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Caurio AC, Boldori JR, Gonçalves LM, Rodrigues CC, Rodrigues NR, Somacal S, Emanuelli T, Roehrs R, Denardin CC, Denardin ELG. Protective effect of Bougainvillea glabra Choisy bract in toxicity induced by Paraquat in Drosophila melanogaster. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 279:109873. [PMID: 38423200 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a herbicide widely used in agriculture to control weeds. The damage caused to health through intoxication requires studies to combating its damage to health. Bougainvillea glabra Choisy is a plant native to South America and its bracts contain a variety of compounds, including betalains and phenolic compounds, which have been underexplored about their potential applications and benefits for biological studies to neutralize toxicity. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant and protective potential of the B. glabra bracts (BBGCE) hydroalcoholic extract against Paraquat-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. BBGCE demonstrated high antioxidant capacity in vitro through the assays of ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), free radical ABTS and quantification of phenolic compounds, confirmed through identifying the main compounds. Wild males of D. melanogaster were exposed to Paraquat (1.75 mM) and B. glabra Choisy (1, 10, 50 and 100 μg/mL) in agar medium for 4 days. Flies exposed to Paraquat showed a reduction in survival rate and a significant decrease in climbing capacity and balance test when compared to the control group. Exposure of the flies to Paraquat caused a reduction in acetylcholinesterase activity, an increase in lipid peroxidation and production of reactive species, and a change in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes. Co-exposure with BBGCE was able to block toxicity induced by PQ exposure. Our results demonstrate that bract extract has a protective effect against PQ on the head and body of flies, attenuating behavioral deficit, exerting antioxidant effects and blocking oxidative damage in D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Castro Caurio
- Laboratory of Physical Chemical Studies and Natural Products (LEFQPN), Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil; Research Group of Biochemistry and Toxicology of Bioactive Compounds (GBToxBio), Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean Ramos Boldori
- Research Group of Biochemistry and Toxicology of Bioactive Compounds (GBToxBio), Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Martha Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Physical Chemical Studies and Natural Products (LEFQPN), Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Camille Cadore Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Physical Chemical Studies and Natural Products (LEFQPN), Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathane Rosa Rodrigues
- Research Group of Biochemistry and Toxicology of Bioactive Compounds (GBToxBio), Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Somacal
- Department of Food Technology and Food Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Department of Food Technology and Food Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roehrs
- Laboratory of Physical Chemical Studies and Natural Products (LEFQPN), Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Casagrande Denardin
- Research Group of Biochemistry and Toxicology of Bioactive Compounds (GBToxBio), Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Elton Luis Gasparotto Denardin
- Laboratory of Physical Chemical Studies and Natural Products (LEFQPN), Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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Olufs ZPG, Wassarman DA, Perouansky M. Stress Pathways Induced by Volatile Anesthetics and Failure of Preconditioning in a Mitochondrial Complex I Mutant. Anesthesiology 2024; 140:463-482. [PMID: 38118175 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carriers of mutations in the mitochondrial electron transport chain are at increased risk of anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity. To investigate the neurotoxicity mechanism and to test preconditioning as a protective strategy, this study used a Drosophila melanogaster model of Leigh syndrome. Model flies carried a mutation in ND23 (ND2360114) that encodes a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I subunit. This study investigated why ND2360114 mutants become susceptible to lethal, oxygen-modulated neurotoxicity within 24 h of exposure to isoflurane but not sevoflurane. METHODS This study used transcriptomics and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to identify genes that are differentially expressed in ND2360114 but not wild-type fly heads at 30 min after exposure to high- versus low-toxicity conditions. This study also subjected ND2360114 flies to diverse stressors before isoflurane exposure to test whether isoflurane toxicity could be diminished by preconditioning. RESULTS The ND2360114 mutation had a greater effect on isoflurane- than sevoflurane-mediated changes in gene expression. Isoflurane and sevoflurane did not affect expression of heat shock protein (Hsp) genes (Hsp22, Hsp27, and Hsp68) in wild-type flies, but isoflurane substantially increased expression of these genes in ND2360114 mutant flies. Furthermore, isoflurane and sevoflurane induced expression of oxidative (GstD1 and GstD2) and xenobiotic (Cyp6a8 and Cyp6a14) stress genes to a similar extent in wild-type flies, but the effect of isoflurane was largely reduced in ND2360114 flies. In addition, activating stress response pathways by pre-exposure to anesthetics, heat shock, hyperoxia, hypoxia, or oxidative stress did not suppress isoflurane-induced toxicity in ND2360114 mutant flies. CONCLUSIONS Mutation of a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I subunit generates differential effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane on gene expression that may underlie their differential effects on neurotoxicity. Additionally, the mutation produces resistance to preconditioning by stresses that protect the brain in other contexts. Therefore, complex I activity modifies molecular and physiologic effects of anesthetics in an anesthetic-specific manner. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah P G Olufs
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David A Wassarman
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Misha Perouansky
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Madhwani KR, Sayied S, Ogata CH, Hogan CA, Lentini JM, Mallik M, Dumouchel JL, Storkebaum E, Fu D, O’Connor-Giles KM. tRNA modification enzyme-dependent redox homeostasis regulates synapse formation and memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.566895. [PMID: 38014328 PMCID: PMC10680711 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.566895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional modification of RNA regulates gene expression at multiple levels. ALKBH8 is a tRNA modifying enzyme that methylates wobble uridines in specific tRNAs to modulate translation. Through methylation of tRNA-selenocysteine, ALKBH8 promotes selenoprotein synthesis and regulates redox homeostasis. Pathogenic variants in ALKBH8 have been linked to intellectual disability disorders in the human population, but the role of ALKBH8 in the nervous system is unknown. Through in vivo studies in Drosophila, we show that ALKBH8 controls oxidative stress in the brain to restrain synaptic growth and support learning and memory. ALKBH8 null animals lack wobble uridine methylation and exhibit a global reduction in protein synthesis, including a specific decrease in selenoprotein levels. Loss of ALKBH8 or independent disruption of selenoprotein synthesis results in ectopic synapse formation. Genetic expression of antioxidant enzymes fully suppresses synaptic overgrowth in ALKBH8 null animals, confirming oxidative stress as the underlying cause of dysregulation. ALKBH8 animals also exhibit associative learning and memory impairments that are reversed by pharmacological antioxidant treatment. Together, these findings demonstrate the critical role of tRNA modification in redox homeostasis in the nervous system and reveal antioxidants as a potential therapy for ALKBH8-associated intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shanzeh Sayied
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Caley A. Hogan
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jenna M. Lentini
- Department of Biology, Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Moushami Mallik
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, NL
| | | | - Erik Storkebaum
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, NL
| | - Dragony Fu
- Department of Biology, Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kate M. O’Connor-Giles
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Carney Institute for Brain Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Napolitano G, Fasciolo G, Muscari Tomajoli MT, Venditti P. Changes in the Mitochondria in the Aging Process-Can α-Tocopherol Affect Them? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12453. [PMID: 37569829 PMCID: PMC10419829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic organisms use molecular oxygen in several reactions, including those in which the oxidation of substrate molecules is coupled to oxygen reduction to produce large amounts of metabolic energy. The utilization of oxygen is associated with the production of ROS, which can damage biological macromolecules but also act as signaling molecules, regulating numerous cellular processes. Mitochondria are the cellular sites where most of the metabolic energy is produced and perform numerous physiological functions by acting as regulatory hubs of cellular metabolism. They retain the remnants of their bacterial ancestors, including an independent genome that encodes part of their protein equipment; they have an accurate quality control system; and control of cellular functions also depends on communication with the nucleus. During aging, mitochondria can undergo dysfunctions, some of which are mediated by ROS. In this review, after a description of how aging affects the mitochondrial quality and quality control system and the involvement of mitochondria in inflammation, we report information on how vitamin E, the main fat-soluble antioxidant, can protect mitochondria from age-related changes. The information in this regard is scarce and limited to some tissues and some aspects of mitochondrial alterations in aging. Improving knowledge of the effects of vitamin E on aging is essential to defining an optimal strategy for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetana Napolitano
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Via Acton n. 38, I-80133 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (M.T.M.T.)
| | - Gianluca Fasciolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Napoli Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Muscari Tomajoli
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Via Acton n. 38, I-80133 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (M.T.M.T.)
| | - Paola Venditti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Napoli Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy;
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Kaczmarek A, Wrońska AK, Kazek M, Boguś MI. Octanoic Acid-An Insecticidal Metabolite of Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomopthorales) That Affects Two Majors Antifungal Protection Systems in Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera): Cuticular Lipids and Hemocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095204. [PMID: 35563592 PMCID: PMC9101785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The food flavour additive octanoic acid (C8:0) is also a metabolite of the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus, which efficiently infects and rapidly kills Galleria mellonella. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of C8:0 in insecticidal fraction FR3 extracted from C. coronatus filtrate. Topical administration of C8:0 had a dose-dependent effect on survival rates of larvae but not on pupation or adult eclosion times of the survivors. Topically applied C8:0 was more toxic to adults than larvae (LD100 for adults 18.33 ± 2.49 vs. 33.56 ± 2.57 µg/mg of body mass for larvae). The administration of C8:0 on the cuticle of larvae and adults, in amounts corresponding to their LD50 and LD100 doses, had a considerable impact on the two main defense systems engaged in protecting against pathogens, causing serious changes in the developmental-stage-specific profiles of free fatty acids (FFAs) covering the cuticle of larvae and adults and damaging larval hemocytes. In vitro cultures of G. mellonella hemocytes, either directly treated with C8:0 or taken from C8:0 treated larvae, revealed deformation of hemocytes, disordered networking, late apoptosis, and necrosis, as well as caspase 1-9 activation and elevation of 8-OHdG level. C8:0 was also confirmed to have a cytotoxic effect on the SF-9 insect cell line, as determined by WST-1 and LDH tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kaczmarek
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-875 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.W.); (M.K.); (M.I.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Katarzyna Wrońska
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-875 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.W.); (M.K.); (M.I.B.)
| | - Michalina Kazek
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-875 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.W.); (M.K.); (M.I.B.)
| | - Mieczysława Irena Boguś
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-875 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.W.); (M.K.); (M.I.B.)
- Biomibo, 04-872 Warsaw, Poland
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Jayaraj P, Sarkar P, Routh S, Sarathe C, Rajagopal D, Thirumurugan K. A promising discovery of anti-aging chemical conjugate derived from lipoic acid and sesamol established in Drosophila melanogaster. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00720g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phytonutrients, lipoic acid and sesamol, were chemically combined to yield medically important lipoic acid-sesamol conjugate (LSC). NMR and LC-MS/MS techniques were used to determine the chemical structure of LSC. The...
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Ramnarine TJS, Grath S, Parsch J. Natural variation in the transcriptional response of Drosophila melanogaster to oxidative stress. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 12:6409858. [PMID: 34747443 PMCID: PMC8727983 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Broadly distributed species must cope with diverse and changing environmental conditions, including various forms of stress. Cosmopolitan populations of Drosophila melanogaster are more tolerant to oxidative stress than those from the species’ ancestral range in sub-Saharan Africa, and the degree of tolerance is associated with an insertion/deletion polymorphism in the 3′ untranslated region of the Metallothionein A (MtnA) gene that varies clinally in frequency. We examined oxidative stress tolerance and the transcriptional response to oxidative stress in cosmopolitan and sub-Saharan African populations of D. melanogaster, including paired samples with allelic differences at the MtnA locus. We found that the effect of the MtnA polymorphism on oxidative stress tolerance was dependent on the genomic background, with the deletion allele increasing tolerance only in a northern, temperate population. Genes that were differentially expressed under oxidative stress included MtnA and other metallothioneins, as well as those involved in glutathione metabolism and other genes known to be part of the oxidative stress response or the general stress response. A gene coexpression analysis revealed further genes and pathways that respond to oxidative stress including those involved in additional metabolic processes, autophagy, and apoptosis. There was a significant overlap among the genes induced by oxidative and cold stress, which suggests a shared response pathway to these two stresses. Interestingly, the MtnA deletion was associated with consistent changes in the expression of many genes across all genomic backgrounds, regardless of the expression level of the MtnA gene itself. We hypothesize that this is an indirect effect driven by the loss of microRNA binding sites within the MtnA 3′ untranslated region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J S Ramnarine
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Sonja Grath
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - John Parsch
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
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Melatonin Increases Life Span, Restores the Locomotor Activity, and Reduces Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) in Transgenic Knockdown Parkin Drosophila melanogaster Exposed to Paraquat or Paraquat/Iron. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1551-1563. [PMID: 34339012 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex progressive neurodegenerative disorder involving impairment of bodily movement caused by the specific destruction of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. Mounting evidence suggests that PD might be triggered by an interplay between environmental neurotoxicants (e.g., paraquat, PQ), heavy metals (e.g., iron), and gene alterations (e.g., PARKIN gene). Unfortunately, there are no therapies currently available that protect, slow, delay, or prevent the progression of PD. Melatonin (Mel, N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine) is a natural hormone with pleiotropic functions including receptor-independent pathways which might be useful in the treatment of PD. Therefore, as a chemical molecule, it has been shown that Mel prolonged the lifespan and locomotor activity, and reduced lipid peroxidation (LPO) in wild-type Canton-S flies exposed to PQ, suggesting antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. However, it is not yet known whether Mel can protect or prevent the genetic model parkin deficient in flies against oxidative stress (OS) stimuli. Here, we show that Mel (0.5, 1, 3 mM) significantly extends the life span and locomotor activity of TH > parkin-RNAi/ + Drosophila melanogaster flies (> 15 days) compared to untreated flies. Knock-down (K-D) parkin flies treated with PQ (1 mM) or PQ (1 mM)/iron (1 mM) significantly diminished the survival index and climbing abilities (e.g., 50% of flies were dead and locomotor impairment by days 4 and 3, respectively). Remarkably, Mel reverted the noxious effect of PQ or PQ/iron combination in K-D parkin. Indeed, Mel protects TH > parkin-RNAi/ + Drosophila melanogaster flies against PQ- or PQ/iron-induced diminish survival, locomotor impairment, and LPO (e.g., 50% of flies were death and locomotor impairment by days 6 and 9, respectively). Similarly, Mel prevented K-D parkin flies against both PQ and PQ/iron. Taken together, these findings suggest that Mel can be safely used as an antioxidant and neuroprotectant agent against OS-stimuli in selective individuals at risk to suffer early-onset Parkinsonism and PD.
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Multidrug Resistance Like Protein 1 Activity in Malpighian Tubules Regulates Lipid Homeostasis in Drosophila. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11060432. [PMID: 34201304 PMCID: PMC8229909 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) are important for ion transport, toxin/xenobiotic secretion, and signal transduction. Although studies have been undertaken to understand their physiological function, it is not fully known how MRPs may regulate metabolism. We knocked down the expression of Drosophila multidrug-resistance like protein 1 (MRP) in several tissues central to metabolic regulation. Reducing MRP in Malpighian tubules, the functional equivalent to the human kidney, was sufficient to disrupt metabolic homeostasis, owing to abnormal lipid accumulation, as well as changes in feeding behavior. It also increased oxidative stress resistance in adult flies, possibly due to reduced levels of reactive oxygen species. Abstract Multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs), members of the ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC transporter) family, are pivotal for transporting endo- and xenobiotics, which confer resistance to anticancer agents and contribute to the clearance of oxidative products. However, their function in many biological processes is still unclear. We investigated the role of an evolutionarily conserved MRP in metabolic homeostasis by knocking down the expression of Drosophila multidrug-resistance like protein 1 (MRP) in several tissues involved in regulating metabolism, including the gut, fat body, and Malpighian tubules. Interestingly, only suppression of MRP in the Malpighian tubules, the functional equivalent to the human kidney, was sufficient to cause abnormal lipid accumulation and disrupt feeding behavior. Furthermore, reduced Malpighian tubule MRP expression resulted in increased Hr96 (homolog of human pregnane X receptor) expression. Hr96 is known to play a role in detoxification and lipid metabolism processes. Reduced expression of MRP in the Malpighian tubules also conveyed resistance to oxidative stress, as well as reduced normal levels of reactive oxygen species in adult flies. This study reveals that an evolutionarily conserved MRP is required in Drosophila Malpighian tubules for proper metabolic homeostasis.
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Srivastav S, Anand BG, Fatima M, Prajapati KP, Yadav SS, Kar K, Mondal AC. Piperine-Coated Gold Nanoparticles Alleviate Paraquat-Induced Neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3772-3785. [PMID: 33125229 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease known to impart bradykinesia leading to diverse metabolic complications. Currently, scarcity of effective drug candidates against this long-term devastating disorder poses a big therapeutic challenge. Here, we have synthesized biocompatible, polycrystalline, and uniform piperine-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPspiperine) to specifically target paraquat-induced metabolic complications both in Drosophila melanogaster and SH-SY5Y cells. Our experimental evidence clearly revealed that AuNPspiperine can effectively reverse paraquat-induced lethal effects in both in vitro and in vivo model systems of PD. AuNPspiperine were found to suppress oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to inhibition of apoptotic cell death in paraquat-treated flies. AuNPspiperine were also found to protect SH-SY5Y cells against paraquat-induced toxicity at the cellular level preferably by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential. Both experimental and computational data point to the possible influence of AuNPspiperine in regulating the homeostasis of parkin and p53 which may turn out to be the key factors in reducing PD symptoms. The findings of this work may facilitate the development of piperine-based nanoformulations against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Srivastav
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Bibin G. Anand
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Mahino Fatima
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | | | - Suresh Singh Yadav
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Karunakar Kar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
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Ruiz‐Guzmán G, Cordero‐Molina S, Krams I, Contreras‐Garduño J. Interactions between oxidative stress and attractiveness to mates and individual mate choice in the beetle
Tenebrio molitor. Ethology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ruiz‐Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Sagrario Cordero‐Molina
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Indrikis Krams
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology Faculty of Biology University of Latvia Rīga Latvia
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre Rīga Latvia
| | - Jorge Contreras‐Garduño
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
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Abdu-Allah GAM, Seong KM, Mittapalli O, Ojo JA, Sun W, Posos-Parra O, Mota-Sanchez D, Clark JM, Pittendrigh BR. Dietary antioxidants impact DDT resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237986. [PMID: 32841282 PMCID: PMC7447025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects experience a diversity of subtoxic and/or toxic xenobiotics through exposure to pesticides and, in the case of herbivorous insects, through plant defensive compounds in their diets. Many insects are also concurrently exposed to antioxidants in their diets. The impact of dietary antioxidants on the toxicity of xenobiotics in insects is not well understood, in part due to the challenge of developing appropriate systems in which doses and exposure times (of both the antioxidants and the xenobiotics) can be controlled and outcomes can be easily measured. However, in Drosophila melanogaster, a well-established insect model system, both dietary factors and pesticide exposure can be easily controlled. Additionally, the mode of action and xenobiotic metabolism of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), a highly persistent neurotoxic organochlorine insecticide that is detected widely in the environment, have been well studied in DDT-susceptible and -resistant strains. Using a glass-vial bioassay system with blue diet as the food source, seven compounds with known antioxidant effects (ascorbic acid, β-carotene, glutathione, α-lipoic acid, melatonin, minocycline, and serotonin) were orally tested for their impact on DDT toxicity across three strains of D. melanogaster: one highly susceptible to DDT (Canton-S), one mildly susceptible (91-C), and one highly resistant (91-R). Three of the antioxidants (serotonin, ascorbic acid, and β-carotene) significantly impacted the toxicity of DDT in one or more strains. Fly strain and gender, antioxidant type, and antioxidant dose all affected the relative toxicity of DDT. Our work demonstrates that dietary antioxidants can potentially alter the toxicity of a xenobiotic in an insect population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A. M. Abdu-Allah
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
- Department of Plant Protection, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Keon Mook Seong
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Omprakash Mittapalli
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - James Adebayo Ojo
- Department of Crop Production, Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Weilin Sun
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Omar Posos-Parra
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - David Mota-Sanchez
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - John M. Clark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Barry R. Pittendrigh
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Nandakumar S, Grushko O, Buttitta LA. Polyploidy in the adult Drosophila brain. eLife 2020; 9:e54385. [PMID: 32840209 PMCID: PMC7447450 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lived cells such as terminally differentiated postmitotic neurons and glia must cope with the accumulation of damage over the course of an animal's lifespan. How long-lived cells deal with ageing-related damage is poorly understood. Here we show that polyploid cells accumulate in the adult fly brain and that polyploidy protects against DNA damage-induced cell death. Multiple types of neurons and glia that are diploid at eclosion, become polyploid in the adult Drosophila brain. The optic lobes exhibit the highest levels of polyploidy, associated with an elevated DNA damage response in this brain region. Inducing oxidative stress or exogenous DNA damage leads to an earlier onset of polyploidy, and polyploid cells in the adult brain are more resistant to DNA damage-induced cell death than diploid cells. Our results suggest polyploidy may serve a protective role for neurons and glia in adult Drosophila melanogaster brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyama Nandakumar
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Olga Grushko
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Laura A Buttitta
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
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14
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Gao L, Yuan H, Xu E, Liu J. Toxicology of paraquat and pharmacology of the protective effect of 5-hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin on lung injury caused by paraquat based on metabolomics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1790. [PMID: 32019966 PMCID: PMC7000692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a non-selective herbicide and is exceedingly toxic to humans. The mechanism of PQ toxicity is very complex and has not been clearly defined. There is no specific antidote for PQ poisoning. 5-hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin (HMH) is an intrinsic antioxidant and can protect against renal damage caused by PQ. The mechanism of PQ toxicology and the possible effects of HMH on PQ-induced lung injury were determined in this study. It was found that PQ decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and elevated the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), while HMH elevated SOD activity and decreased the level of MDA. Based on metabolomics, the citrate cycle, glutathione metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, and phenylalanine metabolism were changed in the PQ group. Compared with the PQ group, the levels of N-acetyl-l-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, mesaconic acid, adenosine 5′ monophosphate, methylmalonic acid, cytidine, phosphonoacetic acid, hypotaurine, glutathione (reduced) and cysteinylglycine increased, while the levels of corticosterone, xanthine, citric acid, prostaglandin G2, 4-pyridoxic acid and succinyl proline decreased in the HMH group. These metabolites revealed that HMH can alleviate inflammation caused by PQ and elevate the activity of intrinsic antioxidants. In conclusion, our results revealed PQ toxicology and the pharmacology underlying the protective effect of HMH on lung injury due to PQ. Toxicity caused by PQ results in lipid peroxidation and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), damage to the biliary system, gastrointestinal system and nervous system, in addition to lungs, kidneys, and the liver. HMH is a good antioxidant and protects against lung injury caused by PQ. In summary, HMH efficiently reduced PQ-induced lung injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gao
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Liaoning, 110014, China.
| | - Huiya Yuan
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Liaoning, 110014, China
| | - Enyu Xu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Liaoning, 110014, China
| | - Junting Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Liaoning, 110014, China
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15
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Charão MF, Goethel G, Brucker N, Paese K, Eifler-Lima VL, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS, Garcia SC. Melatonin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules protect against lipid peroxidation caused by paraquat through increased SOD expression in Caenorhabditis elegans. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:80. [PMID: 31852511 PMCID: PMC6921496 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin has been described in the literature as a potent antioxidant. However, melatonin presents variable, low bioavailability and a short half-life. The use of polymeric nanoparticulated systems has been proposed for controlled release. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the action of melatonin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (Mel-LNC) in the antioxidant system of Caenorhabditis elegans, and the possible protective effect of this formulation against lipid peroxidation caused by paraquat (PQ). METHODS The suspensions were prepared by interfacial deposition of the polymer and were physiochemically characterized. C. elegans N2 wild type and transgenic worm CF1553, muls84 [sod-3p::gfp; rol6(su1006)] were obtained from the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center (CGC). The worms were divided into 5 groups: Control, PQ 0.5 mM, PQ 0.5 mM + Mel-LNC 10 μg/mL, PQ + unloaded lipid-core nanocapsules (LNC), and PQ + free melatonin (Mel) 10 μg/mL. The lipid peroxidation was assessed through thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) levels and the fluorescence levels of the transgenic worms expressing GFP were measured. RESULTS The LNC and Mel-LNC presented a bluish-white liquid, with pH values of 5.56 and 5.69, respectively. The zeta potential was - 6.4 ± 0.6 and - 5.2 ± 0.2, respectively. The mean particle diameter was 205 ± 4 nm and 203 ± 3 nm, respectively. The total melatonin content was 0.967 mg/ml. The TBARS levels were significantly higher in the PQ group when compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Mel-LNC reduced TBARS levels to similar levels found in the control group. Moreover, only Mel-LNC significantly enhanced the SOD-3 expression (p < 0.05). Mel-LNC was capable of protecting C. elegans from lipid peroxidation caused by PQ and this was not observed when free melatonin was used. Moreover, Mel-LNC increased the fluorescence intensity of the transgenic strain that encodes the antioxidant enzyme SOD-3, demonstrating a possible mechanism of protection from PQ-induced damage. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that melatonin, when associated with nanocapsules, had improved antioxidant properties and the protective activity against PQ-induced lipid peroxidation could be associated with the activation of antioxidant enzymes by Mel-LNC in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele F Charão
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Goethel
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Brucker
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Karina Paese
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera L Eifler-Lima
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana R Pohlmann
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia S Guterres
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Solange C Garcia
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. .,Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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16
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Pang L, Deng P, Liang YD, Qian JY, Wu LC, Yang LL, Yu ZP, Zhou Z. Lipoic acid antagonizes paraquat-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction by suppressing mitochondrial reactive oxidative stress. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:918-927. [PMID: 32774841 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00186g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide in the agricultural field. The lack of an effective antidote is the significant cause of high mortality in PQ poisoning. Here, we investigate the antagonistic effects of alpha lipoic acid (α-LA), a naturally existing antioxidant, on PQ toxicity in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). All the doses of 250, 500 and 1000 μM α-LA significantly inhibited 1000 μM PQ-induced cytotoxicity in HMEC-1 cells. α-LA pretreatment remarkably diminished the damage to cell migration ability, recovered the declined levels of the vasodilator factor nitric oxide (NO), elevated the expression level of endothelial nitric oxide synthases (eNOS), and inhibited the upregulated expression of vasoconstrictor factor endothelin-1 (ET-1). Moreover, α-LA pretreatment inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, suppressed the damage to the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m) and mitigated the inhibition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in HMEC-1 cells. These results suggested that α-LA could alleviate PQ-induced endothelial dysfunction by suppressing oxidative stress. In summary, our present study provides novel insight into the protective effects and pharmacological potential of α-LA against PQ toxicity in microvascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pang
- Department of Cell Biology , School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China .
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038 , China
| | - Yi-Dan Liang
- Department of Cell Biology , School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China .
| | - Jing-Yu Qian
- Department of Cell Biology , School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China .
| | - Li-Chuan Wu
- Department of Cell Biology , School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China .
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- Department of Occupational Health , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038 , China
| | - Zheng-Ping Yu
- Department of Cell Biology , School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China . .,Department of Occupational Health , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038 , China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology , School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China .
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17
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Brandt A, Joop G, Vilcinskas A. Tribolium castaneum as a whole-animal screening system for the detection and characterization of neuroprotective substances. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 100:e21532. [PMID: 30653719 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. Natural antioxidants and plant extracts with neuroprotective properties offer a promising new therapeutic approach for PD patients, but a suitable large-scale screening system is required for their discovery and preclinical analysis. Here we used the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum ) as a whole-animal screening system for the detection and characterization of neuroprotective substances. Paraquat was added to the diet of adult beetles to induce PD-like symptoms, which were quantified using a novel positive geotaxis behavioral assay. These paraquat-induced behavioral changes were reduced in beetles fed on diets supplemented with l-dihydroxyphenylalanine, ascorbic acid, curcumin, hempseed flour, or the Chinese herb gou-teng. T. castaneum is, therefore, a valuable model for the screening of neuroprotective substances in chemical libraries and plant extracts and could be developed as a model for the preclinical testing of therapeutic candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annely Brandt
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
- LLH-Bee Institute Kirchhain, Kirchhain, Germany
| | - Gerrit Joop
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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18
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Hu S, Qiao C, Yuan Z, Li M, Ye J, Ma H, Wang J, Xin S, Zhang J. Therapy with high-dose long-term antioxidant free radicals for severe paraquat poisoning: A pilot study. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:5149-5155. [PMID: 30542470 PMCID: PMC6257550 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of high-dose long-term antioxidant free radicals on the mortality rate, creatinine (Cr) value, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), as well as the incidence rates of lung fibrosis and dysfunction in the treatment of patients with severe paraquat (PQ) poisoning [toxic dose, 20 ml stock solution (20% w/v)]. A total of 23 cases of severe PQ poisoning treated in Xiangyang First People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine were collected (group 1), and they received conventional treatments such as immunosuppressive agents and/or hemoperfusion. Six patients were given high-dose long-term antioxidant therapy on the basis of conventional treatments (group 2). After treatment, 6 out of the 23 patients in group 1 survived, and all the 6 patients in group 2 survived, with the survival rate of 26.1 vs. 100% (p<0.01). The lowest PaO2 value in group 1 was lower than that in group 2 (70.26±16.38 vs. 91.17±3.43 mmHg, p<0.01). The highest ALT value in group 1 was higher than that in group 2 (216.74±126.23 vs. 52.50±24.83 U/l, p<0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of lung fibrosis between the two groups of survived patients, but there were 6 patients that died of severe lung fibrosis in group 1. Besides, the incidence rate of lung dysfunction in patients in group 2 was significantly lower than that in survived patients in group 1 (p<0.01). High-dose long-term antioxidants are the most critical treatment option to improve the survival rate of high-dose PQ poisoning, they increase the patient's PaO2, enhance liver function, reduce lung fibrosis and refine lung dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunlin Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangyang First People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Chuanhu Qiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangyang First People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengli Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangyang First People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangyang First People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Jiangfeng Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangyang First People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangyang First People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangyang First People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Siyi Xin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangyang First People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangyang First People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
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19
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Wang T, Cheng J, Wang S, Wang X, Jiang H, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhang C, Liang W, Feng H. α-Lipoic acid attenuates oxidative stress and neurotoxicity via the ERK/Akt-dependent pathway in the mutant hSOD1 related Drosophila model and the NSC34 cell line of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Res Bull 2018; 140:299-310. [PMID: 29842900 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disease with a progressive loss of motor neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). However, there are unsolved problems with the therapies for this disease. α-Lipoic acid (LA) is a natural, universal antioxidant capable of scavenging hydroxyl radicals as well as regenerating a series of antioxidant enzymes that has been widely used in clinical settings. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of LA in ALS cell and Drosophila models with mutant G85R and G93A hSOD1 genes. The biological effects of LA and the protein levels of several antioxidant factors were examined, as were those of phospho-Akt and phospho-ERK. Furthermore, specific inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signaling pathways were used to analyze their effects on LA-induced antioxidant expression in vivo and in vitro. Evidences showed that the mutant hSOD1 resulted in the increased oxidative stress, abnormal antioxidant signaling and pathological behaviors in motor performance and survival compared with non-mutant hSOD1 models, treatment with LA improved motor activity and survival in transgenic flies, prevented NSC34 cells from mutant hSOD1 or H2O2 induced decreased antioxidant enzymes as well as increased ROS levels. In addition, LA regulated the expression levels of antioxidant proteins in a dose- and periodical time-dependent manner, which might be mediated by ERK/Akt pathway activation and independent from the mutant hSOD1 gene. Our observations suggest that LA exerts strong and positive antioxidant and neuroprotective effects through the activation of the ERK-Akt pathway in hSOD1 ALS models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhang Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Jiling Cheng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Hongquan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Yueqing Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Chunting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Weiwei Liang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Honglin Feng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
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20
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Lam A, Karekar P, Shah K, Hariharan G, Fleyshman M, Kaur H, Singh H, Gururaja Rao S. Drosophila Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel α1-Subunits Regulate Cardiac Function in the Aging Heart. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6910. [PMID: 29720608 PMCID: PMC5932002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels maintain numerous physiological functions and regulate signaling pathways. They are the key targets for cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), acting as signaling switches between ROS and ionic homeostasis. We have carried out a paraquat (PQ) screen in Drosophila to identify ion channels regulating the ROS handling and survival in Drosophila melanogaster. Our screen has revealed that α1-subunits (D-type, T-type, and cacophony) of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) handle PQ-mediated ROS stress differentially in a gender-based manner. Since ROS are also involved in determining the lifespan, we discovered that the absence of T-type and cacophony decreased the lifespan while the absence of D-type maintained a similar lifespan to that of the wild-type strain. VGCCs are also responsible for electrical signaling in cardiac cells. The cardiac function of each mutant was evaluated through optical coherence tomography (OCT), which revealed that α1-subunits of VGCCs are essential in maintaining cardiac rhythmicity and cardiac function in an age-dependent manner. Our results establish specific roles of α1-subunits of VGCCs in the functioning of the aging heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Priyanka Karekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Kajol Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Girija Hariharan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Michelle Fleyshman
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Harmehak Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
| | - Shubha Gururaja Rao
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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21
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Jia Y, Yang B, Dong W, Liu Z, Lv Z, Jia Z, Qiu L, Wang L, Song L. A serotonin receptor (Cg5-HTR-1) mediating immune response in oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:83-93. [PMID: 29305167 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin receptors, including ligand-gated ion channel (LGICs) and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), play vital roles in modulating physiological processes and immunoreaction. In the present study, a homologue of serotonin (5-HT) receptor was identified from oyster Crassostrea gigas (designated Cg5-HTR-1). Its open reading frame (ORF) was of 1239 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 412 amino acids with a seven transmembrane region. Cg5-HTR-1 shared high similarity with the 5-HTRs from other animals. The cAMP contents in HEK293T cells decreased significantly after Cg5-HTR-1 transfection and 5-HT incubation (p < .05), while blocking Cg5-HTR-1 with specific receptor antagonist reversed this downtrend. The intracellular Ca2+ concentrations increased significantly (p < .05) after cell transfection and 5-HT incubation, and the antagonist treatment also arrested this process. Cg5-HTR-1 transcripts were widely distributed in various tissues, with the highest level in hepatopancreas and lowest level in mantle and gill. The mRNA expression of Cg5-HTR-1 in hemocyte increased significantly after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and reached the peak level (6.47-fold, p < .05) at 6 h post treatment. The inhibition of Cg5-HTR-1 significantly reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA in hemocyte, down-regulated the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum, and induced the apoptosis of hemocyte (p < .05). These results suggested that Cg5-HTR-1 was a novel member of 5-HT1 receptor family and it mediated serotonergic immunomodulation on both cellular and humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunke Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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22
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Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Protects and Prevents Paraquat-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration in Knockdown dj-1-β Drosophila melanogaster. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:401-416. [PMID: 29667128 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a polyhydroxyphenol constituent of green tea (e.g., Camellia sinensis) with known antioxidant properties. Due to these properties, others have proposed it as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previously, we demonstrated that EGCG prolonged the lifespan and locomotor activity in wild-type Canton-S flies exposed to the neurotoxicant paraquat (PQ), suggesting neuroprotective properties. Both gene mutations and environmental neurotoxicants (e.g., PQ) are factors involved in the development of PD. Thus, the first aim of this study was to create a suitable animal model of PD, which encompasses both of these factors. To create the model, we knocked down dj-1-β function specifically in the dopaminergic neurons to generate TH > dj-1-β-RNAi/+ Drosophila melanogaster flies. Next, we induced neurotoxicity in the transgenic flies with PQ. The second aim of this study was to validate the model by comparing the effects of vehicle, EGCG, and chemicals with known antioxidant and neuroprotective properties in vivo (e.g., propyl gallate and minocycline) on life-span, locomotor activity, lipid peroxidation, and neurodegeneration. The EGCG treatment provided protection and prevention from the PQ-induced reduction in the life-span and locomotor activity and from the PQ-induced increase in lipid peroxidation and neurodegeneration. These effects were augmented in the EGCG-treated flies when compared to the flies treated with either PG or MC. Altogether, these results suggest that the transgenic TH > dj-1-β-RNAi/+ flies treated with PQ serve as a suitable PD model for screening of potential therapeutic agents.
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Huyut Z, Şekeroğlu MR, Balahoroğlu R, Huyut MT. Characteristics of resveratrol and serotonin on antioxidant capacity and susceptibility to oxidation of red blood cells in stored human blood in a time-dependent manner. J Int Med Res 2017; 46:272-283. [PMID: 28835147 PMCID: PMC6011276 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517725450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In stored red blood cells (RBCs), which are used in diseases (e.g., acute blood loss and leukaemia), storage lesions arise by oxidative stress and other factors over time. This study investigated the protective effects of resveratrol and serotonin on stored RBCs. Methods Blood from each donor (n = 10) was placed in different bags containing 70 mL of citrate phosphate dextrose (total volume: 500 mL) and divided into three groups (n = 30): control, 60 µg/mL resveratrol, and 60 µg/mL serotonin. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, and carbonic anhydrase (CA), and susceptibility to oxidation in RBCs, and pH in whole blood were measured at baseline and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Results MDA levels and susceptibility to oxidation were increased in all three groups time-dependently, but this increase was greater in the serotonin group than in the other groups. Activity of GSH-Px, CAT, and CA, as well as GSH levels, were decreased in the control and serotonin groups time-dependently, but were significantly preserved in the resveratrol group. The pH was decreased in all groups time-dependently. Conclusion Our study shows that resveratrol attenuates susceptibility to oxidation of RBCs and protects their antioxidant capacity, and partially preserves CA activity time-dependently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zübeyir Huyut
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, 64162 Yuzuncu Yıl University , Van, Turkey
| | | | - Ragıp Balahoroğlu
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, Region Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tahir Huyut
- 4 Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, 64162 Yuzuncu Yıl University , Van, Turkey
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Ortega-Arellano HF, Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Velez-Pardo C. Minocycline protects, rescues and prevents knockdown transgenic parkin Drosophila against paraquat/iron toxicity: Implications for autosomic recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Neurotoxicology 2017; 60:42-53. [PMID: 28284907 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive Juvenile Parkinsonism (AR-JP) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutation in the PARKIN gene, and invariably associated with dopaminergic (DAergic) neuronal loss and brain iron accumulation. Since current medical therapy is symptomatic and lacks significant disease-modifying effects, other treatment approaches are urgently needed it. In the present work, we investigate the role of minocycline (MC) in paraquat (PQ)/iron-induced neurotoxicity in the Drosophila TH>parkin-RNAi/+ (w[*]; UAS-parkin-RNAi; TH-GAL4) fly and have shown the following: (i) MC increased life span and restored the locomotor activity of knockdown (KD) transgenic parkin flies in comparison with the control (vehicle) group; (ii) MC at low (0.1 and 0.3mM) and middle (0.5mM) concentrations protected, rescued and prevented KD parkin Drosophila against PQ toxicity. However, MC at high (1mM) concentration aggravated the toxic effect of PQ; (iii) MC protected and rescued DAergic neurons against the PQ toxic effect according to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)>green-fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter protein microscopy and anti-TH Western blotting analysis; (iv) MC protected DAergic neurons against PQ/iron toxicity; (v) MC significantly abridged lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the protection, rescue and prevention treatment in TH>parkin-RNAi/+ flies against PQ or iron alone or combined (PQ/iron)-induced neuronal oxidative stress (OS). Our results suggest that MC exerts neuroprotection against PQ/iron-induced OS in DAergic neurons most probably by the scavenging activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and by chelating iron. Therefore, MC might be a potential therapeutic drug to delay, revert, or prevent AR-JP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Flavio Ortega-Arellano
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Carlos Velez-Pardo
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin, Colombia.
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Satpute RM, Pawar PP, Puttewar S, Sawale SD, Ambhore PD. Effect of resveratrol and tetracycline on the subacute paraquat toxicity in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 36:1303-1314. [PMID: 28090784 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116688070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a nonselective bipyridyl herbicide widely used in agriculture to control weeds, but its accidental, occupational, or intentional exposure in humans is known to cause pneumo- and neurotoxicity which may proves fatal. Oxidative stress is reported as an underlined mechanism of PQ-induced toxicity in alveolar cells, neurons, and astroglia. PQ generates superoxides both through electron transport reaction (ETC) with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent oxidoreductase and by the redox cycling via reaction with molecular oxygen. In lungs, it causes edema and inflammation resulting in neutrophils infiltration and subsequent activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the present study, toxicity of subacute oral PQ exposure and effect of resveratrol (Res) and/or tetracycline (TC) on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in lungs, brain, and liver was studied. Levels of glutathione and malondialdehyde and activities of myeloperoxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were measured in lungs, brain, and liver. PQ interferes in the function of mitochondrial ETC complexes causing decreased adenosine triphosphate levels, and hence the activities of complexes I and IV were studied in brain tissues. Res, a natural antioxidant, and TC, an antibiotic with its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, offered significant protection from severe oxidative stress and inflammation and ameliorated the general well-being of mice against the toxic outcome of PQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Satpute
- 1 Toxicology Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - P P Pawar
- 2 Department of Biotechnology, S.F.S. College, Seminari Hills, Nagpur, India
| | - S Puttewar
- 2 Department of Biotechnology, S.F.S. College, Seminari Hills, Nagpur, India
| | - S D Sawale
- 3 Department of Biotechnology, G.H. Raisoni Institute of Information Technology, Nagpur, India
| | - P D Ambhore
- 4 Department of Biotechnology, Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya, Latur, India
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Sengupta S, Rath U, Yao C, Zavortink M, Wang C, Girton J, Johansen KM, Johansen J. Digitor/dASCIZ Has Multiple Roles in Drosophila Development. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166829. [PMID: 27861562 PMCID: PMC5115829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we provide evidence that the spindle matrix protein Skeletor in Drosophila interacts with the human ASCIZ (also known as ATMIN and ZNF822) ortholog, Digitor/dASCIZ. This interaction was first detected in a yeast two-hybrid screen and subsequently confirmed by pull-down assays. We also confirm a previously documented function of Digitor/dASCIZ as a regulator of Dynein light chain/Cut up expression. Using transgenic expression of a mCitrine-labeled Digitor construct, we show that Digitor/dASCIZ is a nuclear protein that is localized to interband and developmental puff chromosomal regions during interphase but redistributes to the spindle region during mitosis. Its mitotic localization and physical interaction with Skeletor suggest the possibility that Digitor/dASCIZ plays a direct role in mitotic progression as a member of the spindle matrix complex. Furthermore, we have characterized a P-element insertion that is likely to be a true null Digitor/dASCIZ allele resulting in complete pupal lethality when homozygous, indicating that Digitor/dASCIZ is an essential gene. Phenotypic analysis of the mutant provided evidence that Digitor/dASCIZ plays critical roles in regulation of metamorphosis and organogenesis as well as in the DNA damage response. In the Digitor/dASCIZ null mutant larvae there was greatly elevated levels of γH2Av, indicating accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks. Furthermore, reduced levels of Digitor/dASCIZ decreased the resistance to paraquat-induced oxidative stress resulting in increased mortality in a stress test paradigm. We show that an early developmental consequence of the absence of Digitor/dASCIZ is reduced third instar larval brain size although overall larval development appeared otherwise normal at this stage. While Digitor/dASCIZ mutant larvae initiate pupation, all mutant pupae failed to eclose and exhibited various defects in metamorphosis such as impaired differentiation, incomplete disc eversion, and faulty apoptosis. Altogether we provide evidence that Digitor/dASCIZ is a nuclear protein that performs multiple roles in Drosophila larval and pupal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Sengupta
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Uttama Rath
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Changfu Yao
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Michael Zavortink
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Chao Wang
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jack Girton
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Kristen M. Johansen
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JJ); (KMJ)
| | - Jørgen Johansen
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JJ); (KMJ)
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VanKirk T, Powers E, Dowse HB. Melatonin increases the regularity of cardiac rhythmicity in the Drosophila heart in both wild-type and strains bearing pathogenic mutations. J Comp Physiol B 2016; 187:63-78. [PMID: 27448293 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-016-1019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone that is critical for normal circadian and seasonal rhythmicity in a wide range of different animals. It is a powerful antioxidant commonly used to prevent reperfusion injury to the heart after infarction. We show here it has other more far-reaching effects on cardiac function. Using the Drosophila model, we show that injection of melatonin increases the regularity of heartbeat significantly and can rescue rhythmicity in flies bearing mutations that adversely affect cardiac function. Notably, melatonin increases cardiac regularity independent of alteration of heart rate. We provide compelling evidence that melatonin's action as an antioxidant is not the mechanism underlying improved cardiac performance. We have strong evidence that melatonin's action on the heart is mediated via a specific G-Protein-coupled receptor encoded by the CG 4313 gene that our results implicate as a candidate melatonin receptor. These results open a line of questioning about fundamental aspects of cardiac pacemaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia VanKirk
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Evelyn Powers
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Harold B Dowse
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
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Monnin D, Kremer N, Berny C, Henri H, Dumet A, Voituron Y, Desouhant E, Vavre F. Influence of oxidative homeostasis on bacterial density and cost of infection in Drosophila-Wolbachia symbioses. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1211-22. [PMID: 26999590 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of symbioses along the continuum between parasitism and mutualism can be influenced by the oxidative homeostasis, that is the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant molecules. Indeed, ROS can contribute to the host immune defence to regulate symbiont populations, but are also toxic. This interplay between ROS and symbiosis is notably exemplified by recent results in arthropod-Wolbachia interactions. Wolbachia are symbiotic bacteria involved in a wide range of interactions with their arthropods hosts, from facultative, parasitic associations to obligatory, mutualistic ones. In this study, we used Drosophila-Wolbachia associations to determine whether the oxidative homeostasis plays a role in explaining the differences between phenotypically distinct arthropod-Wolbachia symbioses. We used Drosophila lines with different Wolbachia infections and measured the effects of pro-oxidant (paraquat) and antioxidant (glutathione) treatments on the Wolbachia density and the host survival. We show that experimental manipulations of the oxidative homeostasis can reduce the cost of the infection through its effect on Wolbachia density. We discuss the implication of this result from an evolutionary perspective and argue that the oxidative homeostasis could underlie the evolution of tolerance and dependence on Wolbachia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Monnin
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, UMR 5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - N Kremer
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, UMR 5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Berny
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, UMR 5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - H Henri
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, UMR 5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Dumet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, UMR 5023, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Y Voituron
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, UMR 5023, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - E Desouhant
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, UMR 5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - F Vavre
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, UMR 5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Gajan A, Barnes VL, Liu M, Saha N, Pile LA. The histone demethylase dKDM5/LID interacts with the SIN3 histone deacetylase complex and shares functional similarities with SIN3. Epigenetics Chromatin 2016; 9:4. [PMID: 26848313 PMCID: PMC4740996 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-016-0053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regulation of gene expression by histone-modifying enzymes is essential to control cell fate decisions and developmental processes. Two histone-modifying enzymes, RPD3, a deacetylase, and dKDM5/LID, a demethylase, are present in a single complex, coordinated through the SIN3 scaffold protein. While the SIN3 complex has been demonstrated to have functional histone deacetylase activity, the role of the demethylase dKDM5/LID as part of the complex has not been investigated. Results Here, we analyzed the developmental and transcriptional activities of dKDM5/LID in relation to SIN3. Knockdown of either Sin3A or lid resulted in decreased cell proliferation in S2 cells and wing imaginal discs. Conditional knockdown of either Sin3A or lid resulted in flies that displayed wing developmental defects. Interestingly, overexpression of dKDM5/LID rescued the wing developmental defect due to reduced levels of SIN3 in female flies, indicating a major role for dKDM5/LID in cooperation with SIN3 during development. Together, these observed phenotypes strongly suggest that dKDM5/LID as part of the SIN3 complex can impact previously uncharacterized transcriptional networks. Transcriptome analysis revealed that SIN3 and dKDM5/LID regulate many common genes. While several genes implicated in cell cycle and wing developmental pathways were affected upon altering the level of these chromatin factors, a significant affect was also observed on genes required to mount an effective stress response. Further, under conditions of induced oxidative stress, reduction of SIN3 and/or dKDM5/LID altered the expression of a greater number of genes involved in cell cycle-related processes relative to normal conditions. This highlights an important role for SIN3 and dKDM5/LID proteins to maintain proper progression through the cell cycle in environments of cellular stress. Further, we find that target genes are bound by both SIN3 and dKDM5/LID, however, histone acetylation, not methylation, plays a predominant role in gene regulation by the SIN3 complex. Conclusions We have provided genetic evidence to demonstrate functional cooperation between the histone demethylase dKDM5/LID and SIN3. Biochemical and transcriptome data further support functional links between these proteins. Together, the data provide a solid framework for analyzing the gene regulatory pathways through which SIN3 and dKDM5/LID control diverse biological processes in the organism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13072-016-0053-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambikai Gajan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Valerie L Barnes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Mengying Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Nirmalya Saha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Lori A Pile
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
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Charão MF, Souto C, Brucker N, Barth A, Jornada DS, Fagundez D, Ávila DS, Eifler-Lima VL, Guterres SS, Pohlmann AR, Garcia SC. Caenorhabditis elegans as an alternative in vivo model to determine oral uptake, nanotoxicity, and efficacy of melatonin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules on paraquat damage. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:5093-106. [PMID: 26300641 PMCID: PMC4536844 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s84909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is an alternative in vivo model that is being successfully used to assess the pharmacological and toxic effects of drugs. The exponential growth of nanotechnology requires the use of alternative in vivo models to assess the toxic effects of theses nanomaterials. The use of polymeric nanocapsules has shown promising results for drug delivery. Moreover, these formulations have not been used in cases of intoxication, such as in treatment of paraquat (PQ) poisoning. Thus, the use of drugs with properties improved by nanotechnology is a promising approach to overcome the toxic effects of PQ. This research aimed to evaluate the absorption of rhodamine B-labeled melatonin (Mel)-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (LNC) by C. elegans, the application of this model in nanotoxicology, and the protection of Mel-LNC against PQ damage. The formulations were prepared by self-assembly and characterized by particle sizing, zeta potential, drug content, and encapsulation efficiency. The results demonstrated that the formulations had narrow size distributions. Rhodamine B-labeled Mel-LNC were orally absorbed and distributed in the worms. The toxicity assessment of LNC showed a lethal dose 50% near the highest dose tested, indicating low toxicity of the nanocapsules. Moreover, pretreatment with Mel-LNC significantly increased the survival rate, reduced the reactive oxygen species, and maintained the development in C. elegans exposed to PQ compared to those worms that were either untreated or pretreated with free Mel. These results demonstrated for the first time the uptake and distribution of Mel-LNC by a nematode, and indicate that while LNC is not toxic, Mel-LNC prevents the effects of PQ poisoning. Thus, C. elegans may be an interesting alternative model to test the nanocapsules toxicity and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele Feiffer Charão
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Souto
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Brucker
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anelise Barth
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Denise S Jornada
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Department of Production and Control of Drugs, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiandra Fagundez
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCE), Federal University of Pampa - UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCE), Federal University of Pampa - UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera L Eifler-Lima
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Laboratory of Medical Synthesis Organic (LaSOM), Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia S Guterres
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Department of Production and Control of Drugs, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana R Pohlmann
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Barnes VL, Bhat A, Unnikrishnan A, Heydari AR, Arking R, Pile LA. SIN3 is critical for stress resistance and modulates adult lifespan. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 6:645-60. [PMID: 25133314 PMCID: PMC4169859 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Coordinate control of gene activity is critical for fitness and longevity of an organism. The SIN3 histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex functions as a transcriptional repressor of many genes. SIN3-regulated genes include those that encode proteins affecting multiple aspects of mitochondrial function, such as energy production and stress responsiveness, important for health maintenance. Here we used Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism to examine the role of SIN3 in the regulation of fitness and longevity. Adult flies with RNA interference (RNAi) induced knockdown expression of Sin3A have reduced climbing ability; an activity that likely requires fully functional mitochondria. Additionally, compared to wild type, adult Sin3A knockdown flies were more sensitive to oxidative stress. Interestingly, media supplementation with the antioxidant glutathione largely restored fly tolerance to oxidative stress. Although Sin3A knockdown flies exhibited decreased longevity compared to wild type, no significant changes in expression of many well-categorized aging genes were observed. We found, however, that Sin3A knockdown corresponded to a significant reduction in expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the de novo synthesis of glutathione. Taken together, the data support a model whereby SIN3 regulates a gene expression program required for proper mitochondrial function and effective stress response during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L Barnes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Abhineeth Bhat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Archana Unnikrishnan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202,USA
| | - Ahmad R Heydari
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202,USA
| | - Robert Arking
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Lori A Pile
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
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Shi J, Hu CL, Gao YF, Liao XX, Xu H. The relationship between platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 and paraquat-induced lung injury in rabbits. World J Emerg Med 2014; 3:60-4. [PMID: 25296667 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), also known as CD31, is mainly distributed in vascular endothelial cells. Studies have shown that PECAM-1 is a very significant indicator of angiogenesis, and has been used as an indicator for vascular endothelial cells. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between the expression of PECAM-1 and the degree of acute lung injury (ALI) and fibrosis in paraquat (PQ) induced lung injury in rabbits. METHODS Thirty-six adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (12 rabbits in each group) according to PQ dosage: 8 mg/kg (group A), 16 mg/kg (group B), and 32 mg/kg (group C). After PQ infusion, the rabbits were monitored for 7 days and then euthanized. The lungs were removed for histological evaluation. Masson staining was used to determine the degree of lung fibrosis (LF), and semi-quantitative immune-histochemistry analysis to determine the expression of PECAM-1. Pearson's product-moment correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the expression of PECAM-1 and the extent of lung injuries expressed by ALI score and degree of LF. RESULTS Rabbits in the three groups showed apparent poisoning. The rabbits survived longer in group A than in groups B and C (6.47±0.99 days vs. 6.09±1.04 days vs. 4.77±2.04 days) (P<0.05). ALI score was lower in group A than in groups B and C (8.33±1.03 vs. 9.83±1.17 vs. 11.50±1.38) (P<0.05), and there was statistically significant difference between group B and group C (P=0.03). LF was slighter in group A than in groups B and C (31.09%±2.05 % vs. 34.37%±1.62 % vs. 36.54%±0.44%) (P<0.05), and there was statistically significant difference between group B and group C (P=0.026). The PEACAM-1 expression was higher in group A than in groups B and C (20.31%±0.70% vs. 19.34%±0.68% vs. 18.37%±0.46%) (P<0.05), and there was statistically significant difference between group B and group C (P=0.017). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the expression of PECAM-1 was negatively correlated to both ALI score (Coe=-0.732, P=0.001) and degree of LF (Coe=-0.779, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The PECAM-1 expression significantly decreases in New Zealand rabbits after PQ poisoning, and the decrease is dose-dependent. The PECAM-1 expression is negatively correlated with ALI score and LF, showing a significant role in the development of lung injuries induced by PQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Emergency Center for Chemical Poisoning, Guangzhou No. 12 People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Chun-Lin Hu
- Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yu-Feng Gao
- Emergency Center for Chemical Poisoning, Guangzhou No. 12 People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Xiao-Xing Liao
- Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Identification of differentially expressed genes in female Drosophila antonietae and Drosophila meridionalis in response to host cactus odor. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:191. [PMID: 25178654 PMCID: PMC4161902 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of insect-plant interactions have provided critical insights into the ecology and evolution of adaptive processes within and among species. Cactophilic Drosophila species have received much attention because larval development occurs in the necrotic tissues of cacti, and both larvae and adults feed on these tissues. Such Drosophila-cactus interactions include effects of the host plant on the physiology and behavior of the flies, especially so their nutritional status, mating condition and reproduction. The aim of this work was to compare the transcriptional responses of two species, Drosophila antonietae and Drosophila meridionalis, and identify genes potentially related to responses to odors released by their host cactus, Cereus hildmannianus. The two fly species are sympatric in most of their populations and use this same host cactus in nature. Results We obtained 47 unique sequences (USs) for D. antonietae in a suppression subtractive hybridization screen, 30 of these USs had matches with genes predicted for other Drosophila species. For D. meridionalis we obtained 81 USs, 46 of which were orthologous with genes from other Drosophila species. Functional information (Gene Ontology) revealed that these differentially expressed genes are related to metabolic processes, detoxification mechanisms, signaling, response to stimuli, and reproduction. The expression of 13 genes from D. meridionalis and 12 from D. antonietae were further analyzed by quantitative real time-PCR, showing that four genes were significantly overexpressed in D. antonietae and six in D. meridionalis. Conclusions Our results revealed the differential expression of genes related to responses to odor stimuli by a cactus, in two associated fly species. Although the majority of activated genes were similar between the two species, we also observed that certain metabolic pathways were specifically activated, especially those related to signaling pathways and detoxification mechanisms. The activation of these genes may reflect different metabolic pathways used by these flies in their interaction with this host cactus. Our findings provide insight into how the use of C. hildmannianus may have arisen independently in the two fly species, through genetic differentiation in metabolic pathways to effectively explore this cactus as a host. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0191-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Cassar M, Issa AR, Riemensperger T, Petitgas C, Rival T, Coulom H, Iché-Torres M, Han KA, Birman S. A dopamine receptor contributes to paraquat-induced neurotoxicity in Drosophila. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:197-212. [PMID: 25158689 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to environmental oxidative stressors, like the herbicide paraquat (PQ), has been linked to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), the most frequent neurodegenerative movement disorder. Paraquat is thus frequently used in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and other animal models to study PD and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DNs) that characterizes this disease. Here, we show that a D1-like dopamine (DA) receptor, DAMB, actively contributes to the fast central nervous system (CNS) failure induced by PQ in the fly. First, we found that a long-term increase in neuronal DA synthesis reduced DAMB expression and protected against PQ neurotoxicity. Secondly, a striking age-related decrease in PQ resistance in young adult flies correlated with an augmentation of DAMB expression. This aging-associated increase in oxidative stress vulnerability was not observed in a DAMB-deficient mutant. Thirdly, targeted inactivation of this receptor in glutamatergic neurons (GNs) markedly enhanced the survival of Drosophila exposed to either PQ or neurotoxic levels of DA, whereas, conversely, DAMB overexpression in these cells made the flies more vulnerable to both compounds. Fourthly, a mutation in the Drosophila ryanodine receptor (RyR), which inhibits activity-induced increase in cytosolic Ca(2+), also strongly enhanced PQ resistance. Finally, we found that DAMB overexpression in specific neuronal populations arrested development of the fly and that in vivo stimulation of either DNs or GNs increased PQ susceptibility. This suggests a model for DA receptor-mediated potentiation of PQ-induced neurotoxicity. Further studies of DAMB signaling in Drosophila could have implications for better understanding DA-related neurodegenerative disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Cassar
- Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathologies, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, PSL Research University, ESPCI ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Abdul-Raouf Issa
- Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathologies, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, PSL Research University, ESPCI ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Riemensperger
- Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathologies, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, PSL Research University, ESPCI ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Céline Petitgas
- Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathologies, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, PSL Research University, ESPCI ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Rival
- Genetics and Physiopathology of Neurotransmission, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille-Luminy, CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France and
| | - Hélène Coulom
- Genetics and Physiopathology of Neurotransmission, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille-Luminy, CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France and
| | - Magali Iché-Torres
- Genetics and Physiopathology of Neurotransmission, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille-Luminy, CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France and
| | - Kyung-An Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Serge Birman
- Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathologies, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, PSL Research University, ESPCI ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France Genetics and Physiopathology of Neurotransmission, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille-Luminy, CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France and
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Jumbo-Lucioni PP, Ryan EL, Hopson ML, Bishop HM, Weitner T, Tovmasyan A, Spasojevic I, Batinic-Haberle I, Liang Y, Jones DP, Fridovich-Keil JL. Manganese-based superoxide dismutase mimics modify both acute and long-term outcome severity in a Drosophila melanogaster model of classic galactosemia. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2361-71. [PMID: 23758052 PMCID: PMC4005492 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The goal of this study was to use two manganese (Mn)-based superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics to test the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species contribute to both acute and long-term outcomes in a galactose-1P uridylyltransferase (GALT)-null Drosophila melanogaster model of classic galactosemia. RESULTS We tested the impact of each of two Mn porphyrin SOD mimics, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+), and MnTE-2-PyP(5+), (i) on survival of GALT-null Drosophila larvae reared in the presence versus absence of dietary galactose and (ii) on the severity of a long-term movement defect in GALT-null adult flies. Both SOD mimics conferred a significant survival benefit to GALT-null larvae exposed to galactose but not to controls or to GALT-null larvae reared in the absence of galactose. One mimic, MnTE-2-PyP(5+), also largely rescued a galactose-independent long-term movement defect otherwise seen in adult GALT-null flies. The survival benefit of both SOD mimics occurred despite continued accumulation of elevated galactose-1P in the treated animals, and studies of thiolated proteins demonstrated that in both the presence and absence of dietary galactose MnTE-2-PyP(5+) largely prevented the elevated protein oxidative damage otherwise seen in GALT-null animals relative to controls. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm oxidative stress as a mediator of acute galactose sensitivity in GALT-null Drosophila larvae and demonstrate for the first time that oxidative stress may also contribute to galactose-independent adult outcomes in GALT deficiency. Finally, our results demonstrate for the first time that both MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+) and MnTE-2-PyP(5+) are bioavailable and effective when administered through an oral route in a D. melanogaster model of classic galactosemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily L. Ryan
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marquise L. Hopson
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Heather M. Bishop
- Summer Undergraduate Research Program at Emory (SURE), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tin Weitner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yongliang Liang
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Biology of ageing and role of dietary antioxidants. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:831841. [PMID: 24804252 PMCID: PMC3996317 DOI: 10.1155/2014/831841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Interest in relationship between diet and ageing is growing. Research has shown that dietary calorie restriction and some antioxidants extend lifespan in various ageing models. On the one hand, oxygen is essential to aerobic organisms because it is a final electron acceptor in mitochondria. On the other hand, oxygen is harmful because it can continuously generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are believed to be the factors causing ageing of an organism. To remove these ROS in cells, aerobic organisms possess an antioxidant defense system which consists of a series of enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). In addition, dietary antioxidants including ascorbic acid, vitamin A, vitamin C, α-tocopherol, and plant flavonoids are also able to scavenge ROS in cells and therefore theoretically can extend the lifespan of organisms. In this connection, various antioxidants including tea catechins, theaflavins, apple polyphenols, black rice anthocyanins, and blueberry polyphenols have been shown to be capable of extending the lifespan of fruit flies. The purpose of this review is to brief the literature on modern biological theories of ageing and role of dietary antioxidants in ageing as well as underlying mechanisms by which antioxidants can prolong the lifespan with focus on fruit flies as an model.
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology, although a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors has been implicated as a pathogenic mechanism of selected neuronal loss. A better understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, and molecular mechanisms underlying the disease process may be gained from research on animal models. While cell and tissue models are helpful in unraveling involved molecular pathways, animal models are much better suited to study the pathogenesis and potential treatment strategies. The animal models most relevant to PD include those generated by neurotoxic chemicals that selectively disrupt the catecholaminergic system such as 6-hydroxydopamine; 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropiridine; agricultural pesticide toxins, such as rotenone and paraquat; the ubiquitin proteasome system inhibitors; inflammatory modulators; and several genetically manipulated models, such as α-synuclein, DJ-1, PINK1, Parkin, and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 transgenic or knock-out animals. Genetic and nongenetic animal models have their own unique advantages and limitations, which must be considered when they are employed in the study of pathogenesis or treatment approaches. This review provides a summary and a critical review of our current knowledge about various in vivo models of PD used to test novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Le
- />1st Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011 China
| | - Pavani Sayana
- />Department of Medicine, Gandhi Medical College, Padmarao Nagar, Secunderabad, AP 500020 India
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- />Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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Ortega-Arellano HF, Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Velez-Pardo C. Dmp53, basket and drICE gene knockdown and polyphenol gallic acid increase life span and locomotor activity in a Drosophila Parkinson's disease model. Genet Mol Biol 2013; 36:608-15. [PMID: 24385865 PMCID: PMC3873193 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572013000400020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism(s) by which dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons are eroded in Parkinson's disease (PD) is critical for effective therapeutic strategies. By using the binary tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-Gal4/UAS-X RNAi Drosophila melanogaster system, we report that Dmp53, basket and drICE gene knockdown in dopaminergic neurons prolong life span (p < 0.05; log-rank test) and locomotor activity (p < 0.05; χ(2) test) in D. melanogaster lines chronically exposed to (1 mM) paraquat (PQ, oxidative stress (OS) generator) compared to untreated transgenic fly lines. Likewise, knockdown flies displayed higher climbing performance than control flies. Amazingly, gallic acid (GA) significantly protected DAergic neurons, ameliorated life span, and climbing abilities in knockdown fly lines treated with PQ compared to flies treated with PQ only. Therefore, silencing specific gene(s) involved in neuronal death might constitute an excellent tool to study the response of DAergic neurons to OS stimuli. We propose that a therapy with antioxidants and selectively "switching off" death genes in DAergic neurons could provide a means for pre-clinical PD individuals to significantly ameliorate their disease condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Flavio Ortega-Arellano
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Carlos Velez-Pardo
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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Hosamani R. Acute exposure of Drosophila melanogaster to paraquat causes oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 83:25-40. [PMID: 23564607 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ; 1, 1'-dimethyl-4-4'-bipyridinium), an herbicide and model neurotoxicant, is identified to be one of the prime risk factors in Parkinson's disease (PD). In the Drosophila system, PQ is commonly used to measure acquired resistance against oxidative stress (PQ resistance test). Despite this, under acute PQ exposure, data on the oxidative stress response and associated impact on mitochondria among flies is limited. Accordingly, in this study, we measured markers of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions among adult male flies (8-10 days old) exposed to varying concentrations of PQ (10, 20, and 40 mM in 5% sucrose solution) employing a conventional filter disc method for 24 h. PQ exposure resulted in significant elevation in the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde: 43% increase: hydroperoxide: 32-39% increase), with concomitant enhancement in reduced glutathione and total thiol levels in cytosol. Higher activity of antioxidant enzymes were also evident along with increased free iron levels. Furthermore, PQ exposure caused a concentration-dependent increase in mitochondrial superoxide generation and activity of manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). The activity levels of complex I-III, complex II-III, and Mg+2 adinosine triphosphatase (ATPase) were also decreased significantly. A robust diminution in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase and moderate decline in the citrate synthase activity suggested a specific effect on citric acid cycle enzymes. Collectively, these data suggest that acute PQ exposure causes significant oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction among flies in vivo. It is suggested that in various experimental settings, while conducting the "PQ resistance stress test" incorporation of selected biochemical end points is likely to enhance the quality of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Hosamani
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore, India.
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Lazarević J, Đorđević M, Stojković B, Tucić N. Resistance to prooxidant agent paraquat in the short- and long-lived lines of the seed beetle (Acanthoscelides obtectus). Biogerontology 2013; 14:141-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Bonilla-Ramirez L, Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Velez-Pardo C. Low doses of paraquat and polyphenols prolong life span and locomotor activity in knock-down parkin Drosophila melanogaster exposed to oxidative stress stimuli: Implication in autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinsonism. Gene 2013; 512:355-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.09.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Brennan LJ, Haukedal JA, Earle JC, Keddie B, Harris HL. Disruption of redox homeostasis leads to oxidative DNA damage in spermatocytes of Wolbachia-infected Drosophila simulans. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 21:510-520. [PMID: 22831171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2012.01155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular interactions between symbiotic bacteria and their animal hosts are, as yet, poorly understood. The most widespread bacterial endosymbiont, Wolbachia pipientis, occurs in high density in testes of infected Drosophila simulans and causes cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), a form of male-derived zygotic lethality. Wolbachia grow and divide within host vacuoles that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn stimulate the up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes. These enzymes appear to protect the host from ROS-mediated damage, as there is no obvious fitness cost to Drosophila carrying Wolbachia infections. We have now determined that DNA from Wolbachia-infected mosquito Aedes albopictus (Aa23) cells shows a higher amount of the base 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative DNA damage, than DNA from uninfected cells, and that Wolbachia infection in D. simulans is associated with an increase in DNA strand breaks in meiotic spermatocytes. Feeding exogenous antioxidants to male and female D. simulans dramatically increased Wolbachia numbers with no obvious effects on host fitness. These results suggest that ROS-induced DNA damage in sperm nuclei may contribute to the modification characteristic of CI expression in Wolbachia-infected males and that Wolbachia density is sensitive to redox balance in these flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Brennan
- Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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The Protective Effect of Minocycline in a Paraquat-Induced Parkinson's Disease Model in Drosophila is Modified in Altered Genetic Backgrounds. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2012; 2012:938528. [PMID: 22900232 PMCID: PMC3413958 DOI: 10.1155/2012/938528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies link the herbicide paraquat to increased incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD). We previously reported that Drosophila exposed to paraquat recapitulate PD symptoms, including region-specific degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Minocycline, a tetracycline derivative, exerts ameliorative effects in neurodegenerative disease models, including Drosophila. We investigated whether our environmental toxin-based PD model could contribute to an understanding of cellular and genetic mechanisms of minocycline action and whether we could assess potential interference with these drug effects in altered genetic backgrounds. Cofeeding of minocycline with paraquat prolonged survival, rescued mobility defects, blocked generation of reactive oxygen species, and extended dopaminergic neuron survival, as has been reported previously for a genetic model of PD in Drosophila. We then extended this study to identify potential interactions of minocycline with genes regulating dopamine homeostasis that might modify protection against paraquat and found that deficits in GTP cyclohydrolase adversely affect minocycline rescue. We further performed genetic studies to identify signaling pathways that are necessary for minocycline protection against paraquat toxicity and found that mutations in the Drosophila genes that encode c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Akt/Protein kinase B block minocycline rescue.
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Vrailas-Mortimer A, Gomez R, Dowse H, Sanyal S. A survey of the protective effects of some commercially available antioxidant supplements in genetically and chemically induced models of oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster. Exp Gerontol 2012; 47:712-22. [PMID: 22790021 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress remains one of the most well studied, albeit somewhat contentious, causes of age-related changes in humans. Consequently, a large number of putative antioxidant compounds are freely available in myriad formulations that are often not tested for their efficacy or regulated for quality control. Following the development of a Drosophila model of oxidative-stress dependent aging (p38 MAP K (p38K) mutants) in our laboratory, we attempted to test the protective effect of some of these commonly available formulations against oxidative stress, in the p38K model. As environmental exposure to oxidizing toxins has been linked to a variety of human diseases, we also tested the efficacy of these supplements on chemically-induced models of oxidative stress (paraquat and hydrogen peroxide exposure). Our results suggest that when added as a dietary supplement, some of these over-the-counter compounds, notably containing açai extracts, confer significant protection for both the p38K-dependent genetic model as well as the toxin-induced model. These products were also remarkably effective at dampening stress-induced expression of the detoxifying enzyme GSTD1 and eliminating paraquat induced circadian rhythm deficits. Overall, our results suggest potential benefits of dietary supplementation with some of these compounds, especially under conditions of elevated oxidative stress. These findings should be assessed in the context of other studies that seek to identify active principles in these extracts, determine their effective dosage for human consumption and evaluate the safety of long-term prophylactic applications.
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Jumbo-Lucioni PP, Hopson ML, Hang D, Liang Y, Jones DP, Fridovich-Keil JL. Oxidative stress contributes to outcome severity in a Drosophila melanogaster model of classic galactosemia. Dis Model Mech 2012; 6:84-94. [PMID: 22773758 PMCID: PMC3529341 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic galactosemia is a genetic disorder that results from profound loss of galactose-1P-uridylyltransferase (GALT). Affected infants experience a rapid escalation of potentially lethal acute symptoms following exposure to milk. Dietary restriction of galactose prevents or resolves the acute sequelae; however, many patients experience profound long-term complications. Despite decades of research, the mechanisms that underlie pathophysiology in classic galactosemia remain unclear. Recently, we developed a Drosophila melanogaster model of classic galactosemia and demonstrated that, like patients, GALT-null Drosophila succumb in development if exposed to galactose but live if maintained on a galactose-restricted diet. Prior models of experimental galactosemia have implicated a possible association between galactose exposure and oxidative stress. Here we describe application of our fly genetic model of galactosemia to the question of whether oxidative stress contributes to the acute galactose sensitivity of GALT-null animals. Our first approach tested the impact of pro- and antioxidant food supplements on the survival of GALT-null and control larvae. We observed a clear pattern: the oxidants paraquat and DMSO each had a negative impact on the survival of mutant but not control animals exposed to galactose, and the antioxidants vitamin C and α-mangostin each had the opposite effect. Biochemical markers also confirmed that galactose and paraquat synergistically increased oxidative stress on all cohorts tested but, interestingly, the mutant animals showed a decreased response relative to controls. Finally, we tested the expression levels of two transcripts responsive to oxidative stress, GSTD6 and GSTE7, in mutant and control larvae exposed to galactose and found that both genes were induced, one by more than 40-fold. Combined, these results implicate oxidative stress and response as contributing factors in the acute galactose sensitivity of GALT-null Drosophila and, by extension, suggest that reactive oxygen species might also contribute to the acute pathophysiology in classic galactosemia.
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Bonilla E, Contreras R, Medina-Leendertz S, Mora M, Villalobos V, Bravo Y. Minocycline increases the life span and motor activity and decreases lipid peroxidation in manganese treated Drosophila melanogaster. Toxicology 2012; 294:50-3. [PMID: 22330257 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Minocycline in the life span, motor activity, and lipid peroxidation of Drosophila melanogaster treated with manganese. Two days after emerging from the pupa male wild-type D. melanogaster were fed for 13 days with corn media containing 15 mM manganese. Then, they were divided in six groups of 300 flies each: group (a) remained treated with manganese (Mn group); group (b) began treatment with Minocycline (0.05 mM) (Mn-Minocycline group); group (c) received no additional treatment (Mn-no treatment group); group (d) simultaneously fed with manganese and Minocycline (Mn+Minocycline group). Additionally, a control (group e) with no treatment and another group (f) fed only with Minocycline after emerging from the pupa were added. All the manganese treated flies (group a) were dead on the 25th day. The life span in group f (101.66±1.33 days, mean S.E.M.) and of group b (97.00±3.46 days) were similar, but in both cases it was significantly higher than in group e (68.33±1.76 days), group c (67.05±2.30 days) and in those of group d (37.33±0.88). Manganese (groups a and d) decreased motor activity in D. melanogaster. In the Minocycline fed flies (groups b and f) a higher motor activity was detected. In Mn-Minocycline and Mn+Minocycline treated flies a significant decrease of MDA levels was detected when compared to the Minocycline group indicating that Minocycline and Mn appear to have a synergistic effect. In conclusion, Minocycline increased the life span and motor activity and decreased MDA formation of manganese treated D. melanogaster, probably by an inhibition of the production of reactive oxygen species. Manganese also exerted an antioxidant effect as shown by the significant decrease of MDA levels when compared to control flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bonilla
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Neurobiología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
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47
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Huang CL, Lee YC, Yang YC, Kuo TY, Huang NK. Minocycline prevents paraquat-induced cell death through attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Toxicol Lett 2012; 209:203-10. [PMID: 22245251 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) was demonstrated to induce dopaminergic neuron death and is used as a Parkinson's disease (PD) mimetic; however, its mechanism remains contradictory. Alternatively, minocycline is a second-generation tetracycline and is undergoing clinical trials for treating PD with an unresolved mechanism. We thus investigated the molecular mechanism of minocycline in preventing PQ-induced cytotoxicity. In this study, minocycline was effective in preventing PQ-induced apoptotic cell death, which involves the cleavages of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase 3 and increased fluorescence intensity of annexin V-FITC. In addition, PQ also quickly induced alterations of unfolded protein responses (UPRs) and subsequently dysfunction of the mitochondria (such as the decrease in membrane potential and increase in membrane permeability and superoxide formation). Finally, the mechanism of minocycline in preventing PQ-induced apoptosis might be mediated by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which respectively results in caspase-12 activation and the release of H2O2, HtrA2/Omi, and Smac/Diablo. Thus, minocycline could possibly be used to treat other neurodegenerative disorders with similar pathologic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen-Lin Huang
- Medical Research Center, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Hsintien, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
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48
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Singhal NK, Srivastava G, Agrawal S, Jain SK, Singh MP. Melatonin as a neuroprotective agent in the rodent models of Parkinson's disease: is it all set to irrefutable clinical translation? Mol Neurobiol 2011; 45:186-99. [PMID: 22198804 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-011-8225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the selective degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, continuing or permanent deficiency of dopamine, accretion of an abnormal form of alpha synuclein in the adjacent neurons, and dysregulation of ubiquitin proteasomal system, mitochondrial metabolism, permeability and integrity, and cellular apoptosis resulting in rigidity, bradykinesia, resting tremor, and postural instability. Melatonin, an indoleamine produced almost in all the organisms, has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-oxidant nature. Experimental studies employing 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), methamphetamine, rotenone, and maneb and paraquat models have shown an enormous potential of melatonin in amelioration of the symptomatic features of PD. Although a few reviews published previously have described the multifaceted efficacy of melatonin against MPTP and 6-OHDA rodent models, due to development and validation of the newer models as well as the extensive studies on the usage of melatonin in entrenched PD models, it is worthwhile to bring up to date note on the usage of melatonin as a neuroprotective agent in PD. This article presents an update on the usage and applications of melatonin in PD models along with incongruous observations. The impending implications in the clinics, success, limitations, and future prospective have also been discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Singhal
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Post Box 80, Lucknow 226 001 UP, India
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49
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Ossola B, Lantto TA, Puttonen KA, Tuominen RK, Raasmaja A, Männistö PT. Minocycline protects SH-SY5Y cells from 6-hydroxydopamine by inhibiting both caspase-dependent and -independent programmed cell death. J Neurosci Res 2011; 90:682-90. [PMID: 22108958 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Minocycline, a tetracyclic antibiotic, exerts both antiinflammation by acting on microglia and a direct protection on neurons by inhibiting the apoptotic machinery at various levels. However, we are not aware of any study investigating the effects of minocycline on caspase-independent programmed cell death (PCD) pathways. This study investigated these alternative pathways in SH-SY5Y cells, a human dopaminergic cell line, challenged with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Minocycline exhibited neuroprotection and inhibition of the toxin-induced caspase-3-like activity, DNA fragmentation, and chromatin condensation, hallmarks of apoptosis. Moreover, we revealed that 6-OHDA also activated caspase-independent PCDs (such as paraptosis), which required de novo protein synthesis. Additionally, by separately monitoring caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways, we showed that inhibition of apoptosis only partially explained the protective effect of minocycline. Moreover, we observed that minocycline reduced the protein content of cells but, unexpectedly, increased the protein synthesis. These findings suggest that minocycline may actually increase protein degradation, so it may also accelerate the clearance of aberrant proteins. In conclusion, we report for the first time evidence indicating that minocycline may inhibit PCD pathways that are additional to conventional apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardino Ossola
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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50
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Azad P, Ryu J, Haddad GG. Distinct role of Hsp70 in Drosophila hemocytes during severe hypoxia. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:530-8. [PMID: 21616137 PMCID: PMC3138732 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe hypoxia can lead to injury and mortality in vertebrate or invertebrate organisms. Our research is focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms that lead to injury or adaptation to hypoxic stress using Drosophila as a model system. In this study, we employed the UAS-Gal4 system to dissect the protective role of Hsp70 in specific tissues in vivo under severe hypoxia. In contrast to overexpression in tissues such as muscles, heart, and brain, we found that overexpression of Hsp70 in hemocytes of flies provides a remarkable survival benefit to flies exposed to severe hypoxia for days. Furthermore, these flies were tolerant not only to severe hypoxia but also to other stresses such as oxidant stress (e.g., paraquat feeding or hyperoxia). Interestingly we observed that the better survival with Hsp70 overexpression in hemocytes under hypoxia or oxidant stress is causally linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction in whole flies. We also show that hemocytes are a major source of ROS generation, leading to injury during hypoxia, and their elimination results in a better survival under hypoxia. Hence, our study identified a protective role for Hsp70 in Drosophila hemocytes, which is linked to ROS reduction in the whole flies and thus helps in their remarkable survival during oxidant or hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Azad
- Department of Pediatrics (Section of Respiratory Medicine), University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Julie Ryu
- Department of Pediatrics (Section of Respiratory Medicine), University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- The Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Gabriel G. Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics (Section of Respiratory Medicine), University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- The Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Gabriel G. Haddad, MD, Departments of Pediatrics (Section of Respiratory Medicine), 9500 Gilman Dr MC0735, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA, Phone: +1-858-822-4740, Fax- 1- 858-534-6972,
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