1
|
Wang Y, Song Y, Zhang L, Huang X. The paradoxical role of zinc on microglia. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 83:127380. [PMID: 38171037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element for humans, and its homeostasis is essential for the health of the central nervous system. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, play the roles of sustaining, nourishing, and immune surveillance. Microglia are sensitive to microenvironment changes and are easily activated to M1 phenotype to enhance disease progression or the M2 phenotype to improve peripheral nerves injury repair. Zinc is requisite for microglial activation, However, the cytotoxicity outcome of zinc against microglia, the activated microglia phenotype, and activated microglia function are ambiguous. Herein, we have reviewed the neurological function of zinc and microglia, particularly the ambiguous role of zinc on microglia. We also pay attention to the role of zinc homeostasis on microglial function within the central nervous system disease. Finally, we observe the relationship between zinc and microglia, attempting to design new therapeutic measures against major nervous system disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yehong Wang
- Graduate Faculty, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an 710068, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Ethnic Medicine Research Center, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, PR China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, PR China.
| | - Lingdang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, PR China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Ethnic Medicine Research Center, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lopes-Ferreira M, Farinha LRL, Costa YSO, Pinto FJ, Disner GR, da Rosa JGDS, Lima C. Pesticide-Induced Inflammation at a Glance. TOXICS 2023; 11:896. [PMID: 37999548 PMCID: PMC10675742 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of studies reporting the risks of the exposure to pesticides aligned with the intensified use of such hazardous chemicals has emerged as a pressing contemporary issue, notably due to the potential effects to both the environment and human health. Pesticides, while broadly applied in modern agriculture for pest control and crop protection, have raised concerns due to their unintended effects on non-target organisms. The immune system exerts a key role in the protection against the exposome, which could result in cellular imbalances and tissue damage through the inflammatory response. Pesticides, which encompass a diverse array of chemicals, have been linked to inflammation in experimental models. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the increasing concern over the risks of pesticide exposure focusing on the effects of various chemical classes on inflammation by covering, as broadly as possible, different experimental approaches as well as the multiple or co-exposure of pesticides. Overall, pesticides potentially induce inflammation in different experimental models, manifested through skin irritation, respiratory impairment, or systemic effects. The connection between pesticides and inflammation highlights the importance of proper handling and regulation of these substances and underscores the need for research into safer and sustainable practices to reduce our reliance on synthetic pesticides and fertilizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Lopes-Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit, Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503900, Brazil; (L.R.L.F.); (Y.S.O.C.); (F.J.P.); (G.R.D.); (J.G.d.S.d.R.); (C.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zuo Z, Li J, Zhang B, Hang A, Wang Q, Xiong G, Tang L, Zhou Z, Chang X. Early-Life Exposure to Paraquat Aggravates Sex-Specific and Progressive Abnormal Non-Motor Neurobehavior in Aged Mice. TOXICS 2023; 11:842. [PMID: 37888693 PMCID: PMC10611227 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Early-life exposure to environmental neurotoxicants is known to have lasting effects on organisms. In this study, we aim to investigate the impacts of PQ exposure during early developmental stages and adult re-challenge in aged mice on non-motor neurobehavior. Two mouse models, which were exposed once during early life stage and re-exposure at adulthood, were created to explore the long-term effects of PQ on non-motor neurobehavior. As the results showed, early-life exposure to PQ caused impairment in working memory and cognitive ability in aged male mice, but not in female mice, exhibiting a sex-specific impairment. Moreover, male mice that were re-challenged with PQ at adulthood following early-life exposure also exhibited non-motor neurobehavioral disorders. Notably, re-exposure to PQ exacerbated neurobehavioral disorders and anxiety levels compared to single exposure during different life stages. Collectively, early-life exposure to PQ can result in irreversible impairments in non-motor neurobehavior and increase susceptibility to subsequent insults in male mice, but not in female mice, suggesting greater sensitivity in male rodents to PQ-induced non-motor neurobehavioral deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzi Zuo
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jiayi Li
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ai Hang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qiaoxu Wang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.W.); (L.T.)
| | - Guiya Xiong
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Liming Tang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.W.); (L.T.)
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tempol and silymarin rescue from zinc-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Mol Cell Biochem 2022:10.1007/s11010-022-04620-z. [PMID: 36562918 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are the key players in the toxic manifestation of sporadic Parkinson's disease and zinc (Zn)-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration. A synthetic superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic, tempol, and a naturally occurring antioxidant, silymarin protect against oxidative stress-mediated damage. The study intended to explore the effects of tempol and silymarin against Zn-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Exposure to Zn produced neurobehavioral deficits and striatal dopamine depletion. Zn reduced glutathione content and glutathione-S-transferase activity and increased lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity, and level of pro-inflammatory mediators [nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)]. Zn also attenuated the expression of tyrosine hydoxylase (TH), vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT-2), mitochondrial B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and procaspase-3 and 9 proteins and number of TH-positive neurons. Conversely, Zn elevated the expression of dopamine transporter (DAT) and mitochondrial Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) protein along with mitochondrial cytochrome c release. Administration of tempol significantly alleviated Zn-induced motor impairments, dopamine depletion, reduction in TH expression, and loss of TH-positive neurons similar to silymarin. Silymarin mitigated Zn-induced oxidative stress and inflammation and restored the expression of dopamine transporters and levels of pro-apoptotic proteins akin to tempol. The results demonstrate that both tempol and silymarin protect against Zn-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss through the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Su Q, Chen N, Tang J, Wang J, Chou WC, Zheng F, Shao W, Yu G, Cai P, Guo Z, He M, Li H, Wu S. Paraquat-induced oxidative stress regulates N6-methyladenosine (m 6A) modification of long noncoding RNAs in Neuro-2a cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 237:113503. [PMID: 35453019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a ubiquitously applied herbicide. Long-term PQ exposure with low dose has been reported to induce abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in brain nerve cells, which could further lead to Parkinson's disease (PD). N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has recently been identified as having an important role in regulating the function of lncRNAs. However, how m6A modification regulates lncRNAs following PQ exposure remains largely unknown. Herein, this study reported m6A modification of lncRNAs in mouse neuroblastoma cells (Neuro-2a) following PQ induced reactive oxide species (ROS). M6A sequencing was performed to explore the m6A modificated pattern of lncRNAs in Neuro-2a cells which were treated with 200 μM PQ for 3 h. It was found that PQ hypermethylated total RNA and changed the expression of m6A methyltransferase and demethylase proteins, which leading to the alteration of m6A modification of lncRNAs. Furthermore, the functional analysis further revealed that N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC),a ROS scavengers, partly reversed PQ-induced distinct m6A modificated pattern of lncRNAs. In addition, tow specific m6A modified lncRNAs were identified: cell division cycle 5-like (lncRNA CDC5L) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (lncRNA STAT3), which could influence downstream autophagy related biological function. In summary, this work could potentially contribute to the new insight of lncRNAs m6A modification mechanism in the field of environmental toxicology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Su
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Nengzhou Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jianping Tang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Junxiang Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wei-Chun Chou
- Department of Environmental and Global Health and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wenya Shao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Guangxia Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Ping Cai
- Department of Environmental and Global Health and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhenkun Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Minghua He
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Siying Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chauhan AK, Mittra N, Singh G, Singh C. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Contributes To Zinc-induced Neurodegeneration: a Link with NADPH Oxidase. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1413-1427. [PMID: 35476313 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase) are the major sources of augmentation in free radical generation leading to neurodegeneration. Although NADPH oxidase involvement is reported in zinc (Zn)-induced neurodegeneration, contribution of the mitochondrial dysfunction and its association with NADPH oxidase are not known. Therefore, the study was aimed to decipher the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and its link with NADPH oxidase in Zn-induced Parkinsonism. Zn reduced the motor activities, the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons, and level of TH protein. Conversely, Zn increased the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and catalytic activities of complex I and III. Zn also attenuated B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and pro-caspase 9/3 levels and augmented the translocation of cytosolic Bcl-2 associated X (Bax) protein to the mitochondria and cytochrome c release into cytosol from the mitochondria. Cyclosporine A, a mitochondrial outer membrane transition pore inhibitor and apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, independently, ameliorated the Zn-induced changes. Similarly, Zn reduced cell viability through mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, which were notably normalized in the presence of cyclosporine or apocynin. The results demonstrate that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to Zn-induced neurodegeneration, which could be partially aided by the NADPH oxidase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Chauhan
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Post Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Namrata Mittra
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Post Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Garima Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Post Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chetna Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Post Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
See WZC, Naidu R, Tang KS. Cellular and Molecular Events Leading to Paraquat-Induced Apoptosis: Mechanistic Insights into Parkinson’s Disease Pathophysiology. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3353-3369. [PMID: 35306641 PMCID: PMC9148284 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the cardinal features of tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability, in addition to other non-motor symptoms. Pathologically, PD is attributed to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, with the hallmark of the presence of intracellular protein aggregates of α-synuclein in the form of Lewy bodies. The pathogenesis of PD is still yet to be fully elucidated due to the multifactorial nature of the disease. However, a myriad of studies has indicated several intracellular events in triggering apoptotic neuronal cell death in PD. These include oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, alteration in dopamine catabolism, inactivation of tyrosine hydroxylase, and decreased levels of neurotrophic factors. Laboratory studies using the herbicide paraquat in different in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated the induction of many PD pathological features. The selective neurotoxicity induced by paraquat has brought a new dawn in our perspectives about the pathophysiology of PD. Epidemiological data have suggested an increased risk of developing PD in the human population exposed to paraquat for a long term. This model has opened new frontiers in the quest for new therapeutic targets for PD. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the relationship between the exposure of paraquat and the pathogenesis of PD in in vitro and in vivo models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Zhi Chung See
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim San Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hamdaoui Q, Zekri Y, Richard S, Aubert D, Guyot R, Markossian S, Gauthier K, Gaie-Levrel F, Bencsik A, Flamant F. Prenatal exposure to paraquat and nanoscaled TiO 2 aerosols alters the gene expression of the developing brain. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132253. [PMID: 34543901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanopesticides are innovative pesticides involving engineered nanomaterials in their formulation to increase the efficiency of plant protection products, while mitigating their environmental impact. Despite the predicted growth of the nanopesticide use, no data is available on their inhalation toxicity and the potential cocktail effects between their components. In particular, the neurodevelopmental toxicity caused by prenatal exposures might have long lasting consequences. In the present study, we repeatedly exposed gestating mice in a whole-body exposure chamber to three aerosols, involving the paraquat herbicide, nanoscaled titanium dioxide particles (nTiO2), or a mixture of both. Particle number concentrations and total mass concentrations were followed to enable a metrological follow-up of the exposure sessions. Based on the aerosols characteristics, the alveolar deposited dose in mice was then estimated. RNA-seq was used to highlight dysregulations in the striatum of pups in response to the in utero exposure. Modifications in gene expression were identified at post-natal day 14, which might reflect neurodevelopmental alterations in this key brain area. The data suggest an alteration in the mitochondrial function following paraquat exposure, which is reminiscent of the pathological process leading to Parkinson disease. Markers of different cell lineages were dysregulated, showing effects, which were not limited to dopaminergic neurons. Exposure to the nTiO2 aerosol modulated the regulation of cytokines and neurotransmitters pathways, perhaps reflecting a minor neuroinflammation. No synergy was found between paraquat and nTiO2. Instead, the neurodevelopmental effects were surprisingly lower than the one measured for each substance separately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Hamdaoui
- IGFL, Functional Genomics of Thyroid Hormone Signaling Group, Lyon, France; Laboratoire National de Métrologie et D'essais (LNE), Paris, France
| | - Yanis Zekri
- IGFL, Functional Genomics of Thyroid Hormone Signaling Group, Lyon, France
| | - Sabine Richard
- IGFL, Functional Genomics of Thyroid Hormone Signaling Group, Lyon, France
| | - Denise Aubert
- IGFL, Functional Genomics of Thyroid Hormone Signaling Group, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Guyot
- IGFL, Functional Genomics of Thyroid Hormone Signaling Group, Lyon, France
| | - Suzy Markossian
- IGFL, Functional Genomics of Thyroid Hormone Signaling Group, Lyon, France
| | - Karine Gauthier
- IGFL, Functional Genomics of Thyroid Hormone Signaling Group, Lyon, France
| | | | - Anna Bencsik
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Flamant
- IGFL, Functional Genomics of Thyroid Hormone Signaling Group, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Since the discovery of manifest Zn deficiency in 1961, the increasing number of studies demonstrated the association between altered Zn status and multiple diseases. In this chapter, we provide a review of the most recent advances on the role of Zn in health and disease (2010-20), with a special focus on the role of Zn in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, diabetes and obesity, male and female reproduction, as well as COVID-19. In parallel with the revealed tight association between ASD risk and severity and Zn status, the particular mechanisms linking Zn2+ and ASD pathogenesis like modulation of synaptic plasticity through ProSAP/Shank scaffold, neurotransmitter metabolism, and gut microbiota, have been elucidated. The increasing body of data indicate the potential involvement of Zn2+ metabolism in neurodegeneration. Systemic Zn levels in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease were found to be reduced, whereas its sequestration in brain may result in modulation of amyloid β and α-synuclein processing with subsequent toxic effects. Zn2+ was shown to possess adipotropic effects through the role of zinc transporters, zinc finger proteins, and Zn-α2-glycoprotein in adipose tissue physiology, underlying its particular role in pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2. Recent findings also contribute to further understanding of the role of Zn2+ in spermatogenesis and sperm functioning, as well as oocyte development and fertilization. Finally, Zn2+ was shown to be the potential adjuvant therapy in management of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), underlining the perspectives of zinc in management of old and new threats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|