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Ozer AY, Keskin İ, Kelestemur T, Ayturk N, Ersavas C, Gunal MY. Efficacy of one-hour negative pressure wound therapy and magnetic field energy in wound healing. J Wound Care 2024; 33:i-ix. [PMID: 38197308 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2024.33.sup1.i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wound healing is an important aspect of health but needs further research to identify the effects and interactions of different treatment approaches on healing. The aims of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of one-hour negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and compare histological differences between one-hour NPWT and magnetic field energy (MFE) in rats on early-stage wound healing, wound size and angiogenesis. METHOD Standardised wounds were created on Wistar rats that were allocated and divided into NPWT, MFE and control groups. Both treatments were applied for 1 hour/day for 10 days. Wound size, histological changes and wound area blood flow were assessed. RESULTS The wound size of all groups was similar on days 0, 2 and 10. The MFE group's wound size was smaller than the NPWT group on days 4, 6 and 8 (p<0.05). Development of the granulation tissue in both the one-hour NPWT and MFE groups was greater than in the control group. Additionally, the inflammatory phase was shorter, and wounds entered the proliferative stage faster in the MFE group than both of the other groups. CONCLUSION Treatment with MFE may be more effective in terms of early stage wound closure and angiogenesis. On the other hand, the NPWT group's wound area blood flow was significantly greater than the other two groups. MFE is superior to one-hour NPWT in terms of wound area and angiogenesis. Furthermore, it is worthwhile to note that one-hour NPWT increases bloodflow in the wound area, which stimulates healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Y Ozer
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Health Sciences Faculty, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İlknur Keskin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taha Kelestemur
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Ayturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Cenk Ersavas
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Y Gunal
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Antalya, Turkey
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Jiao L, Xu T, Du X, Chen X, Jiao Q, Jiang H. The Inhibition Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside on the Survival of Differentiated Neural Stem Cells through the p38 Pathway. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030438. [PMID: 36979248 PMCID: PMC10046126 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial factor in regulating neuronal development. However, certain effects of NO are complex under different physiological conditions. In this study, we used differentiated neural stem cells (NSCs), which contained neural progenitor cells, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, to observe the physiological effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the early developmental stage of the nervous system. After SNP treatment for 24 h, the results showed that SNP at 100 μM, 200 μM, 300 μM, and 400 μM concentrations resulted in reduced cell viability and increased cleaved caspase 3 levels, while no significant changes were found at 50 μM. There were no effects on neuronal differentiation in the SNP-treated groups. The phosphorylation of p38 was also significantly upregulated with SNP concentrations of 100 μM, 200 μM, 300 μM, and 400 μM, with no changes for 50 μM concentration in comparison with the control. We also observed that the levels of phosphorylation increased with the increasing concentration of SNP. To further explore the possible role of p38 in SNP-regulated survival of differentiated NSCs, SB202190, the antagonist of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, at a concentration of 10 mM, was pretreated for 30 min, and the ratio of phosphorylated p38 was found to be decreased after treatment with SNP. Survival and cell viability increased in the SB202190 and SNP co-treated group. Taken together, our results suggested that p38 is involved in the cell survival of NSCs, regulated by NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tongying Xu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xixun Du
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- College of Health and Life Science, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Medeiros KAAL, Almeida-Souza TH, Silva RS, Santos HF, Santos EV, Gois AM, Leal PC, Santos JR. Involvement of nitric oxide in the neurobiology of fear-like behavior. Nitric Oxide 2022; 124:24-31. [PMID: 35533947 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fear is an emotional reaction that arises in dangerous situations, inducing the adaptation to an existing condition. This behavior was conserved in all vertebrates throughout evolution and is observed in mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, and reptiles. The neurocircuitry of fear involves areas of the limbic system, cortical regions, midbrain, and brainstem. These areas communicate with each other so that there is an expression of fear and memory formation to deal with the same situation at another time. The effect of nitric oxide (NO) on fear modulation has been explored. NO is a gaseous compound that easily diffuses through the cell membrane and is produced through the oxidation reaction of l-Arginine to l-citrulline catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Activating the intracellular NO receptor (soluble guanylyl cyclase enzyme - sGC) triggers an enzymatic cascade that can culminate in plastic events in the neuron. NOS inhibitors induce anxiolytic-like responses in fear modulation, whereas NO donors promote fear- and anxiety-like behaviors. This review describes the neurobiology of fear in mammals and non-mammals, how NO is produced in the central nervous system, and how NO acts in fear-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katty A A L Medeiros
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Thiago H Almeida-Souza
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo S Silva
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Heitor F Santos
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Eliziane V Santos
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Auderlan M Gois
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Pollyana C Leal
- Graduate Program of Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - José R Santos
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil.
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Kasamatsu S, Tsutsuki H, Ida T, Sawa T, Watanabe Y, Akaike T, Ihara H. Regulation of nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species redox signaling by nNOS splicing variants. Nitric Oxide 2022; 120:44-52. [PMID: 35033681 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated different expression patterns of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) splicing variants, nNOS-μ and nNOS-α, in the rat brain; however, their exact functions have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we compared the enzymatic activities of nNOS-μ and nNOS-α and investigated intracellular redox signaling in nNOS-expressing PC12 cells, stimulated with a neurotoxicant, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), to enhance the nNOS uncoupling reaction. Using in vitro studies, we show that nNOS-μ produced nitric oxide (NO), as did nNOS-α, in the presence of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an important cofactor for the enzymatic activity. However, nNOS-μ generated more NO and less superoxide than nNOS-α in the absence of BH4. MPP + treatment induced more reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in nNOS-α-expressing PC12 cells than in those expressing nNOS-μ, which correlated with the intracellular production of 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP), a downstream messenger of nNOS redox signaling, and apoptosis in these cells. Furthermore, post-treatment with 8-nitro-cGMP aggravated MPP+-induced cytotoxicity via activation of the H-Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results provide strong evidence that nNOS-μ exhibits distinctive enzymatic properties of NO/ROS production, contributing to the regulation of intracellular redox signaling, including the downstream production of 8-nitro-cGMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tsutsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
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Implications of SARS-Cov-2 infection on eNOS and iNOS activity: Consequences for the respiratory and vascular systems. Nitric Oxide 2021; 111-112:64-71. [PMID: 33831567 PMCID: PMC8021449 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Symptoms of COVID-19 range from asymptomatic/mild symptoms to severe illness and death, consequence of an excessive inflammatory process triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The diffuse inflammation leads to endothelium dysfunction in pulmonary blood vessels, uncoupling eNOS activity, lowering NO production, causing pulmonary physiological alterations and coagulopathy. On the other hand, iNOS activity is increased, which may be advantageous for host defense, once NO plays antiviral effects. However, overproduction of NO may be deleterious, generating a pro-inflammatory effect. In this review, we discussed the role of endogenous NO as a protective or deleterious agent of the respiratory and vascular systems, the most affected in COVID-19 patients, focusing on eNOS and iNOS roles. We also reviewed the currently available NO therapies and pointed out possible alternative treatments targeting NO metabolism, which could help mitigate health crises in the present and future CoV's spillovers.
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Patel AM, Wierda K, Thorrez L, van Putten M, De Smedt J, Ribeiro L, Tricot T, Gajjar M, Duelen R, Van Damme P, De Waele L, Goemans N, Tanganyika-de Winter C, Costamagna D, Aartsma-Rus A, van Duyvenvoorde H, Sampaolesi M, Buyse GM, Verfaillie CM. Dystrophin deficiency leads to dysfunctional glutamate clearance in iPSC derived astrocytes. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:200. [PMID: 31434868 PMCID: PMC6704264 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) results, beside muscle degeneration in cognitive defects. As neuronal function is supported by astrocytes, which express dystrophin, we hypothesized that loss of dystrophin from DMD astrocytes might contribute to these cognitive defects. We generated cortical neuronal and astrocytic progeny from induced pluripotent stem cells (PSC) from six DMD subjects carrying different mutations and several unaffected PSC lines. DMD astrocytes displayed cytoskeletal abnormalities, defects in Ca+2 homeostasis and nitric oxide signaling. In addition, defects in glutamate clearance were identified in DMD PSC-derived astrocytes; these deficits were related to a decreased neurite outgrowth and hyperexcitability of neurons derived from healthy PSC. Read-through molecule restored dystrophin expression in DMD PSC-derived astrocytes harboring a premature stop codon mutation, corrected the defective astrocyte glutamate clearance and prevented associated neurotoxicity. We propose a role for dystrophin deficiency in defective astroglial glutamate homeostasis which initiates defects in neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsamie M. Patel
- 0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fStem Cell Institute Leuven, Dept. of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Keimpe Wierda
- 0000000104788040grid.11486.3aCenter for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven Thorrez
- 0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fKU Leuven Department of Development and Regeneration, Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Maaike van Putten
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartment of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan De Smedt
- 0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fStem Cell Institute Leuven, Dept. of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luis Ribeiro
- 0000000104788040grid.11486.3aCenter for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tine Tricot
- 0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fStem Cell Institute Leuven, Dept. of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Madhavsai Gajjar
- 0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fStem Cell Institute Leuven, Dept. of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Duelen
- 0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fStem Cell Institute Leuven, Dept. of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fTranslational Cardiomyology Lab, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Van Damme
- 0000000104788040grid.11486.3aCenter for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium ,0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fLaboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,0000 0004 0626 3338grid.410569.fNeurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth De Waele
- 0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fKU Leuven Department of Development and Regeneration, Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium ,0000 0004 0626 3338grid.410569.fDepartment of Paediatric Child Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fVesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Goemans
- 0000 0004 0626 3338grid.410569.fDepartment of Paediatric Child Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christa Tanganyika-de Winter
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartment of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Domiziana Costamagna
- 0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fStem Cell Institute Leuven, Dept. of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fTranslational Cardiomyology Lab, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Aartsma-Rus
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartment of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hermine van Duyvenvoorde
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dLaboratory for Diagnostic Genome Analysis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- 0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fStem Cell Institute Leuven, Dept. of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fTranslational Cardiomyology Lab, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gunnar M. Buyse
- 0000 0004 0626 3338grid.410569.fDepartment of Paediatric Child Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherine M. Verfaillie
- 0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fStem Cell Institute Leuven, Dept. of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Yang J, Yu Z, Zhang Y, Zang G, Zhuan L, Tang Z, Liu Y, Wang T, Wang S, Liu J. Preconditioning of adipose‐derived stem cells by phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibition enhances therapeutic efficacy against diabetes‐induced erectile dysfunction. Andrology 2019; 8:231-240. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
- Institute of Urology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
| | - Z. Yu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
- Institute of Urology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
| | - Y. Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
- Institute of Urology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
| | - G.‐H. Zang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
- Institute of Urology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
| | - L. Zhuan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
- Institute of Urology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
| | - Z. Tang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
- Institute of Urology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
| | - Y. Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China
| | - T. Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
- Institute of Urology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
| | - S.‐G. Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
- Institute of Urology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
| | - J.‐H. Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
- Institute of Urology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology HubeiChina
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Effects of Tiletamine-xylazine-tramadol Combination and its Specific Antagonist on AMPK in the Brain of Rats. J Vet Res 2019; 63:285-292. [PMID: 31276069 PMCID: PMC6598187 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tiletamine-xylazine-tramadol (XFM) has few side effects and can provide good sedation and analgesia. Adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can attenuate trigeminal neuralgia. The study aimed to investigate the effects of XFM and its specific antagonist on AMPK in different regions of the brain. Material and Methods A model of XFM in the rat was established. A total of 72 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three equally sized groups: XFM anaesthesia (M group), antagonist (W group), and XFM with antagonist interactive groups (MW group). Eighteen SD rats were in the control group and were injected intraperitoneally with saline (C group). The rats were sacrificed and the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, thalamus, and brain stem were immediately separated, in order to detect AMPKα mRNA expression by quantitative PCR. Results XFM was able to increase the mRNA expression of AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 in all brain regions, and the antagonist caused the opposite effect, although the effects of XFM could not be completely reversed in some areas. Conclusion XFM can influence the expression of AMPK in the central nervous system of the rat, which can provide a reference for the future development of anaesthetics for animals.
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Zidan N, Fenn J, Griffith E, Early PJ, Mariani CL, Muñana KR, Guevar J, Olby NJ. The Effect of Electromagnetic Fields on Post-Operative Pain and Locomotor Recovery in Dogs with Acute, Severe Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disc Extrusion: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled, Prospective Clinical Trial. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:1726-1736. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zidan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Joe Fenn
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Griffith
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Peter J. Early
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Chris L. Mariani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Karen R. Muñana
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Julien Guevar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Natasha J. Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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Zhan R, Wang F, Wu Y, Wang Y, Qian W, Liu M, Liu T, He W, Ren H, Luo G. Nitric oxide induces epidermal stem cell de-adhesion by targeting integrin β1 and Talin via the cGMP signalling pathway. Nitric Oxide 2018; 78:1-10. [PMID: 29698689 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a critical molecule in wound healing, but the mechanism underlying its activity is not well defined. Here, we explored the effect of NO on the de-adhesion of epidermal stem cells (ESCs) and the mechanism involved in this process. METHODS The effects of NO on isolated human and mouse ESCs cultured in the presence of different concentrations of the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) were evaluated in cell de-adhesion assays mediated by integrin β and collagen IV. Subsequently, changes in the expression of integrin β1 and the phosphorylation of Talin in response to different doses of SNAP were detected by Western blot analysis and real-time PCR in vitro. Furthermore, the roles of various soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)- and protein kinase G (PKG)-specific inhibitors and agonists in the effects of NO on ESC de-adhesion, integrin β1 expression and Talin phosphorylation were analysed. Moreover, the effects of NO on integrin β1 expression and sGC/cGMP/PKG signalling-mediated wound healing were detected in vivo using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) label-retaining cells (LRCs) in a scald model and an excision wound healing model, respectively. RESULTS SNAP promoted primary human and mouse ESC de-adhesion in a concentration-dependent manner in the integrin β1-and collagen IV-mediated adhesion assay, and this effect was suppressed by the sGC and PKG inhibitors. Additionally, integrin β1 expression and Talin phosphorylation at serine 425 (S425) were negatively correlated with SNAP levels, and this effect was blocked by the sGC and PKG inhibitors. Moreover, the roles of NO in integrin β1 expression and cGMP signalling pathway-mediated wound healing were confirmed in vivo. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the stimulatory effects of NO on ESC de-adhesion related to integrin β1 expression and Talin phosphorylation were mediated by the cGMP signalling pathway, which is likely involved in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixing Zhan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; School of Nursing, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Ying Wu
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Wei Qian
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Menglong Liu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Weifeng He
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Hui Ren
- School of Nursing, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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11
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Booth L, Roberts JL, Poklepovic A, Gordon S, Dent P. PDE5 inhibitors enhance the lethality of pemetrexed through inhibition of multiple chaperone proteins and via the actions of cyclic GMP and nitric oxide. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1449-1468. [PMID: 27903966 PMCID: PMC5352068 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors prevent the breakdown of cGMP that results in prolonged protein kinase G activation and the generation of nitric oxide. PDE5 inhibitors enhanced the anti-NSCLC cell effects of the NSCLC therapeutic pemetrexed. [Pemetrexed + sildenafil] activated an eIF2α – ATF4 – CHOP – Beclin1 pathway causing formation of toxic autophagosomes; activated a protective IRE1 – XBP-1 – chaperone induction pathway; and activated a toxic eIF2α – CHOP – DR4 / DR5 / CD95 induction pathway. [Pemetrexed + sildenafil] reduced the expression of c-FLIP-s, MCL-1 and BCL-XL that was blocked in a cell-type -dependent fashion by either over-expression of HSP90 / GRP78 / HSP70 / HSP27 or by blockade of eIF2α-CHOP signaling. Knock down of PKGI/II abolished the ability of sildenafil to enhance pemetrexed toxicity whereas pan-inhibition of NOS using L-NAME or knock down of [iNOS + eNOS] only partially reduced the lethal drug interaction. Pemetrexed reduced the ATPase activities of HSP90 and HSP70 in an ATM-AMPK-dependent fashion that was enhanced by sildenafil signaling via PKGI/II. The drug combination activated an ATM-AMPK-TSC2 pathway that was associated with reduced mTOR S2448 and ULK-1 S757 phosphorylation and increased ULK-1 S317 and ATG13 S318 phosphorylation. These effects were prevented by chaperone over-expression or by expression of an activated form of mTOR that prevented autophagosome formation and reduced cell killing. In two models of NSCLC, sildenafil enhanced the ability of pemetrexed to suppress tumor growth. Collectively we argue that the combination of [pemetrexed + PDE5 inhibitor] should be explored in a new NSCLC phase I trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Booth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0035, USA
| | - Jane L Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0035, USA
| | - Andrew Poklepovic
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0035, USA
| | - Sarah Gordon
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0035, USA
| | - Paul Dent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0035, USA
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12
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Masuda K, Tsutsuki H, Kasamatsu S, Ida T, Takata T, Sugiura K, Nishida M, Watanabe Y, Sawa T, Akaike T, Ihara H. Involvement of nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species signaling via 8-nitro-cGMP formation in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells and rat cerebellar granule neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:2165-2170. [PMID: 29258821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) redox signaling in Parkinson's disease-like neurotoxicity, we used 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) treatment (a model of Parkinson's disease). We show that MPP+-induced neurotoxicity was dependent on ROS from neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) in nNOS-expressing PC12 cells (NPC12 cells) and rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). Following MPP+ treatment, we found production of 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP), a second messenger in the NO/ROS redox signaling pathway, in NPC12 cells and rat CGNs, that subsequently induced S-guanylation and activation of H-Ras. Additionally, following MPP+ treatment, extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) phosphorylation was enhanced. Treatment with a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor attenuated MPP+-induced ERK phosphorylation and neurotoxicity. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that NO/ROS redox signaling via 8-nitro-cGMP is involved in MPP+-induced neurotoxicity and that 8-nitro-cGMP activates H-Ras/ERK signaling. Our results indicate a novel mechanism underlying MPP+-induced neurotoxicity, and therefore contribute novel insights to the mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Masuda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan; Project Management Department, SHIONOGI & CO., LTD., Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tsutsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takata
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kikuya Sugiura
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.
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13
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Booth L, Roberts JL, Poklepovic A, Dent P. PDE5 inhibitors enhance the lethality of [pemetrexed + sorafenib]. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13464-13475. [PMID: 28088782 PMCID: PMC5355112 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of pemetrexed and sorafenib has significant clinical activity against a wide variety of tumor types in patients and the present studies were performed to determine whether sildenafil enhances the killing potential of [pemetrexed + sorafenib]. In multiple genetically diverse lung cancer cell lines, sildenafil enhanced the lethality of [pemetrexed + sorafenib]. The three-drug combination reduced the activities of AKT, mTOR and STAT transcription factors; increased the activities of eIF2α and ULK-1; lowered the expression of MCL-1, BCL-XL, thioredoxin and SOD2; and increased the expression of Beclin1. Enhanced cell killing by sildenafil was blocked by inhibition of death receptor signaling and autophagosome formation. Enforced activation of STAT3 and AKT or inhibition of JNK significantly reduced cell killing. The enhanced cell killing caused by sildenafil was more reliant on increased PKG signaling than on the generation of nitric oxide. In vivo sildenafil enhanced the anti-tumor properties of [pemetrexed + sorafenib]. Based on our data we argue that additional clinical studies combining pemetrexed, sorafenib and sildenafil are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Booth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0035, USA
| | - Jane L Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0035, USA
| | - Andrew Poklepovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0035, USA
| | - Paul Dent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0035, USA
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14
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Li S, Pan Y, Ke R, Xie X, Zhai C, Shi W, Wang J, Yan X, Chai L, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Su X, Yang L, Gao L, Li M. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 suppresses calcineurin/NFAT- mediated TRPC6 expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6088. [PMID: 28729555 PMCID: PMC5519690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The up-regulation of transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) has been found to contribute to the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) has been shown to suppress TRPC6 expression in PASMCs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the up-regulation of TRPC6 expression and PDE5 modulation of TRPC6 expression in PASMCs remain largely unclear. The aim of this study is to address these issues. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) dose and time-dependently up-regulated TRPC6 expression in primary cultured rat PASMCs, and this was accompanied with the activation of calcineurin and subsequent translocation of NFATc4 to the nucleus. Further study indicated that inhibition of calcineurin by cyclosporine A or knockdown of NFATc4 using small interfering RNA suppressed ET-1-induced TRPC6 up-regulation. In addition, luciferase reporter assay showed that NFATc4 directly regulated the expression of TRPC6 in PASMCs. Inhibition of PDE5 by sildenafil suppressed ET-1-induced activation of calcineurin/NFATc4 signaling pathway and consequent TRPC6 up-regulation in PASMCs, while these inhibitory effects of sildenafil were abolished by PKG inhibitor Rp-8Br-cGMPs. Taken together, our study indicates that ET-1 stimulates TRPC6 expression by activation of calcineurin/NFATc4 signaling pathway, and inhibition of PDE5 suppresses calcineurin/NFATc4- mediated TRPC6 expression in PASMCs in a cGMP-PKG-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yilin Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ke
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Cui Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Limin Chai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofan Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China.
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15
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Superoxide generation from nNOS splice variants and its potential involvement in redox signal regulation. Biochem J 2017; 474:1149-1162. [PMID: 28126743 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated different spacial expression profiles of the neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) splice variants nNOS-µ and nNOS-α in the brain; however, their exact functions are not fully understood. Here, we used electron paramagnetic resonance to compare the electron-uncoupling reactions of recombinant nNOS-µ and nNOS-α that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), in this case superoxide. nNOS-µ generated 44% of the amount of superoxide that nNOS-α generated. We also evaluated the ROS production in HEK293 cells stably expressing nNOS-α and nNOS-µ by investigating these electron-uncoupling reactions as induced by calcium ionophore A23187. A23187 treatment induced greater ROS production in HEK293 cells expressing nNOS-α than those expressing nNOS-µ. Also, immunocytochemical analysis revealed that A23187-treated cells expressing nNOS-α produced more 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, a second messenger in NO/ROS redox signaling, than did the cells expressing nNOS-µ. Molecular evolutionary analysis revealed that the ratio of nonsynonymous sites to synonymous sites for the nNOS-µ-specific region was higher than that for the complete gene, indicating that this region has fewer functional constraints than does the complete gene. These observations shed light on the physiological relevance of the nNOS-µ variant and may improve understanding of nNOS-dependent NO/ROS redox signaling and its pathophysiological consequences in neuronal systems.
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16
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Wang C, Lu CF, Peng J, Hu CD, Wang Y. Roles of neural stem cells in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:2106-2112. [PMID: 29323053 PMCID: PMC5784362 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.221171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, researchers are using neural stem cell transplantation to promote regeneration after peripheral nerve injury, as neural stem cells play an important role in peripheral nerve injury repair. This article reviews recent research progress of the role of neural stem cells in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. Neural stem cells can not only differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, but can also differentiate into Schwann-like cells, which promote neurite outgrowth around the injury. Transplanted neural stem cells can differentiate into motor neurons that innervate muscles and promote the recovery of neurological function. To promote the repair of peripheral nerve injury, neural stem cells secrete various neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factor, nerve growth factor, insulin-like growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor. In addition, neural stem cells also promote regeneration of the axonal myelin sheath, angiogenesis, and immune regulation. It can be concluded that neural stem cells promote the repair of peripheral nerve injury through a variety of ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Central Hospital of Handan, Handan, Hebei Province; Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chang-Feng Lu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, ; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Dong Hu
- Central Hospital of Handan, Handan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
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17
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García-Flores LA, Medina S, Cejuela-Anta R, Martínez-Sanz JM, Abellán Á, Genieser HG, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo Á. DNA catabolites in triathletes: effects of supplementation with an aronia-citrus juice (polyphenols-rich juice). Food Funct 2016; 7:2084-93. [PMID: 27050256 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00252h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study we analyzed whether our aronia-citrus juice (ACJ, the composition is based on a mixture of 95% citrus juice with 5% of Aronia melanocarpa juice), rich in polyphenols, and physical exercise had an effect on seven catabolites of DNA identified in plasma and on a urine isoprostane (8-iso-PGF2α). Sixteen elite triathletes on a controlled diet for triathlon training (45 days) were used in this clinical trial. Our results show a decrease in the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine concentration due to chronic physical exercise. The ACJ intake and physical exercise maintained the guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate plasmatic concentrations and decreased the concentration of 8-hydroxyguanine as well as urinary values of 8-iso-PGF2α. Finally, we observed a significant increase in the 8-nitroguanosine levels in triathletes after ACJ intake, compared to the placebo stage. It is concluded that the combination of the intake of ACJ, rich in polyphenolic compounds, with adequate training was able to influence the plasmatic and urinary values of oxidative stress biomarkers. This suggests a positive effect on the oxidative damage and potential associations with DNA repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Medina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Roberto Cejuela-Anta
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Campus San Vicente del Raspeig, 03540 San Vicent del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Miguel Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Campus San Vicente del Raspeig, 03540 San Vicent del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ángel Abellán
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - Federico Ferreres
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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18
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Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Hepatic Encephalopathy: Cause, Effect or Association? Neurochem Res 2016; 42:750-761. [PMID: 27885576 PMCID: PMC5357500 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The methylated derivative of l-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is synthesized in different mammalian tissues including the brain. ADMA acts as an endogenous, nonselective, competitive inhibitor of all three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and may limit l-arginine supply from the plasma to the enzyme via reducing its transport by cationic amino acid transporters. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a relatively frequently diagnosed complex neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with acute or chronic liver failure, characterized by symptoms linked with impaired brain function leading to neurological disabilities. The l-arginine—nitric oxide (NO) pathway is crucially involved in the pathomechanism of HE via modulating important cerebral processes that are thought to contribute to the major HE symptoms. Specifically, activation of this pathway in acute HE leads to an increase in NO production and free radical formation, thus, contributing to astrocytic swelling and cerebral edema. Moreover, the NO-cGMP pathway seems to be involved in cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation, altered in HE. For this reason, depressed NO-cGMP signaling accompanying chronic HE and ensuing cGMP deficit contributes to the cognitive and motor failure. However, it should be remembered that ADMA, a relatively little known element limiting NO synthesis in HE, may also influence the NO-cGMP pathway regulation. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of ADMA to the regulation of the NO-cGMP pathway in the brain, correlation of ADMA level with CBF and cognitive alterations observed during HE progression in patients and/or animal models of HE.
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19
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Activation of Protein Kinase G (PKG) Reduces Neointimal Hyperplasia, Inhibits Platelet Aggregation, and Facilitates Re-endothelialization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36979. [PMID: 27833146 PMCID: PMC5105062 DOI: 10.1038/srep36979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of its great success in reducing restenosis, drug-eluting stent (DES) has unfavorable aspects such as stent thrombosis and delayed re-endothelialization. We examined the effects of PKG activation by Exisulind on neointimal formation, platelet aggregation, and re-endothelialization. Exisulind significantly reduced VSMCs viability, cell cycle progression, migration, and neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury in rat carotid arteries. Interestingly, in contrast to the effect on VSMC viability, Exisulind did not reduce the viability of endothelial cells. Increased PKG activity by Exisulind inhibited PDGF-stimulated phenotype change of VSMCs from a contractile to a synthetic form. Conversely, the use of PKG inhibitor or gene transfer of dominant-negative PKG reversed the effects of Exisulind, resulting in the increased viability of VSMCs and neointimal formation. In addition, Exisulind facilitated the differentiation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to endothelial lineage via PKG pathway, while inhibiting to VSMCs lineage, which was correlated with the enhanced re-endothelialization in vivo. Finally, Exisulind reduced platelet aggregation, which was mediated via PKG activation. This study demonstrated that Exisulind inhibits neointimal formation and platelet aggregation while increasing re-endothelialization via PKG pathway. These findings suggest that Exisulind could be a promising candidate drug of DES for the prevention of restenosis without other complications.
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20
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Nitric oxide promotes epidermal stem cell migration via cGMP-Rho GTPase signalling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30687. [PMID: 27469024 PMCID: PMC4965828 DOI: 10.1038/srep30687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The migration and reepithelization of epidermal stem cells (ESCs) are the most critical processes in wound healing. The gaseous messenger nitric oxide (NO) has multiple biological effects, but its actions on ESCs are poorly understood. In this study, an NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), was found to facilitate the in vitro migration of human ESCs (huESCs) in both live-imaging and scratch models. In addition, pull-down assays demonstrated that SNAP could activate the small GTPases RhoA and Rac1 of the Rho family, but not Cdc42. Moreover, the effects of SNAP on the migration and F-actin polymerization of ESCs could be blocked by inhibitors of cGMP, PKG, RhoA or Rac1, and by a specific siRNA of RhoA or Rac1, but not by a Cdc42 inhibitor or siRNA. Furthermore, the roles of NO in ESC migration via cGMP-Rho GTPase signalling in vivo were confirmed by tracing 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-labelled cells in a superficial, partial-thickness scald mouse model. Thus, the present study demonstrated that the NO donor SNAP could promote huESC migration in vitro. Furthermore, NO was found to induce ESC migration via cGMP-Rho GTPase RhoA and Rac1 signalling, but not Cdc42 signalling, both in vivo and in vitro.
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21
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Liu N, Mei L, Fan X, Tang C, Ji X, Hu X, Shi W, Qian Y, Hussain M, Wu J, Wang C, Lin S, Wu X. Phosphodiesterase 5/protein kinase G signal governs stemness of prostate cancer stem cells through Hippo pathway. Cancer Lett 2016; 378:38-50. [PMID: 27179930 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are critical for initiation, metastasis, and relapse of cancers, however, the underlying mechanism governing stemness of CSC remains unknown. Herein, we have investigated the roles of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) in stemness of prostate cancer cells. Both PDE5 and WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein-1 (TAZ), a core effector of Hippo pathway, are highly expressed in the PC3-derived cancer stem cells (PCSC). Either TAZ knockdown or inhibition of PDE5 activity attenuated colony formation, altered expression patterns of stem cell markers, and enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity, resulting in attenuation of stemness in PCSC. In addition, inhibition of PDE5 activity by its specific inhibitors activates cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG), which in turn induces MST/LATS kinases, resulting in cytosolic degradation of TAZ and activation of Hippo pathway. Accordingly, knockdown of TAZ almost completely abolished PDE5 inhibitor-induced attenuation in stemness in cultured PCSC, whereas knockdown of TAZ not only abolished PDE5 inhibitor-induced attenuation in stemness but also facilitated PDE5 inhibitor-induced trans-differentiation in PCSC xenografts. Together, the present study has uncovered that PDE/cGMP/PKG signal targets to Hippo/TAZ pathway in maintaining stemness of PCSC, and suggested that PDE5 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapeutic agents could effectively prevent initiation, metastasis, and relapse of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liu Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Shaoxing People's Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Musaddique Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junsong Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaojun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Program of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Acharya S, Rogers P, Krishnamoorthy RR, Stankowska DL, Dias HR, Yorio T. Design and synthesis of novel hybrid sydnonimine and prodrug useful for glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1490-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Kunieda K, Tsutsuki H, Ida T, Kishimoto Y, Kasamatsu S, Sawa T, Goshima N, Itakura M, Takahashi M, Akaike T, Ihara H. 8-Nitro-cGMP Enhances SNARE Complex Formation through S-Guanylation of Cys90 in SNAP25. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015. [PMID: 26221773 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrated guanine nucleotide 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP) generated by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species causes protein S-guanylation. However, the mechanism of 8-nitro-cGMP formation and its protein targets in the normal brain have not been identified. Here, we investigated 8-nitro-cGMP generation and protein S-guanylation in the rodent brain. Immunohistochemistry indicated that 8-nitro-cGMP was produced by neurons, such as pyramidal cells and interneurons. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we determined endogenous 8-nitro-cGMP levels in the brain as 2.92 ± 0.10 pmol/mg protein. Based on S-guanylation proteomics, we identified several S-guanylated neuronal proteins, including SNAP25 which is a core member of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex. SNAP25 post-translational modification including palmitoylation, phosphorylation, and oxidation, are known to regulate neurotransmission. Our results demonstrate that S-guanylation of SNAP25 enhanced the stability of the SNARE complex, which was further promoted by Ca(2+)-dependent activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we identified SNAP25 cysteine 90 as the main target of S-guanylation which enhanced the stability of the SNARE complex. The present study revealed a novel target of redox signaling via protein S-guanylation in the nervous system and provided the first substantial evidence of 8-nitro-cGMP function in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kunieda
- Department
of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tsutsuki
- Department
of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate
School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kishimoto
- Department
of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate
School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department
of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Naoki Goshima
- Quantitative
Proteomics Team, Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Makoto Itakura
- Department
of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masami Takahashi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate
School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department
of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Arab HA, Muhammadnejad S, Faghihi SM, Hassanpour H, Muhammadnejad A. Effects of nitric oxide modulating activities on development of enteric nervous system mediated gut motility in chick embryo model. J Biosci 2015; 39:835-48. [PMID: 25431412 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-014-9474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) arises from the enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCCs), and many molecules and biochemical processes may be involved in its development. This study examined the effects of modulating embryonic nitric oxide (NO) activity on the intestinal motility induced by ENS. One-hundred-and-twenty fertilized chicken eggs were assigned to three main groups and incubated at 37 degrees Centigrade and 60 percent humidity. The eggs were treated with NG-nitro-Larginine methyl ester (L-NAME), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), L-arginine (L-Arg) or vehicle from days 3 (1st group), 7 (2nd group) and 10 (3rd group) of incubation and continued up to day 18. On day 19, the embryos were sacrificed, the jejunal and colorectal segments were taken and the intestinal motility was assessed using isolated organ system. The intestinal motility was recorded normally and following cholinergic, adrenergic and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) stimulations. The ENS structure was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Rhythmic intestinal contractions were seen in all treatment groups, but inhibition of NO in the LNAME- treated embryos caused significant decrease (p less than 0.01) in the frequency and amplitude of the contraction. The responsiveness to adrenergic, cholinergic and NANC stimulations was also significantly decreased (p less than 0.05). The GFAP expression was significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced in the L-NAME-treated embryos. This study showed that the inhibition of NO caused a deficient development of the ENS, leading to a decrease in the frequency and amplitude of the intestinal contractions and reduced the responsiveness to adrenergic, cholinergic and NANC signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein-Ali Arab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,
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25
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Yao X, Wu Y, Zhu M, Qian H, Chen Y. Nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate inducers sodium nitroprusside and L-arginine inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells via the activation of type II cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:479-484. [PMID: 26171055 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) may activate soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), resulting in the increase of intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), a key molecule in the activation of type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG II). In our previous study, the membrane-permeable cGMP analogue 8-pCPT-cGMP was used to activate PKG II. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether NO/sGC-induced endogenous cGMP is able to activate PKG II and induce the corresponding effects. In the AGS gastric cancer cell line, the expression of PKG II was increased by infecting the cells with an adenoviral construct encoding PKG II cDNA (Ad-PKG II) and the activation of PKG II was induced by 8-pCPT-cGMP (positive control), the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and the NO precursor L-arginine. ELISA was performed to detect the concentration of cGMP in AGS cells and the Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to analyze the proliferation of differently treated cells. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression and phosphorylation of associated proteins. The results demonstrated that the level of cGMP was increased in cells treated with the NO donor or precursor. There was an obvious increase of Ser239 phosphorylation of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, representing the increase in the activity of PKG II. The epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced proliferation of AGS cells was inhibited by infection with Ad-PKG II and treatment with SNP or L-arginine. In addition, EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) and tyrosine/serine phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were also inhibited by infection with Ad-PKG II and treatment with the NO donor or precursor. These data indicated that NO donors and precursors may activate the expression of PKG II, thereby blocking EGF-initiated signaling of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK pathway and inhibiting EGF-induced proliferative activity through preventing the phosphorylation of EGFR at tyr1068.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Yao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Miaolin Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Hai Qian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yongchang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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26
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Totzeck M, Schicho A, Stock P, Kelm M, Rassaf T, Hendgen-Cotta UB. Nitrite circumvents canonical cGMP signaling to enhance proliferation of myocyte precursor cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 401:175-83. [PMID: 25501648 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue has a remarkable high regenerative capacity. The underlying cellular events are governed by complex signaling processes, and the proliferation of skeletal myoblasts is a key initial event. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in cell cycle regulation is well-appreciated. Nitrite, an NO oxidation product, is a stable source for NO-like bioactivity particularly in cases when oxygen shortage compromises NO-synthases activity. Although numerous studies suggest that nitrite effects are largely related to NO-dependent signaling, emerging evidence also implicates that nitrite itself can activate protein pathways albeit under physiological, normoxic conditions. This includes a recently demonstrated cyclic guanosine monophosphate-(cGMP)-independent enhancement of endothelial cell proliferation. Whether nitrite itself has the potential to affect myoblast proliferation and metabolism with or without activation of the canonical NO/cGMP pathway to subsequently support muscle cell regeneration is not known. Here we show that nitrite increases proliferation and metabolic activity of murine cultured myoblasts dose-dependently. This effect is not abolished by the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimida-zoline-1-oxyl-3 oxide and does not affect intracellular cGMP levels, implicating a cGMP-independent mechanism. Nitrite circumvents the rapamycin induced attenuation of myoblast proliferation and enhances mTOR activity. Our results provide evidence for a novel potential physiological and therapeutic approach of nitrite in skeletal muscle regeneration processes under normoxia independent of NO and cGMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Totzeck
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Carreira BP, Morte MI, Santos AI, Lourenço AS, Ambrósio AF, Carvalho CM, Araújo IM. Nitric oxide from inflammatory origin impairs neural stem cell proliferation by inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:343. [PMID: 25389386 PMCID: PMC4211408 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is characterized by activation of microglial cells, followed by production of nitric oxide (NO), which may have different outcomes on neurogenesis, favoring or inhibiting this process. In the present study, we investigated how the inflammatory mediator NO can affect proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs), and explored possible mechanisms underlying this effect. We investigated which mechanisms are involved in the regulation of NSC proliferation following treatment with an inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide plus IFN-γ), using a culture system of subventricular zone (SVZ)-derived NSCs mixed with microglia cells obtained from wild-type mice (iNOS(+/+)) or from iNOS knockout mice (iNOS(-/-)). We found an impairment of NSC cell proliferation in iNOS(+/+) mixed cultures, which was not observed in iNOS(-/-) mixed cultures. Furthermore, the increased release of NO by activated iNOS(+/+) microglial cells decreased the activation of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway, which was concomitant with an enhanced nitration of the EGF receptor. Preventing nitrogen reactive species formation with MnTBAP, a scavenger of peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), or using the ONOO(-) degradation catalyst FeTMPyP, cell proliferation and ERK signaling were restored to basal levels in iNOS(+/+) mixed cultures. Moreover, exposure to the NO donor NOC-18 (100 μM), for 48 h, inhibited SVZ-derived NSC proliferation. Regarding the antiproliferative effect of NO, we found that NOC-18 caused the impairment of signaling through the ERK/MAPK pathway, which may be related to increased nitration of the EGF receptor in NSC. Using MnTBAP nitration was prevented, maintaining ERK signaling, rescuing NSC proliferation. We show that NO from inflammatory origin leads to a decreased function of the EGF receptor, which compromised proliferation of NSC. We also demonstrated that NO-mediated nitration of the EGF receptor caused a decrease in its phosphorylation, thus preventing regular proliferation signaling through the ERK/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Carreira
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria I Morte
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana I Santos
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal ; Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal ; Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, CBME/IBB, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana S Lourenço
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal ; Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal ; Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, CBME/IBB, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal
| | - António F Ambrósio
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal ; Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Caetana M Carvalho
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês M Araújo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal ; Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, CBME/IBB, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal
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28
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Zabłocka A, Urbaniak A, Kuropatwa M, Zyzak J, Rossowska J, Janusz M. Can proline-rich polypeptide complex mimic the effect of nerve growth factor? Biofactors 2014; 40:501-12. [PMID: 25042242 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring compounds that can act as prosurvival factors and neurite formation stimulants in the conditions of reduced neurotrophins production are important both in neuronal protection and therapy of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the role of proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) and its nonapeptide fragment (NP) in the promotion of pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) survival and neurite outgrowth pathway is presented. It was shown that PRP/NP did not affect the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) at the transcriptional and protein level. However, the activity of nNOS and intracellular nitric oxide (NO) concentration was markedly increased after treatment of PC12 cells with peptides. This reaction was inhibited by L-NAME-nNOS inhibitor. It was shown that PRP and NP induce the soluble guanylyl cyclase to release higher amount of cyclic GMP (cGMP), and subsequently, the increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) is observed. This effect was abolished by both U0126 (inhibitor of ERK1/2) and also by L-NAME. Reduction of ERK1/2 activity observed in the presence of nNOS inhibitor suggests that its activation is NO-dependent. The presented results shed some light on the mechanism of action of PRP complex. PRP and NP can activate NO/cGMP/ERK1/2 signaling pathway, similarly to nerve growth factor (NGF). The prosurvival action and short fibers formation suggest the role of PRP and NP in neuroprotection and the initiation of neuritogenesis. They can also participate in the amplification of signals controlling the survival and differentiation of neurons effect when the deficit of NGF takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zabłocka
- Department of Immunochemistry, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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29
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Tardivo V, Crobeddu E, Pilloni G, Fontanella M, Spena G, Panciani PP, Berjano P, Ajello M, Bozzaro M, Agnoletti A, Altieri R, Fiumefreddo A, Zenga F, Ducati A, Garbossa D. Say "no" to spinal cord injury: is nitric oxide an option for therapeutic strategies? Int J Neurosci 2014; 125:81-90. [PMID: 24697508 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2014.908877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE a literature review was made to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in spinal cord injury, a pathological condition that leads to motor, sensory, and autonomic deficit. Besides, we were interested in potential therapeutic strategies interfering with NO mechanism of secondary damage. MATERIALS A literature search using PubMed Medline database has been performed. RESULTS excessive NO production after spinal cord injury promotes oxidative damage perpetuating the injury causing neuronal loss at the injured site and in the surrounding area. CONCLUSION different therapeutic approaches for contrasting or avoiding NO secondary damage have been studied, these include nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, compounds that interfere with inducible NO synthase expression, and molecules working as antioxidant. Further studies are needed to explain the neuroprotective or cytotoxic role of the different isoforms of NO synthase and the other mediators that take part or influence the NO cascade. In this way, it would be possible to find new therapeutic targets and furthermore to extend the experimentation to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Tardivo
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
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30
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Stimulation of neural stem cell proliferation by inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:878397. [PMID: 24550991 PMCID: PMC3914480 DOI: 10.1155/2014/878397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) in neurogenesis has been progressively unmasked over the last decade. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) specifically degrades cGMP and is highly abundant in the mammalian brain. Inhibition of cGMP hydrolysis by blocking PDE5 is a possible strategy to enhance the first step of neurogenesis, proliferation of neural stem cells (NSC). In this work, we have studied the effect on cell proliferation of 3 inhibitors with different selectivity and potency for PDE5, T0156, sildenafil, and zaprinast, using subventricular zone-(SVZ-) derived NSC cultures. We observed that a short- (6 h) or a long-term (24 h) treatment with PDE5 inhibitors increased SVZ-derived NSC proliferation. Cell proliferation induced by PDE5 inhibitors was dependent on the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and was abolished by inhibitors of MAPK signaling, soluble guanylyl cyclase, and protein kinase G. Moreover, sildenafil neither activated ERK1/2 nor altered p27Kip1 levels, suggesting the involvement of pathways different from those activated by T0156 or zaprinast. In agreement with the present results, PDE5 inhibitors may be an interesting therapeutic approach for enhancing the proliferation stage of adult neurogenesis.
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31
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Does Restraining Nitric Oxide Biosynthesis Rescue from Toxins-Induced Parkinsonism and Sporadic Parkinson's Disease? Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:262-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Arora K, Sinha C, Zhang W, Ren A, Moon CS, Yarlagadda S, Naren AP. Compartmentalization of cyclic nucleotide signaling: a question of when, where, and why? Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:1397-407. [PMID: 23604972 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Preciseness of cellular behavior depends upon how an extracellular cue mobilizes a correct orchestra of cellular messengers and effector proteins spatially and temporally. This concept, termed compartmentalization of cellular signaling, is now known to form the molecular basis of many aspects of cellular behavior in health and disease. The cyclic nucleotides cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate are ubiquitous cellular messengers that can be compartmentalized in three ways: first, by their physical containment; second, by formation of multiple protein signaling complexes; and third, by their selective depletion. Compartmentalized cyclic nucleotide signaling is a very prevalent response among all cell types. In order to understand how it becomes relevant to cellular behavior, it is important to know how it is executed in cells to regulate physiological responses and, also, how its execution or dysregulation can lead to a pathophysiological condition, which forms the scope of the presented review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavisha Arora
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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33
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Li SC, Yin HZ, Loudon WG, Weiss JH. Cultivating stem cells for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. World J Stem Cells 2012; 4:117-9. [PMID: 23516096 PMCID: PMC3600561 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v4.i12.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This editorial addresses the current challenges and future directions in the use of stem cells as an approach for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A wide variety of literature has been reviewed to enlighten the reader on the many facets of stem cell research that are important to consider before using them for a cell based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Calvin Li
- Shengwen Calvin Li, William G Loudon, CHOC Children's Hospital, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, United States
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34
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Regulation of injury-induced neurogenesis by nitric oxide. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:895659. [PMID: 22997523 PMCID: PMC3444935 DOI: 10.1155/2012/895659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The finding that neural stem cells (NSCs) are able to divide, migrate, and differentiate into several cellular types in the adult brain raised a new hope for restorative neurology. Nitric oxide (NO), a pleiotropic signaling molecule in the central nervous system (CNS), has been described to be able to modulate neurogenesis, acting as a pro- or antineurogenic agent. Some authors suggest that NO is a physiological inhibitor of neurogenesis, while others described NO to favor neurogenesis, particularly under inflammatory conditions. Thus, targeting the NO system may be a powerful strategy to control the formation of new neurons. However, the exact mechanisms by which NO regulates neural proliferation and differentiation are not yet completely clarified. In this paper we will discuss the potential interest of the modulation of the NO system for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases or other pathological conditions that may affect the CNS.
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35
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Kraner SD, Novak KR, Wang Q, Peng J, Rich MM. Altered sodium channel-protein associations in critical illness myopathy. Skelet Muscle 2012; 2:17. [PMID: 22935229 PMCID: PMC3441911 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-2-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the acute phase of critical illness myopathy (CIM) there is inexcitability of skeletal muscle. In a rat model of CIM, muscle inexcitability is due to inactivation of sodium channels. A major contributor to this sodium channel inactivation is a hyperpolarized shift in the voltage dependence of sodium channel inactivation. The goal of the current study was to find a biochemical correlate of the hyperpolarized shift in sodium channel inactivation. Methods The rat model of CIM was generated by cutting the sciatic nerve and subsequent injections of dexamethasone for 7 days. Skeletal muscle membranes were prepared from gastrocnemius muscles, and purification and biochemical analyses carried out. Immunoprecipitations were performed with a pan-sodium channel antibody, and the resulting complexes probed in Western blots with various antibodies. Results We carried out analyses of sodium channel glycosylation, phosphorylation, and association with other proteins. Although there was some loss of channel glycosylation in the disease, as assessed by size analysis of glycosylated and de-glycosylated protein in control and CIM samples, previous work by other investigators suggest that such loss would most likely shift channel inactivation gating in a depolarizing direction; thus such loss was viewed as compensatory rather than causative of the disease. A phosphorylation site at serine 487 was identified on the NaV 1.4 sodium channel α subunit, but there was no clear evidence of altered phosphorylation in the disease. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments carried out with a pan-sodium channel antibody confirmed that the sodium channel was associated with proteins of the dystrophin associated protein complex (DAPC). This complex differed between control and CIM samples. Syntrophin, dystrophin, and plectin associated strongly with sodium channels in both control and disease conditions, while β-dystroglycan and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) associated strongly with the sodium channel only in CIM. Recording of action potentials revealed that denervated muscle in mice lacking nNOS was more excitable than control denervated muscle. Conclusion Taken together, these data suggest that the conformation/protein association of the sodium channel complex differs in control and critical illness myopathy muscle membranes; and suggest that nitric oxide signaling plays a role in development of muscle inexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Kraner
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State University School of Medicine, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
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36
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Velázquez E, Blázquez E, Ruiz-Albusac JM. Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) modulates the cGMP signalling pathway by regulating the expression of the soluble guanylyl cyclase receptor subunits in cultured rat astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 46:242-50. [PMID: 22806360 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effect of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) on the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling pathway and whether insulin or epidermal growth factor (EGF) might modulate the effects of GLP-2. GLP-2 produced a dose-dependent decrease in intracellular sodium nitroprusside-induced cGMP production. However, insulin induced an increase in the levels of cGMP that was dose-dependently decreased by the addition of GLP-2. By contrast, EGF induced a decrease in cGMP production, which was further reduced by the addition of GLP-2. To assess whether variations in cGMP production might be related with changes in some component of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), the expression of the α1, α2, and β1 subunits were determined by Western blot analysis. At 1 h, GLP-2 produced a decrease in the expression of both α1 and β1 in the cytosolic fraction, but at 24 h only β1was reduced. As expected, insulin induced an increase in the expression of both subunits after 1 h of incubation; this was decreased by the addition of GLP-2. Likewise, incubation with EGF for 24 h produced a decrease in the expression of both subunits that was maximal when GLP-2 was added. In addition, incubation with insulin for 1 h produced an increase in the expression of the α2 subunit, which was reduced by the addition of GLP-2. These results suggest that GLP-2 inhibits cGMP production by decreasing the cellular content of at least one subunit of the heterodimeric active form of the sGC, independently of the presence of insulin or EFG. This may open new insights into the actions of this neuropeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Velázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University Plaza S. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Lameu C, Trujillo CA, Schwindt TT, Negraes PD, Pillat MM, Morais KLP, Lebrun I, Ulrich H. Interactions between the NO-citrulline cycle and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in differentiation of neural stem cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:29690-701. [PMID: 22730318 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.338095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The diffusible messenger NO plays multiple roles in neuroprotection, neurodegeneration, and brain plasticity. Argininosuccinate synthase (AS) is a ubiquitous enzyme in mammals and the key enzyme of the NO-citrulline cycle, because it provides the substrate L-arginine for subsequent NO synthesis by inducible, endothelial, and neuronal NO synthase (NOS). Here, we provide evidence for the participation of AS and of the NO-citrulline cycle in the progress of differentiation of neural stem cells (NSC) into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. AS expression and activity and neuronal NOS expression, as well as l-arginine and NO(x) production, increased along neural differentiation, whereas endothelial NOS expression was augmented in conditions of chronic NOS inhibition during differentiation, indicating that this NOS isoform is amenable to modulation by extracellular cues. AS and NOS inhibition caused a delay in the progress of neural differentiation, as suggested by the decreased percentage of terminally differentiated cells. On the other hand, BDNF reversed the delay of neural differentiation of NSC caused by inhibition of NO(x) production. A likely cause is the lack of NO, which up-regulated p75 neurotrophin receptor expression, a receptor required for BDNF-induced differentiation of NSC. We conclude that the NO-citrulline cycle acts together with BDNF for maintaining the progress of neural differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiana Lameu
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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Buono R, Vantaggiato C, Pisa V, Azzoni E, Bassi MT, Brunelli S, Sciorati C, Clementi E. Nitric oxide sustains long-term skeletal muscle regeneration by regulating fate of satellite cells via signaling pathways requiring Vangl2 and cyclic GMP. Stem Cells 2012; 30:197-209. [PMID: 22084027 PMCID: PMC3378700 DOI: 10.1002/stem.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Satellite cells are myogenic precursors that proliferate, activate, and differentiate on muscle injury to sustain the regenerative capacity of adult skeletal muscle; in this process, they self-renew through the return to quiescence of the cycling progeny. This mechanism, while efficient in physiological conditions does not prevent exhaustion of satellite cells in pathologies such as muscular dystrophy where numerous rounds of damage occur. Here, we describe a key role of nitric oxide, an important signaling molecule in adult skeletal muscle, on satellite cells maintenance, studied ex vivo on isolated myofibers and in vivo using the α-sarcoglycan null mouse model of dystrophy and a cardiotoxin-induced model of repetitive damage. Nitric oxide stimulated satellite cells proliferation in a pathway dependent on cGMP generation. Furthermore, it increased the number of Pax7+/Myf5− cells in a cGMP-independent pathway requiring enhanced expression of Vangl2, a member of the planar cell polarity pathway involved in the Wnt noncanonical pathway. The enhanced self-renewal ability of satellite cells induced by nitric oxide is sufficient to delay the reduction of the satellite cell pool during repetitive acute and chronic damages, favoring muscle regeneration; in the α-sarcoglycan null dystrophic mouse, it also slowed disease progression persistently. These results identify nitric oxide as a key messenger in satellite cells maintenance, expand the significance of the Vangl2-dependent Wnt noncanonical pathway in myogenesis, and indicate novel strategies to optimize nitric oxide-based therapies for muscular dystrophy. Stem Cells 2012; 30:197–209.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Buono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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Hoke NN, Salloum FN, Kass DA, Das A, Kukreja RC. Preconditioning by phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition improves therapeutic efficacy of adipose-derived stem cells following myocardial infarction in mice. Stem Cells 2012; 30:326-35. [PMID: 22102597 DOI: 10.1002/stem.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The rationale of this article is enhancing the therapeutic potential of stem cells in ischemic microenvironments by novel preconditioning strategies is critical for improving cellular therapy. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) with sildenafil (Viagra) or knockdown with a silencing vector in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) would improve their survival and enhance cardiac function following myocardial implantation in vivo. ASCs were treated with sildenafil or PDE-5 silencing vector short hairpin RNA (shRNA(PDE-5)) and subjected to simulated ischemia/reoxygenation in vitro. Both sildenafil and shRNA(PDE-5) significantly improved viability, decreased necrosis, apoptosis, and enhanced the release of growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), and insulin-like growth factor. Inhibition of protein kinase G reversed these effects. To show the beneficial effect of preconditioned ASCs in vivo, adult male CD-1 mice underwent myocardial infarction. Preconditioned ASCs (4 × 10(5)) were directly injected intramyocardially. Preconditioned ASC-treated hearts showed consistently superior cardiac function when compared with nonpreconditioned ASCs after 4 weeks of treatment. This was associated with significantly reduced fibrosis, increased vascular density, and decreased resident myocyte apoptosis when compared with mice receiving nonpreconditioned ASCs. VEGF, b-FGF, and Angiopoietin-1 were also significantly elevated 4 weeks after cell therapy with preconditioned ASCs. We conclude that preconditioning by inhibition of PDE-5 can be a powerful novel approach to improve stem cell therapy following myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas N Hoke
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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Non-invasive electromagnetic field therapy produces rapid and substantial pain reduction in early knee osteoarthritis: a randomized double-blind pilot study. Rheumatol Int 2012; 33:2169-73. [PMID: 22451021 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-012-2366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether a non-thermal, non-invasive, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF), known to modulate the calmodulin (CaM)-dependent nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway, could reduce pain in early knee OA. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot clinical study enrolled 34 patients. Patient selection required initial VAS ≥4, 2 h of standing activity per day, and no recent interventions such as cortisone injections or surgery. Results showed VAS pain score decreased in the active cohort by 50 ± 11% versus baseline starting at day 1 and persisting to day 42 (P < 0.001). There was no significant decrease in VAS versus baseline at any time point in the sham cohort (P = 0.227). The overall decrease in mean VAS score for the active cohort was nearly threefold that of the sham cohort (P < 0.001). The results suggest that non-thermal, non-invasive PEMF therapy can have a significant and rapid impact on pain from early knee OA and that larger clinical trials are warranted.
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Sharma NM, Zheng H, Li YF, Patel KP. Nitric oxide inhibits the expression of AT1 receptors in neurons. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 302:C1162-73. [PMID: 22218225 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00258.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously observed an increased of angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) with enhanced AT(1)R-mediated sympathetic outflow and concomitant downregulation of neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) with reduced NO-mediated inhibition from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in rats with heart failure. To test the hypothesis that NO exerts an inhibitory effect on AT(1)R expression in the PVN, we used primary cultured hypothalamic cells of neonatal rats and neuronal cell line NG108-15 as in vitro models. In hypothalamic primary culture, NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced dose-dependent decreases in mRNA and protein of AT(1)R (10(-5) M SNP, AT(1)R protein was 10 ± 2% of control level) while NOS inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA) induced dose-dependent increases in mRNA and protein levels of AT(1)R (10(-5) M l-NMMA, AT(1)R protein was 148 ± 8% of control level). Similar effects of SNP and l-NMMA on AT(1)R expression were also observed in NG108-15 cell line (10(-6) M SNP, AT(1)R protein was 30 ± 4% of control level while at the dose of 10(-6) M l-NMMA, AT(1)R protein was 171 ± 15% of the control level). Specific inhibition of nNOS, using antisense, caused an increase in AT(1)R expression while overexpression of nNOS, using adenoviral gene transfer (Ad.nNOS), caused an inhibition of AT(1)R expression in NG108 cells. Antisense nNOS transfection augmented the increase while Ad.nNOS infection blunted the increase in intracellular calcium concentration in response to ANG II treatment in NG108 cells. In addition, downregulation of AT(1)R mRNA as well as protein level in neuronal cell line in response to S-nitroso-N-acetyl pencillamine (SNAP) treatment was blocked by protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitor, while the peroxynitrite scavenger deforxamine had no effect. These results suggest that NO acts as an inhibitory regulator of AT(1)R expression and the activation of PKG is the required step in the regulation of AT(1)R gene expression via cGMP-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeru M Sharma
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198-5850, USA
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Mujoo K, Krumenacker JS, Murad F. Nitric oxide-cyclic GMP signaling in stem cell differentiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:2150-7. [PMID: 22019632 PMCID: PMC3232180 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide-cyclic GMP (NO-cGMP) pathway mediates important physiological functions associated with various integrative body systems including the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Furthermore, NO regulates cell growth, survival, apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation at the cellular level. To understand the significance of the NO-cGMP pathway in development and differentiation, studies have been conducted both in developing embryos and in stem cells. Manipulation of the NO-cGMP pathway, by employing activators and inhibitors as pharmacological probes, and genetic manipulation of NO signaling components have implicated the involvement of this pathway in the regulation of stem cell differentiation. This review focuses on some of the work pertaining to the role of NO-cGMP in the differentiation of stem cells into cells of various lineages, particularly into myocardial cells, and in stem cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Mujoo
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Keilhoff G. nNOS deficiency-induced cell proliferation depletes the neurogenic reserve. Neurosci Lett 2011; 505:248-53. [PMID: 22027181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) gene knockout on proliferation, survival and differentiation of neuronal precursors in the subgranular (SGZ) and subventricular (SVZ) zones were analyzed. Comparative studies were performed in neonatal, adult and old (18-month) wild-type (WT), nNOS, eNOS, and iNOS knockout (KO) mice. Effects on brain cell proliferation were studied by sacrificing animals at 24h after injecting BrdU, while effects on survival and differentiation of dividing brain cells were studied by sacrificing other animals at three weeks after injections and double immunostaining with cell phenotype-specific antibodies. In the neonatal SGZ, cell proliferation was higher than at any other age, with a significantly decreased level in eNOS-KO mice. In the neonatal SVZ, cell proliferation in each of the three NOS-KO strains was significantly lower than in WT. In the adult, in both the SGZ and SVZ, all strains showed lower levels of cell proliferation than in neonates. Thereby, the significant highest cell proliferation was found in the SGZ and SVZ of nNOS-KO mice. In the SGZ and SVZ of old mice, in each strain, BrdU-positive cell counts were further reduced from adult levels, whereby cell proliferation of nNOS-KO mice attained the most massive reduction (in the SGZ almost to zero). In adult animals sacrificed 21 days after BrdU injections, values of BrdU-/NeuN-positive cells in all knockout animals were the same as WT, indicating that the initial cell proliferation changes were not sustained or translated into neuronal differentiation. The effect of nNOS-KO, inducing cell proliferation only temporarily, consists with the concept that neuronal stem cells have a finite proliferation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerburg Keilhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Wagner MCE. The therapeutic potential of adenosine triphosphate as an immune modulator in the treatment of HIV/AIDS: a combination approach with HAART. Curr HIV Res 2011; 9:209-22. [PMID: 21675943 PMCID: PMC3343418 DOI: 10.2174/157016211796320289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) is a potent molecule that has the capacity to modulate various aspects of cell functions including gene expression. This element of modulation is essential to the role of ATP as a therapeutic agent. The hypothesis presented is that ATP can have an important impact on the treatment of HIV infection. This is supported in part by published research, although a much greater role for ATP is suggested than prior authors ever thought possible. ATP has the ability to enhance the immune system and could thus improve the host's own defense mechanisms to eradicate the virus-infected cells and restore normal immune function. This could provide effective therapy when used in conjunction with highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) to eliminate the latently infected cells. The key lies in applying ATP through the methodology described. This article presents a strategy for using ATP therapeutically along with background evidence to substantiate the importance of using ATP in the treatment of HIV infection.
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Tegenge MA, Rockel TD, Fritsche E, Bicker G. Nitric oxide stimulates human neural progenitor cell migration via cGMP-mediated signal transduction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:2089-99. [PMID: 20957508 PMCID: PMC11114808 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal migration is one of the most critical processes during early brain development. The gaseous messenger nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to modulate neuronal and glial migration in various experimental models. Here, we analyze a potential role for NO signaling in the migration of fetal human neural progenitor cells. Cells migrate out of cultured neurospheres and differentiate into both neuronal and glial cells. The neurosphere cultures express neuronal nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylyl cyclase that produces cGMP upon activation with NO. By employing small bioactive enzyme activators and inhibitors in both gain and loss of function experiments, we show NO/cGMP signaling as a positive regulator of migration in neurosphere cultures of early developing human brain cells. Since NO signaling regulates cell movements from developing insects to mammalian nervous systems, this transduction pathway may have evolutionary conserved functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Million Adane Tegenge
- Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Dino Rockel
- Group of Molecular Toxicology, Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung at the Heinrich Heine-University gGmbH, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- Group of Molecular Toxicology, Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung at the Heinrich Heine-University gGmbH, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraûe 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerd Bicker
- Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
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Colasanti M, Persichini T, Venturini G. Nitric oxide pathway in lower metazoans. Nitric Oxide 2011; 23:94-100. [PMID: 20638951 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.05.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of nitric oxide (NO) pathway has been well demonstrated in the main invertebrate groups, showing parallel findings on the role of NO in vertebrates and invertebrates. Noteworthy is the example of the role played by the nitrergic pathway in the sensorial functions, mainly in olfactory-like systems. On the other hand, the emerging molecular information about NOSs from lower metazoans (Porifera, cnidarians up to higher invertebrates) suggests that NO pathways might represent examples of a parallel evolution of the NOS prototypes in different animal lineages. Nevertheless, increasing evidence suggests that NO is one of the earliest and most widespread signaling molecules in living organisms. Here, we attempt to provide a survey of current knowledge of the synthesis and possible roles of NO and the related signaling pathway in lower metazoans (i.e., Porifera and Cnidaria), two phyla forming a crucial bridge spanning the evolutionary gap between the protozoans and higher metazoans. From the literature data here reported, it emerges that future research on the biological roles of NO in basal metazoans is likely to be very important for understanding the evolution of signaling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colasanti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ROMA TRE, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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Ihara H, Ahtesham AK, Ida T, Kasamatsu S, Kunieda K, Okamoto T, Sawa T, Akaike T. Methodological proof of immunochemistry for specific identification of 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate formed in glia cells. Nitric Oxide 2011; 25:169-75. [PMID: 21565279 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The biological significance of nitrated guanine derivatives, especially 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP), has become evident. Therefore it is important to determine the presence and relative abundance of 8-nitro-cGMP formed in cells and tissues. In the present study, we performed immunocytochemistry with monoclonal antibodies specific for 8-nitroguanine (clone NO2-52) and 8-nitro-cGMP (clone 1G6) in rat C6 glioma cells and rat primary cultured astrocytes. Immunocytochemistry utilizing the anti-8-nitro-cGMP monoclonal antibody (1G6) indicated that immunostaining increased markedly in C6 cells expressing increased amounts of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) after treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus cytokines. Treatment of C6 cells with inhibitors for NOS and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) completely nullified the elevated 1G6 immunoreactivity. These results were consistent with the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses. Immunocytochemistry performed using NO2-52 also showed that treatment of cells with inhibitors for NOS and sGC completely nullified the elevated immunoreactivity; this indicated that 8-nitro-cGMP is a major component of 8-nitroguanine derivatives produced in cells. Similar results were obtained in the primary astrocytes stimulated with LPS plus cytokines. Because immunocytochemistry is a conventional, powerful, and fairly straightforward method for determining the presence, localization, and relative abundance of an antigen of interest in cultured cells, anti-8-nitroguanine (NO2-52) and anti-8-nitro-cGMP (1G6) antibodies could be useful tools for analyzing nitrated guanine nucleotides, especially 8-nitro-cGMP, by means of immunocytochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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Long Y, Li Q, Li J, Cui Z. Molecular analysis, developmental function and heavy metal-induced expression of ABCC5 in zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 158:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Ihara H, Sawa T, Nakabeppu Y, Akaike T. Nucleotides function as endogenous chemical sensors for oxidative stress signaling. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2010; 48:33-9. [PMID: 21297909 PMCID: PMC3022061 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-003fr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidized and nitrated nucleotides including 8-oxogunanine and 8-nitroguanine derivatives such as 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate were generated by reactive nitrogen oxides and reactive oxygen species in cultured cells and in tissues. 8-oxoguanine and 8-nitroguanine in DNA and RNA are potentially mutagenic, and the former also induces cell death. Some derivative, 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate a major nitrated guanine nucleotide, was identified as a novel second messenger. Surprisingly, the amount of 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate generated was found to be higher than that of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in cells expressing inducible nitric oxide synthase. More important, 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate is electrophilic and reacted efficiently with sulfhydryls of proteins to produce a novel posttranslational modification (named S-guanylation) via guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate adduction. For example, 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-induced S-guanylation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 led to NF-E2-related factor activation and induction of antioxidant enzymes. 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate may thus protect cells against oxidative stress-related cytotoxicity. Therefore, although chemically modified nucleotides produced via oxidative and nitrative stress are regarded simply as endogenous mutagens, the endogenous nucleotides stored in cells per se may serve functionally as a sensing mechanism for reactive nitrogen oxides and oxygen species to induce cellular adaptive responses to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Tian C, Ye F, Wang L, Deng Y, Dong Y, Wang X, Xu T, Lei T, Wang X. Nitric oxide inhibits ghrelin-induced cell proliferation and ERK1/2 activation in GH3 cells. Endocrine 2010; 38:412-6. [PMID: 20972719 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-010-9402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin stimulates growth hormone release and cell proliferation, which strongly supports a significant role for this peptide in the control of growth hormone-releasing adenomas function and growth. Nitric oxide can influence the stimulatory effects of ghrelin on growth hormone secretion in growth hormone-releasing adenomas. However, the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on ghrelin-induced cell proliferation and the mechanism of this effect in the adenoma were not clarified. In this study, we observed that ghrelin, at a concentration of 10⁻⁹ to 10⁻⁶ M, significantly increased BrdU incorporation into rat GH3 cells. A NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), blunted basal, and ghrelin-induced cell proliferation. A blocker of NO synthase, Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (NAME), had no influence on these actions. The activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 was examined by western blotting. The results showed that SNAP reduced ghrelin-stimulated ERK1/2 activation but NAME had no influence on this activation. Together, this study indicates that NO inhibited ghrelin-induced cell proliferation by blocking ERK1/2 activation in GH3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang Center People's Hospital, Yi-Ling-Da-Dao, 183, Yichang 443003, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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