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Steenberge LH, Rogers S, Sung AY, Fan J, Pagliarini DJ. Coenzyme Q 4 is a functional substitute for coenzyme Q 10 and can be targeted to the mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107269. [PMID: 38588811 PMCID: PMC11087978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an important cofactor and antioxidant for numerous cellular processes, and its deficiency has been linked to human disorders including mitochondrial disease, heart failure, Parkinson's disease, and hypertension. Unfortunately, treatment with exogenous CoQ10 is often ineffective, likely due to its extreme hydrophobicity and high molecular weight. Here, we show that less hydrophobic CoQ species with shorter isoprenoid tails can serve as viable substitutes for CoQ10 in human cells. We demonstrate that CoQ4 can perform multiple functions of CoQ10 in CoQ-deficient cells at markedly lower treatment concentrations, motivating further investigation of CoQ4 as a supplement for CoQ10 deficiencies. In addition, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of an initial set of compounds designed to target CoQ4 selectively to mitochondria using triphenylphosphonium. Our results indicate that select versions of these compounds can successfully be delivered to mitochondria in a cell model and be cleaved to produce CoQ4, laying the groundwork for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Steenberge
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; University of Wisconsin Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sean Rogers
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew Y Sung
- University of Wisconsin Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jing Fan
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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2
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Dominiak K, Galganski L, Budzinska A, Jarmuszkiewicz W. Coenzyme Q deficiency in endothelial mitochondria caused by hypoxia; remodeling of the respiratory chain and sensitivity to anoxia/reoxygenation. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 214:158-170. [PMID: 38364943 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of hypoxia on coenzyme Q (Q) levels and mitochondrial function in EA. hy926 endothelial cells, shedding light on their responses to changes in oxygen levels. Chronic hypoxia during endothelial cell culture reduced Q synthesis by reducing hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) levels via hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), leading to severe Q deficiency. In endothelial mitochondria, hypoxia led to reorganization of the respiratory chain through upregulation of supercomplexes (I+III2+IV), forming a complete mitochondrial Q (mQ)-mediated electron transfer pathway. Mitochondria of endothelial cells cultured under hypoxic conditions showed reduced respiratory rates and membrane potential, as well as increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) as a result of increased mQ reduction levels (mQH2/mQtot). Anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) in vitro caused impairment of endothelial mitochondria, manifested by reduced maximal respiration, complex III activity, membrane potential, coupling parameters, and increased mQ reduction and mROS production. Weaker A/R-induced changes compared to control mitochondria indicated better tolerance of A/R stress by the mitochondria of hypoxic cells. Moreover, in endothelial mitochondria, hypoxia-induced increases in uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) and mitochondrial large-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channel (mitoBKCa) levels and activities appear to have alleviated reoxygenation injury after A/R. These results not only highlight hypoxia-induced changes in mQ redox homeostasis and related mitochondrial function, but also indicate that chronic hypoxia during endothelial cell culture leads to mitochondrial adaptations that help mitochondria better withstand subsequent oxygen fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dominiak
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Lukasz Galganski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Adrianna Budzinska
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
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3
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Garcia-Becerra C, Rojas A, Höcht C, Bernabeu E, Chiappetta D, Tevez S, Lucangioli S, Flor S, Tripodi V. Characterization and bioavailability of a novel coenzyme Q 10 nanoemulsion used as an infant formula supplement. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122656. [PMID: 36716829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), in patients with its deficiency, has greater odds of success if the treatment is carried out early with an appropriate formulation. For neonatal CoQ10 deficiency, infant formula supplementation could be an attractive option. However, solid CoQ10 cannot be solubilized or dispersed in milk matrix leading to an inefficient CoQ10 dosage and poor intestinal absorption. We developed and characterized a high-dose CoQ10 oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion suitable to supplement infant formula without modifying its organoleptic characteristics. CoQ10 powder and soy lecithin were solubilized in an oil phase consisted of Labrasol® and LabrafacTM. The aqueous phase was Tween 80, TPGS, methylparaben and propylparaben. O/W nanoemulsion was prepared by adding dropwise the oil phase to the aqueous phase under stirring to a final concentration of CoQ10 9.5 % w/w followed by ultrasonic homogenization. Pharmacotechnical parameters were determined. This formulation resulted to be easily to be dispersed in milk matrix, stable for at least 90 days, with no cytotoxicity in in vitro assays, and higher bioavailability than CoQ10 powder. CoQ10 nanoemulsion supplementation in the infant formula facilitates the individualized administration for the child with accurate dosage, overcome swallowing difficulties and in turn could increase the treatment adherence and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Garcia-Becerra
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Tecnología Farmacéutica y Biofarmacia (InTecFyB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Rojas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Industrias-ITAPROQ, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Christian Höcht
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Tecnología Farmacéutica y Biofarmacia (InTecFyB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Bernabeu
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Tecnología Farmacéutica y Biofarmacia (InTecFyB), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Diego Chiappetta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Tecnología Farmacéutica y Biofarmacia (InTecFyB), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Sergio Tevez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; PROANALISIS S.A., Av. San Martín 2355, B1661HVJ Bella Vista, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Lucangioli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Tecnología Farmacéutica y Biofarmacia (InTecFyB), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Sabrina Flor
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Tecnología Farmacéutica y Biofarmacia (InTecFyB), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Valeria Tripodi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Tecnología Farmacéutica y Biofarmacia (InTecFyB), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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4
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Xia X, Tao C, Du K, Meng P, Hu L, Cheng D, Liu X, Bu Y, Fan X, Chen Q. SKA2-mediated transcriptional downregulation of the key enzyme of CoQ 10 biosynthesis PDSS2 in lung cancer cells. J Cancer 2023; 14:379-392. [PMID: 36860919 PMCID: PMC9969585 DOI: 10.7150/jca.79058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. SKA2 is a novel cancer-associated gene that plays critical roles in both cell cycle and tumorigenesis including lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its implication in lung cancer remains elusive. In this study, we first analyzed the gene expression profiling after SKA2 knockdown, and identified several candidate downstream target genes of SKA2, including PDSS2, the first key enzyme in CoQ10 biosynthesis pathway. Further experiments verified that SKA2 remarkably repressed PDSS2 gene expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Luciferase reporter assay showed that SKA2 repressed PDSS2 promoter activity through its Sp1-binding sites. Co-immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that SKA2 associated with Sp1. Functional analysis revealed that PDSS2 remarkably suppressed lung cancer cell growth and motility. Furthermore, SKA2-induced malignant features can be also significantly attenuated by PDSS2 overexpression. However, CoQ10 treatment showed no obvious effects on lung cancer cell growth and motility. Of note, PDSS2 mutants with no catalytic activity exhibited comparable inhibitory effects on the malignant features of lung cancer cells and could also abrogate SKA2-promoted malignant phenotypes in lung cancer cells, highly suggesting a non-enzymatic tumor-suppressing activity of PDSS2 in lung cancer cells. The levels of PDSS2 expression were significantly decreased in lung cancer samples, and lung cancer patients with high expression of SKA2 and low expression of PDSS2 displayed remarkable poor prognosis. Collectively, our results demonstrated that PDSS2 is a novel downstream target gene of SKA2 in lung cancer cells, and the SKA2-PDSS2 transcriptional regulatory axis functionally contributes to human lung cancer cell malignant phenotypes and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chuntao Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kailong Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peixin Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lanyue Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xianjun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Youquan Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Quanmei Chen, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, 1# Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China. E-mail: (Q.C.); Phone: +86-23-6848-5991; Dr. Xiaoyan Fan, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taizhou University, 1139# Shifu Road, Jiaojiang Distrdict, Taizhou, Zhengjiang 318000, P. R. China. E-mail: (X. F.); Phone: +86 17816477567
| | - Quanmei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Quanmei Chen, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, 1# Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China. E-mail: (Q.C.); Phone: +86-23-6848-5991; Dr. Xiaoyan Fan, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taizhou University, 1139# Shifu Road, Jiaojiang Distrdict, Taizhou, Zhengjiang 318000, P. R. China. E-mail: (X. F.); Phone: +86 17816477567
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5
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Khaibullina DK, Maksimov YN. [Asthenic post-COVID syndrome]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:61-69. [PMID: 36946399 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312303161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy for post-COVID asthenic syndrome with multicomponent bioregulatory drugs Traumeel S, Ubichinon compositum and Coenzyme compositum. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 104 patients (averaged age 39.5 [30.8; 48] years) after COVID-19, clinically recovered from an acute infectious process, with asthenic syndrome lasting from 2 weeks to 6 months; the severity of asthenic syndrome on the asthenia VAS scale was at least 30 points. Before the start of the study, in addition to a physical examination, the patient's condition was assessed using the following questionnaires and scales: VAS for asthenia, subjective scale for assessing asthenia (MFI-20), L.D. Malkova, a questionnaire for the quality of life (EQ-5D), a questionnaire for identifying signs of autonomic disorders (Vayne A.M.). The patient's condition was monitored during follow-up visits 2 weeks, 1 month after the start of treatment and 1 month after the end of treatment. Patients of the main group received combination therapy, which included Traumeel S 1 tablet x 3 times a day, Ubichinone compositum and Coenzyme compositum 2.2 ml intramuscularly, alternating every other day, for 1 month (15 injections of each drug per course of treatment). Patients of the comparison group received eleutherococcus extract 100 mg during 30 days, 2 tablets x 2 times a day before mealsand vitamins B. The effectiveness of therapy was assessed by analysis of the asthenia severity (VAS scale), quality of life (EQ-5D questionnaire), patient satisfaction with treatment on a 5-point scale, which was carried out 1 month after the end of the course of treatment. RESULTS As a result of the treatment was positive. The general asthenia severity, low activity and motivation significantly decreased in patients of both groups without significant differences. At the same time, in patients of the comparison group, there was no correlation between the quality of life and physical and mental asthenia, while in the main group there was an inverse correlation with the asthenia severity, which indicates an increase in the quality of life with a decrease in the severity of asthenia. One of the significant differences was the regression of headache and musculoskeletal pain in patients of the main group. CONCLUSION The advantage of combined therapy of post-COVID asthenic syndrome with bioregulation therapy Traumeel S, Ubichinone compositum and Coenzyme compositum was shown in comparison with one of the common treatment regimens, including eleutherococcus extract and combined preparations of B vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kh Khaibullina
- Kazan State Medical Academy - branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Kazan, Russia
| | - Y N Maksimov
- Kazan State Medical Academy - branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Kazan, Russia
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6
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Pisanti S, Rimondi E, Pozza E, Melloni E, Zauli E, Bifulco M, Martinelli R, Marcuzzi A. Prenylation Defects and Oxidative Stress Trigger the Main Consequences of Neuroinflammation Linked to Mevalonate Pathway Deregulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159061. [PMID: 35897423 PMCID: PMC9332440 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterol biosynthesis represents a crucial metabolic pathway for cellular homeostasis. The end products of this pathway are sterols, such as cholesterol, which are essential components of cell membranes, precursors of steroid hormones, bile acids, and other molecules such as ubiquinone. Furthermore, some intermediates of this metabolic system perform biological activity in specific cellular compartments, such as isoprenoid molecules that can modulate different signal proteins through the prenylation process. The defects of prenylation represent one of the main causes that promote the activation of inflammation. In particular, this mechanism, in association with oxidative stress, induces a dysfunction of the mitochondrial activity. The purpose of this review is to describe the pleiotropic role of prenylation in neuroinflammation and to highlight the consequence of the defects of prenylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pisanti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ′Scuola Medica Salernitana′, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Elena Pozza
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Melloni
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Enrico Zauli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ′Scuola Medica Salernitana′, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Annalisa Marcuzzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
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7
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Gayathri N, Deepha S, Sharma S. Diagnosis of primary mitochondrial disorders -Emphasis on myopathological aspects. Mitochondrion 2021; 61:69-84. [PMID: 34592422 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are one of the most common neurometabolic disorders affecting all age groups. The phenotype-genotype heterogeneity in these disorders can be attributed to the dual genetic control on mitochondrial functions, posing a challenge for diagnosis. Though the advancement in the high-throughput sequencing and other omics platforms resulted in a "genetics-first" approach, the muscle biopsy remains the benchmark in most of the mitochondrial disorders. This review focuses on the myopathological aspects of primary mitochondrial disorders. The utility of muscle biopsy is not limited to analyse the structural abnormalities; rather it also proves to be a potential tool to understand the deranged sub-cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanappa Gayathri
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560 029, India.
| | - Sekar Deepha
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560 029, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560 029, India
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8
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Moschetti A, Dagda RK, Ryan RO. Coenzyme Q nanodisks counteract the effect of statins on C2C12 myotubes. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 37:102439. [PMID: 34256063 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Depletion of coenzyme Q (CoQ) is associated with disease, ranging from myopathy to heart failure. To induce a CoQ deficit, C2C12 myotubes were incubated with high dose simvastatin. This resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of cell viability. Simvastatin-induced effects were prevented by co-incubation with mevalonic acid. When myotubes were incubated with 60 μM simvastatin, mitochondrial CoQ content decreased while co-incubation with CoQ nanodisks (ND) increased mitochondrial CoQ levels and improved cell viability. Incubation of myotubes with simvastatin also led to a reduction in oxygen consumption rate (OCR). When myotubes were co-incubated with simvastatin and CoQ ND, the decline in OCR was ameliorated. The data indicate that CoQ ND represent a water soluble vehicle capable of delivering CoQ to cultured myotubes. Thus, these biocompatible nanoparticles have the potential to bypass poor CoQ oral bioavailability as a treatment option for individuals with severe CoQ deficiency syndromes and/or aging-related CoQ depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Moschetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV
| | - Ruben K Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV
| | - Robert O Ryan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV.
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9
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Navas P, Cascajo MV, Alcázar-Fabra M, Hernández-Camacho JD, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Rodríguez ABC, Ballesteros-Simarro M, Arroyo-Luque A, Rodríguez-Aguilera JC, Fernández-Ayala DJM, Brea-Calvo G, López-Lluch G, Santos-Ocaña C. Secondary CoQ 10 deficiency, bioenergetics unbalance in disease and aging. Biofactors 2021; 47:551-569. [PMID: 33878238 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) deficiency is a rare disease characterized by a decreased accumulation of CoQ10 in cell membranes. Considering that CoQ10 synthesis and most of its functions are carried out in mitochondria, CoQ10 deficiency cases are usually considered a mitochondrial disease. A relevant feature of CoQ10 deficiency is that it is the only mitochondrial disease with a successful therapy available, the CoQ10 supplementation. Defects in components of the synthesis machinery caused by mutations in COQ genes generate the primary deficiency of CoQ10 . Mutations in genes that are not directly related to the synthesis machinery cause secondary deficiency. Cases of CoQ10 deficiency without genetic origin are also considered a secondary deficiency. Both types of deficiency can lead to similar clinical manifestations, but the knowledge about primary deficiency is deeper than secondary. However, secondary deficiency cases may be underestimated since many of their clinical manifestations are shared with other pathologies. This review shows the current state of secondary CoQ10 deficiency, which could be even more relevant than primary deficiency for clinical activity. The analysis covers the fundamental features of CoQ10 deficiency, which are necessary to understand the biological and clinical differences between primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies. Further, a more in-depth analysis of CoQ10 secondary deficiency was undertaken to consider its origins, introduce a new way of classification, and include aging as a form of secondary deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María V Cascajo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan D Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Cortés Rodríguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Ballesteros-Simarro
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Arroyo-Luque
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel J M Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, de la Cruz-Ares S, Torres-Peña JD, Alcalá-Diaz JF, Yubero-Serrano EM, López-Miranda J. Coenzyme Q 10 and Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060906. [PMID: 34205085 PMCID: PMC8229886 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which plays a key role in the electron transport chain by providing an adequate, efficient supply of energy, has another relevant function as an antioxidant, acting in mitochondria, other cell compartments, and plasma lipoproteins. CoQ10 deficiency is present in chronic and age-related diseases. In particular, in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), there is a reduced bioavailability of CoQ10 since statins, one of the most common lipid-lowering drugs, inhibit the common pathway shared by CoQ10 endogenous biosynthesis and cholesterol biosynthesis. Different clinical trials have analyzed the effect of CoQ10 supplementation as a treatment to ameliorate these deficiencies in the context of CVDs. In this review, we focus on recent advances in CoQ10 supplementation and the clinical implications in the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors (such as lipid and lipoprotein levels, blood pressure, or endothelial function) as well as in a therapeutic approach for the reduction of the clinical complications of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M. Gutierrez-Mariscal
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (S.d.l.C.-A.); (J.D.T.-P.); (J.F.A.-D.); (E.M.Y.-S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Silvia de la Cruz-Ares
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (S.d.l.C.-A.); (J.D.T.-P.); (J.F.A.-D.); (E.M.Y.-S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose D. Torres-Peña
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (S.d.l.C.-A.); (J.D.T.-P.); (J.F.A.-D.); (E.M.Y.-S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan F. Alcalá-Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (S.d.l.C.-A.); (J.D.T.-P.); (J.F.A.-D.); (E.M.Y.-S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elena M. Yubero-Serrano
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (S.d.l.C.-A.); (J.D.T.-P.); (J.F.A.-D.); (E.M.Y.-S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (S.d.l.C.-A.); (J.D.T.-P.); (J.F.A.-D.); (E.M.Y.-S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-957-012-830
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11
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López-Pedrera C, Villalba JM, Patiño-Trives AM, Luque-Tévar M, Barbarroja N, Aguirre MÁ, Escudero-Contreras A, Pérez-Sánchez C. Therapeutic Potential and Immunomodulatory Role of Coenzyme Q 10 and Its Analogues in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040600. [PMID: 33924642 PMCID: PMC8069673 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a mitochondrial electron carrier and a powerful lipophilic antioxidant located in membranes and plasma lipoproteins. CoQ10 is endogenously synthesized and obtained from the diet, which has raised interest in its therapeutic potential against pathologies related to mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced oxidative stress. Novel formulations of solubilized CoQ10 and the stabilization of reduced CoQ10 (ubiquinol) have improved its bioavailability and efficacy. Synthetic analogues with increased solubility, such as idebenone, or accumulated selectively in mitochondria, such as MitoQ, have also demonstrated promising properties. CoQ10 has shown beneficial effects in autoimmune diseases. Leukocytes from antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) patients exhibit an oxidative perturbation closely related to the prothrombotic status. In vivo ubiquinol supplementation in APS modulated the overexpression of inflammatory and thrombotic risk-markers. Mitochondrial abnormalities also contribute to immune dysregulation and organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Idebenone and MitoQ improved clinical and immunological features of lupus-like disease in mice. Clinical trials and experimental models have further demonstrated a therapeutic role for CoQ10 in Rheumatoid Arthritis, multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes. This review summarizes the effects of CoQ10 and its analogs in modulating processes involved in autoimmune disorders, highlighting the potential of these therapeutic approaches for patients with immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chary López-Pedrera
- Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital/Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (A.M.P.-T.); (M.L.-T.); (N.B.); (M.Á.A.); (A.E.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-957-213795
| | - José Manuel Villalba
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Physiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Córdoba, ceiA3, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.M.V.); (C.P.-S.)
| | - Alejandra Mª Patiño-Trives
- Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital/Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (A.M.P.-T.); (M.L.-T.); (N.B.); (M.Á.A.); (A.E.-C.)
| | - Maria Luque-Tévar
- Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital/Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (A.M.P.-T.); (M.L.-T.); (N.B.); (M.Á.A.); (A.E.-C.)
| | - Nuria Barbarroja
- Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital/Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (A.M.P.-T.); (M.L.-T.); (N.B.); (M.Á.A.); (A.E.-C.)
| | - Mª Ángeles Aguirre
- Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital/Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (A.M.P.-T.); (M.L.-T.); (N.B.); (M.Á.A.); (A.E.-C.)
| | - Alejandro Escudero-Contreras
- Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital/Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (A.M.P.-T.); (M.L.-T.); (N.B.); (M.Á.A.); (A.E.-C.)
| | - Carlos Pérez-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Physiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Córdoba, ceiA3, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.M.V.); (C.P.-S.)
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12
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Mero S, Salviati L, Leuzzi V, Rubegni A, Calderan C, Nardecchia F, Galatolo D, Desbats MA, Naef V, Gemignani F, Novelli M, Tessa A, Battini R, Santorelli FM, Marchese M. New pathogenic variants in COQ4 cause ataxia and neurodevelopmental disorder without detectable CoQ 10 deficiency in muscle or skin fibroblasts. J Neurol 2021; 268:3381-3389. [PMID: 33704555 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
COQ4 is a component of an enzyme complex involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a molecule with primary importance in cell metabolism. Mutations in the COQ4 gene are responsible for mitochondrial diseases showing heterogeneous age at onset, clinical presentations and association with CoQ10 deficiency. We herein expand the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of COQ4-related diseases, by reporting two patients harboring bi-allelic variants but not showing CoQ10 deficiency. One patient was found to harbor compound heterozygous mutations (specifically, c.577C>T/p.Pro193Ser and the previously reported c.718C>T/p.Arg240Cys) associated with progressive spasticity, while the other harbored two novel missense (c.284G>A/p.Gly95Asp and c.305G>A/p.Arg102His) associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder. Both patients presented motor impairment and ataxia. To further understand the role of COQ4, we performed functional studies in patient-derived fibroblasts, yeast and "crispant" zebrafish larvae. Micro-oxygraphy showed impaired oxygen consumption rates in one patient, while yeast complementation assays showed that all the mutations were presumably disease related. Moreover, characterization of the coq4 F0 CRISPR zebrafish line showed motor defects and cell reduction in a specific area of the hindbrain, a region reminiscent of the human cerebellum. Our expanded phenotype associated with COQ4 mutations allowed us to investigate, for the first time, the role of COQ4 in brain development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Mero
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Istituto Di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Child Neurology, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Calderan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Istituto Di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Nardecchia
- Child Neurology, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Istituto Di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Novelli
- Child Neurology, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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13
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Setoguchi S, Nagata-Akaho N, Goto S, Yamakawa H, Watase D, Terada K, Koga M, Matsunaga K, Karube Y, Takata J. Evaluation of photostability and phototoxicity of esterified derivatives of ubiquinol-10 and their application as prodrugs of reduced coenzyme Q 10 for topical administration. Biofactors 2020; 46:983-994. [PMID: 33025665 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquinol-10 (UqH-10), the fully reduced form of ubiquinone-10 (Uq-10, coenzyme Q10 ), is an antioxidant and is involved in energy production. However, physicochemical disadvantages, such as rapid oxidation, water-insolubility, photoinstability, and phototoxicity, limit its application. We previously reported that UqH-10 1,4-bis-N,N-dimethylglycinate improved the oxidation susceptibility and poor bioavailability of UqH-10 in rats. Herein, we evaluated the photochemical properties of UqH-esterified derivatives (N,N-dimethylglycinate, hemi-succinate, ethylsuccinate, and hemi-glutarate). Photostability was examined by irradiation using artificial sunlight and monochromatic light. The concentration of each compound was determined using LC-MS/MS. Phototoxicity was assessed by singlet oxygen and superoxide assays. Delivery of UqH-10 via UqH-esters to the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line was determined using LC-MS/MS. UqH-esters showed higher photostability to artificial sunlight than Uq-10 and UqH-10. Uq-10 and UqH-10 were rapidly degraded by monochromatic light at 279 nm, whereas UqH-esters were more stable. UVA and/or UVB irradiation generated high levels of singlet oxygen and superoxide in Uq-10, whereas UqH-esters were unreactive. Additionally, UqH-esters effectively delivered UqH-10 to HaCaT cells following efficient uptake in their ester forms and ester bond hydrolysis in the cells. In conclusion, UqH-ester derivatives exhibit higher photostability and lower phototoxicity compared with Uq-10 and UqH-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Setoguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nami Nagata-Akaho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shotaro Goto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Watase
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Terada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhisa Koga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiharu Karube
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jiro Takata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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14
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Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, Arenas-de Larriva AP, Limia-Perez L, Romero-Cabrera JL, Yubero-Serrano EM, López-Miranda J. Coenzyme Q 10 Supplementation for the Reduction of Oxidative Stress: Clinical Implications in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217870. [PMID: 33114148 PMCID: PMC7660335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from its main function in the mitochondria as a key element in electron transport, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been described as having multiple functions, such as oxidant action in the generation of signals and the control of membrane structure and phospholipid and cellular redox status. Among these, the most relevant and most frequently studied function is the potent antioxidant capability of its coexistent redox forms. Different clinical trials have investigated the effect of CoQ10 supplementation and its ability to reduce oxidative stress. In this review, we focused on recent advances in CoQ10 supplementation, its role as an antioxidant, and the clinical implications that this entails in the treatment of chronic diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases, kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. As an antioxidant, CoQ10 has proved to be of potential use as a treatment in diseases in which oxidative stress is a hallmark, and beneficial effects of CoQ10 have been reported in the treatment of chronic diseases. However, it is crucial to reach a consensus on the optimal dose and the use of different formulations, which vary from ubiquinol or ubiquinone Ubisol-Q10 or Qter®, to new analogues such as MitoQ, before we can draw a clear conclusion about its clinical use. In addition, a major effort must be made to demonstrate its beneficial effects in clinical trials, with a view to making the implementation of CoQ10 possible in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Miguel Gutierrez-Mariscal
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (A.P.A.-d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.R.-C.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Pablo Arenas-de Larriva
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (A.P.A.-d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.R.-C.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Limia-Perez
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (A.P.A.-d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.R.-C.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Romero-Cabrera
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (A.P.A.-d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.R.-C.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Maria Yubero-Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (A.P.A.-d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.R.-C.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.M.Y.-S.); (J.L.-M.); Tel.: +34-957213733 (E.M.Y.-S.); +34-957010947 (J.L.-M.); Fax: +34-957218250 (J.L.-M.)
| | - Jose López-Miranda
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.M.G.-M.); (A.P.A.-d.L.); (L.L.-P.); (J.L.R.-C.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.M.Y.-S.); (J.L.-M.); Tel.: +34-957213733 (E.M.Y.-S.); +34-957010947 (J.L.-M.); Fax: +34-957218250 (J.L.-M.)
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15
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Coenzyme Q 10 Supplementation Improves Adipokine Levels and Alleviates Inflammation and Lipid Peroxidation in Conditions of Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093247. [PMID: 32375340 PMCID: PMC7247332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggests that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) can regulate adipokine levels to impact inflammation and oxidative stress in conditions of metabolic syndrome. Here, prominent electronic databases such as MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched for eligible RCTs reporting on any correlation between adipokine levels and modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress in individuals with metabolic syndrome taking CoQ10. The risk of bias was assessed using the modified Black and Downs checklist, while the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. Results from the current meta-analysis, involving 318 participants, showed that CoQ10 supplementation in individuals with metabolic syndrome increased adiponectin levels when compared to those on placebo (SMD: 1.44 [95% CI: -0.13, 3.00]; I2 = 96%, p < 0.00001). Moreover, CoQ10 supplementation significantly lowered inflammation markers in individuals with metabolic syndrome in comparison to those on placebo (SMD: -0.31 [95% CI: -0.54, -0.08]; I2 = 51%, p = 0.07). Such benefits with CoQ10 supplementation were related to its ameliorative effects on lipid peroxidation by reducing malondialdehyde levels, concomitant to improving glucose control and liver function. The overall findings suggest that optimal regulation of adipokine function is crucial for the beneficial effects of CoQ10 in improving metabolic health.
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16
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Arenas‐Jal M, Suñé‐Negre JM, García‐Montoya E. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation: Efficacy, safety, and formulation challenges. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:574-594. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Arenas‐Jal
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversity of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - J. M. Suñé‐Negre
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversity of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Encarna García‐Montoya
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversity of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
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17
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Inada A, Oue T, Yamashita S, Yamasaki M, Oshima T, Matsuyama H. Development of highly water-dispersible complexes between coenzyme Q10 and protein hydrolysates. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 136:104936. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Kwong AK, Chiu AT, Tsang MH, Lun K, Rodenburg RJT, Smeitink J, Chung BH, Fung C. A fatal case of COQ7-associated primary coenzyme Q 10 deficiency. JIMD Rep 2019; 47:23-29. [PMID: 31240163 PMCID: PMC6498831 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiencies are clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders associated with defects of genes involved in the CoQ10 biosynthesis pathway. COQ7-associated CoQ10 deficiency is very rare and only two cases have been reported. METHODS AND RESULTS We report a patient with encephalo-myo-nephro-cardiopathy, persistent lactic acidosis, and basal ganglia lesions resulting in early infantile death. Using whole exome sequencing, we identified compound heterozygous variants in the COQ7 gene consisting of a deletion insertion resulting in frameshift [c.599_600delinsTAATGCATC, p.(Lys200Ilefs*56)] and a missense substitution [c.319C>T, p.(Arg107Trp), NM_016138.4]. Skin fibroblast studies showed decreased combined complex II + III activity and reduction in CoQ10 level. CONCLUSION This third patient presenting with lethal encephalo-myo-nephro-cardiopathy represents the severe end of this ultra-rare mitochondrial disease caused by biallelic COQ7 mutations. The response to CoQ10 supplement is poor and alternative treatment strategies should be developed for a more effective management of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K.‐Y. Kwong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineQueen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Annie T.‐G. Chiu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineQueen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Mandy H.‐Y. Tsang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineQueen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Kin‐Shing Lun
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineQueen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Richard J. T. Rodenburg
- Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Smeitink
- Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Brian H.‐Y. Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineQueen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Cheuk‐Wing Fung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineQueen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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19
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Cerqua C, Casarin A, Pierrel F, Vazquez Fonseca L, Viola G, Salviati L, Trevisson E. Vitamin K2 cannot substitute Coenzyme Q 10 as electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain of mammalian cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6553. [PMID: 31024065 PMCID: PMC6484000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiencies are a group of heterogeneous conditions that respond to ubiquinone administration if treated soon after the onset of symptoms. However, this treatment is only partially effective due to its poor bioavailability. We tested whether vitamin K2, which was reported to act as a mitochondrial electron carrier in D. melanogaster, could mimic ubiquinone function in human CoQ10 deficient cell lines, and in yeast carrying mutations in genes required for coenzyme Q6 (CoQ6) biosynthesis. We found that vitamin K2, despite entering into mitochondria, restored neither electron flow in the respiratory chain, nor ATP synthesis. Conversely, coenzyme Q4 (CoQ4), an analog of CoQ10 with a shorter isoprenoid side chain, could efficiently substitute its function. Given its better solubility, CoQ4 could represent an alternative to CoQ10 in patients with both primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cerqua
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Casarin
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabien Pierrel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Luis Vazquez Fonseca
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Giampiero Viola
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy.,Pediatric Hematooncology Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy. .,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy.
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy. .,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy.
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20
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Foti SC, Hargreaves I, Carrington S, Kiely AP, Houlden H, Holton JL. Cerebral mitochondrial electron transport chain dysfunction in multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6559. [PMID: 31024027 PMCID: PMC6484105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs), containing α-synuclein. Mutated COQ2, encoding an enzyme essential for co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis, has been associated with MSA. CoQ10 is an electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and antioxidant. It has been shown to be deficient in MSA brain tissue, thus implicating mitochondrial dysfunction in MSA. To investigate mitochondrial dysfunction in MSA further we examined ETC activity in MSA and control brain tissue, compared with Parkinson's disease (PD) where mitochondrial dysfunction is known to be important. Using cerebellar and occipital white matter ETC complex I, II/III and IV activities were measured spectrophotometrically, selected individual components of the ETC were assessed by immunoblotting and cellular complex IV activity was analysed by enzyme histochemistry. We show decreased complex II/III activity with increased complex I and IV activity in MSA cerebellar white matter. This corresponds with the deficit in CoQ10 previously described in MSA and reflects the high regional pathological burden of GCIs. This study highlights mitochondrial dysfunction in MSA pathogenesis, suggests an influence on selective regional vulnerability to disease and points to shared disease mechanisms in α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine C Foti
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- Liverpool John Moores University, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Carrington
- UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Aoife P Kiely
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Janice L Holton
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
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21
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Primary Coenzyme Q deficiency Due to Novel ADCK3 Variants, Studies in Fibroblasts and Review of Literature. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2372-2384. [PMID: 30968303 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary deficiency of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ubiquinone), is classified as a mitochondrial respiratory chain disorder with phenotypic variability. The clinical manifestation may involve one or multiple tissue with variable severity and presentation may range from infancy to late onset. ADCK3 gene mutations are responsible for the most frequent form of hereditary CoQ10 deficiency (Q10 deficiency-4 OMIM #612016) which is mainly associated with autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia (ARCA2, SCAR9). Here we provide the clinical, biochemical and genetic investigation for unrelated three nuclear families presenting an autosomal form of Spino-Cerebellar Ataxia due to novel mutations in the ADCK3 gene. Using next generation sequence technology we identified a homozygous Gln343Ter mutation in one family with severe, early onset of the disease and compound heterozygous mutations of Gln343Ter and Ser608Phe in two other families with variable manifestations. Biochemical investigation in fibroblasts showed decreased activity of the CoQ dependent mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme succinate cytochrome c reductase (complex II + III). Exogenous CoQ slightly improved enzymatic activity, ATP production and decreased oxygen free radicals in some of the patient's cells. Our results are presented in comparison to previously reported mutations and expanding the clinical, molecular and biochemical spectrum of ADCK3 related CoQ10 deficiencies.
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22
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Water-soluble CoQ10 as A Promising Anti-aging Agent for Neurological Dysfunction in Brain Mitochondria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030061. [PMID: 30862106 PMCID: PMC6466529 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function has been closely associated with normal aging and age-related diseases. Age-associated declines in mitochondrial function, such as changes in oxygen consumption rate, cytochrome c oxidase activity of complex IV, and mitochondrial coenzyme Q (CoQ) levels, begin as early as 12 to 15 months of age in male mouse brains. Brain mitochondrial dysfunction is accompanied by increased accumulation of phosphorylated α-synuclein in the motor cortex and impairment of motor activities, which are similar characteristics of Parkinson's disease. However, these age-associated defects are completely rescued by the administration of exogenous CoQ10 to middle-aged mice via its water solubilization by emulsification in drinking water. Further efforts to develop strategies to enhance the biological availability of CoQ10 to successfully ameliorate age-related brain mitochondrial dysfunction or neurodegenerative disorders may provide a promising anti-aging agent.
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23
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Monzio Compagnoni G, Kleiner G, Samarani M, Aureli M, Faustini G, Bellucci A, Ronchi D, Bordoni A, Garbellini M, Salani S, Fortunato F, Frattini E, Abati E, Bergamini C, Fato R, Tabano S, Miozzo M, Serratto G, Passafaro M, Deleidi M, Silipigni R, Nizzardo M, Bresolin N, Comi GP, Corti S, Quinzii CM, Di Fonzo A. Mitochondrial Dysregulation and Impaired Autophagy in iPSC-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons of Multiple System Atrophy. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:1185-1198. [PMID: 30344007 PMCID: PMC6234905 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects several areas of the CNS, whose pathogenesis is still widely unclear and for which an effective treatment is lacking. We have generated induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons from four MSA patients and four healthy controls and from two monozygotic twins discordant for the disease. In this model, we have demonstrated an aberrant autophagic flow and a mitochondrial dysregulation involving respiratory chain activity, mitochondrial content, and CoQ10 biosynthesis. These defective mechanisms may contribute to the onset of the disease, representing potential therapeutic targets. An iPSC-based neuronal model of MSA is described Mitochondria are dysfunctional in MSA neurons Autophagic machinery is impaired in MSA neurons
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Monzio Compagnoni
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Giulio Kleiner
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maura Samarani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan 20090, Italy
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan 20090, Italy
| | - Gaia Faustini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Arianna Bellucci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Dario Ronchi
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Andreina Bordoni
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Manuela Garbellini
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Sabrina Salani
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Francesco Fortunato
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Emanuele Frattini
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Elena Abati
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Romana Fato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Division of Pathology, IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Division of Pathology, IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Giulia Serratto
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Department BIOMETRA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20129, Italy
| | - Maria Passafaro
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Department BIOMETRA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20129, Italy
| | - Michela Deleidi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller Straße 23, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Rosamaria Silipigni
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Monica Nizzardo
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy.
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24
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Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Liew WPP, Sulaiman Rahman H. Antioxidant and Oxidative Stress: A Mutual Interplay in Age-Related Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1162. [PMID: 30405405 PMCID: PMC6204759 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the progressive loss of organ and tissue function over time. Growing older is positively linked to cognitive and biological degeneration such as physical frailty, psychological impairment, and cognitive decline. Oxidative stress is considered as an imbalance between pro- and antioxidant species, which results in molecular and cellular damage. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of age-related diseases. Emerging research evidence has suggested that antioxidant can control the autoxidation by interrupting the propagation of free radicals or by inhibiting the formation of free radicals and subsequently reduce oxidative stress, improve immune function, and increase healthy longevity. Indeed, oxidation damage is highly dependent on the inherited or acquired defects in enzymes involved in the redox-mediated signaling pathways. Therefore, the role of molecules with antioxidant activity that promote healthy aging and counteract oxidative stress is worth to discuss further. Of particular interest in this article, we highlighted the molecular mechanisms of antioxidants involved in the prevention of age-related diseases. Taken together, a better understanding of the role of antioxidants involved in redox modulation of inflammation would provide a useful approach for potential interventions, and subsequently promoting healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Ling Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Esa Norhaizan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Centre of Excellent, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases (NNCD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Winnie-Pui-Pui Liew
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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25
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Uekaji Y, Terao K. Bioavailability enhancement of hydrophobic nutraceuticals using γ-cyclodextrin. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-018-0856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Pshenichnyuk SA, Modelli A, Komolov AS. Interconnections between dissociative electron attachment and electron-driven biological processes. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2018.1461347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav A. Pshenichnyuk
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics – Subdivision of the Ufa Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Alberto Modelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica ‘G. Ciamician’, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Scienze Ambientali, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Alexei S. Komolov
- Department of Solid State Electronics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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27
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Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, Yubero-Serrano EM, Villalba JM, Lopez-Miranda J. Coenzyme Q10: From bench to clinic in aging diseases, a translational review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2240-2257. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1442316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M. Gutierrez-Mariscal
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine/IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena M. Yubero-Serrano
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine/IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine/IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Oxidative Stress: Mechanistic Insights into Inherited Mitochondrial Disorders and Parkinson's Disease. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6110100. [PMID: 29077060 PMCID: PMC5704117 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6110100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress arises when cellular antioxidant defences become overwhelmed by a surplus generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Once this occurs, many cellular biomolecules such as DNA, lipids, and proteins become susceptible to free radical-induced oxidative damage, and this may consequently lead to cellular and ultimately tissue and organ dysfunction. Mitochondria, as well as being a source of ROS, are vulnerable to oxidative stress-induced damage with a number of key biomolecules being the target of oxidative damage by free radicals, including membrane phospholipids, respiratory chain complexes, proteins, and mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA). As a result, a deficit in cellular energy status may occur along with increased electron leakage and partial reduction of oxygen. This in turn may lead to a further increase in ROS production. Oxidative damage to certain mitochondrial biomolecules has been associated with, and implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases. It is the purpose of this review to discuss the impact of such oxidative stress and subsequent damage by reviewing our current knowledge of the pathophysiology of several inherited mitochondrial disorders together with our understanding of perturbations observed in the more commonly acquired neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Furthermore, the potential use and feasibility of antioxidant therapies as an adjunct to lower the accumulation of damaging oxidative species and hence slow disease progression will also be discussed.
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29
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Phadke R. Myopathology of Adult and Paediatric Mitochondrial Diseases. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6070064. [PMID: 28677615 PMCID: PMC5532572 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6070064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles ubiquitously present in nucleated eukaryotic cells, subserving multiple metabolic functions, including cellular ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The OXPHOS machinery comprises five transmembrane respiratory chain enzyme complexes (RC). Defective OXPHOS gives rise to mitochondrial diseases (mtD). The incredible phenotypic and genetic diversity of mtD can be attributed at least in part to the RC dual genetic control (nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)) and the complex interaction between the two genomes. Despite the increasing use of next-generation-sequencing (NGS) and various omics platforms in unravelling novel mtD genes and pathomechanisms, current clinical practice for investigating mtD essentially involves a multipronged approach including clinical assessment, metabolic screening, imaging, pathological, biochemical and functional testing to guide molecular genetic analysis. This review addresses the broad muscle pathology landscape including genotype–phenotype correlations in adult and paediatric mtD, the role of immunodiagnostics in understanding some of the pathomechanisms underpinning the canonical features of mtD, and recent diagnostic advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Phadke
- Division of Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK.
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30
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Powers JM, Murphy G, Ralph N, O'Gorman SM, Murphy JEJ. Polypharmacy and sun exposure: Implications for mitochondrial DNA deletions in skin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28649007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most somatic cells contain many copies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Because of both the high copy number and the lack of repair mechanisms available to mtDNA, damage to it largely goes unrepaired, and can accumulate over time. Large scale deletions are a recognised type of damage sustained by mtDNA as a consequence of exposure to the ultraviolet light in sunlight. A group of patients were identified as having abnormally high levels of either a 4977 base pair deletion (mtDNA4977) or 3895 base pair deletion (mtDNA3895), in mtDNA from sun exposed skin or skin suspected to be a non-melanoma skin cancer, but not in their non-sun exposed skin biopsies. In three of the four cases, skin cancer was ruled out due to histological testing. Additional factors from these patients' medical histories were studied, and it was noted that they shared diagnoses for multiple pathologies common to an older population, and that they were being treated with the same or related pharmaceuticals, including some that had been known to cause dermal side effects. Investigation into the biochemistry underlying the symptoms, the effects of sun exposure and side effects of the prescribed pharmaceuticals revealed a possible synergistic relationship leading to the localised high levels of mtDNA deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Montelin Powers
- Mitochondrial Biology & Radiation Research Centre, Dept Life Sciences, IT Sligo, Sligo, Ireland.
| | | | - Nikki Ralph
- Dept of Dermatology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - James E J Murphy
- Mitochondrial Biology & Radiation Research Centre, Dept Life Sciences, IT Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
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Novel recessive mutations in COQ4 cause severe infantile cardiomyopathy and encephalopathy associated with CoQ 10 deficiency. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2017; 12:23-27. [PMID: 28540186 PMCID: PMC5432661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) or ubiquinone is one of the two electron carriers in the mitochondrial respiratory chain which has an essential role in the process of oxidative phosphorylation. Defects in CoQ10 synthesis are usually associated with the impaired function of CoQ10-dependent complexes I, II and III. The recessively transmitted CoQ10 deficiency has been associated with a number of phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous groups of disorders manifesting at variable age of onset. The infantile, multisystemic presentation is usually caused by mutations in genes directly involved in CoQ10 biosynthesis. To date, mutations in COQ1 (PDSS1 and PDSS2), COQ2, COQ4, COQ6, COQ7, COQ8A/ADCK3, COQ8B/ADCK4, and COQ9 genes have been identified in patients with primary form of CoQ10 deficiency. Here we report novel mutations in the COQ4 gene, which were identified in an infant with profound mitochondrial disease presenting with perinatal seizures, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and severe muscle CoQ10 deficiency.
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Lee SQE, Tan TS, Kawamukai M, Chen ES. Cellular factories for coenzyme Q 10 production. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:39. [PMID: 28253886 PMCID: PMC5335738 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a benzoquinone present in most organisms, plays an important role in the electron-transport chain, and its deficiency is associated with various neuropathies and muscular disorders. CoQ10 is the only lipid-soluble antioxidant found in humans, and for this, it is gaining popularity in the cosmetic and healthcare industries. To meet the growing demand for CoQ10, there has been considerable interest in ways to enhance its production, the most effective of which remains microbial fermentation. Previous attempts to increase CoQ10 production to an industrial scale have thus far conformed to the strategies used in typical metabolic engineering endeavors. However, the emergence of new tools in the expanding field of synthetic biology has provided a suite of possibilities that extend beyond the traditional modes of metabolic engineering. In this review, we cover the various strategies currently undertaken to upscale CoQ10 production, and discuss some of the potential novel areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Qiu En Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tsu Soo Tan
- School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Makoto Kawamukai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Ee Sin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore. .,NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Kaurola P, Sharma V, Vonk A, Vattulainen I, Róg T. Distribution and dynamics of quinones in the lipid bilayer mimicking the inner membrane of mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2116-2122. [PMID: 27342376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Quinone and its analogues (Q) constitute an important class of compounds that perform key electron transfer reactions in oxidative- and photo-phosphorylation. In the inner membrane of mitochondria, ubiquinone molecules undergo continuous redox transitions enabling electron transfer between the respiratory complexes. In such a dynamic system undergoing continuous turnover for ATP synthesis, an uninterrupted supply of substrate molecules is absolutely necessary. In the current work, we have performed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations to assess the structure, dynamics, and localization of quinone and its analogues in a lipid bilayer, whose composition mimics the one in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The results show that there is a strong tendency of both quinone and quinol molecules to localize in the vicinity of the lipids' acyl groups, right under the lipid head group region. Additionally, we observe a second location in the middle of the bilayer where quinone molecules tend to stabilize. Translocation of quinone through a lipid bilayer is very fast and occurs in 10-100ns time scale, whereas the translocation of quinol is at least an order of magnitude slower. We suggest that this has important mechanistic implications given that the localization of Q ensures maximal occupancy of the Q-binding sites or Q-entry points in electron transport chain complexes, thereby maintaining an optimal turnover rate for ATP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Kaurola
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P. O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P. O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amanda Vonk
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P. O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P. O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; MEMPHYS - Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P. O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Abstract
Ten years ago, there was an emerging view that the molecular basis for adult mitochondrial disorders was largely known and that the clinical phenotypes had been well described. Nothing could have been further from the truth. The establishment of large cohorts of patients has revealed new aspects of the clinical presentation that were not previously appreciated. Over time, this approach is starting to provide an accurate understanding of the natural history of mitochondrial disease in adults. Advances in molecular diagnostics, underpinned by next generation sequencing technology, have identified novel molecular mechanisms. Recently described mitochondrial disease phenotypes have disparate causes, and yet share common mechanistic themes. In particular, disorders of mtDNA maintenance have emerged as a major cause of mitochondrial disease in adults. Progressive mtDNA depletion and the accumulation of mtDNA mutations explain some of the clinical features, but the genetic and cellular processes responsible for the mtDNA abnormalities are not entirely clear in each instance. Unfortunately, apart from a few specific examples, treatments for adult mitochondrial disease have not been forthcoming. However, the establishment of international consortia, and the first multinational randomised controlled trial, have paved the way for major progress in the near future, underpinned by growing interest from the pharmaceutical industry. Adult mitochondrial medicine is, therefore, in its infancy, and the challenge is to harness the new understanding of its molecular and cellular basis to develop treatments of real benefit to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F Chinnery
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Medical Research Council - Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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Ozcelik AA, Perk P, Dai A. Congenital methemoglobinemia type 2 and cerebellar atrophy/hypoplasia. Acta Neurol Belg 2016; 116:217-9. [PMID: 26133947 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-015-0502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Aysima Ozcelik
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 3th floor, Şehitkamil, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Peren Perk
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 3th floor, Şehitkamil, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Alper Dai
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 3th floor, Şehitkamil, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
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36
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Varela-López A, Giampieri F, Battino M, Quiles JL. Coenzyme Q and Its Role in the Dietary Therapy against Aging. Molecules 2016; 21:373. [PMID: 26999099 PMCID: PMC6273282 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a naturally occurring molecule located in the hydrophobic domain of the phospholipid bilayer of all biological membranes. Shortly after being discovered, it was recognized as an essential electron transport chain component in mitochondria where it is particularly abundant. Since then, more additional roles in cell physiology have been reported, including antioxidant, signaling, death prevention, and others. It is known that all cells are able to synthesize functionally sufficient amounts of CoQ under normal physiological conditions. However, CoQ is a molecule found in different dietary sources, which can be taken up and incorporated into biological membranes. It is known that mitochondria have a close relationship with the aging process. Additionally, delaying the aging process through diet has aroused the interest of scientists for many years. These observations have stimulated investigation of the anti-aging potential of CoQ and its possible use in dietary therapies to alleviate the effects of aging. In this context, the present review focus on the current knowledge and evidence the roles of CoQ cells, its relationship with aging, and possible implications of dietary CoQ in relation to aging, lifespan or age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain.
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO), Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO), Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
- Centre for Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico (UEA), Santander 39011, Spain.
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood pressure is a commonly measured risk factor for non-fatal and fatal cardiovascular adverse events such as heart attacks and strokes. Clinical trials have suggested that coenzyme Q10, a non-prescription nutritional supplement, can effectively lower blood pressure (BP). When this review was completed and published in October 2009, it concluded that "due to the possible unreliability of the 3 included studies, it is uncertain whether or not coenzyme Q10 reduces blood pressure in the long-term management of primary hypertension." OBJECTIVES To determine the blood pressure lowering effect of coenzyme Q10 in primary hypertension. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Hypertension Group Specialised Register (1946 to November 2015), The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2015, Issue 10), MEDLINE (1946 to November 2015), MEDLINE In-Process (accessed 10 November 2015), EMBASE (1974 to November 2015), Web of Science (1899 to November 2015), CINAHL (1970 to November 2015), and ClinicalTrials.gov (accessed 10 November 2015). We also searched reference lists of articles for relevant clinical trials in any language. SELECTION CRITERIA Double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel or cross-over trials evaluating the blood pressure (BP) lowering efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for a duration of at least three weeks, in patients with primary hypertension. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The primary author determined trial inclusion, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. The second author independently verified trial inclusion and data extraction. MAIN RESULTS In this update of the review, one new randomized, controlled cross-over trial with a total of 30 participants was added, and one trial included in the initial review was excluded. Only two of the three included trials were pooled in the meta-analysis, as one trial was judged to have an unacceptably high risk of bias. In the meta-analysis of two RCTs (50 participants), coenzyme Q10 did not significantly change systolic BP: -3.68 mm Hg (95% confidence interval (CI) -8.86 to 1.49), or diastolic BP: -2.03 mm Hg (95% CI -4.86 to 0.81] ), based on clinic data. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review provides moderate-quality evidence that coenzyme Q10 does not have a clinically significant effect on blood pressure. In one of three trials reporting adverse effects, coenzyme Q10 was well tolerated. Due to the small number of individuals and studies available for analysis, more well-conducted trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J Ho
- University of British ColumbiaFaculty of MedicineVancouverBCCanada
| | - Edmond CK Li
- University of SaskatchewanAnesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain ManagementRoyal University Hospital103 Hospital Dr.SaskatoonSKCanadaS7N 0W8
| | - James M Wright
- University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics2176 Health Sciences MallVancouverBCCanadaV6T 1Z3
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Choi HK, Won EK, Choung SY. Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Statin-Treated Obese Rats. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:171-7. [PMID: 26797109 PMCID: PMC4774498 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are known to cause serious muscle injuries (e.g. myopathy, myositis and rhabdomyolysis), and these adverse effects can be rescued by co-administration of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) with statins. The goal of the current research is to assess the efficacy of combined treatment of CoQ10 with Atorvastatin for hyperlipidemia induced by high-fat diet in SD rats. 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed normal diet or high-fat diet for 6 weeks. Then, rats were treated with either Statin or Statin with various dosages of CoQ10 (30, 90 or 270 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for another 6 weeks. Compared to Statin only-treatment, CoQ10 supplementation significantly reduced creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in serum which are markers for myopathy. Moreover, CoQ10 supplementation with Statin further reduced total fat, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In contrast, the levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and CoQ10 were increased in the CoQ10 co-treated group. These results indicate that CoQ10 treatment not only reduces the side effects of Statin, but also has an anti-obesity effect. Therefore an intake of supplementary CoQ10 is helpful for solving problem of obese metabolism, so the multiple prescription of CoQ10 makes us think a possibility that can be solved in being contiguous to the obesity problem, a sort of disease of the obese metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kyung Choi
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Won
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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39
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Niklowitz P, Onur S, Fischer A, Laudes M, Palussen M, Menke T, Döring F. Coenzyme Q10 serum concentration and redox status in European adults: influence of age, sex, and lipoprotein concentration. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 58:240-5. [PMID: 27257350 PMCID: PMC4865593 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is synthesized in almost all human tissues and presumably involved in age-related alterations and diseases. Here, we examined the impact of aging and sex on the serum CoQ10 status in 860 European adults ranging in age from 18 to 82 years. We identified an inverse U-shaped relationship between CoQ10 concentration and age. Women showed lower cholesterol-adjusted CoQ10 levels than men, irrespective of age. As observed in both sexes, the decrease in CoQ10 concentration in older subjects was accompanied by a shift in the redox status in favour of the oxidized form. A strong positive correlation was found for total CoQ10 and cholesterol concentrations (Spearman’s, p≤1E-74). We found strong negative correlations between total (Spearman’s, p≤1E-07) and between cholesterol-adjusted CoQ10 concentration (Spearman’s, p≤1E-14) and the proportion of the oxidized form of CoQ10. These correlations were not dependent on age and sex and were attenuated by supplementation with 150 mg/day reduced CoQ10 for 14 days. Overall, our results are useful to define risk groups with critical CoQ10 status in humans. In particular, older subjects were characterized by impaired CoQ10 status due to their lowered serum CoQ10 concentration and concomitant decrease of CoQ10 redox capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Niklowitz
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner-Straße 5, D-45711 Datteln, Germany
| | - Simone Onur
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexandra Fischer
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 6, Haus 6, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Palussen
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner-Straße 5, D-45711 Datteln, Germany
| | - Thomas Menke
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner-Straße 5, D-45711 Datteln, Germany
| | - Frank Döring
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Brunel-Guitton C, Levtova A, Sasarman F. Mitochondrial Diseases and Cardiomyopathies. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:1360-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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41
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Agmo Hernández V, Eriksson EK, Edwards K. Ubiquinone-10 alters mechanical properties and increases stability of phospholipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2233-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chingwaru W, Vidmar J, Kapewangolo PT, Mazimba O, Jackson J. Therapeutic and Prophylactic Potential of Morama (Tylosema esculentum): A Review. Phytother Res 2015. [PMID: 26206567 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tylosema esculentum (morama) is a highly valued traditional food and source of medicine for the San and other indigenous populations that inhabit the arid to semi-arid parts of Southern Africa. Morama beans are a rich source of phenolic acids, flavonoids, certain fatty acids, non-essential amino acids, certain phytosterols, tannins and minerals. The plant's tuber contains griffonilide, behenic acid and starch. Concoctions of extracts from morama bean, tuber and other local plants are frequently used to treat diarrhoea and digestive disorders by the San and other indigenous populations. Information on composition and bioactivity of phytochemical components of T. esculentum suggests that the polyphenol-rich extracts of the bean testae and cotyledons have great potential as sources of chemicals that inhibit infectious microorganisms (viral, bacterial and fungal, including drug-resistant strains), offer protection against certain non-communicable diseases and promote wound healing and gut health. The potential antinutritional properties of a few morama components are also highlighted. More research is necessary to reveal the full prophylactic and therapeutic potential of the plant against diseases of the current century. Research on domestication and conservation of the plant offers new hope for sustainable utilisation of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Chingwaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Bindura University Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe.,Institute Ceres/Zavod Ceres, Lahovna 16, 3000, Celje, Slovenia
| | - Jerneja Vidmar
- Institute Ceres/Zavod Ceres, Lahovna 16, 3000, Celje, Slovenia.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Petrina T Kapewangolo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia, P/Bag 13301, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Pionierspark, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Ofentse Mazimba
- Research and Partnerships at Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Private Bag 0082, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Jose Jackson
- Research and Partnerships at Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Private Bag 0082, Gaborone, Botswana
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Rahmani A, Abangah G, Moradkhani A, Hafezi Ahmadi MR, Asadollahi K. Coenzyme Q10 in combination with triple therapy regimens ameliorates oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in chronic gastritis associated with H. pylori infection. J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 55:842-7. [PMID: 25854786 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chronic gastritis associated with H. pylori infection causes oxidative stress in the stomach. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of coenzyme q10 among gastric patients infected by H. pylori. By a clinical trial, chronic gastric patients infected by H. pylori were randomly divided into 2 groups: intervention and placebo. The placebo group received a standard triple therapy regimen, and the intervention group received the triple regimen + coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Mean inflammation score; serum levels of 3 serum markers were then compared. A total of 100 participants of whom 67% were female were evaluated. The mean age of participants was 59.4 ± 11.4 years. The mean inflammation score was considerably decreased at the end of the study, in the intervention group. The mean levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) at the end of the study were reduced among the triple therapy group (P < .05, P =.03 respectively). The mean levels of TAC and GPx were significantly higher among the intervention group at the end of the study compared with those at the start of the study. The combination of triple therapy with CoQ10 demonstrated an effective outcome on the mucosal inflammation, and stress oxidative in patients with chronic gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Rahmani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ghobad Abangah
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, lIlam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Atefeh Moradkhani
- Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Khairollah Asadollahi
- Dept. of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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44
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Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), also known as ubiquinone or ubidecarenone, is a powerful, endogenously produced, intracellularly existing lipophilic antioxidant. It combats reactive oxygen species (ROS) known to be responsible for a variety of human pathological conditions. Its target site is the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) of each cell. In case of deficiency and/or aging, CoQ10 oral supplementation is warranted. However, CoQ10 has low oral bioavailability due to its lipophilic nature, large molecular weight, regional differences in its gastrointestinal permeability and involvement of multitransporters. Intracellular delivery and mitochondrial target ability issues pose additional hurdles. To maximize CoQ10 delivery to its biopharmaceutical target, numerous approaches have been undertaken. The review summaries the current research on CoQ10 bioavailability and highlights the headways to obtain a satisfactory intracellular and targeted mitochondrial delivery. Unresolved questions and research gaps were identified to bring this promising natural product to the forefront of therapeutic agents for treatment of different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Zaki
- a Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
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45
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Swerdlow RH. Bioenergetic medicine. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1854-69. [PMID: 24004341 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we discuss a specific therapeutic strategy we call 'bioenergetic medicine'. Bioenergetic medicine refers to the manipulation of bioenergetic fluxes to positively affect health. Bioenergetic medicine approaches rely heavily on the law of mass action, and impact systems that monitor and respond to the manipulated flux. Since classically defined energy metabolism pathways intersect and intertwine, targeting one flux also tends to change other fluxes, which complicates treatment design. Such indirect effects, fortunately, are to some extent predictable, and from a therapeutic perspective may also be desirable. Bioenergetic medicine-based interventions already exist for some diseases, and because bioenergetic medicine interventions are presently feasible, new approaches to treat certain conditions, including some neurodegenerative conditions and cancers, are beginning to transition from the laboratory to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell H Swerdlow
- Departments of Neurology, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, KS, USA
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46
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Kanda M, Nomoto S, Oya H, Hashimoto R, Takami H, Shimizu D, Sonohara F, Kobayashi D, Tanaka C, Yamada S, Fujii T, Nakayama G, Sugimoto H, Koike M, Murotani K, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. Decreased expression of prenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2 correlates with reduced survival of patients with gastric cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:88. [PMID: 25330808 PMCID: PMC4209044 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-014-0088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of novel molecular biomarkers will improve the management of patients with gastric cancer (GC). Prenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2 (PDSS2) is required for coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis and acts as a tumor suppressor; however, the role and regulatory mechanisms of PDSS2 in GC are not understood. The aim of this study was to determine expression status and regulatory mechanisms of PDSS2 in GC. METHODS Associations between expression and methylation of PDSS2 were evaluated using GC cell lines. The clinical significance of PDSS2 expression was evaluated using 238 pairs of surgically resected gastric tissues with subgroup analysis based on GC subtypes. RESULTS The expression of PDSS2 mRNA was decreased in 73% of GC cell lines compared with the control non-cancerous cell. The PDSS2 promoter was hypermethylated in cells with decreased PDSS2 expression, and treating these cells with a methylation inhibitor reactivated PDSS2 expression. GC tissues expressed significantly lower mean levels of PDSS2 mRNA compared with adjacent normal tissues (P <0.001). The expression pattern of PDSS2 protein was consistent with that of its mRNA. The decrease of PDSS2 mRNA expression in GC tissues (less than half the level of expression detected in the corresponding normal adjacent tissues) correlated significantly with elevated levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (P = 0.015), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.022), and shorter recurrence-free survival after curative resection (P = 0.022). Further, multivariate analysis identified PDSS2 mRNA expression as an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 1.95, 95% confidence interval 1.22-3.09, P = 0.005), and its expression pattern and prognostic significance were similar among three GC subtypes. CONCLUSIONS PDSS2 encodes a putative tumor suppressor, and we show here that its expression was regulated by hypermethylation of its promoter in GC cells. Inhibition of PDSS2 mRNA expression may serve as a novel biomarker of all types of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Hisaharu Oya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Ryoji Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Hideki Takami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Fuminori Sonohara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Kenta Murotani
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
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Kanda M, Nomoto S, Oya H, Hashimoto R, Takami H, Shimizu D, Sonohara F, Kobayashi D, Tanaka C, Yamada S, Fujii T, Nakayama G, Sugimoto H, Koike M, Murotani K, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. Decreased expression of prenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2 correlates with reduced survival of patients with gastric cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014. [PMID: 25330808 DOI: 10.1186/preaccept-8549609481376418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of novel molecular biomarkers will improve the management of patients with gastric cancer (GC). Prenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2 (PDSS2) is required for coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis and acts as a tumor suppressor; however, the role and regulatory mechanisms of PDSS2 in GC are not understood. The aim of this study was to determine expression status and regulatory mechanisms of PDSS2 in GC. METHODS Associations between expression and methylation of PDSS2 were evaluated using GC cell lines. The clinical significance of PDSS2 expression was evaluated using 238 pairs of surgically resected gastric tissues with subgroup analysis based on GC subtypes. RESULTS The expression of PDSS2 mRNA was decreased in 73% of GC cell lines compared with the control non-cancerous cell. The PDSS2 promoter was hypermethylated in cells with decreased PDSS2 expression, and treating these cells with a methylation inhibitor reactivated PDSS2 expression. GC tissues expressed significantly lower mean levels of PDSS2 mRNA compared with adjacent normal tissues (P <0.001). The expression pattern of PDSS2 protein was consistent with that of its mRNA. The decrease of PDSS2 mRNA expression in GC tissues (less than half the level of expression detected in the corresponding normal adjacent tissues) correlated significantly with elevated levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (P = 0.015), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.022), and shorter recurrence-free survival after curative resection (P = 0.022). Further, multivariate analysis identified PDSS2 mRNA expression as an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 1.95, 95% confidence interval 1.22-3.09, P = 0.005), and its expression pattern and prognostic significance were similar among three GC subtypes. CONCLUSIONS PDSS2 encodes a putative tumor suppressor, and we show here that its expression was regulated by hypermethylation of its promoter in GC cells. Inhibition of PDSS2 mRNA expression may serve as a novel biomarker of all types of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Hisaharu Oya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Ryoji Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Hideki Takami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Fuminori Sonohara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Kenta Murotani
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
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Exposure to a northern contaminant mixture (NCM) alters hepatic energy and lipid metabolism exacerbating hepatic steatosis in obese JCR rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106832. [PMID: 25222487 PMCID: PMC4164366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), defined by the American Liver Society as the buildup of extra fat in liver cells that is not caused by alcohol, is the most common liver disease in North America. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are viewed as the major causes of NAFLD. Environmental contaminants have also been implicated in the development of NAFLD. Northern populations are exposed to a myriad of persistent organic pollutants including polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, flame retardants, and toxic metals, while also affected by higher rates of obesity and alcohol abuse compared to the rest of Canada. In this study, we examined the impact of a mixture of 22 contaminants detected in Inuit blood on the development and progression of NAFLD in obese JCR rats with or without co-exposure to10% ethanol. Hepatosteatosis was found in obese rat liver, which was worsened by exposure to 10% ethanol. NCM treatment increased the number of macrovesicular lipid droplets, total lipid contents, portion of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the liver. This was complemented by an increase in hepatic total cholesterol and cholesterol ester levels which was associated with changes in the expression of genes and proteins involved in lipid metabolism and transport. In addition, NCM treatment increased cytochrome P450 2E1 protein expression and decreased ubiquinone pool, and mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit ATP5A and Complex IV activity. Despite the changes in mitochondrial physiology, hepatic ATP levels were maintained high in NCM-treated versus control rats. This was due to a decrease in ATP utilization and an increase in creatine kinase activity. Collectively, our results suggest that NCM treatment decreases hepatic cholesterol export, possibly also increases cholesterol uptake from circulation, and promotes lipid accumulation and alters ATP homeostasis which exacerbates the existing hepatic steatosis in genetically obese JCR rats with or without co-exposure to ethanol.
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Kanda M, Sugimoto H, Nomoto S, Oya H, Shimizu D, Takami H, Hashimoto R, Sonohara F, Okamura Y, Yamada S, Fujii T, Nakayama G, Koike M, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. Clinical utility of PDSS2 expression to stratify patients at risk for recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2005-12. [PMID: 25189544 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel genetic and epigenetic alterations is required for optimal stratification of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at risk for recurrence and adverse prognosis. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which mediates apoptosis, is synthesized by prenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2 (PDSS2). In the present study we evaluated the clinical significance and regulatory mechanisms of PDSS2 expression in HCC. PDSS2 expression levels and those of genes encoding potentially interacting proteins as well as the methylation status of the PDSS2 promoter region were analyzed in HCC cell lines. PDSS2 mRNA levels in 151 pairs of resected specimens were determined to evaluate the association of PDSS2 expression and clinicopathological factors. The expression and distribution of PDSS2 were determined using immunohistochemistry. PDSS2 mRNA expression was decreased in six of nine HCC cell lines and significantly correlated with those of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α. PDSS2 transcription in HCC cells with decreased PDSS2 expression accompanying hypermethylation was reactivated after treating these cells with a methylation inhibitor. Mean expression levels of PDSS2 mRNA relative to that of uninvolved liver diminished gradually in the order of chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis, and each was significantly higher than those of HCCs. PDSS2 and PDSS2 mRNA levels were consistent. Decreased PDSS2 mRNA levels were detected in HCC tissues of 56 patients, correlated with shorter disease-specific survival, and was identified as an independent prognostic factor. PDSS2 is a putative tumor suppressor, and promoter hypermethylation is a key regulatory mechanism in HCC. Decreased levels of PDSS2 mRNA expression may represent a novel biomarker of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisaharu Oya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Takami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryoji Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sonohara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukiyasu Okamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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50
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Garrido-Maraver J, Cordero MD, Oropesa-Ávila M, Fernández Vega A, de la Mata M, Delgado Pavón A, de Miguel M, Pérez Calero C, Villanueva Paz M, Cotán D, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Coenzyme q10 therapy. Mol Syndromol 2014; 5:187-97. [PMID: 25126052 DOI: 10.1159/000360101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
For a number of years, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) was known for its key role in mitochondrial bioenergetics; later studies demonstrated its presence in other subcellular fractions and in blood plasma, and extensively investigated its antioxidant role. These 2 functions constitute the basis for supporting the clinical use of CoQ10. Also, at the inner mitochondrial membrane level, CoQ10 is recognized as an obligatory cofactor for the function of uncoupling proteins and a modulator of the mitochondrial transition pore. Furthermore, recent data indicate that CoQ10 affects the expression of genes involved in human cell signaling, metabolism and transport, and some of the effects of CoQ10 supplementation may be due to this property. CoQ10 deficiencies are due to autosomal recessive mutations, mitochondrial diseases, aging-related oxidative stress and carcinogenesis processes, and also statin treatment. Many neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, cancer, and muscular and cardiovascular diseases have been associated with low CoQ10 levels as well as different ataxias and encephalomyopathies. CoQ10 treatment does not cause serious adverse effects in humans and new formulations have been developed that increase CoQ10 absorption and tissue distribution. Oral administration of CoQ10 is a frequent antioxidant strategy in many diseases that may provide a significant symptomatic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Garrido-Maraver
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mario D Cordero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain ; Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Oropesa-Ávila
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández Vega
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mario de la Mata
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Delgado Pavón
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel de Miguel
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez Calero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marina Villanueva Paz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - David Cotán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
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