcine muscle satellite cells. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:1132-1143. [PMID: 36812017 PMCID: PMC9890342 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insects are a valuable natural source that can produce a variety of bioactive compounds due to their increasing species diversity. CopA3 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from Copris tripartitus (i.e., the dung beetle). It is known to increase the proliferation of colonic epithelial and neuronal stem cells by regulating cell cycle. This research hypothesized that CopA3 can promote the proliferation of porcine muscle satellite cells (MSCs). The effects of CopA3 on porcine MSCs, which are important for muscle growth and regeneration, remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of CopA3 on porcine MSCs. According to viability results, we designed four groups: control (without CopA3) and three treatment groups (treated with 5,10, and 25 μg/mL of CopA3). At a CopA3 concentration of 5 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL, the proliferation of MSCs increased more than that observed in the control group. Furthermore, compared to that in the control, CopA3 treatment increased the S phase but decreased the G0/G1 phase ratio. Additionally, early and late apoptotic cells were found to be decreased in the 5 μg/mL group. The expressions of the myogenesis-related transcription factor PAX7 and MYOD proteins were significantly upregulated in the 5 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL groups, whereas the MYOG protein remained undetected in all group. This study suggested that CopA3 promotes muscle cell proliferation by regulating the cell cycle of MSCs and can regulate the activity of MSCs by increasing the expressions of PAX7 and MYOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Convergence
Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
| | - Jinryoung Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative
Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 06591, Korea,3D Tissue Culture Research Center, Konkuk
University, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Hosung Choe
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Kwanseob Shim
- Department of Agricultural Convergence
Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea,Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea,Corresponding author: Kwanseob Shim,
Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University,
Jeonju 54896, Korea. Tel: +82-63-270-2609, E-mail:
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4
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Zhao Y, Albrecht E, Stange K, Li Z, Schregel J, Sciascia QL, Metges CC, Maak S. Glutamine supplementation stimulates cell proliferation in skeletal muscle and cultivated myogenic cells of low birth weight piglets. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13432. [PMID: 34183762 PMCID: PMC8239033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle growth of low birth weight (LBW) piglets may be improved with adapted nutrition. This study elucidated effects of glutamine (Gln) supplementation on the cellular muscle development of LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) piglets. Male piglets (n = 144) were either supplemented with 1 g Gln/kg body weight or an isonitrogeneous amount of alanine (Ala) between postnatal day 1 and 12 (dpn). Twelve piglets per group were slaughtered at 5, 12 and 26 dpn, one hour after injection with Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 12 mg/kg). Muscle samples were collected and myogenic cells were isolated and cultivated. Expression of muscle growth related genes was quantified with qPCR. Proliferating, BrdU-positive cells in muscle sections were detected with immunohistochemistry indicating different cell types and decreasing proliferation with age. More proliferation was observed in muscle tissue of LBW-GLN than LBW-ALA piglets at 5 dpn, but there was no clear effect of supplementation on related gene expression. Cell culture experiments indicated that Gln could promote cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner, but expression of myogenesis regulatory genes was not altered. Overall, Gln supplementation stimulated cell proliferation in muscle tissue and in vitro in myogenic cell culture, whereas muscle growth regulatory genes were barely altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolu Zhao
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Elke Albrecht
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Katja Stange
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Zeyang Li
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Schregel
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Quentin L Sciascia
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia C Metges
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Steffen Maak
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
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5
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Song Y, Li L, Zhao W, Qian Y, Dong L, Fang Y, Yang L, Fan Y. Surface modification of electrospun fibers with mechano-growth factor for mitigating the foreign-body reaction. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2983-2998. [PMID: 33732968 PMCID: PMC7930508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The implantation of synthetic polymeric scaffolds induced foreign-body reaction (FBR) seriously influence the wound healing and impair functionality recovery. A novel short peptide, mechano-growth factor (MGF), was introduced in this study to modify an electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibrous scaffold to direct the macrophage phenotype transition and mitigate the FBR. In vitro studies discovered the cell signal transduction mechanism of MGF regulates the macrophage polarization via the expression of related genes and proteins. We found that macrophages response the MGF stimuli via endocytosis, then MGF promotes the histone acetylation and upregulates the STAT6 expression to direct an anti-inflammatory phenotype transition. Subsequently, an immunoregulatory electrospun PCL fibrous scaffold was modified by silk fibroin (SF) single-component layer-by-layer assembly, and the SF was decorated with MGF via click chemistry. Macrophages seeded on scaffold to identify the function of MGF modified scaffold in directing macrophage polarization in vitro. Parallelly, rat subcutaneous implantation model and rat tendon adhesion model were performed to detect the immunomodulatory ability of the MGF-modified scaffold in vivo. The results demonstrate that MGF-modified scaffold is beneficial to the transformation of macrophages to M2 phenotype in vitro. More importantly, MGF-functionalized scaffold can inhibit the FBR at the subcutaneous tissue and prevent tissue adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Linhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Weikang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yuna Qian
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, PR China
| | - Lili Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Yunnan Fang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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Role of Alternatively Spliced Messenger RNA (mRNA) Isoforms of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) in Selected Human Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196995. [PMID: 32977489 PMCID: PMC7582825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a key regulator of tissue growth and development that is also implicated in the initiation and progression of various cancers. The human IGF1 gene contains six exons and five long introns, the transcription of which is controlled by two promoters (P1 and P2). Alternate promoter usage, as well as alternative splicing (AS) of IGF1, results in the expression of six various variants (isoforms) of mRNA, i.e., IA, IB, IC, IIA, IIB, and IIC. A mature 70-kDa IGF1 protein is coded only by exons 3 and 4, while exons 5 and 6 are alternatively spliced code for the three C-terminal E peptides: Ea (exon 6), Eb (exon 5), and Ec (fragments of exons 5 and 6). The most abundant of those transcripts is IGF1Ea, followed by IGF1Eb and IGF1Ec (also known as mechano-growth factor, MGF). The presence of different IGF1 transcripts suggests tissue-specific auto- and/or paracrine action, as well as separate regulation of both of these gene promoters. In physiology, the role of different IGF1 mRNA isoforms and pro-peptides is best recognized in skeletal muscle tissue. Their functions include the development and regeneration of muscles, as well as maintenance of proper muscle mass. In turn, in nervous tissue, a neuroprotective function of short peptides, produced as a result of IGF1 expression and characterized by significant blood-brain barrier penetrance, has been described and could be a potential therapeutic target. When it comes to the regulation of carcinogenesis, the potential biological role of different var iants of IGF1 mRNAs and pro-peptides is also intensively studied. This review highlights the role of IGF1 isoform expression (mRNAs, proteins) in physiology and different types of human tumors (e.g., breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, osteosarcoma, prostate and thyroid cancers), as well as mechanisms of IGF1 spliced variants involvement in tumor biology.
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Gonzalez ML, Busse NI, Waits CM, Johnson SE. Satellite cells and their regulation in livestock. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5807489. [PMID: 32175577 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells are the myogenic stem and progenitor population found in skeletal muscle. These cells typically reside in a quiescent state until called upon to support repair, regeneration, or muscle growth. The activities of satellite cells are orchestrated by systemic hormones, autocrine and paracrine growth factors, and the composition of the basal lamina of the muscle fiber. Several key intracellular signaling events are initiated in response to changes in the local environment causing exit from quiescence, proliferation, and differentiation. Signals emanating from Notch, wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site family members, and transforming growth factor-β proteins mediate the reversible exit from growth 0 phase while those initiated by members of the fibroblast growth factor and insulin-like growth factor families direct proliferation and differentiation. Many of these pathways impinge upon the myogenic regulatory factors (MRF), myogenic factor 5, myogenic differentiation factor D, myogenin and MRF4, and the lineage determinate, Paired box 7, to alter transcription and subsequent satellite cell decisions. In the recent past, insight into mouse transgenic models has led to a firm understanding of regulatory events that control satellite cell metabolism and myogenesis. Many of these niche-regulated functions offer subtle differences from their counterparts in livestock pointing to the existence of species-specific controls. The purpose of this review is to examine the mechanisms that mediate large animal satellite cell activity and their relationship to those present in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison L Gonzalez
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Nicolas I Busse
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | | | - Sally E Johnson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
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8
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Ma Y, Song Y, Li L, Dong L, Wang C, Wang P, Yang L. Mechano growth factor pretreatment yield mechanical stimuli induced cell stress responses in ligament fibroblasts of osteoarthritis via activating ATF-2. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1337-1349. [PMID: 32222864 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to investigate whether mechanical growth factor (MGF) promotes mechanical response to ligament fibroblasts in osteoarthritis knee cavity via activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2). RESULTS Osteoarthritis ligament fibroblasts (OA-LFs) were suffered from 12% static mechanical stretch to mimic mechanical force mediated ligament injury. Meanwhile, OA-LFs were treated with MGF before and during mechanical stretch. We observed that OA delayed LFs response to mechanical injury, while MGF pretreatment promoted cells timely feedback the mechanically stimuli by inducing cellular stress. Additionally, MGF accelerated the ligament injury repair by promoting cell migration, decreasing the MMP-2 activity, and remitting the cell deformation via ATF-2 activating in cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that MGF pretreatment of OA-LFs can respond quickly to mechanical damage and repair ligament tissue by activating ATF-2. Therefore, MGF has potential as a therapeutic for OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- '111' Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yang Song
- '111' Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
| | - Linhao Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lili Dong
- '111' Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- '111' Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, USA. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Li Yang
- '111' Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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9
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MiR-199b represses porcine muscle satellite cells proliferation by targeting JAG1. Gene 2019; 691:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Rudar M, Fiorotto ML, Davis TA. Regulation of Muscle Growth in Early Postnatal Life in a Swine Model. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2018; 7:309-335. [PMID: 30388025 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle growth during the early postnatal period is rapid in the pig and dependent on the capacity of muscle to respond to anabolic and catabolic stimuli. Muscle mass is driven by the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. Among these processes, muscle protein synthesis in the piglet is exceptionally sensitive to the feeding-induced postprandial changes in insulin and amino acids, whereas muscle protein degradation is affected only during specific catabolic states. The developmental decline in the response of muscle to feeding is associated with changes in the signaling pathways located upstream and downstream of the mechanistic target of rapamycin protein complex. Additionally, muscle growth is supported by an accretion of nuclei derived from satellite cells. Activated satellite cells undergo proliferation, differentiation, and fusion with adjacent growing muscle fibers. Enhancing early muscle growth through modifying protein synthesis, degradation, and satellite cell activity is key to maximizing performance, productivity, and lifelong pig health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Rudar
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; , ,
| | - Marta L Fiorotto
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; , ,
| | - Teresa A Davis
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; , ,
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Song Y, Xu K, Yu C, Dong L, Chen P, Lv Y, Chiang MY, Li L, Liu W, Yang L. The use of mechano growth factor to prevent cartilage degeneration in knee osteoarthritis. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:738-749. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering CollegeChongqing University Chongqing China
- Biosystems and Biomaterials DivisionNational Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Kang Xu
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering CollegeChongqing University Chongqing China
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA USA
| | - Can Yu
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering CollegeChongqing University Chongqing China
| | - Lili Dong
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering CollegeChongqing University Chongqing China
| | - Peixing Chen
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering CollegeChongqing University Chongqing China
| | - Yonggang Lv
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering CollegeChongqing University Chongqing China
| | - Martin Y.M. Chiang
- Biosystems and Biomaterials DivisionNational Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Linhao Li
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering CollegeChongqing University Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang University Beijing China
| | - Wanqian Liu
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering CollegeChongqing University Chongqing China
| | - Li Yang
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering CollegeChongqing University Chongqing China
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12
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MiR-34c represses muscle development by forming a regulatory loop with Notch1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9346. [PMID: 28839212 PMCID: PMC5571228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Since pork accounts for about 40% of global meat consumption, the pig is an important economic animal for meat production. Pig is also a useful medical model for humans due to its similarity in size and physiology. Understanding the mechanism of muscle development has great implication for animal breeding and human health. Previous studies showed porcine muscle satellite cells (PSCs) are important for postnatal skeletal muscle growth, and Notch1 signaling pathway and miRNAs regulate the skeletal muscle development. Notch1 signal pathway regulates the transcription of certain types of miRNAs which further affects target gene expression. However, the specific relationship between Notch1 and miRNAs during muscle development has not been established. We found miR-34c is decreased in PSCs overexpressed N1ICD. Through the overexpression and inhibition of mi-34c, we demonstrated that miR-34c inhibits PSCs proliferation and promotes PSCs differentiation. Using dual-luciferase reporter assay and Chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate there is a reciprocal regulatory loop between Notch1 and miR-34c. Furthermore, injection of miR-34c lentivirus into mice caused repression of gastrocnemius muscle development. In summary, our data revealed that miR-34c can form a regulatory loop with Notch1 to repress muscle development, and this result expands our understanding of muscle development mechanism.
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Sha Y, Afandi R, Zhang B, Yang L, Lv Y. MGF E peptide pretreatment improves collagen synthesis and cell proliferation of injured human ACL fibroblasts via MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Growth Factors 2017; 35:29-38. [PMID: 28553731 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2017.1327856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Injured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is hard to heal due to the poor proliferative potential of ACL fibroblasts. To verify whether mechano-growth factor (MGF) E peptide can restore the cell proliferation of injured ACL fibroblasts, ACL fibroblasts pretreated with MGF E peptide were subjected to injurious stretch and the outcomes were evaluated at 0 and 24 h. After injured, the type III collagen synthesis was increased at 0 h while inhibited at 24 h. The matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity/expression was up-regulated, but the cell proliferation was inhibited. Fortunately, exogenous MGF E peptide decreased the type I/III collagen synthesis at 0 h but improved the type III collagen synthesis at 24 h. It decreased the MMP-2 activity/expression of injured ACL fibroblasts. Besides, MGF E peptide accelerated the cell proliferation via MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Our results implied that MGF E peptide pretreatment could provide a new efficient approach for ACL regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Sha
- a Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University , Chongqing , China and
- b Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University , Chongqing , China
| | - Ruli Afandi
- a Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University , Chongqing , China and
- b Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University , Chongqing , China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University , Chongqing , China and
- b Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University , Chongqing , China
| | - Li Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University , Chongqing , China and
- b Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yonggang Lv
- a Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University , Chongqing , China and
- b Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University , Chongqing , China
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14
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Martínez-Montes AM, Muiños-Bühl A, Fernández A, Folch JM, Ibáñez-Escriche N, Fernández AI. Deciphering the regulation of porcine genes influencing growth, fatness and yield-related traits through genetical genomics. Mamm Genome 2016; 28:130-142. [PMID: 27942838 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Genetical genomics approaches aim at identifying quantitative trait loci for molecular traits, also known as intermediate phenotypes, such as gene expression, that could link variation in genetic information to physiological traits. In the current study, an expression GWAS has been carried out on an experimental Iberian × Landrace backcross in order to identify the genomic regions regulating the gene expression of those genes whose expression is correlated with growth, fat deposition, and premium cut yield measures in pig. The analyses were conducted exploiting Porcine 60K SNP BeadChip genotypes and Porcine Expression Microarray data hybridized on mRNA from Longissimus dorsi muscle. In order to focus the analysis on productive traits and reduce the number of analyses, only those probesets whose expression showed significant correlation with at least one of the seven phenotypes of interest were selected for the eGWAS. A total of 63 eQTL regions were identified with effects on 36 different transcripts. Those eQTLs overlapping with phenotypic QTLs on SSC4, SSC9, SSC13, and SSC17 chromosomes previously detected in the same animal material were further analyzed. Moreover, candidate genes and SNPs were analyzed. Among the most promising results, a long non-coding RNA, ALDBSSCG0000001928, was identified, whose expression is correlated with premium cut yield. Association analysis and in silico sequence domain annotation support TXNRD3 polymorphisms as candidate to regulate ALDBSSCG0000001928 expression, which can be involved in the transcriptional regulation of surrounding genes, affecting productive and meat quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel M Martínez-Montes
- Departamento de Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Anixa Muiños-Bühl
- Departamento de Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Fernández
- Departamento de Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M Folch
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), Consorci CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Noelia Ibáñez-Escriche
- Departament de Genètica i Millora Animal, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ana I Fernández
- Departamento de Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Kravchenko IV, Furalyov VA, Chatziefthimiou S, Wilmanns M, Popov VO. Induction of insulin-like growth factor 1 splice forms by subfragments of myofibrillar proteins. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 399:69-77. [PMID: 25152160 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) mRNAs splice forms was recently shown to be stimulated by myofibrillar proteins released from the damaged muscle. In this study, we report that individual subfragments of titin and myomesin composed of Fn type III and Ig-like domains can activate expression of two IGF-1 splice forms in cultured myoblasts, both at protein and mRNA levels. Competition studies showed that each of the domain-types interacts with its own receptor. Induction of IGF-1 expression caused by domains of different types showed dissimilar sensitivity to inhibitors of regulatory cascades. The effect of Fn type III domains was more sensitive to inhibition of Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent protein kinase, whereas the effect of Ig-like domains showed greater sensitivity to the inhibition of the adenylyl cyclase-cAMP-PKA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Kravchenko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Furalyov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Spyros Chatziefthimiou
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, c/o DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wilmanns
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, c/o DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir O Popov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia; Kurchatov NBIC Centre, Russian National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Akademika Kurchatova sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia.
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16
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Shi R, Bai Y, Li S, Wei H, Zhang X, Li L, Tian XC, Jiang Q, Wang C, Qin L, Cai J, Zhang S. Characteristics of spermatogonial stem cells derived from neonatal porcine testis. Andrologia 2014; 47:765-78. [PMID: 25251288 DOI: 10.1111/and.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate and characterise porcine spermatogonial stem cells (PSSCs). The putative porcine germline stem cells from testis were isolated successfully by an improving way of enrichment with lymphocyte separation medium (LSM). Results from RT-PCR analyses showed that PSSCs were positive for OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, PGP9.5, c-MYC, KEL4 and PRDM-14 which are multipotent stem cell markers. At the protein level, the results of immunofluorescence analyses showed that PSSCs were positive for OCT4, PGP9.5, SOX2 and CD29. We successfully differentiated these PSSCs into adipocytes and muscle cells and then defined their characteristics, including morphology, surface stem cell markers, and mechanical properties. But the experiment of teratoma formation was negative. The results indicated the PSSCs could be multipotent. Atomic force microscopy was used to characterise the morphological and mechanical properties of undifferentiated PSSCs, as well as the differentiated adipocytes and muscle cells, which could be potentially useful for distinguishing PSSCs from differentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Y Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Li
- Life Science and Technology College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,South-China Primate Research and Development Center, Guangdong Entomological Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X C Tian
- Department of Animal Science/Center for Regenerative Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Q Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Cai
- Life Science and Technology College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Philippou A, Maridaki M, Pneumaticos S, Koutsilieris M. The complexity of the IGF1 gene splicing, posttranslational modification and bioactivity. Mol Med 2014; 20:202-14. [PMID: 24637928 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulinlike growth factor-I (IGF-I) is an important factor which regulates a variety of cellular responses in multiple biological systems. The IGF1 gene comprises a highly conserved sequence and contains six exons, which give rise to heterogeneous mRNA transcripts by a combination of multiple transcription initiation sites and alternative splicing. These multiple transcripts code for different precursor IGF-I polypeptides, namely the IGF-IEa, IGF-IEb and IGF-IEc isoforms in humans, which also undergo posttranslational modifications, such as proteolytic processing and glycosylation. IGF-I actions are mediated through its binding to several cell-membrane receptors and the IGF-I domain responsible for the receptor binding is the bioactive mature IGF-I peptide, which is derived after the posttranslational cleavage of the pro-IGF-I isoforms and the removal of their carboxy-terminal E-peptides (that is, the Ea, Eb and Ec). Interestingly, differential biological activities have been reported for the different IGF-I isoforms, or for their E-peptides, implying that IGF-I peptides other than the IGF-I ligand also possess bioactivity and, thus, both common and unique or complementary pathways exist for the IGF-I isoforms to promote biological effects. The multiple peptides derived from IGF-I and the differential expression of its various transcripts in different conditions and pathologies appear to be compatible with the distinct cellular responses observed to the different IGF-I peptides and with the concept of a complex and possibly isoform-specific IGF-I bioactivity. This concept is discussed in the present review, in the context of the broad range of modifications that this growth factor undergoes which might regulate its mechanism(s) of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Maridaki
- Department of Sports Medicine and Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Pneumaticos
- Third Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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18
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Fornaro M, Hinken AC, Needle S, Hu E, Trendelenburg AU, Mayer A, Rosenstiel A, Chang C, Meier V, Billin AN, Becherer JD, Brace AD, Evans WJ, Glass DJ, Russell AJ. Mechano-growth factor peptide, the COOH terminus of unprocessed insulin-like growth factor 1, has no apparent effect on myoblasts or primary muscle stem cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E150-6. [PMID: 24253050 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00408.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A splice form of IGF-1, IGF-1Eb, is upregulated after exercise or injury. Physiological responses have been ascribed to the 24-amino acid COOH-terminal peptide that is cleaved from the NH3-terminal 70-amino acid mature IGF-1 protein. This COOH-terminal peptide was termed "mechano-growth factor" (MGF). Activities claimed for the MGF peptide included enhancing muscle satellite cell proliferation and delaying myoblast fusion. As such, MGF could represent a promising strategy to improve muscle regeneration. Thus, at our two pharmaceutical companies, we attempted to reproduce the claimed effect of MGF peptides on human and mouse muscle myoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro. Concentrations of peptide up to 500 ng/ml failed to increase the proliferation of C2C12 cells or primary human skeletal muscle myoblasts. In contrast, all cell types exhibited a proliferative response to mature IGF-1 or full-length IGF-1Eb. MGF also failed to inhibit the differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes. To address whether the response to MGF was lost in these tissue culture lines, we measured proliferation and differentiation of primary mouse skeletal muscle stem cells exposed to MGF. This, too, failed to demonstrate a significant effect. Finally, we tested whether MGF could alter a separate documented in vitro effect of the peptide, activation of p-ERK, but not p-Akt, in cardiac myocytes. Although a robust response to IGF-1 was observed, there were no demonstrated activating responses from the native or a stabilized MGF peptide. These results call in to question whether there is a physiological role for MGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Fornaro
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Zabłocka B, Goldspink PH, Goldspink G, Górecki DC. Mechano-Growth Factor: an important cog or a loose screw in the repair machinery? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:131. [PMID: 23125840 PMCID: PMC3485521 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zabłocka
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PASWarsaw, Poland
| | - Paul H. Goldspink
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of WisconsinWI, USA
| | - Geoffrey Goldspink
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Surgery and Interventional Medicine, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Dariusz C. Górecki
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of PortsmouthPortsmouth, UK
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