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Yin J, Liu G, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Pan Y, Zhang Q, Yu R, Gao S. Gender differences in gliomas: From epidemiological trends to changes at the hormonal and molecular levels. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217114. [PMID: 38992488 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Gender plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of cancer, as well as in the metabolism of nutrients and energy. Men and women display significant differences in the incidence, prognosis, and treatment response across various types of cancer, including certain sex-specific tumors. It has been observed that male glioma patients have a higher incidence and worse prognosis than female patients, but there is currently a limited systematic evaluation of sex differences in gliomas. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the association between fluctuations in sex hormone levels and changes in their receptor expression with the incidence, progression, treatment, and prognosis of gliomas. Estrogen may have a protective effect on glioma patients, while exposure to androgens increases the risk of glioma. We also discussed the specific genetic and molecular differences between genders in terms of the malignant nature and prognosis of gliomas. Factors such as TP53, MGMT methylation status may play a crucial role. Therefore, it is essential to consider the gender of patients while treating glioma, particularly the differences at the hormonal and molecular levels. This approach can help in the adoption of an individualized treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Yin
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Gai Liu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Yuchun Pan
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Qiaoshan Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Shangfeng Gao
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
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Barzegar Behrooz A, Darzi Ramandi H, Latifi-Navid H, Peymani P, Tarharoudi R, Momeni N, Sabaghpour Azarian MM, Eltonsy S, Pour-Rashidi A, Ghavami S. Genetic Prognostic Factors in Adult Diffuse Gliomas: A 10-Year Experience at a Single Institution. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2121. [PMID: 38893240 PMCID: PMC11172038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are primary brain lesions involving cerebral structures without well-defined boundaries and constitute the most prevalent central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms. Among gliomas, glioblastoma (GB) is a glioma of the highest grade and is associated with a grim prognosis. We examined how clinical variables and molecular profiles may have affected overall survival (OS) over the past ten years. A retrospective study was conducted at Sina Hospital in Tehran, Iran and examined patients with confirmed glioma diagnoses between 2012 and 2020. We evaluated the correlation between OS in GB patients and sociodemographic as well as clinical factors and molecular profiling based on IDH1, O-6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT), TERTp, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification (EGFR-amp) status. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression models were used to assess patient survival. A total of 178 patients were enrolled in the study. The median OS was 20 months, with a 2-year survival rate of 61.0%. Among the 127 patients with available IDH measurements, 100 (78.7%) exhibited mutated IDH1 (IDH1-mut) tumors. Of the 127 patients with assessed MGMT promoter methylation (MGMTp-met), 89 (70.1%) had MGMT methylated tumors. Mutant TERTp (TERTp-mut) was detected in 20 out of 127 cases (15.7%), while wildtype TERTp (wildtype TERTp-wt) was observed in 107 cases (84.3%). Analyses using multivariable models revealed that age at histological grade (p < 0.0001), adjuvant radiotherapy (p < 0.018), IDH1 status (p < 0.043), and TERT-p status (p < 0.014) were independently associated with OS. Our study demonstrates that patients with higher tumor histological grades who had received adjuvant radiotherapy exhibited IDH1-mut or presented with TERTp-wt experienced improved OS. Besides, an interesting finding showed an association between methylation of MGMTp and TERTp status with tumor location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran;
- Brain Cancer Research Group, Department of Cancer, Asu Vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran; (R.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Hadi Darzi Ramandi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838623, Iran;
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 7155863511, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics, Asu Vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi-Navid
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran 1497716316, Iran
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 1953833511, Iran
| | - Payam Peymani
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (P.P.); (S.E.)
| | - Rahil Tarharoudi
- Brain Cancer Research Group, Department of Cancer, Asu Vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran; (R.T.); (N.M.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Nasrin Momeni
- Brain Cancer Research Group, Department of Cancer, Asu Vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran; (R.T.); (N.M.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | | | - Sherif Eltonsy
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (P.P.); (S.E.)
| | - Ahmad Pour-Rashidi
- Brain Cancer Research Group, Department of Cancer, Asu Vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran; (R.T.); (N.M.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Tan JY, Thong JY, Yeo YH, Mbenga K, Saleh S. Gender, Racial, and Geographical Disparities in Malignant Brain Tumor Mortality in the USA. Oncology 2024; 102:703-709. [PMID: 38281482 DOI: 10.1159/000536486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant brain tumors are malignancies which are known for their low survival rates. Despite advancements in treatments in the last decade, the disparities in malignant brain cancer mortality among the US population remain unclear. METHODS We analyzed death certificate data from the US CDC WONDER from 1999 to 2020 to determine the longitudinal trends of malignant brain tumor mortality. Malignant brain tumor (ICD-10 C71.0-71.9) was listed as the underlying cause of death. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 individuals were calculated by standardizing the AAMR to the year 2000 US population. RESULTS From 1999 to 2020, there were 306,375 deaths due to malignant brain tumors. The AAMR decreased from 5.57 (95% CI, 5.47-5.67) per 100,000 individuals in 1999 to 5.40 (95% CI, 5.31-5.48) per 100,000 individuals in 2020, with an annual percent decrease of -0.05 (95% CI, -0.22, 0.12). Whites had the highest AAMR (6.05 [95% CI, 6.02-6.07] per 100,000 individuals), followed by Hispanics (3.70 [95% CI, 3.64-3.76]) per 100,000 individuals, blacks (3.09 [95% CI, 3.04-3.14] per 100,000 individuals), American Indians (2.82 [95% CI, 2.64-3.00] per 100,000 individuals), and Asians (2.44 [95% CI, 2.38-2.50] per 100,000 individuals). The highest AAMRs were reported in the Midwest region (5.58 [95% CI, 5.54-5.62] per 100,000 individuals) and the rural regions (5.66 [95% CI, 5.61-5.71] per 100,000 individuals). CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the mortality disparity among different races, geographic regions, and urbanization levels. The findings underscore the importance of addressing the disparities in malignant brain tumors that existed among males, white individuals, and rural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yi Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College at Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jia Yean Thong
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Hao Yeo
- Department of Internal Medicine/Pediatrics, Corewell Health, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelly Mbenga
- St George's University School of Medicine, St George's, Grenada
| | - Sabera Saleh
- St George's University School of Medicine, St George's, Grenada
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Hirtz A, Rech F, Dubois-Pot-Schneider H, Dumond H. Estrogen signaling in healthy and tumor brain. Steroids 2023; 199:109285. [PMID: 37543222 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Sex-specific differences in brain organization and function are widely explored in multidisciplinary studies, ranging from sociology and biology to digital modelling. In addition, there is growing evidence that natural or disturbed hormonal environments play a crucial role in the onset of brain disorders and pathogenesis. For example, steroid hormones, but also enzymes involved in steroidogenesis and receptors triggering hormone signaling are key players of gliomagenesis. In the present review we summarize the current knowledge about steroid hormone, particularly estrogens synthesis and signaling, in normal brain compared to the tumor brain. We will focus on two key molecular players, aromatase and the G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor, GPER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hirtz
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Fabien Rech
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurochirurgie, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | | | - Hélène Dumond
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France.
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Maye H, Balogun J, Waqar M, Heal C, McSorley N, D'Urso P, Coope D, Bailey M, Karabatsou K. Do the indices of deprivation or smoking affect post-operative 1-year mortality in patients undergoing a craniotomy for a brain tumour in a public healthcare system? Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023:10.1007/s00701-023-05582-x. [PMID: 37162609 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the 1-year survival following craniotomy for tumour resection in a public healthcare system and analyse the effect of indices of multiple deprivation (IMD) as well as smoking, alcohol, BMI, ASA grade and medical co-morbidities on post-operative morbidity and mortality. METHODS This is a retrospective, single-centre study in a high volume neurosurgical centre, over a 2-year period. All patients undergoing a craniotomy for a brain tumour were included. Data was collected from the neuro-oncology database and electronic patient records. Individual patient IMD data was obtained using their postcode from a national government database. Each English postcode being ranked from 1 to 32,844, with 1 being the most deprived and 32,844 the most affluent. Descriptive results are described along with further data analysis using multiple linear and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS 630 patients underwent an elective or urgent craniotomy for tumour. 10% of all patients underwent urgent surgery. 68% (95% CI: 64 to 71%) survived at least 1-year post-surgery. Our study found that social deprivation (IMD postcode rank) was not associated with mortality at 1 year after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Those from decile 1 had the lowest risk of death at 12 months for all tumour types (p = 0.0070). Previous smokers carried an increased risk of death at 12 months when compared with people who had never smoked RR 1.40 CI 1.10-1.78 (p = 0.006) but this risk was not evident in current smokers RR 0.92 CI 0.65-1.31 (p = 0.64). Increasing age and male gender were also found to be associated with higher mortality at 1 year (p = < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In the UK despite the discrepancy in the health of the general population between the north and south, social deprivation does not appear to be detrimental to neurooncological outcomes although smoking status, advancing age and male sex are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Maye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stott Lane, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK.
| | - James Balogun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stott Lane, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mueez Waqar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stott Lane, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Calvin Heal
- Centre for Biostatistics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nathan McSorley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stott Lane, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Pietro D'Urso
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stott Lane, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| | - David Coope
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stott Lane, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Matthew Bailey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stott Lane, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Konstantina Karabatsou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stott Lane, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
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The Pathological Activation of Microglia Is Modulated by Sexually Dimorphic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054739. [PMID: 36902168 PMCID: PMC10003784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the primary immunocompetent cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Their ability to survey, assess and respond to perturbations in their local environment is critical in their role of maintaining CNS homeostasis in health and disease. Microglia also have the capability of functioning in a heterogeneous manner depending on the nature of their local cues, as they can become activated on a spectrum from pro-inflammatory neurotoxic responses to anti-inflammatory protective responses. This review seeks to define the developmental and environmental cues that support microglial polarization towards these phenotypes, as well as discuss sexually dimorphic factors that can influence this process. Further, we describe a variety of CNS disorders including autoimmune disease, infection, and cancer that demonstrate disparities in disease severity or diagnosis rates between males and females, and posit that microglial sexual dimorphism underlies these differences. Understanding the mechanism behind differential CNS disease outcomes between men and women is crucial in the development of more effective targeted therapies.
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Innocenti L, Ortenzi V, Scarpitta R, Montemurro N, Pasqualetti F, Asseri R, Lazzi S, Szumera-Cieckiewicz A, De Ieso K, Perrini P, Naccarato AG, Scatena C, Fanelli GN. The Prognostic Impact of Gender, Therapeutic Strategies, Molecular Background, and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Glioblastoma: A Still Unsolved Jigsaw. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:501. [PMID: 36833428 PMCID: PMC9956148 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the adoption of novel therapeutical approaches, the outcomes for glioblastoma (GBM) patients remain poor. In the present study, we investigated the prognostic impact of several clinico-pathological and molecular features as well as the role of the cellular immune response in a series of 59 GBM. CD4+ and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were digitally assessed on tissue microarray cores and their prognostic role was investigated. Moreover, the impact of other clinico-pathological features was evaluated. The number of CD4+ and CD8+ is higher in GBM tissue compared to normal brain tissue (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0005 respectively). A positive correlation between CD4+ and CD8+ in GBM is present (rs = 0.417-p = 0.001). CD4+ TILs are inversely related to overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.1-3.1, p = 0.035). The presence of low CD4+ TILs combined with low CD8+ TILs is an independent predictor of longer OS (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.18-0.79, p = 0.014). Female sex is independently related to longer OS (HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.22-0.77, p = 0.006). Adjuvant treatment, methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation, and age remain important prognostic factors but are influenced by other features. Adaptive cell-mediated immunity can affect the outcomes of GBM patients. Further studies are needed to elucidate the commitment of the CD4+ cells and the effects of different TILs subpopulations in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Innocenti
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Ortenzi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosa Scarpitta
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Pasqualetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 4BH, UK
| | - Roberta Asseri
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Lazzi
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Szumera-Cieckiewicz
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katia De Ieso
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Perrini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Giuseppe Naccarato
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristian Scatena
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Papp L, Rasul S, Spielvogel CP, Krajnc D, Poetsch N, Woehrer A, Patronas EM, Ecsedi B, Furtner J, Mitterhauser M, Rausch I, Widhalm G, Beyer T, Hacker M, Traub-Weidinger T. Sex-specific radiomic features of L-[S-methyl- 11C] methionine PET in patients with newly-diagnosed gliomas in relation to IDH1 predictability. Front Oncol 2023; 13:986788. [PMID: 36816966 PMCID: PMC9936222 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.986788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amino-acid positron emission tomography (PET) is a validated metabolic imaging approach for the diagnostic work-up of gliomas. This study aimed to evaluate sex-specific radiomic characteristics of L-[S-methyl-11Cmethionine (MET)-PET images of glioma patients in consideration of the prognostically relevant biomarker isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status. Methods MET-PET of 35 astrocytic gliomas (13 females, mean age 41 ± 13 yrs. and 22 males, mean age 46 ± 17 yrs.) and known IDH mutation status were included. All patients underwent radiomic analysis following imaging biomarker standardization initiative (IBSI)-conform guidelines both from standardized uptake value (SUV) and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) PET values. Aligned Monte Carlo (MC) 100-fold split was utilized for SUV and TBR dataset pairs for both sex and IDH-specific analysis. Borderline and outlier scores were calculated for both sex and IDH-specific MC folds. Feature ranking was performed by R-squared ranking and Mann-Whitney U-test together with Bonferroni correction. Correlation of SUV and TBR radiomics in relation to IDH mutational status in male and female patients were also investigated. Results There were no significant features in either SUV or TBR radiomics to distinguish female and male patients. In contrast, intensity histogram coefficient of variation (ih.cov) and intensity skewness (stat.skew) were identified as significant to predict IDH +/-. In addition, IDH+ females had significant ih.cov deviation (0.031) and mean stat.skew (-0.327) differences compared to IDH+ male patients (0.068 and -0.123, respectively) with two-times higher standard deviations of the normal brain background MET uptake as well. Discussion We demonstrated that female and male glioma patients have significantly different radiomic profiles in MET PET imaging data. Future IDH prediction models shall not be built on mixed female-male cohorts, but shall rely on sex-specific cohorts and radiomic imaging biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Papp
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sazan Rasul
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens P. Spielvogel
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics , Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Denis Krajnc
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Poetsch
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Woehrer
- Clinical Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Patronas
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Boglarka Ecsedi
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Furtner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivo Rausch
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Widhalm
- Clinical University of Neuro-Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Beyer
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana Traub-Weidinger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Tatjana Traub-Weidinger,
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Qin S, Yuan Y, Liu H, Pu Y, Chen K, Wu Y, Su Z. Identification and characterization of sex-dependent gene expression profile in glioblastoma. Neuropathology 2023; 43:72-83. [PMID: 35789505 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary tumor in the human brain and lacks favorable treatment options. Sex differences in the outcome of GBM are broadly acknowledged, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. To identify the sex-dependent critical genes in the progression of GBM, raw data from several microarray datasets with the same array platform were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. These datasets included tumorous and normal tissue from patients with GBM and crucial sex features. Then, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in female and male tumors were identified via bioinformatics analysis, respectively. Functional signatures of the identified DEGs were further annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses. Venn diagram and functional protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed to screen out the sex-specific DEGs. Survival analysis of patients with differences in the expression level of selected genes was then carried out using the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Here, we showed that ECT2, AURKA, TYMS, CDK1, NCAPH, CENPU, OIP5, KIF14, ASPM, FBXO5, SGOL2, CASC5, SHCBP1, FN1, LOX, IGFBP3, CSPG4, and CD44 were enriched in female tumor samples, whereas TNFSF13B, CXCL10, CXCL8, CXCR4, TLR2, CCL2, and FCGR2A were enriched in male tumor samples. Among these key genes, interestingly, ECT2 was associated with increased an survival rate for female patients, whileTNFSF13B could be regarded as a potential marker of poor prognosis in male patients. These results suggested that sex differences in patients may be attributed to the heterogeneous gene activity, which might influence the oncogenesis and the outcomes of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyao Qin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyan Pu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kefu Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhida Su
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Chaulagain D, Smolanka V, Smolanka A, Munakomi S. The Impact of Extent of Resection on the Prognosis of Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose:
To investigate the predictor factors of mortality describing the prognosis of primary surgical resection of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM).
Materials and Methods:
A systemic search was conducted from electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) from inception to 12th September 2021. All statistical analysis was conducted in Review Manager 5.4.1. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were selected. A random-effect model was used when heterogeneity was seen to pool the studies, and the result were reported in the Hazards Ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% Confidence interval (CI).
Result:
Twenty-three cohort studies were selected for meta-analysis. There was statistically significant effect of extent of resection on prognosis of surgery in GBM patients (HR= 0.90 [0.86, 0.95]; p< 0.0001; I2= 96%), male gender (HR= 1.19 [1.06, 1.34]; p= 0.002; I2= 0%) and decrease Karnofsky Performance Status (HR= 0.97 [0.95, 0.99]; p= 0.003; I2= 90%). Age and tumor volume was also analyzed in the study.
Conclusion:
The results of our meta-analysis suggested that age, gender, pre-operative KPS score and extent of resection have significant effects on the post-surgical mortality rate, therefore, these factors can be used significant predictor of mortality in GBM patients.
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11
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Jin K, Zhang SY, Li LW, Zou YF, Wu B, Xia L, Sun CX. Prognosis of Oligodendroglioma Patients Stratified by Age: A SEER Population-Based Analysis. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9523-9536. [PMID: 34916834 PMCID: PMC8668228 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s337227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glioma may affect patients of any age. So far, only a limited number of big data studies have been conducted concerning oligodendroglioma (OG) in diverse age groups. This study evaluated the risk factors for OG in different age groups using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database built by the National Cancer Institute, which is part of the National Institutes of Health. Patients and Methods A total of 5437 cases within the SEER database were included. These patients were divided into seven age groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed for survival analysis. The independent risk factors for the survival of OG patients were identified using the Cox regression model. A nomogram was drawn with R software based on the independent risk factors. The X-tile software was adopted to find the optimal age group at diagnosis. Results The all-cause mortality and the tumor-specific mortality increased with age. The univariate analysis showed that the patients' age, gender, primary lesion location, side affected by the primary lesion (left or right), surgery for the primary lesion, and tumor size were correlated with survival (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age was an independent risk factor for the survival of OG patients (P<0.05). The optimal cutoff value of age in terms of overall survival (OS) and cause-specific survival (CSS) were identified as 48 and 61 years and 48 and 59 years, respectively. Conclusion The older the age, the worse the survival would be. That's, the mortality increased with age. In the clinic, healthcare professionals should be fully aware of the variability in the prognosis of OG patients in different age groups. Therefore, individualized treatments are recommended to OG patients in different age groups to optimize the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Wen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Fan Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Xing Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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12
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Shieh LT, Ho CH, Guo HR, Huang CC, Ho YC, Ho SY. Epidemiologic Features, Survival, and Prognostic Factors Among Patients With Different Histologic Variants of Glioblastoma: Analysis of a Nationwide Database. Front Neurol 2021; 12:659921. [PMID: 34899553 PMCID: PMC8651548 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.659921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary intracranial malignancy. Previous studies found incidence of GBM varies substantially by age, sex, race and ethnicity, and survival also varies by country, ethnicity, and treatment. Gliosarcoma (GSM) and giant cell glioblastoma (GC-GBM) are different histologic variants of GBM with distinct clinico-pathologic entities. We conducted a study to compare epidemiology, survival, and prognostic factors among the three. Methods: We identified GBM patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2016 using the Taiwan Cancer Registry and followed them using the death registry. Survival was compared among conventional GBM and two histologic variants. The potential confounding factors evaluated in this study included registered year, age, sex, and treatment modality (resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy). Results: We enrolled 3,895 patients, including 3,732 (95.8%) with conventional GBM, 102 (2.6%) with GSM, and 61 (1.6%) with GC-GBM. GC-GBM patients had younger mean age at diagnosis (49.5 years) than conventional GBM patients (58.7 years) and GSM patients (61.3 years) (p < 0.01). The three groups had similar sex distributions (p = 0.29). GC-GBM had a longer median survival [18.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 15.8–25.3 months] than conventional GBM (12.5, 95%CI: 12.0–13.0 months) and GSM (12.8, 95%CI: 9.2–16.2 months), and the differences in overall survival did not attain statistical significance (p = 0.08, log-rank test). In univariate analysis, GC-GBM had better survival than conventional GBM, but the hazard ratio (0.91) did not reach statistical significance (95%CI: 0.69–1.20) in the multivariate analysis. Young ages (≤ 40 years), female sex, resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were factors associated with better survival in overall GBMs. In subtype analyses, these factors remained statistically significant for conventional GBM, as well as radiotherapy for GSM. Conclusion: Our analysis found conventional GBM and its variants shared similar poor survival. Factors with age ≤ 40 years, female sex, resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were associated with better prognosis in conventional GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tsun Shieh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - How-Ran Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Ho
- Departement of Medical Education, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yow Ho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
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13
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Hirtz A, Lebourdais N, Rech F, Bailly Y, Vaginay A, Smaïl-Tabbone M, Dubois-Pot-Schneider H, Dumond H. GPER Agonist G-1 Disrupts Tubulin Dynamics and Potentiates Temozolomide to Impair Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123438. [PMID: 34943948 PMCID: PMC8699794 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common brain tumor in adults, which is very aggressive, with a very poor prognosis that affects men twice as much as women, suggesting that female hormones (estrogen) play a protective role. With an in silico approach, we highlighted that the expression of the membrane G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) had an impact on GBM female patient survival. In this context, we explored for the first time the role of the GPER agonist G-1 on GBM cell proliferation. Our results suggested that G-1 exposure had a cytostatic effect, leading to reversible G2/M arrest, due to tubulin polymerization blockade during mitosis. However, the observed effect was independent of GPER. Interestingly, G-1 potentiated the efficacy of temozolomide, the current standard chemotherapy treatment, since the combination of both treatments led to prolonged mitotic arrest, even in a temozolomide less-sensitive cell line. In conclusion, our results suggested that G-1, in combination with standard chemotherapy, might be a promising way to limit the progression and aggressiveness of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hirtz
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.H.); (N.L.); (F.R.); (Y.B.); (A.V.); (H.D.-P.-S.)
| | - Nolwenn Lebourdais
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.H.); (N.L.); (F.R.); (Y.B.); (A.V.); (H.D.-P.-S.)
| | - Fabien Rech
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.H.); (N.L.); (F.R.); (Y.B.); (A.V.); (H.D.-P.-S.)
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurochirurgie, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Yann Bailly
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.H.); (N.L.); (F.R.); (Y.B.); (A.V.); (H.D.-P.-S.)
| | - Athénaïs Vaginay
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.H.); (N.L.); (F.R.); (Y.B.); (A.V.); (H.D.-P.-S.)
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | | | - Hélène Dubois-Pot-Schneider
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.H.); (N.L.); (F.R.); (Y.B.); (A.V.); (H.D.-P.-S.)
| | - Hélène Dumond
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.H.); (N.L.); (F.R.); (Y.B.); (A.V.); (H.D.-P.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-372746115
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14
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Lopez-Garcia CA, Lopez-Rivera V, Dono A, Salazar-Marioni S, Novo JE, Sheth SA, Ballester LY, Esquenazi Y. Hormone exposure and its suppressive effect on risk of high-grade gliomas among patients with breast cancer. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 94:200-203. [PMID: 34863438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior reports demonstrate the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in high-grade gliomas (HGGs), but the relationship between hormone receptor-positive disease and risk of HHGs in patients with breast cancer (BC) remains uncharacterized. METHODS Using the SEER 18 registries (2000-2017), we examined the temporal trend of the incidence of HGGs and BC. The standardized incidence ratio was calculated to assess the risk of subsequent HGG in BC patients. RESULTS During the study period, the incidence of BC and HGGs remained comparable for men and women. Among 976,134 patients with BC, we found a decreased incidence of HGGs in females, but not in males. Female BC patients with hormone receptor-positive disease were at a lower risk of developing glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma. CONCLUSION Our study findings allude to the protective role of hormone exposure in the development of HGGs, which may lead to the development of therapies targeting hormonal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Victor Lopez-Rivera
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonio Dono
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sergio Salazar-Marioni
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jorge E Novo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Northwestern, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sunil A Sheth
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leomar Y Ballester
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Yoshua Esquenazi
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Center of Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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15
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Estrogen Receptors as Molecular Targets of Endocrine Therapy for Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212404. [PMID: 34830286 PMCID: PMC8626012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormonal factors may participate in the development and progression of glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system. Many studies have been conducted on the possible involvement of estrogen receptors (ERs) in gliomas. Since there is a tendency for a reduced expression of ERs as the degree of malignancy of such tumors increases, it is important to understand the role of these receptors in the progression and treatment of this disease. ERs belong to the family of nuclear receptors, although they can also be in the plasmatic membrane, cytoplasm and mitochondria. They are classified as estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ER⍺ and ERβ), each with different isoforms that have a distinct function in the organism. ERs regulate multiple physiological and pathological processes through the activation of genomic and nongenomic pathways in the cell. Nevertheless, the role of each isoform in the development and progression of glioblastoma is not completely clear. Diverse in vitro and in vivo studies have shown encouraging results for endocrine therapy as a treatment for gliomas. At the same time, many questions have arisen concerning the nature of ERs as well as the mechanism of action of the proposed drugs. Hence, the aim of the current review is to describe the drugs that could possibly be utilized in endocrine therapy for the treatment of high-grade gliomas, analyze their interaction with ERs, and explore the involvement of these drugs and receptors in resistance to standard chemotherapy.
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16
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Levy S, Guttmann-Beck N, Shweiki D. Clustering Alzheimer's Disease Gene Expression Dataset Reveals Underlying Sexually Dimorphic and Disease Status Profiles. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:541-547. [PMID: 34514337 PMCID: PMC8385427 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The multiple appearance phenotypes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are manifested in epidemiologic sexual dimorphism, variation in age of onset, progress, and severity of the disease. Objective In this study, we focused on sexual dimorphism, aiming to untie some of the complex interconnections in AD between sex, disease status, and gene expression profiles. Two strategic decisions guided our study: 1) to value transcriptomic multi-layered profiles over alterations in single genes expression; and 2) to embrace a sexual dimorphism centered approach, as we suspect that transcriptomic profiles may dramatically differ not only between healthy and sick individuals but between men and women as well. Methods Microarray dataset GSE15222, fulfilling our strict criteria, was retrieved from the GEO repository. We performed cluster analysis for each sex separately, comparing the proportion of healthy and AD individuals in each cluster. Results We were able to identify a biased, female, AD-typified cluster. Furthermore, we showed that this female AD-typified cluster is highly similar to one of the male clusters. While the female cluster constitutes mostly sick individuals, the male cluster constitutes healthy and sick individuals in almost identical proportion. Conclusion Our results clearly indicate that similar transcriptomic profiles in the two sexes are "physiologically translated" in to a very different, dramatic outcome. Thus, our results suggest the need for a sex-based and transcriptomic profile-based study, for a better understanding of the onset and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Levy
- Statistics Education Unit, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nili Guttmann-Beck
- Statistics Education Unit, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dorit Shweiki
- Bioinformatics Program, School of Computer Science, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel
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17
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Daswani B, Khan Y. Insights into the role of estrogens and androgens in glial tumorigenesis. J Carcinog 2021; 20:10. [PMID: 34526856 PMCID: PMC8411981 DOI: 10.4103/jcar.jcar_2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are more common in males than in females. Emerging evidence from several studies in vitro and in vivo have shown the role of estrogens and androgens in glial tumorigenesis. In recent times, studies have also shed light on the actions of estrogen receptors, alpha and beta, and androgen receptor. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the research hitherto on estrogens and androgens along with an emphasis on their receptors in glioma pathophysiology. Studies with conflicting results are discussed and future possibilities are put forward. A collective understanding of the studies on these steroid hormones in glioma may serve to create an amalgamated therapeutic approach; and thereby, augment the efforts in tackling this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Daswani
- Department of Life Sciences, Sophia College (Autonomous), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yasmin Khan
- Department of Life Sciences, Sophia College (Autonomous), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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18
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Carrano A, Juarez JJ, Incontri D, Ibarra A, Cazares HG. Sex-Specific Differences in Glioblastoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071783. [PMID: 34359952 PMCID: PMC8303471 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences have been well identified in many brain tumors. Even though glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and has the worst outcome, well-established differences between men and women are limited to incidence and outcome. Little is known about sex differences in GBM at the disease phenotype and genetical/molecular level. This review focuses on a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of GBM, including hormones, metabolic pathways, the immune system, and molecular changes, along with differences between men and women and how these dimorphisms affect disease outcome. The information analyzed in this review shows a greater incidence and worse outcome in male patients with GBM compared with female patients. We highlight the protective role of estrogen and the upregulation of androgen receptors and testosterone having detrimental effects on GBM. Moreover, hormones and the immune system work in synergy to directly affect the GBM microenvironment. Genetic and molecular differences have also recently been identified. Specific genes and molecular pathways, either upregulated or downregulated depending on sex, could potentially directly dictate GBM outcome differences. It appears that sexual dimorphism in GBM affects patient outcome and requires an individualized approach to management considering the sex of the patient, especially in relation to differences at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carrano
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Juan Jose Juarez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Edo. de México, Mexico; (J.J.J.); (D.I.); (A.I.)
| | - Diego Incontri
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Edo. de México, Mexico; (J.J.J.); (D.I.); (A.I.)
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Edo. de México, Mexico; (J.J.J.); (D.I.); (A.I.)
| | - Hugo Guerrero Cazares
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Montemurro N, Fanelli GN, Scatena C, Ortenzi V, Pasqualetti F, Mazzanti CM, Morganti R, Paiar F, Naccarato AG, Perrini P. Surgical outcome and molecular pattern characterization of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: A single-center retrospective series. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 207:106735. [PMID: 34119900 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of the disease, the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains poor. While the value of molecular pattern profiles at first diagnosis has been demonstrated, only few studies have examined these biomarkers at the time of recurrence. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of extent of resection at repeated craniotomy on overall survival (OS) of patients with recurrent GBM. In addition, we investigated the molecular pattern profiles at first and second surgery to evaluate possible temporal evolution of these patterns and to assess the effect of these modifications on OS. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 63 patients (mean age 59.2 years) surgically treated at least two times for recurrent GBM between 2006 and 2020. RESULTS Median OS and progression-free survival (PFS) were 22 months (range 2-168 months) and 10 months (range 1-96 months), respectively. The OS following gross-total resection (GTR) at recurrence for patients with initial GTR (GTR/GTR) was significantly increased (42.6 months) compared with sub-total resection (STR) at reoperation after initial GTR (GTR/STR) (19 months) and with GTR at reoperation after initial STR (STR/GTR) (17 months) (p = 0.0004). Overall surgical morbidity resulted 12.7% and 11.1% at first and at second surgery, respectively. Changes in genetic profiles between first and second surgery of 1p/19q co-deletion, MGMT promoter methylation and p53 mutations occurred in 5.6%, 1.9% and 9.3% of cases, respectively. MGMT promoter methylation appeared to affect OS in univariate analysis at first (p = 0.038) and second surgery (p = 0.107), whereas p53 mutation appeared to affect OS only at second surgery (p = 0.01). In a multivariate analysis female sex (HR = 0.322, 95% CI 0.147-0.705; p = 0.005), PFS (HR = 0.959, 95% CI 0.934-0.986; p = 0.003), GTR at first and second surgery (HR = 0.195, 95% CI 0.091-0.419; p < 0.0001) and adjuvant chemotherapy at recurrence (HR = 0.407, 95% CI 0.206-0.809; p = 0.01) were associated with longer OS. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the role of extent of resection (EOR) at first and at recurrence as a significant predictor of outcome in patients with recurrent GBM. In addition, this study highlighted the concept of a dynamic evolution of GBM genome after initial surgical resection, supporting the need of further studies to investigate the clinical and therapeutic implications of the changes in genetic profiles after initial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Montemurro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy; Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Division of Surgical Pathology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristian Scatena
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Division of Surgical Pathology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Ortenzi
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Pasqualetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Morganti
- Clinical Trial Statistical Support, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabiola Paiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Giuseppe Naccarato
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Division of Surgical Pathology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Perrini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy; Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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20
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Llaguno-Munive M, Vazquez-Lopez MI, Jurado R, Garcia-Lopez P. Mifepristone Repurposing in Treatment of High-Grade Gliomas. Front Oncol 2021; 11:606907. [PMID: 33680961 PMCID: PMC7930566 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.606907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common and aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system. The standard treatment for malignant gliomas is surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy. Unfortunately, this treatment has not produced an adequate patient response, resulting in a median survival time of 12–15 months and a 5-year overall survival of <5%. Although new strategies have been sought to enhance patient response, no significant increase in the global survival of glioma patients has been achieved. The option of developing new drugs implies a long and costly process, making drug repurposing a more practical alternative for improving glioma treatment. In the last few years, researchers seeking more effective cancer therapy have pursued the possibility of using anti-hormonal agents, such as mifepristone. The latter drug, an antagonist for progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors, has several attractive features: anti-tumor activity, low cytotoxicity to healthy cells, and modulation of the chemosensitivity of several cancer cell lines in vitro. Hence, the addition of mifepristone to temozolomide-based glioblastoma chemotherapy may lead to a better patient response. The mechanisms by which mifepristone enhances glioma treatment are not yet known. The current review aims to discuss the potential role of mifepristone as an adjuvant drug for the treatment of high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Llaguno-Munive
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Ines Vazquez-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Jurado
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Garcia-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
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21
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Sareddy GR, Pratap UP, Venkata PP, Zhou M, Alejo S, Viswanadhapalli S, Tekmal RR, Brenner AJ, Vadlamudi RK. Activation of estrogen receptor beta signaling reduces stemness of glioma stem cells. Stem Cells 2021; 39:536-550. [PMID: 33470499 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadliest tumor of the central nervous system. GBM has poor prognosis and glioma stem cells (GSCs) are implicated in tumor initiation and therapy resistance. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is expressed in GBM and exhibit tumor suppressive function. However, the role of ERβ in GSCs and the therapeutic potential of ERβ agonists on GSCs remain largely unknown. Here, we examined whether ERβ modulates GSCs stemness and tested the utility of two ERβ selective agonists (LY500307 and Liquiritigenin) to reduce the stemness of GSCs. The efficacy of ERβ agonists was examined on GSCs isolated from established and patient derived GBMs. Our results suggested that knockout of ERβ increased the proportion of CD133+ and SSEA+ positive GSCs and overexpression of ERβ reduced the proportion of GSCs in GBM cells. Overexpression of ERβ or treatment with ERβ agonists significantly inhibited the GSCs cell viability, neurosphere formation, self-renewal ability, induced the apoptosis and reduced expression of stemness markers in GSCs. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that ERβ agonist modulate pathways related to stemness, differentiation and apoptosis. Mechanistic studies showed that ERβ overexpression or agonist treatment reduced glutamate receptor signaling pathway and induced apoptotic pathways. In orthotopic models, ERβ overexpression or ERβ agonists treatment significantly reduced the GSCs mediated tumor growth and improved the mice overall survival. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that ERβ overexpression decreased SOX2 and GRM3 expression and increased expression of GFAP in tumors. These results suggest that ERβ activation could be a promising therapeutic strategy to eradicate GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangadhara R Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Uday P Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Prabhakar Pitta Venkata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha Shi, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Salvador Alejo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Rajeshwar R Tekmal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew J Brenner
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Hematology & Oncology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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22
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Astrocytoma: A Hormone-Sensitive Tumor? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239114. [PMID: 33266110 PMCID: PMC7730176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytomas and, in particular, their most severe form, glioblastoma, are the most aggressive primary brain tumors and those with the poorest vital prognosis. Standard treatment only slightly improves patient survival. Therefore, new therapies are needed. Very few risk factors have been clearly identified but many epidemiological studies have reported a higher incidence in men than women with a sex ratio of 1:4. Based on these observations, it has been proposed that the neurosteroids and especially the estrogens found in higher concentrations in women's brains could, in part, explain this difference. Estrogens can bind to nuclear or membrane receptors and potentially stimulate many different interconnected signaling pathways. The study of these receptors is even more complex since many isoforms are produced from each estrogen receptor encoding gene through alternative promoter usage or splicing, with each of them potentially having a specific role in the cell. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent data supporting the involvement of steroids during gliomagenesis and to focus on the potential neuroprotective role as well as the mechanisms of action of estrogens in gliomas.
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23
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Costa AR, Lança de Oliveira M, Cruz I, Gonçalves I, Cascalheira JF, Santos CRA. The Sex Bias of Cancer. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:785-799. [PMID: 32900596 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In hormone-dependent organs, sex hormones and dysregulated hormone signaling have well-documented roles in cancers of the breast and female reproductive organs including endometrium and ovary, as well as in prostate and testicular cancers in males. Strikingly, epidemiological data highlight significant differences between the sexes in the incidence of various cancers in nonreproductive organs, where the role of sex hormones has been less well studied. In an era when personalized medicine is gaining recognition, understanding the molecular, cellular, and biological differences between men and women is timely for developing more appropriate therapeutic interventions according to gender. We review evidence that sex hormones also shape many of the dysregulated cellular and molecular pathways that lead to cell proliferation and cancer in nonreproductive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Costa
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - Inês Cruz
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - José Francisco Cascalheira
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal.
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24
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Peila R, Arthur RS, Rohan TE. Association of Sex Hormones with Risk of Cancers of the Pancreas, Kidney, and Brain in the UK Biobank Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1832-1836. [PMID: 32581113 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some evidence to suggest that endogenous levels of sex hormones might influence the etiology of cancers of the pancreas, kidney, and brain, but epidemiologic data are lacking. METHODS We evaluated the association of circulating levels of total and free testosterone, and of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), with the risk of cancers of the pancreas, kidney, and brain, and of total and free estradiol with the risk of kidney cancer, in the UK Biobank cohort study (n = 425,793; 225 pancreatic cancers, 749 kidney cancers, 467 brain cancers). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals for the associations. RESULTS Testosterone and SHBG levels were not associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. Most of the associations for the other two anatomic sites were null. There were inverse associations between total testosterone and brain cancer in men and between SHBG and risk of kidney cancer in the total sample and in women. Estradiol was not associated with the risk of kidney cancer. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide little support for associations between sex hormones/SHBG and risk of cancers of the pancreas, kidney, and brain. Larger studies are warranted. IMPACT Although these results provide little support for roles for sex hormones and SHBG in the etiology of cancers of the pancreas, kidney, and brain, there is a need for studies with larger numbers of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Peila
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
| | - Rhonda S Arthur
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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25
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Hönikl LS, Lämmer F, Gempt J, Meyer B, Schlegel J, Delbridge C. High expression of estrogen receptor alpha and aromatase in glial tumor cells is associated with gender-independent survival benefits in glioblastoma patients. J Neurooncol 2020; 147:567-575. [PMID: 32240464 PMCID: PMC7256026 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant glial tumor, affecting men more often than women. The reason for this gender-specific predominance remains unclear, raising the question whether these effects are subject to hormonal control. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and aromatase in human GBM tissue samples in relation to patient survival and furthermore to investigate the effect of standard chemotherapy in combination with estradiol treatment on glioblastoma tumor cell lines in vitro. Methods 60 tissue samples (31 male, 29 female) of GBM patients were analysed with immunohistochemistry for ERα and aromatase for survival analyses. The cell lines LN18 and LN229 were treated with 17β-estradiol (E2) in different dosing regimens and the cell viability was measured with MTT assay. After estradiol pre-treatment Temozolomide was added and tested again. Results High expression of ERα and aromatase in the GBM tissue samples was associated with significantly longer survival times of GBM patients, regardless of gender and body-mass-index. The treatment with high concentrations of estradiol resulted in lower tumor cell viability, compared to control. The cells significantly showed a stronger sensitivity against Temozolomid (TMZ) after estradiol pre-treatment. Conclusion ERα-expression of glial tumour cells seems to play an important prognostic role as a biomarker in GBM, as well as the expression of the enzyme Aromatase. The combined treatment of GBM with standard chemotherapy and estradiol may be beneficial to patient’s survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Stefanie Hönikl
- Department of Neuropathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Friederike Lämmer
- Department of Neuropathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schlegel
- Department of Neuropathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claire Delbridge
- Department of Neuropathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Fu W, Zhao P, Li H, Fu H, Liu X, Liu Y, Wu J, Fu W. Bazedoxifene enhances paclitaxel efficacy to suppress glioblastoma via altering Hippo/YAP pathway. J Cancer 2020; 11:657-667. [PMID: 31942189 PMCID: PMC6959043 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is an aggressive type of brain tumor originated from astrocytes. Owing to the limited therapeutic options, intensive efforts are still being made to find novel treatments for GBM. In this study, we first identified that bazedoxifene bore the ability to reduce cell survival and cell invasion of glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, our results also revealed that bazedoxifene combining with paclitaxel had better efficacy to suppress glioblastoma progression by promoting apoptosis and reducing EMT. Combination of bazedoxifene and paclitaxel also accelerated YAP phosphorylation and inactivation. Importantly, preclinical animal model also verified our in vitro findings. Together, our data not only define the underlying mechanism responsible for action of bazedoxifene on glioblastoma cells but also build strong rational to develop bazedoxifene for the treatment of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Fu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Fu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
| | - Yingchao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250006, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250006, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Fu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
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27
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Tibolone Effects on Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:187-196. [PMID: 31499479 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian steroid hormones are involved in modulating the growth of glioblastomas (the most common, aggressive, and lethal brain tumor) through the interaction with their intracellular receptors. Activation of sex hormone receptors is involved in glioblastomas progression. Tibolone (TIB) is a selective tissue estrogenic activity regulator widely prescribed to treat menopausal symptoms and to prevent bone lost. The effects of TIB on the growth of glioblastoma are unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effects of TIB on cell number, migration, and invasion of two derived human glioblastoma cell lines (U251 MG and U87), as well as the role of this steroid in estrogen and progesterone receptors activity and content. METHODS U251-MG and U87 human glioblastoma cell lines were grown with different doses of TIB. The number of cells was determined and migration and invasion tests were carried out. Protein expression was performed by Western blot. RESULTS We observed that TIB (10 nM) increased the number of cells by inducing proliferation with no effects on cell migration or invasion. The increase in cell proliferation induced by TIB was blocked by estrogen (ERs) or progesterone receptor (PRs) antagonists, ICI 182, 780 and RU 486, suggesting that these receptors mediate proliferating actions of TIB; TIB also modified the content of ERs and PRs by increasing ER-α, ER-β, and PR-B, while decreased PR-A. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that TIB increases cell number and proliferation of human glioblastoma cells through the regulation of ERs and PRs actions and content.
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Bunevicius A. Are hypothyroidism and hypogonadism clinically relevant in patients with malignant gliomas? A longitudinal trial in patients with glioma. Radiother Oncol 2019; 135:197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Niu WX, Zhou CX, Cheng CD, Bao DJ, Dong YF, Li DX, Yang Y, He H, Niu CS. Effects of lentivirus-mediated CYP17A1 gene silencing on the biological activity of glioma. Neurosci Lett 2018; 692:210-215. [PMID: 30439398 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumors with poor prognosis. We attempted to explore the role of CYP17A1 in glioma progression. We demonstrated that the expression of CYP17A1 was significantly higher in the glioma tissues than the normal brain tissues, especially in malignant glioma. Moreover, the expression of CYP17A1 gene was positively correlative with glioma pathological grades. In vitro, CYP17A1 gene silence inhibited the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells and promoted the apoptosis in glioma cells. Also, the subcutaneously transplanted tumour in BALB/C-nu showed that CYP17A1 gene silence inhibited glioma growth. These results reveal that CYP17A1 plays a major role in the progress of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Xiang Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, China; Anhui Provincial Stereotactic Neurosurgical Institute, China
| | - Chen-Xu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, China; Anhui Provincial Stereotactic Neurosurgical Institute, China
| | - Chuan-Dong Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, China; Anhui Provincial Stereotactic Neurosurgical Institute, China
| | - De-Jun Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, China; Anhui Provincial Stereotactic Neurosurgical Institute, China
| | - Yong-Fei Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, China; Anhui Provincial Stereotactic Neurosurgical Institute, China
| | - Dong-Xue Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, China; Anhui Provincial Stereotactic Neurosurgical Institute, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, China; Anhui Provincial Stereotactic Neurosurgical Institute, China
| | - Hu He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, China; Anhui Provincial Stereotactic Neurosurgical Institute, China
| | - Chao-Shi Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, China; Anhui Provincial Stereotactic Neurosurgical Institute, China.
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Impact of gender on the survival of patients with glioblastoma. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180752. [PMID: 30305382 PMCID: PMC6239255 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Preclinical models have suggested a role for sex hormones in the development of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, the impact of gender on the survival time of patients with GBM has not been fully understood. The objective of the present study was to clarify the association between gender and survival of patients with GBM by analyzing population-based data.Methods: We searched the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results database who were diagnosed with GBM between 2000 and 2008 and were treated with surgery. Five-year cancer specific survival data were obtained. Kaplan-Meier methods and multivariable Cox regression models were used to analyze long-term survival outcomes and risk factors.Results: A total of 6586 patients were identified; 61.5% were men and 38.5% were women. The 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates in the male and female groups were 6.8% and 8.3%, respectively (P=0.002 by univariate and P<0.001 by multivariate analysis). A stratified analysis showed that male patients always had the lowest CSS rate across localized cancer stage and different age subgroups.Conclusions: Gender has prognostic value for determining GBM risk. The role of sex hormones in the development of GBM warrants further investigation.
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Chaychi S, Polosa A, Chemtob S, Lachapelle P. Evaluating the neuroprotective effect of 17β-estradiol in rodent models of oxidative retinopathies. Doc Ophthalmol 2018; 137:151-168. [PMID: 30368631 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-018-9658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the neuroprotective effect of estrogen on the structure and function of the retina exposed to an oxidative stress. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rat pups were exposed to either hyperoxia (O2E: from P8 to P14) or bright light (LE: from P14 to P28) with or without 17 β-estradiol (βE2) treatment. Retinal structure (histology) and function (ERG) were assessed at selected time points. RESULTS In the O2E model, βE2 injections caused a significant reduction of the ERG and a significantly thinner OPL compared to untreated oxygen-exposed group (O2-exposed) rats. In contrast, in the LE model βE2, treatment was beneficial to the retinal structure (thicker ONL) and function (better preserved ERG amplitudes) compared to untreated light-exposed group (light-exposed rats). CONCLUSION Our results show that in conditions where the primary target of the oxidative stress is the outer retina (i.e., the photoreceptors) estrogen can protect the retina, while in situations where the inner retina (or retinal vasculature) is the main site of oxidative damage, estrogen may potentiate the detrimental effect of oxidative stress on the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Chaychi
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology-Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Glen Site, Block E, Room EM03238, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Anna Polosa
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology-Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Glen Site, Block E, Room EM03238, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Lachapelle
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology-Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Glen Site, Block E, Room EM03238, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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Moirano SJ, Dewey CW, Wright KZ, Cohen PW. Survival times in dogs with presumptive intracranial gliomas treated with oral lomustine: A comparative retrospective study (2008-2017). Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:459-466. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Moirano
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca New York
| | - C. W. Dewey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca New York
- Veterinary Specialists and Emergency Services of Rochester; Rochester NY
- Long Island Veterinary Specialists; Plainview NY
| | - K. Z. Wright
- Oncology Service; Animal Medical Center; New York New York
- Oncology Service; BluePearl Veterinary Partners; Tampa Florida
| | - P. W. Cohen
- Neurology Service; Veterinary Medical Center of Long Island; New York New York
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Lee S, Lee SO, Kim GL, Rhee DK. Estrogen receptor-β of microglia underlies sexual differentiation of neuronal protection via ginsenosides in mice brain. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018. [PMID: 29524300 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in acute bacterial meningitis can lead to widespread brain damage and mortality. Inflammatory responses by immune cells in the brain are thought to determine the degree of brain injury. Yet, the mechanisms underlying host responses to pneumococcal meningitis are largely unknown. To explore host responses as a potential therapeutic target for preventing brain injury after pneumococcal meningitis. METHODS We evaluated signaling mechanisms that minimize neuronal damage caused by pneumococcal infection; specifically, we assessed pathways related to neuronal survival after enhancing estrogen receptor-β (ER-β) expression using a natural therapeutic substance known as ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg3 enhanced ginseng. RESULTS Tissue damage caused by bacterial infection was reduced in Rb1/Rg3-treated mice as a result of microglial activation and the inhibition of apoptosis. Furthermore, Rb1 upregulated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as anti-apoptotic factors including Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Using BV2 microglial cells in vitro, Rb1 treatment inhibited microglial apoptosis in a manner associated with JAK2/STAT5 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION After S. pneumoniae infection in mice, particularly in female mice, Rb1-containing ginseng increased bacterial clearance and survival. These findings inform our understanding of the host immune response to pneumococcal meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyeop Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Si-On Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Gyu-Lee Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Rhee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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Lan YL, Wang X, Lou JC, Ma BB, Xing JS, Zou S, Zhang B. Update on the effect of exogenous hormone use on glioma risk in women: a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies. J Neurooncol 2017; 137:357-365. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Yu Z, Yi M, Wei T, Gao X, Chen H. KCa3.1 Inhibition Switches the Astrocyte Phenotype during Astrogliosis Associated with Ischemic Stroke Via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:319. [PMID: 29075181 PMCID: PMC5643415 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating neurological disease that can initiate a phenotype switch in astrocytes. Reactive astrogliosis is a significant pathological feature of ischemic stroke and is accompanied by changes in gene expression, hypertrophied processes and proliferation. The intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channel KCa3.1 has been shown to contribute to astrogliosis-induced neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We here present evidence, from both astrocytes subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) and from the brains of mice subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO), that KCa3.1 represents a valid pharmacological target for modulation of astrocyte phenotype during astrogliosis caused by ischemic stroke. In the primary cultured astrocytes, OGD led to increased expression of KCa3.1, which was associated with upregulation of the astrogliosis marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of KCa3.1 suppressed OGD-induced up-regulation of GFAP, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and phosphorylated eIF-2α through the c-Jun/JNK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. We next investigated the effect of genetic deletion of KCa3.1 in the pMCAO mouse model. KCa3.1 deficiency also attenuated ER stress and astrogliosis through c-Jun/JNK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways following pMCAO in KCa3.1−/− mice. Our data suggest that blockade of KCa3.1 might represent a promising strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengni Yi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianjiao Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Lan YL, Zou S, Wang X, Lou JC, Xing JS, Yu M, Zhang B. Update on the therapeutic significance of estrogen receptor beta in malignant gliomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81686-81696. [PMID: 29113424 PMCID: PMC5655319 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma is the most fatal of the astrocytic lineage tumors despite therapeutic advances. Men have a higher glioma incidence than women, indicating that estrogen level differences between men and women may influence glioma pathogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying the anticancer effects of estrogen has not been fully clarified and is complicated by the presence of several distinct estrogen receptor types and the identification of a growing number of estrogen receptor splice variants. Specifically, it is generally accepted that estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) functions as a tumor promoter, while estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) functions as a tumor suppressor, and the role and therapeutic significance of ERβ signaling in gliomas remains elusive. Thus, a deeper analysis of ERβ could elucidate the role of estrogens in gender-related cancer incidence. ERβ has been found to be involved in complex interactions with malignant gliomas. In addition, the prognostic value of ERβ expression in glioma patients should not be ignored when considering translating experimental findings to clinical practice. More importantly, several potential drugs consisting of selective ERβ agonists have exhibited anti-glioma activities and could further extend the therapeutic potential of ERβ-selective agonists. Here, we review the literature to clarify the anti-glioma effect of ERβ. To clarify ERβ-mediated treatment effects in malignant gliomas, this review focuses on the potential mechanisms mediated by ERβ in the intracellular signaling events in glioma cells, the prognostic value of ERβ expression in glioma patients, and various ERβ agonists that could be potential drugs with anti-glioma activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shuang Zou
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jin-Shan Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-Directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116033, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
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Bao D, Cheng C, Lan X, Xing R, Chen Z, Zhao H, Sun J, Wang Y, Niu C, Zhang B, Fang S. Regulation of p53wt glioma cell proliferation by androgen receptor-mediated inhibition of small VCP/p97-interacting protein expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23142-23154. [PMID: 28423563 PMCID: PMC5410292 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of glioma in men is higher than that in women; however, little is known about the expression and basic function of the androgen receptor (AR) in gliomas. AR inhibited the small VCP/p97-interacting protein (SVIP) on the transcriptional level was previously reported. The present study shows that the protein level of AR is highly expressed in cell lines of the nervous system. Moreover, the AR expression is increased while SVIP expression is decreased in tumor tissue of glioma patients, which is in agreement with the progressing WHO grades. A statistically significant increase in serum testosterone level of glioma patients compared with that of non-cancer patients was also detected. Furthermore, it has been proved that SVIP is down-regulated as well as AR is up-regulated in glioma cell lines with R1881 treatment. Interestingly, the depletion of SVIP using siRNA facilitated cell proliferation and decreased p53 expression. In addition, overexpression of SVIP increased cell death only in p53wt cell lines. Moreover, U87MG cells, p53wt cell line was susceptible to AR antagonists in vitro and in vivo. The current study provides insight into the biological role of AR in suppressing SVIP and p53 and promoting the progression of glioma as well as the clinical treatment of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Stereotactic Neurosurgical Institute, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Chuandong Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Stereotactic Neurosurgical Institute, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Lan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Rong Xing
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital (West Branch of Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, China
| | - Junyan Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chaoshi Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Stereotactic Neurosurgical Institute, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shengyun Fang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Sareddy GR, Li X, Liu J, Viswanadhapalli S, Garcia L, Gruslova A, Cavazos D, Garcia M, Strom AM, Gustafsson JA, Tekmal RR, Brenner A, Vadlamudi RK. Selective Estrogen Receptor β Agonist LY500307 as a Novel Therapeutic Agent for Glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24185. [PMID: 27126081 PMCID: PMC4850367 DOI: 10.1038/srep24185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM), deadly brain tumors, have greater incidence in males than females. Epidemiological evidence supports a tumor suppressive role of estrogen; however, estrogen as a potential therapy for GBM is limited due to safety concerns. Since GBM express ERβ, a second receptor for estrogen, targeting ERβ with a selective agonist may be a potential novel GBM therapy. In the present study, we examined the therapeutic effect of the selective synthetic ERβ agonist LY500307 using in vitro and in vivo GBM models. Treatment with LY500307 significantly reduced the proliferation of GBM cells with no activity on normal astrocytes in vitro. ERβ agonists promoted apoptosis of GBM cells, and mechanistic studies using RNA sequencing revealed that LY500307 modulated several pathways related to apoptosis, cell cycle, and DNA damage response. Further, LY500307 sensitized GBM cells to several FDA-approved chemotherapeutic drugs including cisplatin, lomustine and temozolomide. LY500307 treatment significantly reduced the in vivo tumor growth and promoted apoptosis of GBM tumors in an orthotopic model and improved the overall survival of tumor-bearing mice in the GL26 syngeneic glioma model. Our results demonstrate that LY500307 has potential as a therapeutic agent for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangadhara R Sareddy
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Xiaonan Li
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Jinyou Liu
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Lauren Garcia
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Aleksandra Gruslova
- Cancer Therapy &Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - David Cavazos
- Cancer Therapy &Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Mike Garcia
- Cancer Therapy &Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | | | | | - Rajeshwar Rao Tekmal
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Andrew Brenner
- Cancer Therapy &Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA.,Hematology &Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA.,Cancer Therapy &Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
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Moinfar Z, Dambach H, Schoenebeck B, Förster E, Prochnow N, Faustmann PM. Estradiol Receptors Regulate Differential Connexin 43 Expression in F98 and C6 Glioma Cell Lines. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150007. [PMID: 26919293 PMCID: PMC4769248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumour with male preponderance and poor prognosis. Glioma cells express variable amounts of connexin 43 (Cx43) and estrogen receptors (ERs). Both, Cx43 and ERs, play important roles in cell proliferation and migration. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 17-ß estradiol (E2) on Cx43 expression in two glioma cell lines with variable native expression of Cx43. Materials and Methods F98 and C6 rat glioma cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence of 10 nM or 100 nM E2, and the E2-antagonist, Fulvestrant. An MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability. ERα, ERβ and Cx43 protein expressions were analysed by western blotting and Cx43 mRNA expression was analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. To quantify cell migration, an exclusive zone migration assay was used. Functional coupling of cells via gap junctions was examined using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Results E2 reduced Cx43 expression in C6 cells, but increased Cx43 expression in F98 cultures. These effects were mediated via ERs. Moreover, E2 promoted C6 cell migration, but it did not affect F98 cell migration. The expression level of ERα was found to be high in C6, but low in F98 cells. ERβ was exclusively expressed in C6 cells. In addition, E2 treatment induced a significant decrease of ERβ in C6 cultures, while it decreased ERα expression in F98 glioma cells. Discussion These findings show that E2 differentially modulates Cx43 expression in F98 and C6 glioma cells, likely due to the differential expression of ERs in each of these cell lines. Our findings point to the molecular mechanisms that might contribute to the gender-specific differences in the malignancy of glioma and could have implications for therapeutic strategies against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Moinfar
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hannes Dambach
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bodo Schoenebeck
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eckart Förster
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nora Prochnow
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Pedro Michael Faustmann
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Lin Y, Jea A, Melkonian SC, Lam S. Treatment of pediatric Grade II spinal ependymomas: a population-based study. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2015; 15:243-9. [PMID: 25525932 DOI: 10.3171/2014.9.peds1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT Grade II spinal cord ependymomas occurring in pediatric patients are exceptionally rare neoplasms. In this paper the authors use a national cancer database to determine patient demographics, treatment patterns, and associated outcomes of this cohort. METHODS The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was used to analyze subjects younger than 18 years with histologically confirmed diagnoses of Grade II spinal cord ependymoma from the years 1973 to 2008. Descriptive data on the demographic characteristics of this cohort and the associated treatment patterns are shown. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival at 1, 2, 5, and 10 years. RESULTS This cohort comprised 64 pediatric subjects with Grade II spinal ependymoma. The median age was 13 years, nearly half of the patients were male, and most were white (84%). The median follow-up was 9.2 years. Overall survival at 5 and 10 years was 86% and 83%, respectively. Gross-total resection was achieved in 57% of subjects, and radiation therapy was administered to 36%. Radiation therapy was administered to 78% of subjects after subtotal resection but only to 19% of patients after gross-total resection; this difference was significant (p < 0.001). In a multivariate regression model analyzing sex, age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, radiotherapy, and extent of resection, female sex was found to be an independent predictor of decreased mortality (HR 0.15 [95% CI 0.02-0.94], p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS These data show long-term outcomes for pediatric patients with Grade II spinal ependymoma. Radiotherapy was more likely to be administered in cases of subtotal resection than in cases of gross-total resection. Female sex is associated with decreased mortality, while other demographic or treatment modalities are not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimo Lin
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine; and
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Gender effect in experimental models of human medulloblastoma: does the estrogen receptor β signaling play a role? PLoS One 2014; 9:e101623. [PMID: 25000562 PMCID: PMC4084991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The male-to-female sex ratio for medulloblastoma (MB) is approximately 1.5∶1, female gender being also a favorable prognostic factor. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of gender on MB tumorigenesis. Methods In vitro activity of 17β-estradiol (E2), DPN [2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile, a selective estrogen receptor β (ERβ)-agonist], PPT [4,4′,4″-(4-Propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) trisphenol, a selective ERα-agonist] or DHT (5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone) was evaluated in three human MB cell lines. D283 Med cells were transplanted into athymic mice. Results A significant expression of ERβ, with little or no ERα, and low AR (androgen receptor) was found in MB cell lines. The compounds tested did not affect cell proliferation. In vivo, we observed a significantly lower growth of D283 Med in nude female mice compared to males. At microscopic examination, tumors from females showed a shift towards differentiation, as evaluated by lower nestin, and higher NSE (neuron-specific enolase) and GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) expression compared to males. Tumors from females also showed lower Ki67 and p53 expression. The wild-type ERβ protein (ERβ1) was lost in male tumors, while it was a permanent feature in females, and a strong negative correlation was found between Ki67 and ERβ1 expression. Conversely, tumor levels of ERβ2 and ERβ5 did not significantly differ between genders. Increased levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 were observed in females, suggesting that estrogen may decrease tumor growth through blocking cell cycle progression. An inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) signaling was also evident in females. Conclusion We provides mechanistic evidence supporting the idea that ERβ1 signaling may have pro-differentiation and tumor suppressive function in medulloblastomas.
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Liu C, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Bian C, Zhao Y, Zhang J. Expression of estrogen receptors, androgen receptor and steroid receptor coactivator-3 is negatively correlated to the differentiation of astrocytic tumors. Cancer Epidemiol 2014; 38:291-7. [PMID: 24680642 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytic tumors are the most common primary brain tumors. It has been reported that androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) and their coactivator SRC-1 and SRC-3 are involved in the regulation of the growth and development of many tumors, but their expression profiles and significances in the astrocytic tumors remain largely unknown. In this study, the expression of AR, ERs, and SRCs, and the possible roles of them in astrocytic neoplasm were evaluated and compared to normal brain tissues by nickel-intensified immunohistochemistry with tissue microarrays. The results showed that there were no age- or gender-differences regarding to the levels of these receptors or coactivators in astrocytic or normal brain tissues. In the high-grade astrocytic tissue, the levels of AR, ERs and SRC-3 were significantly decreased when compared to the low-grade astrocytic tissues, but the levels of SRC-1 remain unchanged. Correlation analysis revealed that the levels of AR, ERs and SRC-3 were negatively correlated to tumor differentiation, and the levels of SRC-3 were positively correlated to that of ERα. Furthermore, the decreased levels of SRC-3 were associated with an increase of ERβ in astrocytic tumors when compared to that of normal brain tissues. These above results indicate a combination of decreased expression of ERs, AR and SRC-3 but not SRC-1 may be involved in the tumorigenesis of gliomas, ERα/SRC-3 axis may play central role in the regulation these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Cadet Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yanlei Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Cadet Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kaiyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Cadet Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chen Bian
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yangang Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Exogenous and endogenous hormones in relation to glioma in women: a meta-analysis of 11 case-control studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68695. [PMID: 23874728 PMCID: PMC3712935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Previous investigations of glioma risk in women have focused on oral contraceptive (OC), hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and reproductive factors. However, the results of published studies were inconclusive and inconsistent. Thus, a meta-analysis based on published case-control studies was performed to assess the role of exogenous and endogenous hormones factors in glioma risk. METHODS The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched without any restrictions on language or publication year. Reference lists from retrieved articles were also reviewed. We included case-control studies reporting relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (or data to calculate them) between oral contraceptive (OC) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use, reproductive factors and glioma. Random-effects models were used to calculate the summary risk estimates. RESULTS Finally, 11 eligible studies with 4860 cases and 14,740 controls were identified. A lower risk of glioma was observed among women who were ever users of exogenous hormones (OC RR = 0.707, 95% CI = 0.604-0.828; HRT: RR = 0.683, 95% CI = 0.577-0.808) compared with never users. An increased glioma risk was associated with older age at menarche (RR = 1.401, 95% CI = 1.052-1.865). No association was observed for menopause status, parous status, age at menopause, or age at first birth and glioma risk. CONCLUSION The results of our study support the hypothesis female sex hormones play a role in the development of glioma in women. Additional studies are warranted to validate the conclusion from this meta-analysis and clarity the underlying mechanisms.
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The potential effect of gender in CYP1A1 and GSTM1 genotype-specific associations with pediatric brain tumor. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2709-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Ajeawung NF, Maltais R, Jones C, Poirier D, Kamnasaran D. Viability screen on pediatric low grade glioma cell lines unveils a novel anti-cancer drug of the steroid biosynthesis inhibitor family. Cancer Lett 2012. [PMID: 23201138 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric low grade gliomas are the most common central nervous system tumors and are still incurable among a subset of patients despite current treatment modalities. Steroid biosynthesis occurs in a wide variety of organs including the brain, to mediate an assortment of functions, including a proposed role in the growth of gliomas. Hence, targeting steroid biosynthesis and/or their signaling pathways, is anticipated as an effective approach for treating gliomas. In this study, we investigated whether our chemical library of steroid inhibitors can modulate the growth of pediatric low grade glioma cell lines (Res186, Res259, R286), and subsequently identified a potent inhibitor of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3, referred to as DK16, which functions by attenuating cell viability, proliferation, migration/invasion and anchorage independent growth and conversely induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in a dose and duration dependent manner. Further investigations into the mechanisms of how DK16 functions showed that this drug increased the BAX/BCL2 expression ratio, induced phosphatidylserine externalization, and mitochondrial membrane depolarizations culminating to the release and nuclear translocation of AIF. In addition, treatments of low grade glioma cell lines with DK16 increased the expression of pro-apoptotic mediators including CDK2 and CTSL1, and with the converse diminished expression of pro-survival and migratory/invasion genes like PRKCA, TERT, MAPK8, MMP1 and MMP2. Our findings collectively demonstrate the potent anti-neoplastic properties of DK16, a steroid biosynthesis inhibitor, on the growth of pediatric low grade gliomas.
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Van Meervenne S, Verhoeven PS, de Vos J, Gielen IMVL, Polis I, Van Ham LML. Comparison between symptomatic treatment and lomustine supplementation in 71 dogs with intracranial, space-occupying lesions. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 12:67-77. [PMID: 22738696 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2012.00336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Brain neoplasia is diagnosed in an increasing number of dogs. Consequently, there is a higher need for an effective treatment. Chemotherapy is considered in cases where surgery or radiation is not optional. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the difference in median survival time (MST) of dogs with intracranial masses, treated symptomatically with corticosteroids and anti-epileptic drugs, compared with the same symptomatic treatment supplemented with lomustine. The records of 71 dogs with intracranial masses were retrospectively evaluated. Fifteen dogs were treated symptomatically with corticosteroids and anti-epileptics, and 56 dogs received additional therapy with lomustine. There was no statistically significant difference in MST between both groups, being 60 and 93 days, respectively. Age, duration of symptoms, intracranial localization of the mass and intra- or extra-axial localization had no influence on survival time. However, female dogs survived significantly longer than male dogs.
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González-Arenas A, Hansberg-Pastor V, Hernández-Hernández OT, González-García TK, Henderson-Villalpando J, Lemus-Hernández D, Cruz-Barrios A, Rivas-Suárez M, Camacho-Arroyo I. Estradiol increases cell growth in human astrocytoma cell lines through ERα activation and its interaction with SRC-1 and SRC-3 coactivators. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:379-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sun T, Warrington NM, Rubin JB. Why does Jack, and not Jill, break his crown? Sex disparity in brain tumors. Biol Sex Differ 2012; 3:3. [PMID: 22277186 PMCID: PMC3293746 DOI: 10.1186/2042-6410-3-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is often reported that brain tumors occur more frequently in males, and that males suffer a worse outcome from brain tumors than females. If correct, these observations suggest that sex plays a fundamental role in brain tumor biology. The following review of the literature regarding primary and metastatic brain tumors, reveals that brain tumors do occur more frequently in males compared to females regardless of age, tumor histology, or region of the world. Sexually dimorphic mechanisms that might control tumor cell biology, as well as immune and brain microenvironmental responses to cancer, are explored as the basis for this sex disparity. Elucidating the mechanisms by which sex chromosomes and sex hormones impact on brain tumorigenesis and progression will advance our understanding of basic cancer biology and is likely to be essential for optimizing the care of brain tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, CB 8208, 660 South Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Prognostic value of novel biomarkers in astrocytic brain tumors: nuclear receptor co-regulators AIB1, TIF2, and PELP1 are associated with high tumor grade and worse patient prognosis. J Neurooncol 2011; 106:23-31. [PMID: 21735116 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) and their co-regulatory proteins are key components of complex signaling networks that specifically regulate the growth and development of various tissues and tumors. Still, their protein expression profiles and possible role in the pathogenesis of astrocytic tumors remain largely unknown. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the differential protein expression of ΕRα, ERβ, and their co-activators, AIB1, TIF2, and PELP1 in astrocytic tumors of World Health Organization (WHO) grade II-IV, using immunohistochemistry. Potential correlations with clinicopathological parameters and patient prognosis were also explored. ERα protein expression was undetectable while ERβ levels were significantly decreased with progression of tumor grade (P < 0.001). High expression of ERβ was an independent favorable prognostic factor on multivariate analysis (P = 0.003). Expression of AIB1, TIF2, and PELP1 was not correlated with ERβ expression and followed an opposite trend, with increasing levels in high-grade relative to low-grade tumors (P < 0.001). Univariate survival analysis revealed that high AIB1, TIF2, and PELP1 expression was associated with worse prognosis (P = 0.049, P = 0.033, and P = 0.020, respectively). ERβ and ER co-activators AIB1, TIF2, and PELP1 appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of astrocytic tumors and might have prognostic significance. The mechanisms underlying their involvement in astrocytic tumorigenesis, as well as their utility for prognostic and therapeutic purposes merit further investigation.
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Mancuso M, Leonardi S, Ceccarelli M, Pasquali E, De Stefano I, Prisco MG, Rebessi S, Tanori M, Scambia G, Di Majo V, Pazzaglia S, Saran A, Gallo D. Protective role of 17 β-estradiol on medulloblastoma development in Patched 1 heterozygous mice. Int J Cancer 2011; 127:2749-57. [PMID: 21351254 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common pediatric tumor of the CNS, representing ∼20% of all childhood CNS tumors. Although in recent years many molecular mechanisms that control MB development have been clarified, the effects of biological factors such as sex on this tumor remain to be explained. Epidemiological data, in fact, indicate a significant difference in the incidence of MB between the 2 sexes, with considerably higher susceptibility of males than females. Besides this different susceptibility, female sex is also a significant favorable prognostic factor in MB, with girls having a much better outcome. Despite these literature data, there has been little investigation into estrogen influence on MB development. In our study, we evaluated how hormone deficiency resulting from ovariectomy and hormone replacement influences the development of early and advanced MB stages in Patched1 heterozygous mice, a well-characterized mouse model of radiation-induced MB. Susceptibility to MB development was significantly increased in ovariectomized Ptch1(+/-) females and restored to levels observed in control mice after estrogen replacement. We next investigated the molecular mechanisms by which estrogen might influence tumor progression and show that ERβ, but not ERα, is involved in modulation of MB development by estrogens. Finally, our study shows that a functional interaction between estrogen- and IGF-I-mediated pathways may be responsible for the effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Mancuso
- Section of Toxicology and Biomedical Sciences, Research Center Casaccia, ENEA, Rome, Italy.
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