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Cui J, Lin L, Hao F, Shi Z, Gao Y, Yang T, Yang C, Wu X, Gao R, Ru Y, Li F, Xiao C, Gao Y, Wang Y. Comprehensive review of the traditional uses and the potential benefits of epimedium folium. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1415265. [PMID: 39323630 PMCID: PMC11422139 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1415265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Epimedium Folium has been extensively utilized for medicinal purposes in China for a significant period. This review undertakes a comprehensive examination of literature pertaining to Epimedium and its metabolites over the past decade, drawing from databases such as PubMed. Through meticulous organization and synthesis of pertinent research findings, including disease models, pharmacological effects, and related aspects, this narrative review sheds light on the principal pharmacological activities and associated mechanisms of Epimedium in safeguarding the reproductive system, promoting bone health, mitigating inflammation, and combating tumors and viral infections. Consequently, this review contributes to a more profound comprehension of the recent advances in Epimedium research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Cui
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Feiran Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yehui Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjun Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Rong Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengrong Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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Damiati LA, El Soury M. Bone-nerve crosstalk: a new state for neuralizing bone tissue engineering-A mini review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1386683. [PMID: 38690172 PMCID: PMC11059066 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1386683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuro bone tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that combines both principles of neurobiology and bone tissue engineering to develop innovative strategies for repairing and regenerating injured bone tissues. Despite the fact that regeneration and development are considered two distinct biological processes, yet regeneration can be considered the reactivation of development in later life stages to restore missing tissues. It is noteworthy that the regeneration capabilities are distinct and vary from one organism to another (teleost fishes, hydra, humans), or even in the same organism can vary dependent on the injured tissue itself (Human central nervous system vs. peripheral nervous system). The skeletal tissue is highly innervated, peripheral nervous system plays a role in conveying the signals and connecting the central nervous system with the peripheral organs, moreover it has been shown that they play an important role in tissue regeneration. Their regeneration role is conveyed by the different cells' resident in it and in its endoneurium (fibroblasts, microphages, vasculature associated cells, and Schwann cells) these cells secrete various growth factors (NGF, BDNF, GDNF, NT-3, and bFGF) that contribute to the regenerative phenotype. The peripheral nervous system and central nervous system synchronize together in regulating bone homeostasis and regeneration through neurogenic factors and neural circuits. Receptors of important central nervous system peptides such as Serotonin, Leptin, Semaphorins, and BDNF are expressed in bone tissue playing a role in bone homeostasis, metabolism and regeneration. This review will highlight the crosstalk between peripheral nerves and bone in the developmental stages as well as in regeneration and different neuro-bone tissue engineering strategies for repairing severe bone injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila A. Damiati
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa El Soury
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
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Yao M, Liang S, Zeng Y, Peng F, Zhao X, Du C, Ma X, Huang H, Wang D, Zhang Y. Dual Factor-Loaded Artificial Periosteum Accelerates Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2200-2211. [PMID: 38447138 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
In the clinic, inactivation of osteosarcoma using microwave ablation would damage the periosteum, resulting in frequent postoperative complications. Therefore, the development of an artificial periosteum is crucial for postoperative healing. In this study, we prepared an artificial periosteum using silk fibroin (SF) loaded with stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to accelerate bone remodeling after the microwave ablation of osteosarcoma. The prepared artificial periosteum showed a sustained release of SDF-1α and CGRP after 14 days of immersion. In vitro culture of rat periosteal stem cells (rPDSCs) demonstrated that the artificial periosteum is favorable for cell recruitment, the activity of alkaline phosphatase, and bone-related gene expression. Furthermore, the artificial periosteum improved the tube formation and angiogenesis-related gene expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In an animal study, the periosteum in the femur of a rabbit was inactivated through microwave ablation and then removed. The damaged periosteum was replaced with the as-prepared artificial periosteum and favored bone regeneration. In all, the designed dual-factor-loaded artificial periosteum is a promising strategy to replace the damaged periosteum in the therapy of osteosarcoma for a better bone-rebuilding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Functional Repair of Bone Defects and Biomaterials, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shengjie Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Energy Storage Materials and Processes, Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yanyan Zeng
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Rehabilitation (Intensive Rehabilitation Center), Southern Theater Command General Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Functional Repair of Bone Defects and Biomaterials, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Chang Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xiaohan Ma
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, U.K
| | - Huai Huang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Rehabilitation (Intensive Rehabilitation Center), Southern Theater Command General Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Smart Theranostics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Functional Repair of Bone Defects and Biomaterials, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Dayanandan AP, Cho WJ, Kang H, Bello AB, Kim BJ, Arai Y, Lee SH. Emerging nano-scale delivery systems for the treatment of osteoporosis. Biomater Res 2023; 27:68. [PMID: 37443121 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a pathological condition characterized by an accelerated bone resorption rate, resulting in decreased bone density and increased susceptibility to fractures, particularly among the elderly population. While conventional treatments for osteoporosis have shown efficacy, they are associated with certain limitations, including limited drug bioavailability, non-specific administration, and the occurrence of adverse effects. In recent years, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising approach for managing osteoporosis. Nanoparticles possess unique physicochemical properties, such as a small size, large surface area-to-volume ratio, and tunable surface characteristics, which enable them to overcome the limitations of conventional therapies. These nanoparticles offer several advantages, including enhanced drug stability, controlled release kinetics, targeted bone tissue delivery, and improved drug bioavailability. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights into the recent advancements in nanoparticle-based therapy for osteoporosis. It elucidates the various types of nanoparticles employed in this context, including silica, polymeric, solid lipid, and metallic nanoparticles, along with their specific processing techniques and inherent properties that render them suitable as potential drug carriers for osteoporosis treatment. Furthermore, this review discusses the challenges and future suggestions associated with the development and translation of nanoparticle drug delivery systems for clinical use. These challenges encompass issues such as scalability, safety assessment, and regulatory considerations. However, despite these challenges, the utilization of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems holds immense promise in revolutionizing the field of osteoporosis management by enabling more effective and targeted therapies, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woong Jin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Alvin Bacero Bello
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yoshie Arai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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Wang Q, Qin H, Deng J, Xu H, Liu S, Weng J, Zeng H. Research Progress in Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Bone Repair. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050838. [PMID: 37238709 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has 37 amino acids. Initially, CGRP had vasodilatory and nociceptive effects. As research progressed, evidence revealed that the peripheral nervous system is closely associated with bone metabolism, osteogenesis, and bone remodeling. Thus, CGRP is the bridge between the nervous system and the skeletal muscle system. CGRP can promote osteogenesis, inhibit bone resorption, promote vascular growth, and regulate the immune microenvironment. The G protein-coupled pathway is vital for its effects, while MAPK, Hippo, NF-κB, and other pathways have signal crosstalk, affecting cell proliferation and differentiation. The current review provides a detailed description of the bone repair effects of CGRP, subjected to several therapeutic studies, such as drug injection, gene editing, and novel bone repair materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichang Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Haotian Qin
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jiapeng Deng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Su Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jian Weng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Shenzhen 518036, China
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Assefa F. The role of sensory and sympathetic nerves in craniofacial bone regeneration. Neuropeptides 2023; 99:102328. [PMID: 36827755 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple factors regulate the regeneration of craniofacial bone defects. The nervous system is recognized as one of the critical regulators of bone mass, thereby suggesting a role for neuronal pathways in bone regeneration. However, in the context of craniofacial bone regeneration, little is known about the interplay between the nervous system and craniofacial bone. Sensory and sympathetic nerves interact with the bone through their neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, proteins, peptides, and amino acid derivates. The neuron-derived factors, such as semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), possess a remarkable role in craniofacial regeneration. This review summarizes the roles of these factors and recently published factors such as secretoneurin (SN) and spexin (SPX) in the osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, bone metabolism, growth, remodeling and discusses the novel application of nerve-based craniofacial bone regeneration. Moreover, the review will facilitate understanding the mechanism of action and provide potential treatment direction for the craniofacial bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freshet Assefa
- Department of Biochemistry, Collage of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
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Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Is Potential Therapeutic Target OF Osteoporosis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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The Nervous System as a Regulator of Cancer Hallmarks: Insights into Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184372. [PMID: 36139532 PMCID: PMC9496837 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The nervous system communicates with the whole organism, regulating several physiological pathways. The modification of nerve activity could deregulate the state of cellular and tissue homeostasis which could drive cancer development. This paper provides the current state of knowledge, in an evidence-oriented manner, that the nervous system is able to participate in the carcinogenesis process by inducing biochemical, physiological, and cellular modifications involved in the hallmarks of cancer. Abstract The involvement of the nervous system in the development of cancer is controversial. Several authors have shown opinions and conflicting evidence that support the early effect of the nervous system on the carcinogenic process. For about a century, research has not been enough, questions remain open, ideas are not discarded, and although more research is still needed to answer all the questions, there is now enough evidence to support the theories and give hope of finding one more possible form of treatment. It is clear that malignant neoplasms have endogenous characteristics that allow them to establish and progress. Some of these characteristics known as hallmarks of cancer, are damage mechanisms in the pathology but necessary during other physiological processes which show some nerve dependence. The nervous system communicates with the whole organism, regulating physiological processes necessary to respond to external stimuli and for the maintenance of homeostasis. The modification of nerve activity could generate an overload and deregulate the state of cellular and tissue homeostasis; this could drive cancer development. In this review, we will address the issue in an evidence-oriented manner that supports that the nervous system is able to participate in the initial and progressive process of carcinogenesis by inducing biochemical, physiological, and cellular modifications involved in the hallmarks of cancer.
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Li L, Huang Y, Qin J, Honiball JR, Wen D, Xie X, Shi Z, Cui X, Li B. Development of a borosilicate bioactive glass scaffold incorporating calcitonin gene-related peptide for tissue engineering. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 138:212949. [PMID: 35913241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein delivery and release from synthetic scaffold materials are major challenges within the field of bone tissue engineering. In this study, 13-93B1.5 borosilicate bioactive glass (BSG) base paste was 3D printed to produce BSG-based scaffolds with high porosity (59.85 ± 6.04%) and large pore sizes (350-400 μm) for functionalization with a sodium alginate (SA)/calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) hydrogel mixture. SA/CGRP hydrogel was uniformly filled into the interconnected pores of 3D printed BSG constructs to produce BSG-SA/CGRP scaffolds which were subject to bioactivity and biocompatibility analysis. BSG scaffolds filled with SA hydrogel underwent dissolution in simulated body fluid (SBF), resulting in the precipitation of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the borosilicate glass evidenced by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Around 90% of CGRP was released from scaffolds after 7 days of immersion in SBF, reaching a final released concentration of 893.00 ± 63.30 ng/mL. Cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) cultured with BSG-SA/CGRP scaffolds revealed improved biocompatibility and osteogenic capabilities compared with BSG-SA scaffolds in the absence of CGRP. When subcutaneously implanted in rat models, BSG-SA/CGRP scaffolds induced low localized inflammation without causing bodily harm in vivo. Findings revealed that bioactive glass scaffolds incorporating CGRP met the scaffold requirements for bone regeneration and that the addition of CGRP promoted osteogenic differentiation where it may potentially be utilized for future regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou 545000, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yonghua Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou 545000, PR China
| | - Jianguo Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou 545000, PR China
| | - John Robert Honiball
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Dingfu Wen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou 545000, PR China
| | - Xiangtao Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou 545000, PR China
| | - Zhanying Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Liuzhou Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou 545026, PR China.
| | - Xu Cui
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou 545000, PR China.
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PLGA Containing Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Accelerates the Repair of Alveolar Bone Defects via Transfer of CGRP. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4815284. [PMID: 35726333 PMCID: PMC9206573 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4815284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is an important neuropeptide expressed in the nerve fibers during bone repair. Here, we aimed to pinpoint the role of CGRP in the osteogenic differentiation property of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and the resultant repair of alveolar bone defect. The key factor related to the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs was retrieved from the GEO database. After extraction from hADSCs (hADSC-EVs) and identification, EVs were subjected to coculture with hPDLSCs, in which the expression patterns of CGRP and osteogenic differentiation marker proteins (ALP, RUNX2, and OCN), as well as ALP activity, were detected. A novel cell-free tissue-engineered bone (TEB) comprised of PLGA/pDA and hADSC-EVs was implanted into the rats with alveolar bone defects to evaluate the repair of alveolar bone defects. CGRP was enriched in hADSC-EVs. hADSCs delivered CGRP to hPDLSCs through EVs, thereby promoting the osteogenic differentiation potential of hPDLSCs. The PLGA/pDA-EV scaffold released EVs slowly, and its implantation into the rat alveolar bone defect area significantly induced bone defect repair, which was reversed by further knockdown of CGRP. In conclusion, our newly discovered cell-free system consisted of hADSC-EVs, and PLGA/pDA scaffold shows promising function in repairing alveolar bone defects.
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Camacho-Alonso F, Tudela-Mulero MR, Buendía AJ, Navarro JA, Pérez-Sayáns M, Mercado-Díaz AM. Bone regeneration in critical-sized mandibular symphysis defects using bioceramics with or without bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in healthy, diabetic, osteoporotic, and diabetic-osteoporotic rats. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1283-1300. [PMID: 35717229 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare new bone formation in mandibular critical-sized bone defects (CSBDs) in healthy, diabetic, osteoporotic, and diabetic-osteoporotic rats filled with bioceramics (BCs) with or without bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS A total of 64 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups (n = 16 per group): Group 1 healthy, Group 2 diabetic, Group 3 osteoporotic, and Group 4 diabetic-osteoporotic rats. Streptozotocin was used to induce type 1 diabetes in Group 2 and 4, while bilateral ovariectomy was used to induce osteoporosis in Group 3 and 4. The central portion of the rat mandibular symphysis was used as a physiological CSBD. In each group, eight defects were filled with BC (hydroxypatatite 60% and β-tricalcium phosphate 40%) alone and eight with BMSCs cultured on BC. The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks, and the mandibles were processed for micro-computed tomography to analyze radiological union and bone mineral density (BMD); histological analysis of the bone union; and immunohistochemical analysis, which included immunoreactivity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). RESULTS In all groups (healthy, diabetics, osteoporotics, and diabetics-osteoporotics), the CSBDs filled with BC + BMSCs showed greater radiological bone union, BMD, histological bone union, and more VEGF and BMP-2 positivity, in comparison with CSBDs treated with BC alone (at 4 and 8 weeks). CONCLUSIONS Application of BMSCs cultured on BCs improves bone regeneration in CSBDs compared with application of BCs alone in healthy, diabetic, osteoporotic, and diabetic-osteoporotic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Camacho-Alonso
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - A J Buendía
- Department of Histology and Pathological Anatomy, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J A Navarro
- Department of Histology and Pathological Anatomy, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Pérez-Sayáns
- Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. MedOralRes Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS). Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Chen Z, Zhang W, Wang M, Backman LJ, Chen J. Effects of Zinc, Magnesium, and Iron Ions on Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2321-2335. [PMID: 35638755 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Large-sized bone defects are a great challenge in clinics and considerably impair the quality of patients' daily life. Tissue engineering strategies using cells, scaffolds, and bioactive molecules to regulate the microenvironment in bone regeneration is a promising approach. Zinc, magnesium, and iron ions are natural elements in bone tissue and participate in many physiological processes of bone metabolism and therefore have great potential for bone tissue engineering and regeneration. In this review, we performed a systematic analysis on the effects of zinc, magnesium, and iron ions in bone tissue engineering. We focus on the role of these ions in properties of scaffolds (mechanical strength, degradation, osteogenesis, antibacterial properties, etc.). We hope that our summary of the current research achievements and our notifications of potential strategies to improve the effects of zinc, magnesium, and iron ions in scaffolds for bone repair and regeneration will find new inspiration and breakthroughs to inspire future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Ludvig J Backman
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jialin Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
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Rajpar I, Tomlinson RE. Function of peripheral nerves in the development and healing of tendon and bone. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 123:48-56. [PMID: 33994302 PMCID: PMC8589913 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although the functions of the peripheral nervous system in whole body homeostasis and sensation have been understood for many years, recent investigation has uncovered new roles for innervation in the musculoskeletal system. This review centers on advances regarding the function of nerves in the development and repair of two connected tissues: tendon and bone. Innervation in healthy tendons is generally confined to the tendon sheaths, and tendon-bone attachment units are typically aneural. In contrast to tendon, bone is an innervated and vascularized structure. Historically, the function of abundant peripheral nerves in bone has been limited to pain and some non-painful sensory perception in disease and injury. Indeed, much of our understanding of peripheral nerves in tendons, bones, and entheses is limited to the source and type of innervation in healthy and injured tissues. However, more recent studies have made important observations regarding the appearance, type, and innervation patterns of nerves during embryonic and postnatal development and in response to injury, which suggest a more expansive role for peripheral nerves in the formation of musculoskeletal tissues. Indeed, tendons and bones develop in a close spatiotemporal relationship in the embryonic mesoderm. Models of limb denervation have shed light on the importance of sensory innervation in bone and to a lesser extent, tendon development, and more recent work has unraveled key nerve signaling pathways. Furthermore, loss of sensory innervation also impairs healing of bone fractures and may contribute to chronic tendinopathy. However, more study is required to translate our knowledge of peripheral nerves to therapeutic strategies to combat bone and tendon diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtesam Rajpar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan E Tomlinson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Jiang Y, Xin N, Xiong Y, Guo Y, Yuan Y, Zhang Q, Gong P. αCGRP Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221107636. [PMID: 35758252 PMCID: PMC9247368 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221107636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As a typical neuropeptide richly distributed in central and peripheral nervous
systems, α-calcitonin-gene-related peptide (αCGRP) has recently been found to
play a crucial role in bone development and metabolism, but the mechanisms
involved are not fully uncovered. Here, this study aimed to investigate the
effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of αCGRP in regulating the
osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Using
microarray technology, gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and
genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that osteogenic properties of BMSCs were
facilitated and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was
upregulated by αCGRP in this process. Through western blot assay, we proved that
αCGRP led to an increased phosphorylation level of extracellular
signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK signaling cascades in a
time-dependent manner. And αCGRP could promote differentiative capacity of
BMSCs, showing upregulated mRNA and protein expression level of alkaline
phosphatase (Alp), collagen type 1 (Col-1), osteopontin (Opn), and runt-related
transcription factor 2 (Runx2), as well as increased ALP activity and calcified
nodules. The addition of ERK1/2 or p38 MAPK inhibitor—U0126 or SB203580,
resulted in an impaired osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Besides,
inactivation of this signal transduction had negative impacts on proliferative
activity and apoptotic process of αCGRP-mediated BMSCs. Our findings
demonstrated that MAPK signaling pathway, at least in part, was responsible for
the enhanced BMSCs’ osteogenesis induced by αCGRP, which might offer us
promising strategies for bone-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Jinjiang Out-Patient Section, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Hou C, Wang X, Jiang W, Bian Z, Zhu L, Li M. Peptide 11R‑VIVIT promotes fracture healing in osteoporotic rats. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:162. [PMID: 34278442 PMCID: PMC8262658 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporotic fracture healing is a complex clinical issue. The present study was conducted to investigate the repair properties of 11R‑VIVIT on osteoporotic fractures and to examine the potential effects of 11R‑VIVIT on osteoporotic bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), A rat model of osteoporotic femoral fracture was established, and the effects of the daily local injection of 11R‑VIVIT or saline on fracture repairing were evaluated by micro‑CT scans and H&E staining. Moreover, BMSCs from osteoporotic rats were treated with 11R‑VIVIT, and the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs was evaluated. The results revealed that 11R‑VIVIT promoted bone formation and increased fracture healing. In addition, 11R‑VIVIT promoted the differentiation of osteoporotic BMSCs into osteoblasts rather than adipocytes. Furthermore, mechanistic analysis revealed that 11R‑VIVIT promoted autophagy by blocking the protein kinase B (AKT)/nuclear factor of activated T‑cells (NFATc1) signaling pathway. Consistently, the activation and inhibition of autophagy using rapamycin and LY294002 confirmed the regulatory effects of 11R‑VIVIT on autophagy. On the whole, the findings of the present study demonstrate that 11R‑VIVIT promotes fracture healing in osteoporotic rats and enhances the osteogenic differentiation of osteoporotic BMSCs by dysregulating the AKT/NFATc1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changju Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Wu Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Bian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Liulong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Maoqiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Li H, Qu J, Zhu H, Wang J, He H, Xie X, Wu R, Lu Q. CGRP Regulates the Age-Related Switch Between Osteoblast and Adipocyte Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675503. [PMID: 34124062 PMCID: PMC8187789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a chronic age-related disease. During aging, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) display increased adipogenic, along with decreased osteogenic, differentiation capacity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of BMSC-derived osteoblasts. Here, we found that the level of CGRP was markedly lower in bone marrow supernatant from aged mice compared with that in young mice. In vitro experiments indicated that CGRP promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs while inhibiting their adipogenic differentiation. Compared with vehicle-treated controls, aged mice treated with CGRP showed a substantial promotion of bone formation and a reduction in fat accumulation in the bone marrow. Similarly, we found that CGRP could significantly enhance bone formation in ovariectomized (OVX) mice in vivo. Together, our results suggested that CGRP may be a key regulator of the age-related switch between osteogenesis and adipogenesis in BMSCs and may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of age-related bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haihong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyan Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ren Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Liu H, Yi X, Tu S, Cheng C, Luo J. Kaempferol promotes BMSC osteogenic differentiation and improves osteoporosis by downregulating miR-10a-3p and upregulating CXCL12. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 520:111074. [PMID: 33157164 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaempferol has improved the functions of various human diseases. Here, we aimed to probe into the potential molecular mechanism of Kaempferol to ameliorate osteoporosis. METHODS Micro-computed tomography scanning was applied to assess the bone density of osteoporosis rats induced by ovariectomized. Quantitative real-time PCR was applied to detect the expressions of RUNX2, Osterix, CXCL12, and miR-10a-3p. Western blot, Alizarin red staining, Alkaline Phosphatase Diethanolamine Activity Kit were applied to confirm the in vitro functions of Kaempferol. RNA Immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter gene experiments were applied to study the potential mechanism. RESULTS The treatment of Kaempferol raised bone density in osteoporosis rats induced by ovariectomized, and boosted the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and raised the expressions of RUNX2, Osterix, and CXCL12, and lessened miR-10a-3p. From the potential mechanism analysis, we corroborated that miR-10a-3p and CXCL12 bound to each other, and Kaempferol boosted BMSC osteogenic differentiation and ameliorated osteoporosis by lessening miR-10a-3p and raising CXCL12. CONCLUSION Our data expounded that Kaempferol boosted BMSC osteogenic differentiation and ameliorated osteoporosis by lessening miR-10a-3p and raising CXCL12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Medical College of Yichun Vocational and Technical College, Yichun, China
| | - ShuTing Tu
- College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Abstract
Introduction: Cluster headache [CH] is a severely disabling trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia [TAC]. Approximately 1 in 1,000 adults are affected by CH. Calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP] is an important mediator in the pathophysiology of CH. Galcanezumab is a monoclonal antibody with an affinity for the CGRP peptide, FDA approved for the prevention of episodic CH. Areas covered: Search words queried were 'cluster headache,' 'cluster headache, and CGRP,' 'cluster headache, and galcanezumab.' Over 99 articles in Pubmed and prescribing information for galcanezumab were reviewed. Some of the data pertaining to CH trials with fremanezumab were reviewed using clinical trials.org. Expert opinion: Galcanezumab has shown benefit in decreasing the weekly frequency of CH attacks across week 1 through week 3 in patients with CH; 8.7 attacks in the galcanezumab group, as compared with 5.2 in the placebo group (95% confidence interval, 0.2 to 6.7; P = 0.04). It has a favorable risk-benefit ratio. The prevention of CH with CGRP inhibition represents a novel advance for a condition with a significant unmet need. The negative trial results of galcanezumab for chronic cluster headache [CCH] may be due to the refractory nature and sheds light on the critical need to investigate the underlying biology and therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharani Mudugal
- Department of Neurology, Creighton University Medical Center , Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Teshamae S Monteith
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami School of Medicine , Miami, FL, USA
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19
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Guo Y, Chen H, Jiang Y, Yuan Y, Zhang Q, Guo Q, Gong P. CGRP regulates the dysfunction of peri-implant angiogenesis and osseointegration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Bone 2020; 139:115464. [PMID: 32504826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic systematic disease which results in neuropathy and dysfunctional bone metabolism and microcirculation. Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) is an important neuropeptide that is involved in bone formation and vascular response. This study aimed to elucidate the role of CGRP in diabetic peri-implant angiogenesis and osteogenesis, which is yet to be reported. In vivo, we injected streptozotocin into SD rats to establish an experimental diabetes model. We then implanted 1 mm × 5 mm Ti implants into rat tibiae and injected lentivirus into the bone marrow cavity to overexpress or silence the peri-implant CGRP expression. We also applied overexpression lentivirus and silencing short hair RNA (shRNA) in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to investigate the biological effects of CGRP in vitro. Through the investigation of diabetic neurons, blood, and peri-implant bone, we could observe that diabetes led to decreased synthesis and expression of CGRP, and high CGRP expression were only seen in peri-implant tissues in the early-to-middle phase of diabetic bone integration. Microfil perfusion followed by micro-CT analysis showed that the overexpression of CGRP enhanced peri-implant angiogenesis via increased vessel volume and thickness. Regarding osteogenesis, CGRP was found to improve the impaired osseointegration, as observed through micro-CT reconstruction and H&E staining. Similarly, overCGRP alleviated the hyperglycemia-triggered decrease in mineralization, and rescued ALP activity and the mRNA and protein expression of VEGF-A, ALP, and OPN. CGRP also attenuated the high glucose-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results demonstrate the potential promotive role of CGRP in early-to-middle phase of osseointegration, as CGRP could regulate the diabetes-induced dysfunctions in peri-implant angiogenesis and osseointegration. Our study provides a new insight into the diabetic peri-implant vasculature and the potential positive effect of CGRP on diabetic peri-implant vessels and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Jinjiang out-patient section, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huilu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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The emerging roles of circular RNAs in regulating the fate of stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:231-246. [PMID: 32918186 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03900-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs(circRNAs) are a large family of RNAs shaping covalently closed ring-like molecules and have become a hotspot with thousands of newly published studies. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells and have great potential in medical treatment due to their self-renewal ability and differentiation capacity. Abundant researches have unveiled that circRNAs have unique expression profile during the differentiation of stem cells and could serve as promising biomarkers of these cells. There are key circRNAs relevant to the differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of stem cells with certain mechanisms such as sponging miRNAs, interacting with proteins, and interfering mRNA translation. Moreover, several circRNAs have joined in the interplay between stem cells and lymphocytes. Our review will shed lights on the emerging roles of circRNAs in regulating the fate of diverse stem cells.
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Menger MM, Laschke MW, Orth M, Pohlemann T, Menger MD, Histing T. Vascularization Strategies in the Prevention of Nonunion Formation. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:107-132. [PMID: 32635857 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Delayed healing and nonunion formation are major challenges in orthopedic surgery, which require the development of novel treatment strategies. Vascularization is considered one of the major prerequisites for successful bone healing, providing an adequate nutrient supply and allowing the infiltration of progenitor cells to the fracture site. Hence, during the last decade, a considerable number of studies have focused on the evaluation of vascularization strategies to prevent or to treat nonunion formation. These involve (1) biophysical applications, (2) systemic pharmacological interventions, and (3) tissue engineering, including sophisticated scaffold materials, local growth factor delivery systems, cell-based techniques, and surgical vascularization approaches. Accumulating evidence indicates that in nonunions, these strategies are indeed capable of improving the process of bone healing. The major challenge for the future will now be the translation of these strategies into clinical practice to make them accessible for the majority of patients. If this succeeds, these vascularization strategies may markedly reduce the incidence of nonunion formation. Impact statement Delayed healing and nonunion formation are a major clinical problem in orthopedic surgery. This review provides an overview of vascularization strategies for the prevention and treatment of nonunions. The successful translation of these strategies in clinical practice is of major importance to achieve adequate bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian M Menger
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Orth
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tim Pohlemann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tina Histing
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Niedermair T, Schirner S, Lasheras MG, Straub RH, Grässel S. Absence of α-calcitonin gene-related peptide modulates bone remodeling properties of murine osteoblasts and osteoclasts in an age-dependent way. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 189:111265. [PMID: 32446790 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mice with an overall deletion of the sensory neuropeptide α-calcitonin gene-related peptide (α-CGRP) develop an age-dependent osteopenic bone phenotype. Underlying molecular mechanisms of how αCGRP affects bone cell metabolism are not well understood. This study aims to characterize differences in metabolic parameters of osteoblast-like cells (OB) and differentiated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM)/osteoclast (OC) cultures isolated from 3 month (3 m) and 9 month old (9 m) α-CGRP-deficient mice (-/-) and age-matched WT controls. All WT bone cell cultures endogenously produced and secreted α-CGRP. We found higher BMM but reduced OB numbers and reduced OB vitality after isolation from 9 m compared to 3 m mice, independent of genotype. Absence of α-CGRP reduced cell spreading, increased apoptosis rate throughout osteogenic differentiation, and reduced ALP activity during late osteogenic differentiation in 9 m OB-/- cultures, whereas minor effects were found in 3 m OB-/- cultures. Cathepsin K activity was reduced in 3 m OC-/- cultures. On the contrary, 9 m OC-/- cells demonstrated increased proliferation and caspase3/7 activity. The absence of α-CGRP influenced bone formation and resorption rate differently in bone cells from 3 and 9 m old mice. In summary we suggest, that an increase of dysfunctional mature osteoblasts might occur during aging and contribute to the development of the osteopenic bone phenotype in mature adult (9 m) α-CGRP-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Niedermair
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB/Biopark 1), University of Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Stephan Schirner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB/Biopark 1), University of Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Mar Guaza Lasheras
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB/Biopark 1), University of Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Rainer H Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB/Biopark 1), University of Regensburg, Germany.
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Michot B, Casey SM, Gibbs JL. Effects of Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide on Dental Pulp Stem Cell Viability, Proliferation, and Differentiation. J Endod 2020; 46:950-956. [PMID: 32387076 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulpitis is an inflammation of dental pulp caused by bacterial proliferation near or within pulpal tissues. In advanced stages, when the inflammation is associated with pulp necrosis, pulp preservation is dependent on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) that can differentiate into odontoblastlike cells and produce reparative dentin. In this study, we evaluated the influence of sensory neurons through calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on DPSC viability and proliferation and the ability of DPSCs to differentiate into mineralizing cells. METHODS Commercially available DPSCs were treated with varying doses of CGRP, and metabolic activity, viability, proliferation, and cell death were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assays, trypan blue staining, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine cell proliferation assay, and caspase-3 staining, respectively. DPSC differentiation was assessed with alizarin red staining and by quantifying messenger RNA expression of odontoblast makers. RESULTS CGRP induced a dose-dependent decrease of DPSC metabolic activity that was prevented by the CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP 8-37. The decrease in the proportion of live cells induced by CGRP is associated with a decrease of cell proliferation but not with caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Interestingly, dexamethasone-induced DPSC differentiation into mineralizing cells was neither inhibited nor enhanced by CGRP treatment. CONCLUSIONS The neuropeptide CGRP has an inhibitory effect on DPSC proliferation but does not enhance or inhibit the differentiation of DPSCs into mineralizing cells. This suggests that CGRP might negatively influence the ability of DPSCs to contribute to regenerative or tissue repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Michot
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York.
| | - Sharon M Casey
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer L Gibbs
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
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Jiang Y, Yuan Y, Xiong Y, Wang B, Guo Y, Gong P, Zhang L. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound improves osseointegration of dental implant in mice by inducing local neuronal production of αCGRP. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 115:104736. [PMID: 32371135 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the effect of Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on implant osseointegration and elucidate the role of α-calcitonin gene-related peptide (αCGRP) in this process. DESIGN In vivo, αCGRP+/+ (Wild-type model) mice and αCGRP-/- (Knock-out model) mice with implants immediately placed in the maxillary first molars extraction sockets were treated with LIPUS. We detected details of peri-implant bone tissues by micro-CT, real-time PCR and histological analysis. In vitro, αCGRP+/+ and αCGRP-/- dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons were cultured and exposed to LIPUS. Then conditioned media from these neurons were collected and added to osteoblasts to analyze cell differentiation, mineralization and proliferation by real-time PCR, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Besides, ELISA was performed to determine the effect of LIPUS on the αCGRP secretion in neurons. RESULTS In vivo tests revealed that αCGRP-/- mice displayed worse osseointegration when compared to αCGRP+/+ mice. LIPUS could enhance implant osseointegration in αCGRP+/+ mice but had little effect on αCGRP-/- mice. Meanwhile, αCGRP was elevated during the osseointegration with LIPUS treatment. In vitro, LIPUS promoted αCGRP secretion in DRG neurons, thereby enhanced osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts. Also we proved that the effects of LIPUS was duty cycle-related and LIPUS of 80% duty cycle had the strongest impacts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that LIPUS could enhance osseointegration of dental implant by inducing local neuronal production of αCGRP, providing a new idea to promote peri-implant osseointegration and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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25
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Chen P, He F, Liu T, Ma S, Shi B. Construction of calcitonin gene-related peptide-modified mesenchymal stem cells and analysis of their effects on the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:181-191. [PMID: 31912458 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral expression vectors for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were used to transfect rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). After assessing the biological characteristics of proliferation and aging in MSCs transfected with CGRP, we observed the effects of the CGRP-modified rat MSCs on the migration and proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro. Rat MSCs were isolated, cultured in vitro, and identified by flow cytometry. A CGRP recombinant lentivirus was transfected into MSCs. The transfection efficiency was determined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, and CGRP in MSCs was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, ELISA, and immunofluorescence. The proliferation and senescence of CGRP-modified MSCs were evaluated by MTT assay and beta-galactosidase staining. VSMCs were isolated, cultured in vitro, and identified by immunofluorescence. CGRP-modified MSCs and VSMCs were cocultured in a Transwell system. The proliferation and migration of VSMCs were evaluated by scratch testing and the MTT method. Rat bone marrow MSCs showed a spindle-shaped morphology, adherent growth in vitro, positive CD29 and CD90 expression, and negative CD45 expression. CGRP was stably expressed in MSCs after 48 h of recombinant lentivirus transfection. CGRP mRNA and protein secretion in CGRP recombinant lentivirus-transfected MSCs were higher than that in control MSCs. Immunofluorescence showed that CGRP protein could be expressed in CGRP-modified MSCs. The proliferation ability and senescence rates did not differ between lentivirus-transfected MSCs and untransfected MSCs. Rat VSMCs expressed α-SMA protein and exhibited a spindle-shaped morphology and adherent growth in vitro. In Transwell coculture experiments, scratch testing of VSMCs showed that CGRP-modified MSCs could reduce VSMC proliferation and migration. The CGRP gene can be stably expressed in MSCs after CGRP recombinant lentivirus transfection. CGRP recombinant lentivirus transfection has little effect on the proliferation or senescence of MSCs, and CGRP-modified MSCs can inhibit the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. These results lay a foundation for research on the use of CGRP gene-engineered MSCs in restenosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panke Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Fang He
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering in Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Bei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, China.
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26
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Therapeutic effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with autogenous bone grafting for treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rabbits. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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27
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Xie J, Guo J, Kanwal Z, Wu M, Lv X, Ibrahim NA, Li P, Buabeid MA, Arafa ESA, Sun Q. Calcitonin and Bone Physiology: In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Investigations. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:3236828. [PMID: 32963524 PMCID: PMC7501564 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3236828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin was discovered as a peptide hormone that was known to reduce the calcium levels in the systemic circulation. This hypocalcemic effect is produced due to multiple reasons such as inhibition of bone resorption or suppression of calcium release from the bone. Thus, calcitonin was said as a primary regulator of the bone resorption process. This is the reason why calcitonin has been used widely in clinics for the treatment of bone disorders such as osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, and Paget's disease. However, presently calcitonin usage is declined due to the development of efficacious formulations of new drugs. Calcitonin gene-related peptides and several other peptides such as intermedin, amylin, and adrenomedullin (ADM) are categorized in calcitonin family. These peptides are known for the structural similarity with calcitonin. Aside from having a similar structure, these peptides have few overlapping biological activities and signal transduction action through related receptors. However, several other activities are also present that are peptide specific. In vitro and in vivo studies documented the posttreatment effects of calcitonin peptides, i.e., positive effect on bone osteoblasts and their formation and negative effect on osteoclasts and their resorption. The recent research studies carried out on genetically modified mice showed the inhibition of osteoclast activity by amylin, while astonishingly calcitonin plays its role by suppressing osteoblast and bone turnover. This article describes the review of the bone, the activity of the calcitonin family of peptides, and the link between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Fengcheng People's Hospital, Fengcheng, Jiangxi 331100, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of the Second Orthopedics, Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Hongdu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
| | | | - Mingzheng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pu'ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Xiangyang Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China
| | | | - Ping Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, Sichuan 625000, China
| | | | | | - Qingshan Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250031, China
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Wang B, Lin J, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Yu H, Gong P, Xiang L. αCGRP Affects BMSCs' Migration and Osteogenesis via the Hippo-YAP Pathway. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1420-1431. [PMID: 31426665 PMCID: PMC6802143 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719871000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (αCGRP) plays a significant pathophysiological role in the regulation of bone metabolism. Our previous research indicated that αCGRP might have a potential application in enhancing osseointegration in vivo. To further uncover the intrinsic mechanism of its networks in bone regeneration, here we investigate the impact of αCGRP on osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from both wild-type and αCGRP-/- mice. Considering the half-life of αCGRP in plasma is only 10 min, we applied αCGRP lentivirus and stably transfected it into BMSCs, followed by transfection identification and cell cycle assay. We further conducted a series of in vitro tests, and the results revealed that biological functions including migratory ability and osteogenicity exhibited positive correlation with BMSCs' αCGRP expression. Meanwhile, this phenomenon was associated with an enhanced expression of YAP (Yes-associated protein), the key downstream effector of the Hippo pathway. To sum up, our data together with previous in vivo observations is likely to elucidate the intrinsic mechanism of αCGRP in bone remodeling, and αCGRP would appear to be a novel treatment to promote bone wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Both the authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Both the authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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29
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Lei L, Liu Z, Yuan P, Jin R, Wang X, Jiang T, Chen X. Injectable colloidal hydrogel with mesoporous silica nanoparticles for sustained co-release of microRNA-222 and aspirin to achieve innervated bone regeneration in rat mandibular defects. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:2722-2735. [PMID: 32255005 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nerve fibers and vessels play important roles in bone formation, and inadequate innervation in the bone defect area can delay the regeneration process. However, there are few studies aiming to promote innervation to engineer bone formation. Here, we report the development of an injectable thermoresponsive mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-embedded core-shell structured poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PEG-PLGA-PNIPAM) hydrogel for localized and long-term co-delivery of microRNA-222 and aspirin (ASP) (miR222/MSN/ASP hydrogel). ASP was found to stimulate bone formation as previously reported, and miR222 induced human bone mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into neural-like cells through Wnt/β-catenin/Nemo-like kinase signaling. In a rat mandibular bone defect, injection of the co-delivered MSN hydrogel resulted in neurogenesis and enhanced bone formation, indicating that the present injectable miR222- and ASP-co-delivering colloidal hydrogel is a promising material for innervated bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
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30
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Ren W, Yang L, Deng T, Wu C, Li Y, Wu J, Huang Z, Du F, Guo L. Calcitonin gene‑related peptide regulates FOSL2 expression and cell proliferation of BMSCs via mmu_circRNA_003795. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3732-3742. [PMID: 30896827 PMCID: PMC6472134 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that may have important regulatory potency in various biological processes. However, the role of circRNAs and their potential functions in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of mice (BMSCs) are still ambiguous. The current study aims to examine the expression of circRNAs and to investigate their effects on FOS like 2 AP-1 transcription factor subunit (FOSL2) expression following stimulation of BMSCs with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). RNA generated from BMSCs stimulated with or without CGRP was used in a microarray to detect expression of circRNAs. There were 58 significantly differentially expressed circRNAs following CGRP treatment, with 44 circRNAs downregulated and 14 upregulated. Bioinformatics analysis and regulatory networks were used to identify the potential interactions between circRNAs and microRNAs (miRs). mmu_circRNA_003795 was significantly increased in the CGRP-stimulated BMSCs compared with the blank control. Silencing of mmu_circRNA_003795, significantly increased the expression of mmu_miR-504-3p, whereas FOSL2 expression and cell proliferation were decreased. Furthermore, silencing of mmu_mir-504-3p using an miR inhibitor led to increased FOSL2 expression. Additionally, silencing of mmu_circRNA_003795 using small interfering RNA induced marked alterations in the cell cycle of BMSCs. The results demonstrated that mmu_circRNA_003795 can indirectly regulate FOSL2 expression via sponging of miR-504-3p, resulting in alterations in BMSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510140, P.R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510140, P.R. China
| | - Tian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510140, P.R. China
| | - Caijuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510140, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510140, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510140, P.R. China
| | - Zhu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510140, P.R. China
| | - Faliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510140, P.R. China
| | - Lvhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510140, P.R. China
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31
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Yan D, Liu X, Guo SW. Neuropeptides Substance P and Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide Accelerate the Development and Fibrogenesis of Endometriosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2698. [PMID: 30804432 PMCID: PMC6389969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39170-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriotic lesions are known to be hyperinnervated, especially in lesions of deep endometriosis (DE), which are frequently in close proximity to various nerve plexuses. DE lesions typically have higher fibromuscular content than that of ovarian endometriomas (OE) lesions, but the underlying reason remains elusive. Aside from their traditional role of pain transduction, however, whether or not sensory nerves play any role in the development of endometriosis is unclear. Here, we show that, thorough their respective receptors neurokinin receptor 1 (NK1R), calcitonin receptor like receptor (CRLR), and receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP-1), neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (FMT) and further turn stromal cells into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in endometriotic lesions, resulting ultimately in fibrosis. We show that SP and CGRP, or the rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) supernatant, through the induction of NK1R and CGRP/CRLR/RAMP-1 signaling pathways, promoted EMT, FMT and SMM in endometriosis, resulting in increased migratory and invasive propensity, cell contractility, production of collagen, and eventually to fibrosis. Neutralization of NK1R and/or CGRP/CRLR/RAMP-1 abrogated these processes. Extended exposure of endometriotic stromal cells to SP and/or CGRP or the DRG supernatant induced increased expression of α-SMA, desmin, oxytocin receptor, and smooth muscle myosin heavy-chain. Finally, we show that DE lesions had significantly higher nerve fiber density, increased staining levels of α-SMA, NK1R, CRLR, and RAMP-1, concomitant with higher lesional fibrotic content than that of OE lesions. The extent of lesional fibrosis correlated positively with the staining levels of NK1R, CRLR, and RAMP-1, as well as the nerve fiber density in lesions. Thus, this study provides another piece of evidence that sensory nerves play an important role in promoting the development and fibrogenesis of endometriosis. It explains as why DE frequently have higher fibromuscular content than that of OE, highlights the importance of lesional microenvironment in shaping the lesional fate, gives more credence to the idea that ectopic endometrium is fundamentally wounds that go through repeated tissue injury and repair, and should shed much needed light into the pathophysiology of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingmin Yan
- Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xishi Liu
- Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Naot D, Musson DS, Cornish J. The Activity of Peptides of the Calcitonin Family in Bone. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:781-805. [PMID: 30540227 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00066.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin was discovered over 50 yr ago as a new hormone that rapidly lowers circulating calcium levels. This effect is caused by the inhibition of calcium efflux from bone, as calcitonin is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption. Calcitonin has been in clinical use for conditions of accelerated bone turnover, including Paget's disease and osteoporosis; although in recent years, with the development of drugs that are more potent inhibitors of bone resorption, its use has declined. A number of peptides that are structurally similar to calcitonin form the calcitonin family, which currently includes calcitonin gene-related peptides (αCGRP and βCGRP), amylin, adrenomedullin, and intermedin. Apart from being structurally similar, the peptides signal through related receptors and have some overlapping biological activities, although other activities are peptide specific. In bone, in vitro studies and administration of the peptides to animals generally found inhibitory effects on osteoclasts and bone resorption and positive effects on osteoblasts and bone formation. Surprisingly, studies in genetically modified mice have demonstrated that the physiological role of calcitonin appears to be the inhibition of osteoblast activity and bone turnover, whereas amylin inhibits osteoclast activity. The review article focuses on the activities of peptides of the calcitonin family in bone and the challenges in understanding the relationship between the pharmacological effects and the physiological roles of these peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Naot
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - David S Musson
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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Wu J, Liu S, Wang Z, Ma S, Meng H, Hu J. Calcitonin gene-related peptide promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells via inhibiting MAPK signaling. Proteome Sci 2018; 16:18. [PMID: 30473635 PMCID: PMC6236989 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-018-0146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) contributes to bone formation by stimulating bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) proliferation and differentiation. However, the proliferative and apoptotic effects of CGRP on bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have not been investigated. Methods We tested the effects of CGRP on EPC proliferation and apoptosis by Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, and studied the effects of CGRP on the expression of proliferation- and apoptosis-related markers in EPCs and the underlying mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Results We detected EPC markers (CD34, CD133 and VEGFR-2) in 7-day cultures and found that CGRP (10− 10–10− 12 M) promoted the proliferation of cultured EPCs, with a peak increase of 30% at 10− 10 M CGRP. CGRP also upregulated the expression of proliferation-associated genes, including cyclin D1 and cyclin E, and increased the percentages of G2/M-phase and S-phase cells after incubation 72 h. CGRP inhibited serum deprivation (SD)-induced apoptosis in EPCs after 24 and 48 h and downregulated the expression of apoptosis-related genes, including caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and Bax. Phosphorylated (p-)ERK1/2, p-p38 and p-JNK protein levels in EPCs treated with CGRP were significantly lower than those in untreated EPCs. Pre-treatment with the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) antagonist CGRP8–37 or a MAPK pathway inhibitor (PD98059, SB203580 or SP600125) completely or partially reversed the pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects and the reduced p-ERK1/2, p-p38 and p-JNK expression induced by CGRP. Conclusion Our results show that CGRP exerts pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects on EPCs and may act by inhibiting MAPK pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12953-018-0146-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqun Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Huadu District People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510800 Guangdong Province China
| | - Song Liu
- 2Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510150 Guangdong Province China.,3Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510515 Guangdong Province China
| | - Zhao Wang
- 2Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510150 Guangdong Province China
| | - Shenghui Ma
- 3Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510515 Guangdong Province China
| | - Huan Meng
- 3Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510515 Guangdong Province China
| | - Jijie Hu
- 3Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510515 Guangdong Province China
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Zhang N, Gao D, Liu Y, Ji S, Sha L. Effects of Neuropeptide Substance P on Proliferation and β-Cell Differentiation of Adult Pancreatic Ductal Cells. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:806. [PMID: 30455626 PMCID: PMC6230717 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The pancreas is innervated by sensory nerves, parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves. The classical neurotransmitters, acetylcholine and noradrenaline, and some kind of neuropeptides are contained in the terminals of these nerves. Neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) co-released from the primary sensory fibers have been identified as the key neurotransmitters in pancreas. Pancreatic ductal epithelium cells are one of the important sources of the pancreatic islet β-cell neogenesis. We hypothesized that SP and CGRP might play a role on proliferation of ductal cells and differentiation of ductal cells toward the β-cell neogenesis. Methods: Primary ductal cells of rat pancreas at the third passage (P3) were used. The identification of P3 cells were confirmed with flow cytometry analysis and immunostaining by CK19 (the ductal cell marker). Proliferation of ductal cells was verified by CCK-8 assay and Ki67 immunostaining. Differentiation of ductal cells was determined with immunostaining and flow cytometry. Possible mechanism was explored by testing the key proteins of Wnt signaling using Western blot analysis. Results: Our data showed that SP but not CGRP promoted proliferation of ductal cells. Moreover, NK-1 receptor antagonist L-703,606 blocked the SP-induced stimulation of proliferation. The results of Western blot analysis showed that L-703,606 attenuated the effects of substance P on NK1R, GSK-3β, and β-catenin expression. However, SP did not directly induce the differentiation of ductal cells into β-cells, and did not promote the progression of ductal cells to differentiate into more insulin-produced cells in induction medium. Conclusions: These findings suggested that SP but not CGRP promoted proliferation of adult pancreatic ductal cells. SP promoted proliferation of ductal cells but not differentiation into β-cells. NK1R and Wnt signaling pathway might be involved in the mechanism of promoting the proliferation of ductal cells by SP. Findings in this study indicated the lack of SP might be a possible indicator for the initial of diabetes. SP could also be used as a drug candidate for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Gao
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yudan Liu
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sihan Ji
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Sha
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Abstract
Bones provide both skeletal scaffolding and space for hematopoiesis in its marrow. Previous work has shown that these functions were tightly regulated by the nervous system. The central and peripheral nervous systems tightly regulate compact bone remodeling, its metabolism, and hematopoietic homeostasis in the bone marrow (BM). Accumulating evidence indicates that the nervous system, which fine-tunes inflammatory responses and alterations in neural functions, may regulate autoimmune diseases. Neural signals also influence the progression of hematological malignancies such as acute and chronic myeloid leukemias. Here, we review the interplay of the nervous system with bone, BM, and immunity, and discuss future challenges to target hematological diseases through modulation of activity of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maryanovich
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Shoichiro Takeishi
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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Liu H, Xiong Y, Wang H, Yang L, Wang C, Liu X, Wu Z, Li X, Ou L, Zhang R, Zhu X. Effects of water extract from epimedium on neuropeptide signaling in an ovariectomized osteoporosis rat model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 221:126-136. [PMID: 29705515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE For the past millennium, water extract from Epimedium (dried leaves of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.) has been widely used for bone disease therapy in traditional Chinese medicine and has been reported to exhibit salutary effects on osteoporosis in clinical trials. The therapeutic effect of Epimedium is associated with the function of the brain in traditional Chinese medicine theory. STUDY AIM To determine the potential relationship between treating osteoporosis with Epimedium and neuropeptide regulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Water extract from Epimedium was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with HPLC-TOF-MS. Ovariectomized rats were used as an osteoporosis model and were treated orally with water extract from Epimedium 16 weeks after surgery to mimic clinical therapy. After treatment, gene expression and protein levels of four neuropeptides, as well as their main receptors or receptor precursors including; neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its receptors NPY 1 (NPYR1) and 2; calcitonin gene-related peptide and its receptor precursor calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR); vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and its receptor VIP 1 (VIP1R) and 2; and substance P (SP) and its receptor neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) were detected in samples taken from bone, brain and spinal cord. RESULTS Treatment with water extract from Epimedium prevented bone mineral loss and reduced femoral bone strength decline associated with osteoporosis. Detection of neuropeptides showed that treatment also affected neuropeptide in the brain/spinal cord/bone axis; specifically, treatment increased brain NPY, bone NPY1R, bone CRLR, bone and spinal cord VIP and VIP2R, bone SP, and brain and spinal cord NK1R. CONCLUSION The effects of osteoporosis can largely be reduced by treatment with Epimedium most likely through a mechanism associated with several neuropeptides involved in regulation of the brain/spinal cord/bone axis. These novel results contribute to existing literature regarding the possible mechanisms of habitual use of Epimedium in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengrui Liu
- Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | | | - Haixia Wang
- Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | | | | | - Zhidi Wu
- Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Ling Ou
- Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | | | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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Yu X, Liu S, Chen H, Zhao X, Chen X, Du Y, Li S. CGRP gene-modified rBMSCs show better osteogenic differentiation capacity in vitro. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:357-367. [PMID: 29846865 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a marked and important neuropeptide expressed in nerve fibers during bone repair. This study investigated the role of CGRP overexpression on osteogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). rBMSCs were infected with viral stocks of pLenO-DCE-CGRP (CGRP group) or pLenO-DCE (Vector group), while normal rBMSCs were used as a control. Transfection efficiency of rBMSCs was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was examined using a Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry. Expressions of alkaline phosphatase(ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and Runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2) in rBMSCs were detected at 1 and 2 weeks after mineral induction by real-time PCR and western blotting. Alizarin Red staining was applied at 28 days. The ratio of osteoprotegerin (OPG) to receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) was also detected to determine the underlying mechanism. pLenO-DCE-CGRP-induced rBMSCs stably overexpressing CGRP were successfully established. Overexpression of the CGRP gene significantly promoted rBMSC proliferation (p < 0.05). In addition, expressions of osteogenesis-related indexes were upregulated in the CGRP group (p < 0.05) compared with vector and control groups, and more mineralization nodules were observed in the CGRP group (p < 0.05). CGRP gene increased OPG and reduced RANKL in rBMSCs. Hence, the OPG/ RANKL ratio was increased in the CGRP group compared with the other two groups. CGRP gene-modified rBMSCs show better osteogenic differentiation capacity compared with rBMSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijiao Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Du
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Lv T, Liang W, Li L, Cui X, Wei X, Pan H, Li B. Novel calcitonin gene-related peptide/chitosan-strontium-calcium phosphate cement: Enhanced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:19-28. [PMID: 29446542 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone cement materials have some disadvantages, including slow degradation and no biological activity, which greatly weakens their clinical application. Therefore, the search for a multifunctional bioactive bone cement has become urgent. In this study, a novel bone cement sample of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)/chitosan-strontium (Sr)-calcium phosphate cement (CPC) was developed. The structure and morphology were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The cytotoxicity and proliferation of CGRP/chitosan-Sr-CPC were also measured. The expression of CGRP receptor 1 was measured using an immunofluorescence assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were employed to quantify the VEGF mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Finally, the ability of the material to improve angiogenesis was assessed by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) tube formation assay. The results showed that CGRP/Chitosan-Sr-CPC had the characteristics of a good orthopedic material without showing cell cytotoxicity to HUVECs. Meanwhile, CGRP/chitosan-Sr-CPC could release CGRP and enhance the proliferation of HUVECs via CGRP receptors. Moreover, CGRP/chitosan-Sr-CPC significantly upregulated the expression of the VEGF gene and protein in HUVECs, which might help improve the angiogenesis microenvironment. Besides, CGRP/chitosan-Sr-CPC could significantly improve angiogenesis of HUVECs. These findings provide new therapeutic material for the treatment of osteoporotic bone injury. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 19-28, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Lv
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Liang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Li
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xu Cui
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomou Wei
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Li
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
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Calcitonin gene‑related peptide reduces Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS‑induced TNF‑α release and apoptosis in osteoblasts. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3246-3254. [PMID: 29257246 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases comprise mixed bacterial infections mainly caused by Gram‑negative anaerobic bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are important virulence factors and periodontal pathogens, which change local cytokine levels and promote osteoblast apoptosis, thereby leading to an imbalance in bone remodeling mechanisms and accelerating bone loss. Calcitonin gene‑related peptide (CGRP) is a vasoactive neuropeptide that is released from sensory nerves and has a positive effect on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. In addition, this small molecule peptide is an important immune regulator in the inflammatory response. The aim of the present study was to assess the in vitro effects of CGRP on Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)LPS‑induced osteoblast apoptosis. Osteoblast cultures were stimulated either with various concentrations of PgLPS (0, 25, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 ng/ml) for 48 h or with 500 ng/ml PgLPS for various lengths of time (0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h). The PgLPS‑stimulated cells were pretreated with different concentrations of CGRP (0, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 nM) and cell viability and apoptotic rates were measured by Cell Counting kit‑8 assays and flow cytometry, respectively. CGRP, cleaved (c)‑Caspase‑8 and c‑Caspase‑3 protein expression levels were analyzed by western blotting. Changes in cytokine expression levels, which included tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‑1 and MCP‑2, were measured by ELISA. PgLPS was demonstrated to inhibit osteoblast viability and promote apoptosis in a time‑ and concentration‑dependent manner. CGRP expression was revealed to reduce PgLPS‑induced cytostatic activity and apoptosis in osteoblasts. CGRP also suppressed the PgLPS‑induced release of TNF‑α and inhibited the activation of c‑Caspase‑3 and c‑Caspase‑8, thus preventing apoptosis in osteoblasts. CGRP may be an important neuropeptide in bone remodeling and may reduce osteoblast apoptosis in inflammatory conditions. These results may provide a solid foundation for CGRP to serve as a new target for the treatment of periodontitis.
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Zhou XY, Xu XM, Wu SY, Wang F, Zhang ZC, Yang YL, Li M, Wei XZ. Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound-Induced Spinal Fusion is Coupled with Enhanced Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Expression in Rat Model. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2017; 43:1486-1493. [PMID: 28457632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been found to accelerate fracture healing. In this study, we analyzed the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in a rat spinal fusion model treated with LIPUS. The results revealed that LIPUS significantly increases bone formation, and the process was coupled with elevated CGRP innervation. CGRP was located in fibrous tissue, closely surrounding the allograft and newly formed cartilage. The density of CGRP peaked at week 3 after surgery in both the control (non-LIPUS-treated) and LIPUS-treated groups. These results suggest that LIPUS might accelerate spinal fusion by promoting sensory nerve fiber innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Ming Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sui-Yi Wu
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Lin Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Zhao Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Jung WC, Levesque JP, Ruitenberg MJ. It takes nerve to fight back: The significance of neural innervation of the bone marrow and spleen for immune function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 61:60-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Junfeng G, Huiyu Z, Gang Z, Yang A, Yang Y, Fei W, Yinghui T. [Protective effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide against oxidative damage in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2016; 34:584-588. [PMID: 28318158 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to observe the protective effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), as well as its potential mechanism, against oxidative damage in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. METHODS 1) MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were treated with different hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentrations (10⁻¹, 10⁻², 10⁻³, 10⁻⁴, and 10⁻⁵ mol·L⁻¹) for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h to build an oxidative damage model, to determine cell proliferation activity in each group by using CCK-8 assay, and to determine the optimal modeling concentration. MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were pretreated for 1 h with different CGRP concentrations (10⁻⁶, 10⁻⁷, 10⁻⁸, 10⁻⁹, and 10⁻¹⁰ mol·L⁻¹) followed by treatment with H₂O₂ (10⁻⁴ mol·L⁻¹). After 12, 24, 36, and 48 h, the CGRP expression and activity of osteoblasts were detected using the CCK-8 method to determine the optimal CGRP concentration that provides the best protective effect against oxidative damage. 2) Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and the levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 of the groups treated with CGRP, H₂O₂, CGRP+H₂O₂ were determined. RESULTS 1) Compared with the control group, treatment with 10⁻⁴ mol·L⁻¹ H₂O₂ significantly started to inhibite the proliferation of osteoblasts (P<0.01) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Compared with 10⁻⁴ mol·L⁻¹ H₂O₂ group, pretreatment with 10⁻⁸ mol·L⁻¹ CGRP significantly increased the proliferation of osteoblasts (P<0.01). 2) Compared with H₂O₂ group, CGRP+H₂O₂ group significantly increased the SOD activity (P<0.01), ROS content significantly decreased (P<0.01), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 secretion significantly decreased (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS H₂O₂ can cause oxidative damage to MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, whereas CGRP exerts protective effect against oxidative damage in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Junfeng
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zhang Huiyu
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zhang Gang
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - An Yang
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Wang Fei
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Tan Yinghui
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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Enhanced proliferation and differentiation effects of a CGRP- and Sr-enriched calcium phosphate cement on bone mesenchymal stem cells. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2016; 14:e431-e440. [PMID: 27514494 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Because of its good osteoconductivity, strontium (Sr) ranelate has been extensively used as a bone substitute for the treatment of bone disorders. To facilitate treatment, Sr is also incorporated into calcium phosphate cement (Sr-CPC); however, the Sr from Sr-CPC is not sufficient to induce a significant increase of bone mass in an ovariectomized rat model. To improve the efficiency of Sr-CPC, we developed a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- and Sr-enriched CPC (CGRP-Sr-CPC). METHODS We used X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to measure properties of CGRP-Sr-CPC. We also employed a cell proliferation assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and real-time PCR to assess the effects of CPC implants on proliferation and differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from an ovariectomized rat model. RESULTS CGRP did not change the composition, pore sizes and compressive strength of the cement body as compared with Sr-CPC. Meanwhile, CGRP-Sr-CPC did not show cell cytotoxicity to BMSCs. Further, CGRP and Sr released from CGRP-Sr-CPC significantly enhanced the cell proliferation of BMSCs and increased the activity of ALP during differentiation of BMSCs, compared with CGRP- or Sr-CPC. Moreover, CGRP-Sr-CPC significantly up-regulated the expression levels of osteogenic differentiation-related genes including Alp, Bmp2, Osteonectin and Runx2 during differentiation. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the optimized effects of CGRP- and Sr-enriched CPC in promoting proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, suggesting the potential ability of this novel cement to assist the formation of new bone during osteoporosis-induced bone disorders.
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Martínez-Herrero S, Larrayoz IM, Ochoa-Callejero L, Fernández LJ, Allueva A, Ochoa I, Martínez A. Prevention of Bone Loss in a Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis through Adrenomedullin Inhibition. Front Physiol 2016; 7:280. [PMID: 27445864 PMCID: PMC4928306 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the understanding and treatment options for osteoporosis, this condition remains a serious public health issue. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a regulatory peptide with reported activity on bone remodeling. To better understand this relationship we built an inducible knockout for AM. An outstanding feature of knockout mice is their heavier weight due, in part, to the presence of denser bones. The femur of knockout animals was denser, had more trabeculae, and a thicker growth plate than wild type littermates. The endocrine influence of AM on bone seems to be elicited through an indirect mechanism involving, at least, the regulation of insulin, glucose, ghrelin, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). To confirm the data we performed a pharmacological approach using the AM inhibitor 16311 in a mouse model of osteoporosis. Ovariectomized females showed significant bone mass loss, whereas ovariectomized females treated with 16311 had similar bone density to sham operated females. In conclusion, we propose the use of AM inhibitors for the treatment of osteoporosis and other conditions leading to the loss of bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Martínez-Herrero
- Angiogenesis Interest Group, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, Fundación Rioja Salud Logroño, Spain
| | - Ignacio M Larrayoz
- Angiogenesis Interest Group, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, Fundación Rioja Salud Logroño, Spain
| | - Laura Ochoa-Callejero
- Angiogenesis Interest Group, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, Fundación Rioja Salud Logroño, Spain
| | - Luis J Fernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Aragon Institute of Health SciencesZaragoza, Spain; Group of Structural Mechanics and Materials Modelling, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
| | - Alexis Allueva
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Aragon Institute of Health SciencesZaragoza, Spain; Group of Structural Mechanics and Materials Modelling, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ochoa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Aragon Institute of Health SciencesZaragoza, Spain; Group of Structural Mechanics and Materials Modelling, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- Angiogenesis Interest Group, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, Fundación Rioja Salud Logroño, Spain
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Current Knowledge, Drug-Based Therapeutic Options and Future Directions in Managing Osteoporosis. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-016-9207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Expression pattern of sonic hedgehog signaling and calcitonin gene-related peptide in the socket healing process after tooth extraction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:21-6. [PMID: 26427874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), a neural development inducer, plays a significant role in the bone healing process. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide marker of sensory nerves, has been demonstrated to affect bone formation. The roles of SHH signaling and CGRP-positive sensory nerves in the alveolar bone formation process have been unknown. Here we examined the expression patterns of SHH signaling and CGRP in mouse socket by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis. We found that the expression level of SHH peaked at day 3 and was then decreased at 5 days after tooth extraction. CGRP, PTCH1 and GLI2 were each expressed in a similar pattern with their highest expression levels at day 5 and day 7 after tooth extraction. CGRP and GLI2 were co-expressed in some inflammatory cells and bone forming cells. In some areas, CGRP-positive neurons expressed GLI2. In conclusion, SHH may affect alveolar bone healing by interacting with CGRP-positive sensory neurons and thus regulate the socket's healing process after tooth extraction.
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