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Lei P, Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Jiang M, Ji X, Ma L, Jin G, Li J, Zhang S, Kong D, Zhao X, Meng F. Functions of Basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) Proteins in the Regulation of Plant Responses to Cold, Drought, Salt, and Iron Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10692-10709. [PMID: 38712500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses including cold, drought, salt, and iron deficiency severely impair plant development, crop productivity, and geographic distribution. Several bodies of research have shed light on the pleiotropic functions of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX (bHLH) proteins in plant responses to these abiotic stresses. In this review, we mention the regulatory roles of bHLH TFs in response to stresses such as cold, drought, salt resistance, and iron deficiency, as well as in enhancing grain yield in plants, especially crops. The bHLH proteins bind to E/G-box motifs in the target promoter and interact with various other factors to form a complex regulatory network. Through this network, they cooperatively activate or repress the transcription of downstream genes, thereby regulating various stress responses. Finally, we present some perspectives for future research focusing on the molecular mechanisms that integrate and coordinate these abiotic stresses. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for the development of stress-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lei
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yaxuan Jiang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng 137099, China
| | - Mingquan Jiang
- Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Ximei Ji
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Le Ma
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guangze Jin
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Subin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Fanjuan Meng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Che L, Lu S, Gou H, Li M, Guo L, Yang J, Mao J. VvJAZ13 Positively Regulates Cold Tolerance in Arabidopsis and Grape. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4458. [PMID: 38674041 PMCID: PMC11049880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cold stress adversely impacts grape growth, development, and yield. Therefore, improving the cold tolerance of grape is an urgent task of grape breeding. The Jasmonic acid (JA) pathway responsive gene JAZ plays a key role in plant response to cold stress. However, the role of JAZ in response to low temperatures in grape is unclear. In this study, VvJAZ13 was cloned from the 'Pinot Noir' (Vitis vinefera cv. 'Pinot Noir') grape, and the potential interacting protein of VvJAZ13 was screened by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H). The function of VvJAZ13 under low temperature stress was verified by genetic transformation. Subcellular localization showed that the gene was mainly expressed in cytoplasm and the nucleus. Y2H indicated that VvF-box, VvTIFY5A, VvTIFY9, Vvbch1, and VvAGD13 may be potential interacting proteins of VvJAZ13. The results of transient transformation of grape leaves showed that VvJAZ13 improved photosynthetic capacity and reduced cell damage by increasing maximum photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), reducing relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increasing proline content in overexpressed lines (OEs), which played an active role in cold resistance. Through the overexpression of VvJAZ13 in Arabidopsis thaliana and grape calli, the results showed that compared with wild type (WT), transgenic lines had higher antioxidant enzyme activity and proline content, lower REL, MDA, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and an improved ability of scavenging reactive oxygen species. In addition, the expression levels of CBF1-2 and ICE1 genes related to cold response were up-regulated in transgenic lines. To sum up, VvJAZ13 is actively involved in the cold tolerance of Arabidopsis and grape, and has the potential to be a candidate gene for improving plant cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Che
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shixiong Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huimin Gou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lili Guo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Juanbo Yang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Juan Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Zhai X, Wang X, Yang X, Huang Q, Wu D, Wang Y, Kang H, Sha L, Fan X, Zhou Y, Zhang H. Genome-wide identification of bHLH transcription factors and expression analysis under drought stress in Pseudoroegneria libanotica at germination. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:467-481. [PMID: 38633269 PMCID: PMC11018577 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family is the second largest in plants. bHLH transcription factor is not only universally involved in plant growth and metabolism, including photomorphogenesis, light signal transduction, and secondary metabolism, but also plays an important role in plant response to stress. However, the function of bHLH TFs in Pseudoroegneria species has not been studied yet. Pseudoroegneria (Nevski) Á. Löve is a perennial genus of the Triticeae. Pseudoroegneria species are mostly distributed in arid/semi-arid areas and they show good drought tolerance. In this study, we identified 152 PlbHLH TFs in Pseudoroegneria libanotica, which could be classified into 15 groups. Collinearity analysis indicates that 122 PlbHLH genes share homology with wbHLH genes in wheat, and it has lower homology with AtbHLH genes in Arabidopsis. Based on transcriptome profiling under an experiment with three PEG concentrations (0%, 10%, and 20%), 10 up-regulated genes and 11 down-regulated PlbHLH genes were screened. Among them, PlbHLH6, PlbHLH55 and PlbHLH64 as candidate genes may be the key genes related to drought tolerance response at germination, and they have been demonstrated to respond to drought, salt, oxidative, heat, and heavy metal stress in yeast. This study lays the foundation for an in-depth study of the biological roles of PlbHLHs in Pse. libanotica, and discovered new drought-tolerance candidate genes to enhance the genetic background of Triticeae crops. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01433-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingguan Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Xia Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Xunzhe Yang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Qingxiang Huang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Dandan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Houyang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Lina Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Xing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
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Cao X, Wen Z, Shen T, Cai X, Hou Q, Shang C, Qiao G. Overexpression of PavbHLH28 from Prunus avium enhances tolerance to cold stress in transgenic Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:652. [PMID: 38110865 PMCID: PMC10726552 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene family is one of plants' largest transcription factor families. It plays an important role in regulating plant growth and abiotic stress response. RESULTS In this study, we determined that the PavbHLH28 gene participated in cold resistance. The PavbHLH28 gene was located in the nucleus and could be induced by low temperature. Under the treatment of ABA, PEG, and GA3, the transcript level of PavbHLH28 was affected. At low temperature, overexpression of the PavbHLH28 gene enhanced the cold resistance of plants with higher proline content, lower electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Compared with the WT plants, the transgenic plants accumulated fewer reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activity and expression levels of antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased. The expression of proline synthesis enzyme genes was up-regulated, and the transcripts levels of degradation genes were significantly down-regulated. The transcripts abundance of the cold stressed-related genes in the C-repeat binding factor (CBF) pathway was not significantly different between WT plants and transgenic plants after cold stress. Moreover, the PavbHLH28 could directly bind to the POD2 gene promoter and promote its gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Overall, PavbHLH28 enhanced the cold resistance of transgenic plants through a CBF-independent pathway, which may be partly related to ROS scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Zhuang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Tianjiao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Xiaowei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Qiandong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Chunqiong Shang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Guang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China.
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Zhang Z, Tao L, Gao L, Gao Y, Suo J, Yu W, Hu Y, Wei C, Farag MA, Wu J, Song L. Transcription factors TgbHLH95 and TgbZIP44 cotarget terpene biosynthesis gene TgGPPS in Torreya grandis nuts. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1161-1176. [PMID: 37399247 PMCID: PMC10517253 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes are volatile compounds responsible for aroma and the postharvest quality of commercially important xiangfei (Torreya grandis) nuts, and there is interest in understanding the regulation of their biosynthesis. Here, a transcriptomics analysis of xiangfei nuts after harvest identified 156 genes associated with the terpenoid metabolic pathway. A geranyl diphosphate (GPP) synthase (TgGPPS) involved in production of the monoterpene precursor GPP was targeted for functional characterization, and its transcript levels positively correlated with terpene levels. Furthermore, transient overexpression of TgGPPS in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves or tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit led to monoterpene accumulation. Analysis of differentially expressed transcription factors identified one basic helix-loop-helix protein (TgbHLH95) and one basic leucine zipper protein (TgbZIP44) as potential TgGPPS regulators. TgbHLH95 showed significant transactivation of the TgGPPS promoter, and its transient overexpression in tobacco leaves led to monoterpene accumulation, whereas TgbZIP44 directly bound to an ACGT-containing element in the TgGPPS promoter, as determined by yeast 1-hybrid test and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation, firefly luciferase complementation imaging, co-immunoprecipitation, and GST pull-down assays confirmed a direct protein-protein interaction between TgbHLH95 and TgbZIP44 in vivo and in vitro, and in combination these proteins induced the TgGPPS promoter up to 4.7-fold in transactivation assays. These results indicate that a TgbHLH95/TgbZIP44 complex activates the TgGPPS promoter and upregulates terpene biosynthesis in xiangfei nuts after harvest, thereby contributing to its aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, 311300 Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, 311300 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, 311300 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lingling Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, 311300 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yadi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, 311300 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinwei Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, 311300 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weiyu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, 311300 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, 311300 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chunyan Wei
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Desheng Middle Road No. 298, Hangzhou, 310021 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini st., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, 311300 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, 311300 Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, 311300 Zhejiang Province, China
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Zhao X, Ma K, Li Z, Li W, Zhang X, Liu S, Meng R, Lu B, Li X, Ren J, Zhang L, Yuan X. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Brassinolide Signaling Pathway Control of Foxtail Millet Seedling Starch and Sucrose Metabolism under Freezing Stress, with Implications for Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11590. [PMID: 37511348 PMCID: PMC10380969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-temperature stress limits the growth and development of foxtail millet. Freezing stress caused by sudden temperature drops, such as late-spring coldness, often occurs in the seedling stage of foxtail millet. However, the ability and coping strategies of foxtail millet to cope with such stress are not clear. In the present study, we analyzed the self-regulatory mechanisms of freezing stress in foxtail millet. We conducted a physiological study on foxtail millet leaves at -4 °C for seven different durations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h). Longer freezing time increased cell-membrane damage, relative conductance, and malondialdehyde content. This led to osmotic stress in the leaves, which triggered an increase in free proline, soluble sugar, and soluble protein contents. The increases in these substances helped to reduce the damage caused by stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. The optimal time point for the response to freezing stress was 8 h after exposure. The transcriptome analysis of samples held for 8 h at -4 °C revealed 6862 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which the majority are implicated in various pathways, including the starch and sucrose metabolic pathways, antioxidant enzyme pathways, brassinolide (BR) signaling pathway, and transcription factors, according to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment. We investigated possible crosstalk between BR signals and other pathways and found that BR signaling molecules were induced in response to freezing stress. The beta-amylase (BAM) starch hydrolase signal was enhanced by the BR signal, resulting in the accelerated degradation of starch and the formation of sugars, which served as emerging ROS scavengers and osmoregulators to resist freezing stress. In conclusion, crosstalk between BR signal transduction, and both starch and sucrose metabolism under freezing stress provides a new perspective for improving freezing resistance in foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiatong Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Ke Ma
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Zhong Li
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Weidong Li
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Shaoguang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Ru Meng
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Boyu Lu
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiaorui Li
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Jianhong Ren
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Liguang Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
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Ren C, Fan P, Li S, Liang Z. Advances in understanding cold tolerance in grapevine. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023:kiad092. [PMID: 36789447 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis ssp.) is a deciduous perennial fruit crop, and the canes and buds of grapevine should withstand low temperatures annually during winter. However, the widely cultivated Vitis vinifera is cold-sensitive and cannot survive the severe winter in regions with extremely low temperatures, such as viticulture regions in northern China. By contrast, a few wild Vitis species like V. amurensis and V. riparia exhibit excellent freezing tolerance. However, the mechanisms underlying grapevine cold tolerance remain largely unknown. In recent years, much progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms, owing to the advances in sequencing and molecular biotechnology. Assembly of grapevine genomes together with resequencing and transcriptome data enable researchers to conduct genomic and transcriptomic analyses in various grapevine genotypes and populations to explore genetic variations involved in cold tolerance. In addition, a number of pivotal genes have been identified and functionally characterized. In this review, we summarize recent major advances in physiological and molecular analyses of cold tolerance in grapevine and put forward questions in this field. We also discuss the strategies for improving the tolerance of grapevine to cold stress. Understanding grapevine cold tolerance will facilitate the development of grapevines for adaption to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Peige Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the bHLH Transcription Factor Family and Its Response to Abiotic Stress in Mongolian Oak ( Quercus mongolica). Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1127-1148. [PMID: 36826020 PMCID: PMC9955707 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family, one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants, is extensively involved in the growth, development, and stress response of several woody plants. However, no systematic analysis of the bHLH gene family in Quercus mongolica has been reported. We characterize QmbHLH genes and identify the functions of QmbHLH proteins in Q. mongolica. We used bioinformatics approaches, qRT-PCR analysis, and RNA sequencing data to examine chromosomal distributions, gene structures, and conserved patterns, and identified 89 QmbHLH genes, which were divided into 21 subgroups based on the phylogenetic analysis of bHLH genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Segmental replication played a more prominent role than tandem duplication in the expansion of the QmbHLH gene family. Based on patterns of tissue-specific expression, protein interactions, and cis-element analysis, QmbHLH genes may be extensively involved in the growth and development of Q. mongolica. In leaves, stems, and roots, 12 selected QmbHLH genes exhibited responsiveness to abiotic stresses (salt, cold, weak light, and drought). Our study facilitates follow-up functional investigations of the bHLH gene family in Q. mongolica and provides novel insights into bHLH superfamilies in woody plants.
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Xu W, Ren H, Qi X, Zhang S, Yu Z, Xie J. Conserved hierarchical gene regulatory networks for drought and cold stress response in Myrica rubra. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1155504. [PMID: 37123838 PMCID: PMC10140524 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1155504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stress response in plant is regulated by a large number of genes co-operating in diverse networks that serve multiple adaptive process. To understand how gene regulatory networks (GRNs) modulating abiotic stress responses, we compare the GRNs underlying drought and cold stresses using samples collected at 4 or 6 h intervals within 48 h in Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra). We detected 7,583 and 8,840 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under drought and cold stress respectively, which might be responsive to environmental stresses. Drought- and cold-responsive GRNs, which have been built according to the timing of transcription under both abiotic stresses, have a conserved trans-regulator and a common regulatory network. In both GRNs, basic helix-loop-helix family transcription factor (bHLH) serve as central nodes. MrbHLHp10 transcripts exhibited continuous increase in the two abiotic stresses and acts upstream regulator of ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE (APX) gene. To examine the potential biological functions of MrbHLH10, we generated a transgenic Arabidopsis plant that constitutively overexpresses the MrbHLH10 gene. Compared to wild-type (WT) plants, overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants maintained higher APX activity and biomass accumulation under drought and cold stress. Consistently, RNAi plants had elevated susceptibility to both stresses. Taken together, these results suggested that MrbHLH10 mitigates abiotic stresses through the modulation of ROS scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Horticulture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiying Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Horticulture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Hangzhou, China
- Xianghu Lab., Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haiying Ren, ; Jianbo Xie,
| | - Xingjiang Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Horticulture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Hangzhou, China
- Xianghu Lab., Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Horticulture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheping Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Horticulture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Haiying Ren, ; Jianbo Xie,
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10
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Ni ZQ, Jin J, Ye Y, Luo WW, Zheng YN, Tong ZK, Lv YQ, Ye JH, Wu LY. Integrative Transcriptomic and Phytohormonal Analyses Provide Insights into the Cold Injury Recovery Mechanisms of Tea Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2751. [PMID: 36297775 PMCID: PMC9610371 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tea plant is susceptible to low temperature, while the cold injury recovery mechanisms of tea leaves are still unclear. Windbreak has an effective and gradient range of protecting tea plants. Tea plants with increasing cold damage degree have varying recovery status accordingly, which are the ideal objects for investigating the cold injury recovery mechanisms of tea leaves. Here, we investigated the transcriptome and phytohormone profiles of tea leaves with different cold injury degrees in recovery (adjacent to the windbreak), and the levels of chlorophylls, malondialdehyde, major phytohormones as well as the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also measured. The results showed the content of total chlorophylls and the activity of POD in mature tea leaves gradually decreased with the distance to windbreak, while SOD showed the opposite. The major phytohormones were highly accumulated in the moderately cold-injured tea leaves. The biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) was enhanced in the moderate cold damaged tea leaves, suggesting that ABA plays an important role in the cold response and resistance of tea plants. The transcriptomic result showed that the samples in different rows were well discriminated, and the pathways of plant-pathogen interaction and flavonoid biosynthesis were enriched based on KEGG analysis. WRKY, GRAS and NAC were the top classes of transcription factors differentially expressed in the different cold-injured tea leaves. Thus, windbreak is effective to protect adjacent tea plants from cold wave, and phytohormones importantly participate in the cold injury recovery of tea leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qi Ni
- Tea Research Institute, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Zhejiang Agricultural Technical Extension Center, 29 Fengqi East Road, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Wen-Wen Luo
- Jinhua Department of Economic Specialty Technology Promotion, 828 Shuanglong South Road, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zheng
- Jinhua Department of Economic Specialty Technology Promotion, 828 Shuanglong South Road, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Zheng-Kun Tong
- Lanxi Chishan Lake Green Farm Co., Ltd., Lanxi 321100, China
| | - Yi-Qing Lv
- Tea Research Institute, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Liang-Yu Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China
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11
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Transcriptome Analysis of Persian Oak (Quercus brantii L.) Decline Using RNA-seq Technology. Biochem Genet 2022; 61:879-900. [PMID: 36214954 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Since the late 1980s, the oak decline has affected the Zagros oak forests in western Iran. Persian oak (Quercus brantii L.) the most important tree species of these forests has been damaged more than any other plant species. In the present study, the RNA sequencing technique was used for the first time to identify key genes and molecular mechanisms involved in Persian oak decline. The RNA was extracted from the leaves of healthy and declined oak trees, and sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform (2 × 150 bp paired-end reads). De novo transcriptome assembly of Persian oak revealed 56,743 unigenes and 6049 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between declined and control samples. The results of gene ontology analysis showed that most of the DEGs involved in oak decline belong to the group of stress-responsive genes. In general, oak decline samples showed significant reductions in gene expression associated with "photosynthesis and storage of sugar" and "protein synthesis and related processes." Additionally, DEGs related to the starch degradation pathway were up-regulated, whereas DEGs associated with acetate-mevalonate (MVA), biosynthesis of lignin, and lignases pathways were down-regulated. The present study's findings can be an effective step in identifying the genes involved in oak decline and deciphering the relationship between this phenomenon and biotic and abiotic stresses.
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12
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Ma X, Zhao F, Su K, Lin H, Guo Y. Discovery of cold-resistance genes in Vitis amurensis using bud-based quantitative trait locus mapping and RNA-seq. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:551. [PMID: 35918639 PMCID: PMC9347155 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In cold regions, low temperature is the main limiting factor affecting grape production. As an important breeding resource, V. amurensis Rupr. has played a crucial role in the discovery of genes which confer cold resistance in grapes. Thus far, many cold-resistance genes have been reported based on the study of V. amurensis. In order to identify more candidate genes related to cold resistance in V. amurensis, QTL mapping and RNA-seq was conducted based on the hybrid population and different cold-resistance cultivars in this study. Results In this study, highly cold-resistant grape cultivar ‘Shuangyou’ (SY) which belongs to V. amurensis, and cold-sensitive cultivar ‘Red Globe’ (RG) which belongs to Vitis vinifera L. were used to identify cold resistance genes. Cold-resistance quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was performed based on genetic population construction through interspecific crossing of ‘Shuangyou’ and ‘Red Globe’. Additionally, transcriptome analysis was conducted for the dormant buds of these two cultivars at different periods. Based on transcriptome analysis and QTL mapping, many new structural genes and transcription factors which relate to V. amurensis cold resistance were discovered, including CORs (VaCOR413IM), GSTs (VaGST-APIC, VaGST-PARB, VaGSTF9 and VaGSTF13), ARFs (VaIAA27 and VaSAUR71), ERFs (VaAIL1), MYBs (VaMYBR2, VaMYBLL and VaMYB3R-1) and bHLHs (VaICE1 and VabHLH30). Conclusions This discovery of candidate cold-resistance genes will provide an important theoretical reference for grape cold-resistance mechanisms, research, and cold-resistant grape cultivar breeding in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08788-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolele Ma
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangyuan Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Su
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China. .,College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, People's Republic of China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao, 066004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinshan Guo
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China. .,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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Li C, Cai X, Shen Q, Chen X, Xu M, Ye T, Si D, Wu L, Chen D, Han Z, Si J. Genome-wide analysis of basic helix-loop-helix genes in Dendrobium catenatum and functional characterization of DcMYC2 in jasmonate-mediated immunity to Sclerotium delphinii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:956210. [PMID: 35982703 PMCID: PMC9378844 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.956210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium catenatum, belonging to the Orchidaceae, is a precious Chinese herbal medicine. Sclerotium delphinii (P1) is a broad-spectrum fungal disease, which causes widespread loss in the near-wild cultivation of D. catenatum. Thus, resistance breeding of D. catenatum has become the key to solve this problem. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene family is closely related to plant resistance to external stresses, but the related research in D. catenatum is not deep enough yet. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 108 DcbHLH genes could be divided into 23 subgroups. Promoter cis-acting elements revealed that DcbHLHs contain a large number of stress-related cis-acting elements. Transcriptome analysis of MeJA and P1 treatment manifested that exogenous MeJA can change the expression pattern of most bHLH genes, especially the IIIe subgroup, including inhibiting the expression of DcbHLH026 (MYC2a) and promoting the expression of DcbHLH027 (MYC2b). Subcellular localization indicated that they were located in the nucleus. Furthermore, exogenous MeJA treatment significantly delayed disease time and reduced lesion size after infection with P1. DcMYC2b-overexpression Arabidopsis lines showed significantly smaller lesions after being infected with P1 than the wild type, indicating that DcMYC2b functions as an important positive regulator in D. catenatum defense against P1. Our findings shed more insights into the critical role of the DcbHLH family in plants and the resistance breeding of D. catenatum.
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Abstract
Winter wheat growing areas in the Northern hemisphere are regularly exposed to heavy frost. Due to the negative impact on yield, the identification of genetic factors controlling frost tolerance (FroT) and development of tools for breeding is of prime importance. Here, we detected QTL associated with FroT by genome wide association studies (GWAS) using a diverse panel of 276 winter wheat genotypes that was phenotyped at five locations in Germany and Russia in three years. The panel was genotyped using the 90 K iSelect array and SNPs in FroT candidate genes. In total, 17,566 SNPs were used for GWAS resulting in the identification of 53 markers significantly associated (LOD ≥ 4) to FroT, corresponding to 23 QTL regions located on 11 chromosomes (1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3D, 4A, 5A, 5B and 7D). The strongest QTL effect confirmed the importance of chromosome 5A for FroT. In addition, to our best knowledge, eight FroT QTLs were discovered for the first time in this study comprising one QTL on chromosomes 3A, 3D, 4A, 7D and two on chromosomes 1B and 2D. Identification of novel FroT candidate genes will help to better understand the FroT mechanism in wheat and to develop more effective combating strategies.
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Li C, Yan C, Sun Q, Wang J, Yuan C, Mou Y, Shan S, Zhao X. The bHLH transcription factor AhbHLH112 improves the drought tolerance of peanut. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:540. [PMID: 34784902 PMCID: PMC8594184 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) are one of the largest gene families in plants. They regulate gene expression through interactions with specific motifs in target genes. bHLH TFs are not only universally involved in plant growth but also play an important role in plant responses to abiotic stress. However, most members of this family have not been functionally characterized. RESULTS Here, we characterized the function of a bHLH TF in the peanut, AhHLH112, in response to drought stress. AhHLH112 is localized in the nucleus and it was induced by drought stress. The overexpression of this gene improves the drought tolerance of transgenic plants both in seedling and adult stages. Compared to wild-type plants, the transgenic plants accumulated less reactive oxygen species (ROS), accompanied by increased activity and transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase). In addition, the WT plants demonstrated higher MDA concentration levels and higher water loss rate than the transgenic plants under drought treatment. The Yeast one-hybrid result also demonstrates that AhbHLH112 directly and specifically binds to and activates the promoter of the peroxidase (POD) gene. Besides, overexpression of AhHLH112 improved ABA level under drought condition, and elevated the expression of genes associated with ABA biosynthesis and ABA responding, including AtNCED3 and AtRD29A. CONCLUSIONS Drawing on the results of our experiments, we propose that, by improving ROS-scavenging ability, at least in part through the regulation of POD -mediated H2O2 homeostasis, and possibly participates in ABA-dependent stress-responding pathway, AhbHLH112 acts as a positive factor in drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjuan Li
- Department of Breeding, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- Department of Breeding, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Quanxi Sun
- Department of Breeding, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Breeding, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Cuiling Yuan
- Department of Breeding, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Yifei Mou
- Department of Breeding, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Shihua Shan
- Department of Breeding, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhao
- Department of Breeding, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
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16
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Wu K, Duan X, Zhu Z, Sang Z, Duan J, Jia Z, Ma L. Physiological and transcriptome analysis of Magnolia denudata leaf buds during long-term cold acclimation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:460. [PMID: 34625030 PMCID: PMC8501692 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magonlia denudata is an important perennial tree species of the Magnoliaceae family, known for its ornamental value, resistance to smoke pollution and wind, role in air purification, and robust cold tolerance. In this study, a high-throughput transcriptome analysis of leaf buds was performed, and gene expression following artificial acclimation 22 °C, 4 °C and 0 °C, was compared by RNA sequencing. RESULTS Over 426 million clean reads were produced from three libraries (22 °C, 4 °C and 0 °C). A total of 74,503 non-redundant unigenes were generated, with an average length of 1173.7 bp (N50 = 1548). Based on transcriptional results, 357 and 235 unigenes were identified as being upregulated and downregulated under cold stress conditions, respectively. Differentially expressed genes were annotated using Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. The transcriptomic analysis focused on carbon metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction associated with cold acclimation. Transcription factors such as those in the basic helix-loop-helix and AP2/ERF families were found to play an important role in M. denudata cold acclimation. CONCLUSION M. denudata exhibits responses to non-freezing cold temperature (4 °C) to increase its cold tolerance. Cold resistance was further strengthened with cold acclimation under freezing conditions (0 °C). Cold tolerance genes, and cold signaling transcriptional pathways, and potential functional key components for the regulation of the cold response were identified in M. denudata. These results provide a basis for further studies, and the verification of key genes involved in cold acclimation responses in M. denudata lays a foundation for developing breeding programs for Magnoliaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunjing Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Duan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglong Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Sang
- Forestry Science Research Institute of Wufeng County, Wufeng, 443400, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jie Duan
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongkui Jia
- College of Forestry, Engineering Technology Research Center of Pinus tabuliformis of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Luyi Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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Qian Y, Zhang T, Yu Y, Gou L, Yang J, Xu J, Pi E. Regulatory Mechanisms of bHLH Transcription Factors in Plant Adaptive Responses to Various Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:677611. [PMID: 34220896 PMCID: PMC8250158 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.677611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix proteins (bHLHs) comprise one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants. They have been shown to be involved in responses to various abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, chilling, heavy metal toxicity, iron deficiency, and osmotic damages. By specifically binding to cis-elements in the promoter region of stress related genes, bHLHs can regulate their transcriptional expression, thereby regulating the plant's adaptive responses. This review focuses on the structural characteristics of bHLHs, the regulatory mechanism of how bHLHs are involved transcriptional activation, and the mechanism of how bHLHs regulate the transcription of target genes under various stresses. Finally, as increasing research demonstrates that flavonoids are usually induced under fluctuating environments, the latest research progress and future research prospects are described on the mechanisms of how flavonoid biosynthesis is regulated by bHLHs in the regulation of the plant's responses to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Erxu Pi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Current Understanding of bHLH Transcription Factors in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094921. [PMID: 34066424 PMCID: PMC8125693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Named for the characteristic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) region in their protein structure, bHLH proteins are a widespread transcription factor class in eukaryotes. bHLHs transcriptionally regulate their target genes by binding to specific positions on their promoters and thereby direct a variety of plant developmental and metabolic processes, such as photomorphogenesis, flowering induction, shade avoidance, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, which are important for promoting plant tolerance or adaptation to adverse environments. In this review, we discuss the vital roles of bHLHs in plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, cold, and iron deficiency. We suggest directions for future studies into the roles of bHLH genes in plant and discuss their potential applications in crop breeding.
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De Rosa V, Vizzotto G, Falchi R. Cold Hardiness Dynamics and Spring Phenology: Climate-Driven Changes and New Molecular Insights Into Grapevine Adaptive Potential. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:644528. [PMID: 33995442 PMCID: PMC8116538 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.644528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has become a topic of increasing significance in viticulture, severely challenged by this issue. Average global temperatures are increasing, but frost events, with a large variability depending on geographical locations, have been predicted to be a potential risk for grapevine cultivation. Grape cold hardiness encompasses both midwinter and spring frost hardiness, whereas the avoidance of spring frost damage due to late budbreak is crucial in cold resilience. Cold hardiness kinetics and budbreak phenology are closely related and affected by bud's dormancy state. On the other hand, budbreak progress is also affected by temperatures during both winter and spring. Genetic control of bud phenology in grapevine is still largely undiscovered, but several studies have recently aimed at identifying the molecular drivers of cold hardiness loss and the mechanisms that control deacclimation and budbreak. A review of these related traits and their variability in different genotypes is proposed, possibly contributing to develop the sustainability of grapevine production as climate-related challenges rise.
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20
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Yan W, Ni Y, Liu X, Zhao H, Chen Y, Jia M, Liu M, Liu H, Tian B. The mechanism of sesame resistance against Macrophomina phaseolina was revealed via a comparison of transcriptomes of resistant and susceptible sesame genotypes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:159. [PMID: 33781203 PMCID: PMC8008628 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sesame (Sesamum indicum) charcoal rot, a destructive fungal disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid (MP), is a great threat to the yield and quality of sesame. However, there is a lack of information about the gene-for-gene relationship between sesame and MP, and the molecular mechanism behind the interaction is not yet clear. The aim of this study was to interpret the molecular mechanism of sesame resistance against MP in disease-resistant (DR) and disease-susceptible (DS) genotypes based on transcriptomics. This is the first report of the interaction between sesame and MP using this method. RESULTS A set of core genes that response to MP were revealed by comparative transcriptomics and they were preferentially associated with GO terms such as ribosome-related processes, fruit ripening and regulation of jasmonic acid mediated signalling pathway. It is also exhibited that translational mechanism and transcriptional mechanism could co-activate in DR so that it can initiate the immunity to MP more rapidly. According to weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of differentially expressed gene sets between two genotypes, we found that leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) proteins may assume an important job in sesame resistance against MP. Notably, compared with DS, most key genes were induced in DR such as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and resistance genes, indicating that DR initiated stronger pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Finally, the study showed that JA/ET and SA signalling pathways all play an important role in sesame resistance to MP. CONCLUSIONS The defence response to MP of sesame, a complex bioprocess involving many phytohormones and disease resistance-related genes, was illustrated at the transcriptional level in our investigation. The findings shed more light on further understanding of different responses to MP in resistant and susceptible sesame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Yan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yunxia Ni
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xintao Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Min Jia
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Baoming Tian
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Gao J, Dou T, He W, Sheng O, Bi F, Deng G, Gao H, Dong T, Li C, Zhang S, Yi G, Hu C, Yang Q. MaMAPK3-MaICE1-MaPOD P7 pathway, a positive regulator of cold tolerance in banana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:97. [PMID: 33596830 PMCID: PMC7890976 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Banana is a tropical fruit with a high economic impact worldwide. Cold stress greatly affects the development and production of banana. RESULTS In the present study, we investigated the functions of MaMAPK3 and MaICE1 involved in cold tolerance of banana. The effect of RNAi of MaMAPK3 on Dajiao (Musa spp. 'Dajiao'; ABB Group) cold tolerance was evaluated. The leaves of the MaMAPK3 RNAi transgenic plants showed wilting and severe necrotic symptoms, while the wide-type (WT) plants remained normal after cold exposure. RNAi of MaMAPK3 significantly changed the expressions of the cold-responsive genes, and the oxidoreductase activity was significantly changed in WT plants, while no changes in transgenic plants were observed. MaICE1 interacted with MaMAPK3, and the expression level of MaICE1 was significantly decreased in MaMAPK3 RNAi transgenic plants. Over-expression of MaICE1 in Cavendish banana (Musa spp. AAA group) indicated that the cold resistance of transgenic plants was superior to that of the WT plants. The POD P7 gene was significantly up-regulated in MaICE1-overexpressing transgenic plants compared with WT plants, and the POD P7 was proved to interact with MaICE1. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our work provided new and solid evidence that MaMAPK3-MaICE1-MaPOD P7 pathway positively improved the cold tolerance in monocotyledon banana, shedding light on molecular breeding for the cold-tolerant banana or other agricultural species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tongxin Dou
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Weidi He
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ou Sheng
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fangcheng Bi
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guiming Deng
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Huijun Gao
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tao Dong
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ganjun Yi
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Qiaosong Yang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Zhang JH, Lv HZ, Liu WJ, Ji AJ, Zhang X, Song JY, Luo HM, Chen SL. bHLH transcription factor SmbHLH92 negatively regulates biosynthesis of phenolic acids and tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2020; 12:237-246. [PMID: 36119017 PMCID: PMC9476745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Salvia miltiorrhiza is a valuable herbal medicine with tanshinone and phenolic acid as the main biological active ingredients. The biosynthetic regulation of these bioactive compounds is controlled by a set of transcription factors (TFs). The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor plays an important role in various physiological and biochemical processes in plants. However, research on bHLH TFs regulating phenolic acid or tanshinone biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza is limited. Methods qRT-PCR was used for gene expression analysis. The subcellular localization of SmbHLH92 was detected by SmbHLH92-GFP transient transformation into tobacco leaves, and its fluorescence was observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The transcriptional activity of SmbHLH92 was confirmed in the AH109 yeast strain. RNA interference hairy roots of SmbHLH92-RNAi transgenic lines were obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was used to detect the changes of phenolic acids and tanshinones. Results SmbHLH92 is a bHLH transcription factor that is highly expressed in the root and phloem of S. miltiorrhiza. The subcellular localization and transcriptional activity of SmbHLH92 indicated that SmbHLH92 was located in the nucleus and may be a transcription factor. RNA interference (RNAi) of SmbHLH92 in hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza significantly increased the accumulation of phenolic acid and tanshinone. Quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis showed the transcription level of genes encoding the key enzymes involved in the phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthetic pathways was increased in the hairy roots of the SmbHLH92-RNAi transgenic line, comparing with the control line. Conclusion These data indicate that SmbHLH92 is a negative regulator involved in the regulation of phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Martins AA, da Silva MF, Pinto LR. Epigenetic diversity of Saccharum spp. accessions assessed by methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP). 3 Biotech 2020; 10:265. [PMID: 32509498 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic diversity of six genotype groups (commercial cultivars, S. officinarum, S. spontaneum, S. robustum, S. barberi, and Erianthus sp.) was assessed through methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP). A total of 1341 MSAP loci were analyzed, of which 1117 (83.29%) were susceptible to cytosine methylation and responsible for a higher proportion of overall diversity among genotypes. The MSAP selective primer combinations captured different proportions of internal and external cytosine methylation loci across genotype groups, while the average external cytosine frequency was higher for all genotype groups. The genotypes were divided into two subpopulations with a high differentiation index (φst = 0.086) based on epigenetic loci. The genotypes were clustered in three subgroups for both methylated and unmethylated loci, considering dissimilarity values. Four methylated fragments (MFs) were randomly selected and subsequently sequenced and compared with sugarcane public databases using BLASTN. MF alignments suggest that cytosine methylation occurs in sugarcane near CpG islands and tandem repeats within transcribed regions and putative cis-regulatory sequences, which assigned functions are associated with stress adaptation. These results provide the first insights about the distribution of this epigenetic mark in sugarcane genome, and suggest a biological relevance of methylated loci.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel F da Silva
- Instituto Agronômico, Centro de Cana, CP 206, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14001‑970 Brazil
| | - Luciana Rossini Pinto
- Instituto Agronômico, Centro de Cana, CP 206, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14001‑970 Brazil
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24
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Daldoul S, Boubakri H, Gargouri M, Mliki A. Recent advances in biotechnological studies on wild grapevines as valuable resistance sources for smart viticulture. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3141-3153. [PMID: 32130616 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cultivated grapevines, Vitis vinifera subsp. sativa, are thought to have been domesticated from wild populations of Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris in Central Asia. V. vinifera subsp. sativa is one of the most economically important fruit crops worldwide. Since cultivated grapevines are susceptible to multiple biotic and abiotic soil factors, they also need to be grafted on resistant rootstocks that are mostly developed though hybridization between American wild grapevine species (V. berlandieri, V. riparia, and V. rupestris). Therefore, wild grapevine species are essential genetic materials for viticulture to face biotic and abiotic stresses in both cultivar and rootstock parts. Actually, viticulture faces several environmental constraints that are further intensified by climate change. Recently, several reports on biotic and abiotic stresses-response in wild grapevines revealed accessions tolerant to different constraints. The emergence of advanced techniques such as omics technologies, marker-assisted selection (MAS), and functional analysis tools allowed a more detailed characterization of resistance mechanisms in these wild grapevines and suggest a number of species (V. rotundifolia, V. rupestris, V. riparia, V. berlandieri and V. amurensis) have untapped potential for new resistance traits including disease resistance loci and key tolerance genes. The present review reports on the importance of different biotechnological tools in exploring and examining wild grapevines tolerance mechanisms that can be employed to promote elite cultivated grapevines under climate change conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Daldoul
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-lif, Tunisia.
| | - Hatem Boubakri
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, 2050, BP 901, Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Mahmoud Gargouri
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Mliki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-lif, Tunisia
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25
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Zhao J, Shen F, Gao Y, Wang D, Wang K. Parallel Bud Mutation Sequencing Reveals that Fruit Sugar and Acid Metabolism Potentially Influence Stress in Malus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5988. [PMID: 31795097 PMCID: PMC6928686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple sugar and acid are the most important traits of apple fruit. Bud sport cultivars can provide abundant research materials for functional gene studies in apple. In this study, using bud sport materials with a rather different sugar and acid flavor, i.e., "Jonathan" and "Sweet Jonathan", we profiled the whole genome variations and transcriptional regulatory network during fruit developmental stages using whole genome sequencing and RNA-sequencing. Variation analysis identified 4,198,955 SNPs, 319,494 InDels, and 32,434 SVs between the two cultivars. In total, 4313 differentially expressed genes among all of the d 44,399 genes expressed were identified between the two cultivars during fruit development, and functional analysis revealed stress response and signal transduction related genes were enriched. Using 24,047 genes with a more variable expression value, we constructed 28 co-expression modules by weighted correlation network analysis. Deciphering of 14 co-expression modules associated with sugar or acid accumulation during fruit development revealed the hub genes associated with sugar and acid metabolism, e.g., MdDSP4, MdINVE, and MdSTP7. Furthermore, exploration of the intra network of the co-expression module indicated the close relationship between sugar and acid metabolism or sugar and stress. Motif-based sequence analysis of the 17 differentially expressed ATP-binding cassette transporter genes and Yeast one-hybrid assay identified and confirmed a transcription factor, MdBPC6, regulating the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes and potentially participating in the apple fruit development or stress response. Collectively, all of the results demonstrated the use of parallel bud mutation sequencing and identified hub genes, and inferred regulatory relationships providing new information about apple fruit sugar and acid accumulation or stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirong Zhao
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng 125100, China; (J.Z.); (Y.G.); (D.W.)
- College of Life Science, Yan’an University, Shanxi Key Lab of Chinese Jujube, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Beijing Agro-biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Yuan Gao
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng 125100, China; (J.Z.); (Y.G.); (D.W.)
| | - Dajiang Wang
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng 125100, China; (J.Z.); (Y.G.); (D.W.)
| | - Kun Wang
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng 125100, China; (J.Z.); (Y.G.); (D.W.)
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Genome-Wide Analysis of Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Superfamily Members Reveals Organization and Chilling-Responsive Patterns in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110914. [PMID: 31717469 PMCID: PMC6895899 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF) family is commonly found in eukaryotes, which is one of the largest families of regulator proteins. It plays an important role in plant growth and development, as well as various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, a comprehensive analysis of the bHLH family has not been reported in Brassica oleracea. In this study, we systematically describe the BobHLHs in the phylogenetic relationships, expression patterns in different organs/tissues, and in response to chilling stress, and gene and protein characteristics. A total of 234 BobHLH genes were identified in the B. oleracea genome and were further clustered into twenty-three subfamilies based on the phylogenetic analyses. A large number of BobHLH genes were unevenly located on nine chromosomes of B. oleracea. Analysis of RNA-Seq expression profiles revealed that 21 BobHLH genes exhibited organ/tissue-specific expression. Additionally, the expression of six BobHLHs (BobHLH003, -048, -059, -093, -109, and -148) were significantly down-regulated in chilling-sensitive cabbage (CS-D9) and chilling-tolerant cabbage (CT-923). At 24 h chilling stress, BobHLH054 was significantly down-regulated and up-regulated in chilling-treated CS-D9 and CT-923. Conserved motif characterization and exon/intron structural patterns showed that BobHLH genes had similar structures in the same subfamily. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of BobHLH genes and reveals several candidate genes involved in chilling tolerance of B. oleracea, which may be helpful to clarify the roles of bHLH family members and understand the regulatory mechanisms of BobHLH genes in response to the chilling stress of cabbage.
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Wang P, Yang Y, Shi H, Wang Y, Ren F. Small RNA and degradome deep sequencing reveal respective roles of cold-related microRNAs across Chinese wild grapevine and cultivated grapevine. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:740. [PMID: 31615400 PMCID: PMC6794902 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese wild grapevine (Vitis amurensis) has remarkable cold stress tolerance, exceeding that of the common cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Result Here, we surveyed the expression dynamics of microRNAs (miRNAs) across Chinese wild grapevine (cv. Beibinghong) and cultivated grapevine (cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) under cold stress using high-throughput sequencing. We identified 186 known miRNAs in cultivated grape and 427 known miRNAs in Beibinghong. Of the identified miRNAs, 59 are conserved miRNAs orthologous in Cabernet Sauvignon and Beibinghong. In addition, 105 and 129 novel miRNAs were identified in Cabernet Sauvignon and Beibinghong, respectively. The expression of some miRNAs was related to cold stress both in Cabernet Sauvignon and Beibinghong. Many cold-related miRNAs in Cabernet Sauvignon and Beibinghong were predicted to target stress response-related genes such as MYB, WRKY, bHLH transcription factor genes, and heat shock protein genes. However, the expression tendency under cold treatment of many of these miRNAs was different between Cabernet Sauvignon and Beibinghong. Different modes of expression of cultivated and Chinese wild grape miRNAs were indicated in key pathways under cold stress by degradome, target prediction, GO, and KEGG analyses. Conclusion Our study indicated three likely reasons that led to the different cold stress tolerance levels of Cabernet Sauvignon and Beibinghong. Specifically, there may be (1) differential expression of orthologous miRNAs between cultivated grapevine and Chinese wild grape; (2) species-specific miRNAs or target genes; or (3) different regulatory models of miRNAs in cultivated and Chinese wild grape in some key pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Shandong Academy of Grape; Shandong engineering research center for Grape cultivation and deep-processing, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Shandong Academy of Grape; Shandong engineering research center for Grape cultivation and deep-processing, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Shi
- Shandong Academy of Grape; Shandong engineering research center for Grape cultivation and deep-processing, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Shandong Academy of Grape; Shandong engineering research center for Grape cultivation and deep-processing, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong engineering research center for cultivation and deep-processing of grape, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (East China), Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengshan Ren
- Shandong Academy of Grape; Shandong engineering research center for Grape cultivation and deep-processing, Jinan, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong engineering research center for cultivation and deep-processing of grape, Jinan, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (East China), Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Mao TY, Liu YY, Zhu HH, Zhang J, Yang JX, Fu Q, Wang N, Wang Z. Genome-wide analyses of the bHLH gene family reveals structural and functional characteristics in the aquatic plant Nelumbo nucifera. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7153. [PMID: 31231599 PMCID: PMC6573809 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is an economically important aquatic plant with multiple applications, but water salinity and cold stress seriously affect lotus yield and distribution. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) play a vital role in plant growth and development, metabolic regulation processes and responses to environmental changes. However, systematic analyses of the bHLH TF family in lotus has not yet been reported. Here, we report the identification and description of bHLH genes in lotus (NnbHLHs) with a focus on functional prediction, particularly for those involved in stress resistance. In all, 115 NnbHLHs were identified in the lotus genome and classified into 19 subfamilies. The chromosomal distribution, physicochemical properties, bHLH domain, conserved motif compositions and evolution of these 115 NnbHLHs were further analyzed. To better understand the functions of the lotus bHLH family, gene ontology, cis-element, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted. NnbHLHs were predicted to be involved in plant development, metabolic regulation and responses to stress, in accordance with previous findings. Overall, 15 NnbHLHs were further investigated with functional prediction via quantitative real-time PCR analyses. Meanwhile, expression profiles of NnbHLHs in four tissues indicated that many NnbHLHs showed tissue preference in their expression. This study is supposed to provide a good foundation for further research into the functions and evolution of NnbHLHs, and identifies candidate genes for stress resistance in lotus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao-Yao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Ju-Xiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Nian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
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Zhang L, Zhao T, Sun X, Wang Y, Du C, Zhu Z, Gichuki DK, Wang Q, Li S, Xin H. Overexpression of VaWRKY12, a transcription factor from Vitis amurensis with increased nuclear localization under low temperature, enhances cold tolerance of plants. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:95-110. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00846-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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30
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Wang Y, Mao Z, Jiang H, Zhang Z, Chen X. A feedback loop involving MdMYB108L and MdHY5 controls apple cold tolerance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:381-386. [PMID: 30902392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The MYB transcription factors are important for many aspects of plant stress responses. In this study, we isolated and identified an apple MYB gene, MdMYB108L, whose expression is induced by light and cold stresses. An analysis of MdMYB108L-overexpressing transgenic apple calli revealed that MdMYB108L enhances cold tolerance in apple by upregulating MdCBF3 expression. Interestingly, the expression of MdHY5, which encodes an integrator of light and cold signals, was significantly downregulated in transgenic calli. Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that MdMYB108L positively regulates cold tolerance by binding to the MdCBF3 promoter. Additionally, MdHY5 functions upstream of MdMYB108L, and the resulting increase in MdMYB108L abundance downregulates MdHY5 transcription. The results of this study elucidate a new pathway for the regulation of apple cold tolerance via a feedback mechanism involving MdMYB108L and MdHY5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China.
| | - Zuolin Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China.
| | - Huiyan Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China.
| | - Zongying Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China.
| | - Xuesen Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China.
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31
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Sun X, Wang Y, Sui N. Transcriptional regulation of bHLH during plant response to stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:397-401. [PMID: 30057319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix protein (bHLH) is the most extensive class of transcription factors in eukaryotes, which can regulate gene expression through interaction with specific motif in target genes. bHLH transcription factor is not only universally involved in plant growth and metabolism, including photomorphogenesis, light signal transduction and secondary metabolism, but also plays an important role in plant response to stress. In this review, we discuss the role of bHLH in plants in response to stresses such as drought, salt and cold stress. To provide a strong evidence for the important role of bHLH in plant stress response, in order to provide new ideas and targets for the prevention and treatment of plant stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China.
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Jin Y, Zhai S, Wang W, Ding X, Guo Z, Bai L, Wang S. Identification of genes from the ICE-CBF-COR pathway under cold stress in Aegilops- Triticum composite group and the evolution analysis with those from Triticeae. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29515316 PMCID: PMC5834981 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Adverse environmental conditions limit various aspects of plant growth, productivity, and ecological distribution. To get more insights into the signaling pathways under low temperature, we identified 10 C-repeat binding factors (CBFs), 9 inducer of CBF expression (ICEs) and 10 cold-responsive (CORs) genes from Aegilops-Triticum composite group under cold stress. Conserved amino acids analysis revealed that all CBF, ICE, COR contained specific and typical functional domains. Phylogenetic analysis of CBF proteins from Triticeae showed that these CBF homologs were divided into 11 groups. CBFs from Triticum were found in every group, which shows that these CBFs generated prior to the divergence of the subfamilies of Triticeae. The evolutionary relationship among the ICE and COR proteins in Poaceae were divided into four groups with high multispecies specificity, respectively. Moreover, expression analysis revealed that mRNA accumulation was altered by cold treatment and the genes of three types involved in the ICE-CBF-COR signaling pathway were induced by cold stress. Together, the results make CBF, ICE, COR genes family in Triticeae more abundant, and provide a starting point for future studies on transcriptional regulatory network for improvement of chilling tolerance in crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya’nan Jin
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Shanshan Zhai
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Xihan Ding
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Zhifu Guo
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Liping Bai
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
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Zhao T, Wang Z, Su L, Sun X, Cheng J, Zhang L, Karungo SK, Han Y, Li S, Xin H. An efficient method for transgenic callus induction from Vitis amurensis petiole. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179730. [PMID: 28640905 PMCID: PMC5481001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformation is the main platform for genetic improvement and gene function studies in plants. However, the established somatic embryo transformation system for grapevines is time-consuming and has low efficiency, which limits its utilization in functional genomics research. Vitis amurensis is a wild Vitis species with remarkable cold tolerance. The lack of an efficient genetic transformation system for it has significantly hindered the functional identification of cold stress related genes in the species. Herein, an efficient method was established to produce transformed calli of V. amurensis. Segments of petioles from micropropagated plantlets of V. amurensis exhibited better capacity to differentiate calli than leaf-discs and stem segments, and thus was chosen as target tissue for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Both neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) genes were used for simultaneous selection of transgenic calli based on kanamycin resistance and eGFP fluorescence. Several parameters affecting the transformation efficiency were optimized including the concentration of kanamycin, Agrobacterium stains, bacterial densities, infection treatments and co-cultivation time. The transgenic callus lines were verified by checking the integration of NPTII gene into calli genomes, the expression of eGFP gene and the fluorescence of eGFP. Up to 20% of the petiole segments produced transformed calli after 2 months of cultivation. This efficient transformation system will facilitate the functional analysis of agronomic characteristics and related genes not only in V. amurensis but also in other grapevine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zemin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Lingye Su
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Langlang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Sospeter Karanja Karungo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Xin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Wang J, Zhang Q, Cui F, Hou L, Zhao S, Xia H, Qiu J, Li T, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhao C. Genome-Wide Analysis of Gene Expression Provides New Insights into Cold Responses in Thellungiella salsuginea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:713. [PMID: 28533787 PMCID: PMC5420556 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature is one of the major environmental stresses that affects plant growth and development, and leads to decrease in crop yield and quality. Thellungiella salsuginea (salt cress) exhibits high tolerance to chilling, is an appropriate model to investigate the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance. Here, we compared transcription changes in the roots and leaves of T. salsuginea under cold stress using RNA-seq. We identified 2,782 and 1,430 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves and roots upon cold treatment, respectively. The expression levels of some genes were validated by quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR). Among these DEGs, 159 (11.1%) genes in roots and 232 (8.3%) genes in leaves were annotated as various types of transcription factors. We found that five aquaporin genes (three TIPs, one PIPs, and one NIPs) responded to cold treatment. In addition, the expression of COR47, ICE1, and CBF1 genes of DREB1/CBF-dependent cold signaling pathway genes altered in response to low temperature. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that these cold regulated genes were enriched in metabolism, photosynthesis, circadian rhythm, and transcriptional regulation. Our findings provided a complete picture of the regulatory network of cold stress response in T. salsuginea. These cold-responsive genes could be targeted for detail functional study and utilization in crop cold tolerance improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and PhysiologyJinan, China
- Yantai Institute of China Agricultural UniversityYantai, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal UniversityJinan, China
| | - Feng Cui
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and PhysiologyJinan, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and PhysiologyJinan, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and PhysiologyJinan, China
| | - Han Xia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and PhysiologyJinan, China
| | - Jingjing Qiu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and PhysiologyJinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal UniversityJinan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and PhysiologyJinan, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and PhysiologyJinan, China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and PhysiologyJinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal UniversityJinan, China
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and PhysiologyJinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal UniversityJinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanzhi Zhao,
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Mao K, Dong Q, Li C, Liu C, Ma F. Genome Wide Identification and Characterization of Apple bHLH Transcription Factors and Expression Analysis in Response to Drought and Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:480. [PMID: 28443104 PMCID: PMC5387082 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) transcription factor family is the second largest in plants. It occurs in all three eukaryotic kingdoms, and plays important roles in regulating growth and development. However, family members have not previously been studied in apple. Here, we identified 188 MdbHLH proteins in apple "Golden Delicious" (Malus × domestica Borkh.), which could be classified into 18 groups. We also investigated the gene structures and 12 conserved motifs in these MdbHLHs. Coupled with expression analysis and protein interaction network prediction, we identified several genes that might be responsible for abiotic stress responses. This study provides insight and rich resources for subsequent investigations of such proteins in apple.
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Kumar M, Gho YS, Jung KH, Kim SR. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Genes, Conserved between japonica and indica Rice Cultivars, that Respond to Low-Temperature Stress at the Vegetative Growth Stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1120. [PMID: 28713404 PMCID: PMC5491850 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is very detrimental to crop production. However, only a few genes in rice have been identified with known functions related to cold tolerance. To meet this agronomic challenge more effectively, researchers must take global approaches to select useful candidate genes and find the major regulatory factors. We used five Gene expression omnibus series data series of Affymetrix array data, produced with cold stress-treated samples from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/), and identified 502 cold-inducible genes common to both japonica and indica rice cultivars. From them, we confirmed that the expression of two randomly chosen genes was increased by cold stress in planta. In addition, overexpression of OsWRKY71 enhanced cold tolerance in 'Dongjin,' the tested japonica cultivar. Comparisons between japonica and indica rice, based on calculations of plant survival rates and chlorophyll fluorescence, confirmed that the japonica rice was more cold-tolerant. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicate that the 'L-phenylalanine catabolic process,' within the Biological Process category, was the most highly overrepresented under cold-stress conditions, implying its significance in that response in rice. MapMan analysis classified 'Major Metabolic' processes and 'Regulatory Gene Modules' as two other major determinants of the cold-stress response and suggested several key cis-regulatory elements. Based on these results, we proposed a model that includes a pathway for cold stress-responsive signaling. Results from our functional analysis of the main signal transduction and transcription regulation factors identified in that pathway will provide insight into novel regulatory metabolism(s), as well as a foundation by which we can develop crop plants with enhanced cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Yun-Shil Gho
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee UniversityYongin, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee UniversityYongin, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seong-Ryong Kim, Ki-Hong Jung,
| | - Seong-Ryong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang UniversitySeoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seong-Ryong Kim, Ki-Hong Jung,
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Ertani A, Schiavon M, Nardi S. Transcriptome-Wide Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Solanum lycopersicon L. in Response to an Alfalfa-Protein Hydrolysate Using Microarrays. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1159. [PMID: 28725232 PMCID: PMC5496959 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
An alfalfa-based protein hydrolysate (EM) has been tested in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) plants at two different concentrations (0.1 and 1 mL L-1) to get insight on its efficacy as biostimulant in this species and to unravel possible metabolic targets and molecular mechanisms that may shed light on its mode of action. EM was efficient in promoting the fresh biomass and content in chlorophyll and soluble sugars of tomato plants, especially when it was applied at the concentration of 1 mL L-1. This effect on plant productivity was likely related to the EM-dependent up-regulation of genes identified via microarray and involved in primary carbon and nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake and developmental processes. EM also up-regulated a number of genes implied in the secondary metabolism that leads to the synthesis of compounds (phenols and terpenes) functioning in plant development and interaction with the environment. Concomitantly, phenol content was enhanced in EM-treated plants. Several new genes have been identified in tomato as potential targets of EM action, like those involved in detoxification processes from reactive oxygen species and xenobiotic (particularly glutathione/ascorbate cycle-related and ABC transporters), and defense against abiotic and biotic stress. The model hypothesized is that elicitors present in the EM formulation like auxins, phenolics, and amino acids, may trigger a signal transduction pathway via modulation of the intracellular levels of the hormones ethylene, jasmonic acid and abscissic acid, which then further prompt the activation of a cascade events requiring the presence and activity of many kinases and transcription factors to activate stress-related genes. The genes identified suggest these kinases and transcription factors as players involved in a complex crosstalk between biotic and abiotic stress signaling pathways. We conclude that EM acts as a biostimulant in tomato due to its capacity to stimulate plant productivity and up-regulate stress-related responses. Its use in agricultural practices may reduce the need of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides, thereby reducing the environmental impact of productive agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ertani
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment, University of PadovaPadua, Italy
- *Correspondence: Andrea Ertani,
| | - Michela Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment, University of PadovaPadua, Italy
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort CollinsCO, United States
| | - Serenella Nardi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment, University of PadovaPadua, Italy
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Jiao Y, Xu W, Duan D, Wang Y, Nick P. A stilbene synthase allele from a Chinese wild grapevine confers resistance to powdery mildew by recruiting salicylic acid signalling for efficient defence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5841-5856. [PMID: 27702992 PMCID: PMC5066501 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Stilbenes are central phytoalexins in Vitis, and induction of the key enzyme stilbene synthase (STS) is pivotal for disease resistance. Here, we address the potential for breeding resistance using an STS allele isolated from Chinese wild grapevine Vitis pseudoreticulata (VpSTS) by comparison with its homologue from Vitis vinifera cv. 'Carigane' (VvSTS). Although the coding regions of both alleles are very similar (>99% identity on the amino acid level), the promoter regions are significantly different. By expression in Arabidopsis as a heterologous system, we show that the allele from the wild Chinese grapevine can confer accumulation of stilbenes and resistance against the powdery mildew Golovinomyces cichoracearum, whereas the allele from the vinifera cultivar cannot. To dissect the upstream signalling driving the activation of this promoter, we used a dual-luciferase reporter system in a grapevine cell culture. We show elevated responsiveness of the promoter from the wild grape to salicylic acid (SA) and to the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flg22, equal induction of both alleles by jasmonic acid (JA), and a lack of response to the cell death-inducing elicitor Harpin. This elevated SA response of the VpSTS promoter depends on calcium influx, oxidative burst by RboH, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling, and JA synthesis. We integrate the data in the context of a model where the resistance of V. pseudoreticulata is linked to a more efficient recruitment of SA signalling for phytoalexin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntong Jiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Weirong Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Duan
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute 1, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 2, D-78133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute 1, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 2, D-78133 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Sajeevan R, Nataraja KN. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel basic helix–loop–helix-144 (bHLH144)-like transcription factor from Morus alba (L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Dai L, Wang D, Xie X, Zhang C, Wang X, Xu Y, Wang Y, Zhang J. The Novel Gene VpPR4-1 from Vitis pseudoreticulata Increases Powdery Mildew Resistance in Transgenic Vitis vinifera L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:695. [PMID: 27303413 PMCID: PMC4882328 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) can lead to increased resistance of the whole plant to pathogen attack. Here, we isolate and characterize a PR-4 protein (VpPR4-1) from a wild Chinese grape Vitis pseudoreticulata which shows greatly elevated transcription following powdery mildew infection. Its expression profiles under a number of abiotic stresses were also investigated. Powdery mildew, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid methyl ester significantly increased the VpPR4-1 induction while NaCl and heat treatments just slightly induced VpPR4-1 expression. Abscisic acid and cold treatment slightly affected the expression level of VpPR4-1. The VpPR4-1 gene was overexpressed in 30 regenerated V. vinifera cv. Red Globe via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and verified by the Western blot. The 26 transgenic grapevines exhibited higher expression levels of PR-4 protein content than wild-type vines and six of them were inoculated with powdery mildew which showed that the growth of powdery mildew was repressed. The powdery mildew-resistance of Red Globe transformed with VpPR4-1 was enhanced inoculated with powdery mildew. Moreover, other powdery mildew resistant genes were associated with feedback regulation since VpPR4-1 is in abundance. This study demonstrates that PR-4 protein in grapes plays a vital role in defense against powdery mildew invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Dai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xie
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Chaohong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Xiping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- *Correspondence: Yuejin Wang, ; Jianxia Zhang,
| | - Jianxia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- *Correspondence: Yuejin Wang, ; Jianxia Zhang,
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Wang CL, Zhang SC, Qi SD, Zheng CC, Wu CA. Delayed germination of Arabidopsis seeds under chilling stress by overexpressing an abiotic stress inducible GhTPS11. Gene 2016; 575:206-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Koc I, Vatansever R, Ozyigit II, Filiz E. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Chilling-Induced Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.); a Data Analysis Study. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:792-811. [PMID: 26260485 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cold stress, as chilling (<20 °C) or freezing (<0 °C), is one of the frequently exposed stresses in cultivated plants like potato. Under cold stress, plants differentially modulate their gene expression to develop a cold tolerance/acclimation. In the present study, we aimed to identify the overall gene expression profile of chilling-stressed (+4 °C) potato at four time points (4, 8, 12, and 48 h), with a particular emphasis on the genes related with transcription factors (TFs), phytohormones, lipid metabolism, signaling pathway, and photosynthesis. A total of 3504 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at four time points of chilling-induced potato, of which 1397 were found to be up-regulated while 2107 were down-regulated. Heatmap showed that genes were mainly up-regulated at 4-, 8-, and 12-h time points; however, at 48-h time point, they inclined to down-regulate. Seventy five up-regulated TF genes were identified from 37 different families/groups, including mainly from bHLH, WRKY, CCAAT-binding, HAP3, and bZIP families. Protein kinases and calcium were major signaling molecules in cold-induced signaling pathway. A collaborated regulation of phytohormones was observed in chilling-stressed potato. Lipid metabolisms were regulated in a way, highly probably, to change membrane composition to avoid cold damage and render in signaling. A down-regulated gene expression profile was observed in photosynthesis pathway, probably resulting from chilling-induced reduced enzyme activity or light-triggered ROSs damage. The findings of this study will be a valuable theoretical knowledge in terms of understanding the chilling-induced tolerance mechanisms in cultivated potato plants as well as in other Solanum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Koc
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.,Crop Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
| | - R Vatansever
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - I I Ozyigit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Filiz
- Department of Crop and Animal Production, Cilimli Vocational School, Duzce University, 81750, Cilimli, Duzce, Turkey.
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Kang NK, Jeon S, Kwon S, Koh HG, Shin SE, Lee B, Choi GG, Yang JW, Jeong BR, Chang YK. Effects of overexpression of a bHLH transcription factor on biomass and lipid production in Nannochloropsis salina. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:200. [PMID: 26628914 PMCID: PMC4666162 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are considered promising alternative energy sources because they consume CO2 and accumulate large amounts of lipids that can be used as biofuel. Nannochloropsis is a particularly promising microalga due to its high growth rate and lipid content, and the availability of genomic information. Transcription factors (TFs) are global regulators of biological pathways by up- or down-regulation of related genes. Among these, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TFs regulate growth, development, and stress responses in plants and animals, and have been identified in microalgae. We identified two bHLH TFs in the genome of N. salina CCMP1776, NsbHLH1, and NsbHLH2, and characterized functions of NsbHLH2 that may be involved in growth and nutrient uptake. RESULTS We obtained NsbHLH2 overexpressing transformants of N. salina CCMP1776 by particle bombardment and confirmed that these were stable transformants. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting using antibodies against the FLAG tag that was attached at the end of the coding sequence confirmed the expression of the NsbHLH2 protein under various culture conditions. The qRT-PCR results also indicated that the endogenous and transgenic expression of NsbHLH2 was reduced under stressed conditions. Overexpression of NsbHLH2 led to increased growth rate in the early growth period, and concomitantly higher nutrient uptake, than wild type (WT). These enhanced growth and nutrient uptake resulted in increased productivities of biomass and FAME. For example, one of the transformants, NsbHLH2 3-6, showed increased biomass productivity by 36 % under the normal condition, and FAME productivity by 33 % under nitrogen limitation condition. Conclusively, the improved growth in the transformants can be associated with the enhanced nutrient uptake. We are currently assessing their potential for scale-up cultivation with positive outcomes. CONCLUSION Overexpression of NsbHLH2 led to enhanced growth rate and nutrient uptake during the early growth phase, and increased biomass and FAME productivity, especially in the later period under normal and stressed conditions. Based on these results, we postulate that NsbHLH2 can be employed for the industrial production of biodiesel from N. salina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Kyu Kang
- />Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjib Jeon
- />Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Kwon
- />Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gi Koh
- />Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Shin
- />Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Bongsoo Lee
- />Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Gang-Guk Choi
- />Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Yang
- />Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-ryool Jeong
- />Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Keun Chang
- />Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
- />Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
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Xu W, Jiao Y, Li R, Zhang N, Xiao D, Ding X, Wang Z. Chinese wild-growing Vitis amurensis ICE1 and ICE2 encode MYC-type bHLH transcription activators that regulate cold tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102303. [PMID: 25019620 PMCID: PMC4096504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Winter hardiness is an important trait for grapevine breeders and producers, so identification of the regulatory mechanisms involved in cold acclimation is of great potential value. The work presented here involves the identification of two grapevine ICE gene homologs, VaICE1 and VaICE2, from an extremely cold-tolerant accession of Chinese wild-growing Vitis amurnensis, which are phylogenetically related to other plant ICE1 genes. These two structurally different ICE proteins contain previously reported ICE-specific amino acid motifs, the bHLH-ZIP domain and the S-rich motif. Expression analysis revealed that VaICE1 is constitutively expressed but affected by cold stress, unlike VaICE2 that shows not such changed expression as a consequence of cold treatment. Both genes serve as transcription factors, potentiating the transactivation activities in yeasts and the corresponding proteins localized to the nucleus following transient expression in onion epidermal cells. Overexpression of either VaICE1 or VaICE2 in Arabidopsis increase freezing tolerance in nonacclimated plants. Moreover, we show that they result in multiple biochemical changes that were associated with cold acclimation: VaICE1/2-overexpressing plants had evaluated levels of proline, reduced contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased levels of electrolyte leakage. The expression of downstream cold responsive genes of CBF1, COR15A, and COR47 were significantly induced in Arabidopsis transgenically overexpressing VaICE1 or VaICE2 upon cold stress. VaICE2, but not VaICE1 overexpression induced KIN1 expression under cold-acclimation conditions. Our results suggest that VaICE1 and VaICE2 act as key regulators at an early step in the transcriptional cascade controlling freezing tolerance, and modulate the expression levels of various low-temperature associated genes involved in the C-repeat binding factor (CBF) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Xu
- School of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (WX); (ZW)
| | - Yuntong Jiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ruimin Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ningbo Zhang
- School of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Dongming Xiao
- School of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Ding
- School of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Zhenping Wang
- School of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (WX); (ZW)
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