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Alsharairi NA. A Review of Experimental Studies on Natural Chalcone-Based Therapeutic Targeting of Genes and Signaling Pathways in Type 2 Diabetes Complications. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:942. [PMID: 39062722 PMCID: PMC11276432 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a common chronic condition that presents as unsettled hyperglycemia (HG) and results from insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell dysfunction. T2DM is marked by an increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications, all of which can be the cause of increasing mortality. Diabetic nephropathy (DNE), neuropathy (DNU), and retinopathy (DR) are the most common complications of diabetic microangiopathy, while diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and peripheral vascular diseases are the major diabetic macroangiopathy complications. Chalcones (CHs) are in the flavonoid family and are commonly found in certain plant species as intermediate metabolites in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and their derivatives. Natural CHs with different substituents exert diverse therapeutic activities, including antidiabetic ones. However, the therapeutic mechanisms of natural CHs through influencing genes and/or signaling pathways in T2DM complications remain unknown. Therefore, this review summarizes the existing results from experimental models which highlight the mechanisms of natural CHs as therapeutic agents for T2DM complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser A Alsharairi
- Heart, Mind and Body Research Group, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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Sengani M, V B, Banerjee M, Choudhury AA, Chakraborty S, Ramasubbu K, Rajeswari V D, Al Obaid S, Alharbi SA, Subramani B, Brindhadevi K. Evaluation of the anti-diabetic effect of biogenic silver nanoparticles and intervention in PPARγ gene regulation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114408. [PMID: 36154863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study demonstrated a green, friendly, low-cost biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Kigelia africana leaves (Lam.) Benth. extract (KAE) as both a major capping and reducing agent. The produced AgNPs were characterized using a variety of analytical methods, like the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), HRTEM, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The formation of AgNPs with maximum absorbance at max = 435 nm was endorsed by surface plasmon resonance. FTIR analysis revealed that biological macromolecules of KAE were involved in the stabilization and synthesis of AgNPs. At the same time, HRTEM images revealed that the average particle size of the spherical AgNPs ranged from about 25 nm to 35 nm. Further, cytotoxicity assessment of AgNPs was done using the RINm5F insulinoma cell line with an MTT assay. Followed by, the RINm5F insulinoma cells treated with AgNPs and KAE, the expression of the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) gene was accessed. The results showed gene expression was upregulated in the RINm5F insulinoma cell line thus confirming AgNPs and KAE anti-diabetic efficacy. Furthermore, the findings show that nanotechnology has enhanced the effectiveness of current methodologies in gene expression and regulation which has contributed to the emergence of different forms of advanced regulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manimegalai Sengani
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram, Chennai, 600087, India
| | - Bavithra V
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manosi Banerjee
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abbas Alam Choudhury
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shreya Chakraborty
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanagavalli Ramasubbu
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devi Rajeswari V
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sami Al Obaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baskaran Subramani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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Rao P, S A, Masood G, Kusanur R, Niranjan V, Patra SM. Bioinformatics Study of Pioglitazone Analogues as Potential Anti-Diabetic Drugs. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816202205017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tungalag T, Park KW, Yang DK. Butein Ameliorates Oxidative Stress in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts through Activation of the NRF2 Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081430. [PMID: 35892632 PMCID: PMC9331242 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the antioxidant defense system, contributes to the pathogenesis of many heart diseases. Therefore, oxidative stress has been highlighted as a therapeutic target for heart disease treatment. Butein, a tetrahydroxychalcone, has potential biological activities, especially antioxidant properties. However, the effect of butein on oxidative-stressed heart cells has been poorly studied. Thus, we sought to identify the antioxidant effects of butein in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. To elucidate these antioxidant effects, various concentrations of butein were used to pretreat H9c2 cells prior to H2O2 treatment. Thereafter, measures of oxidative damages, such as ROS production, antioxidant expression levels, and apoptosis, were evaluated. Butein effectively increased cell viability and rescued the cells from oxidative damage through the inhibition of ROS production, apoptosis, and increased antioxidant expression. Furthermore, butein dramatically inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which are the main ROS inducers. Nrf2 protein translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus and consequently activated its target genes as oxidative stress suppressors. These findings demonstrate that butein has potential antioxidant effects in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, suggesting that it could be used as a therapeutic substance for the treatment of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsendsuren Tungalag
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea;
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Clinical Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.W.P.); (D.K.Y.)
| | - Dong Kwon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.W.P.); (D.K.Y.)
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Sandoval V, Sanz-Lamora H, Arias G, Marrero PF, Haro D, Relat J. Metabolic Impact of Flavonoids Consumption in Obesity: From Central to Peripheral. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2393. [PMID: 32785059 PMCID: PMC7469047 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevention and treatment of obesity is primary based on the follow-up of a healthy lifestyle, which includes a healthy diet with an important presence of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. For many years, the health benefits of polyphenols have been attributed to their anti-oxidant capacity as free radical scavengers. More recently it has been described that polyphenols activate other cell-signaling pathways that are not related to ROS production but rather involved in metabolic regulation. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge in this field by focusing on the metabolic effects of flavonoids. Flavonoids are widely distributed in the plant kingdom where they are used for growing and defensing. They are structurally characterized by two benzene rings and a heterocyclic pyrone ring and based on the oxidation and saturation status of the heterocyclic ring flavonoids are grouped in seven different subclasses. The present work is focused on describing the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic impact of flavonoids in obesity and obesity-related diseases. We described the effects of each group of flavonoids in liver, white and brown adipose tissue and central nervous system and the metabolic and signaling pathways involved on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Sandoval
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Hèctor Sanz-Lamora
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Giselle Arias
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Pedro F. Marrero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Haro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Relat
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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