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Szigetvari PD, Patil S, Birkeland E, Kleppe R, Haavik J. The effects of phenylalanine and tyrosine levels on dopamine production in rat PC12 cells. Implications for treatment of phenylketonuria, tyrosinemia type 1 and comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurochem Int 2023; 171:105629. [PMID: 37865339 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene, resulting in phenylalanine accumulation and impaired tyrosine production. In Tyrosinemia type 1 (TYRSN1) mutations affect fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase, leading to accumulation of toxic intermediates of tyrosine catabolism. Treatment of TYRSN1 with nitisinone results in extreme tissue levels of tyrosine. Although PKU and TYRSN1 have opposite effects on tyrosine levels, both conditions have been associated with neuro-psychiatric symptoms typically present in ADHD, possibly indicating an impaired dopamine (DA) synthesis. However, concrete in vivo data on the possible molecular basis for disrupted DA production under disease mimicking conditions have been lacking. In pursuit to uncover associated molecular mechanisms, we exposed an established, DA producing cell line (PC12) to different concentrations of phenylalanine and tyrosine in culture media. We measured the effects on viability, proteomic composition, tyrosine, DA and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels and TH phosphorylation. TH catalyzes the rate-limiting step in DA synthesis. High extracellular levels of phenylalanine depleted cells of intracellular tyrosine and DA. Compared to physiological levels (75 μM), either low (35 μM) or high concentrations of tyrosine (275 or 835 μM) decreased cellular DA, TH protein, and its phosphorylation levels. Using deep proteomic analysis, we identified multiple proteins, biological processes and pathways that were altered, including enzymes and transporters involved in amino acid metabolism. Using this information and published data, we developed a mathematical model to predict how extracellular levels of aromatic amino acids can affect the cellular synthesis of DA via different mechanisms. Together, these data provide new information about the normal regulation of neurotransmitter synthesis and how this may be altered in neurometabolic disorders, such as PKU and TYRSN1, with implications for the treatment of cognitive symptoms resulting from comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudarshan Patil
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Even Birkeland
- Department of Genetic Research & Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway; The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune Kleppe
- Norwegian Centre for Maritime- and Diving Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway; Bergen Center of Brain Plasticity, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway.
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van Ginkel WG, Winn SR, Dudley S, Krenik D, Perez R, Rimann N, Thöny B, Raber J, Harding CO. Biochemical and behavioural profile of NTBC treated Tyrosinemie type 1 mice. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 137:9-17. [PMID: 35868243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by a defect in the tyrosine catabolic pathway. Since HT1 patients are treated with NTBC, outcome improved and life expectancy greatly increased. However extensive neurocognitive and behavioural problems have been described, which might be related to treatment with NTBC, the biochemical changes induced by NTBC, or metabolites accumulating due to the enzymatic defect characterizing the disease. OBJECTIVE To study the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of brain dysfunction in HT1, we assessed blood and brain LNAA, and brain monoamine neurotransmitter metabolite levels in relation to behavioural and cognitive performance of HT1 mice. DESIGN C57BL/6 littermates were divided in three different experimental groups: HT1, heterozygous and wild-type mice (n = 10; 5 male). All groups were treated with NTBC and underwent cognitive and behavioural testing. One week after behavioural testing, blood and brain material were collected to measure amino acid profiles and brain monoaminergic neurotransmitter levels. RESULTS Irrespective of the genetic background, NTBC treatment resulted in a clear increase in brain tyrosine levels, whereas all other brain LNAA levels tended to be lower than their reference values. Despite these changes in blood and brain biochemistry, no significant differences in brain monoamine neurotransmitter (metabolites) were found and all mice showed normal behaviour and learning and memory. CONCLUSION Despite the biochemical changes, NTBC and genotype of the mice were not associated with poorer behavioural and cognitive function of the mice. Further research involving dietary treatment of FAH-/- are warranted to investigate whether this reveals the cognitive impairments that have been seen in treated HT1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem G van Ginkel
- University of Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shelley R Winn
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sandra Dudley
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Destine Krenik
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ruby Perez
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nicole Rimann
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Thöny
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Cary O Harding
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Evaluation of dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis in hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 patients. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:474-479. [PMID: 34628487 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite successful treatment with nitisinone, the pathophysiology of long-term complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma and mental decline in tyrosinemia type 1 patients, is still obscure. Oxidative stress may play a role in these complications. While increased fumarylacetoacetate and maleylacetoacetate cause oxidative stress in the liver, increased tyrosine causes oxidative stress in the brain. The aim of this study is to evaluate dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis as an indicator of oxidative stress in late-diagnosed tyrosinemia type 1 patients. METHODS Twenty-four late-diagnosed (age of diagnosis; 14.43 ± 26.35 months) tyrosinemia type 1 patients (19 under nitisinone treatment and 5 with liver transplantation) and 25 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Serum native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels were measured, and disulfide/native, disulfide/total, and native thiol/total thiol ratios were calculated from these values. RESULTS No significant difference was observed in native, total, and disulfide thiol levels between the groups and no increase in disulfide/native, disulfide/total, and native/total thiol ratios was detected, despite significantly higher plasma tyrosine levels in the nitisinone-treated group. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that providing sufficient metabolic control with good compliance to nitisinone treatment can help to prevent oxidative stress in late-diagnosed tyrosinemia type 1 patients. IMPACT Despite successful nitisinone (NTBC) treatment, the underlying mechanisms of long-term complications in hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1), including hepatocellular carcinoma and mental decline, are still obscure. Oxidative stress may play a role in these complications. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis, which is an indicator of oxidative stress, is not disturbed in hereditary tyrosinemia patients under NTBC treatment, despite higher plasma tyrosine levels and patients who had liver transplantation. This is the first study evaluating dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis as an indicator of oxidative stress in late-diagnosed HT1 patients.
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Cis- and trans-resveratrol have opposite effects on histone serine-ADP-ribosylation and tyrosine induced neurodegeneration. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3244. [PMID: 35688816 PMCID: PMC9187644 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum tyrosine levels increase during aging, neurocognitive, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders. However, calorie restriction (CR) and sleep lower serum tyrosine levels. We previously showed that tyrosine inhibits tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS)-mediated activation of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). Here, we show that histone serine-ADP-ribosylation is decreased in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) brains, and increased tyrosine levels deplete TyrRS and cause neuronal DNA damage. However, dopamine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increase TyrRS and histone serine-ADP-ribosylation. Furthermore, cis-resveratrol (cis-RSV) that binds to TyrRS mimicking a 'tyrosine-free' conformation increases TyrRS, facilitates histone serine-ADP-ribosylation-dependent DNA repair, and provides neuroprotection in a TyrRS-dependent manner. Conversely, trans-RSV that binds to TyrRS mimicking a 'tyrosine-like' conformation decreases TyrRS, inhibits serine-ADP-ribosylation-dependent DNA repair, and induces neurodegeneration in rat cortical neurons. Our findings suggest that age-associated increase in serum tyrosine levels may effect neurocognitive and metabolic disorders and offer a plausible explanation for divergent results obtained in clinical trials using resveratrol.
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Tyminski M, Ciacka K, Staszek P, Gniazdowska A, Krasuska U. Toxicity of meta-Tyrosine. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122800. [PMID: 34961269 PMCID: PMC8707607 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
L-Tyrosine (Tyr) is one of the twenty proteinogenic amino acids and also acts as a precursor for secondary metabolites. Tyr is prone to modifications, especially under conditions of cellular redox imbalance. The oxidation of Tyr precursor phenylalanine leads to the formation of Tyr non-proteinogenic isomers, including meta-Tyr (m-Tyr), a marker of oxidative stress. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on m-Tyr toxicity. The direct m-Tyr mode of action is linked to its incorporation into proteins, resulting in their improper conformation. Furthermore, m-Tyr produced by some plants as an allelochemical impacts the growth and development of neighboring organisms. In plants, the direct harmful effect of m-Tyr is due to its modification of the proteins structure, whereas its indirect action is linked to the disruption of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species metabolism. In humans, the elevated concentration of m-Tyr is characteristic of various diseases and ageing. Indeed, m-Tyr is believed to play an important role in cancer physiology. Thus, since, in animal cells, m-Tyr is formed directly in response to oxidative stress, whereas, in plants, m-Tyr is also synthesized enzymatically and serves as a chemical weapon in plant-plant competition, the general concept of m-Tyr role in living organisms should be specified.
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de Oliveira J, Farias HR, Streck EL. Experimental evidence of tyrosine neurotoxicity: focus on mitochondrial dysfunction. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1673-1685. [PMID: 34212298 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue exposure to high levels of tyrosine, which is characteristic of an inborn error of metabolism named Tyrosinemia, is related to severe symptoms, including neurological alterations. The clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of tyrosine neurotoxicity can be recapitulated in experimental models in vivo and in vitro. A widely used experimental model to study brain tyrosine damage is the chronic and acute administration of this amino acid in infant rats. Other research groups and we have extensively studied the pathogenic events in the brain structures of rats exposed to high tyrosine levels. Rats administered acutely and chronically with tyrosine presented decreased and inhibition of the essential metabolism enzymes, e.g., Krebs cycle enzymes and mitochondrial respiratory complexes in the brain structures. These alterations induced by tyrosine toxicity were associated with brain oxidative stress, astrocytes, and, ultimately, cognitive impairments. Notably, in vivo data were corroborated by in vitro studies using cerebral regions homogenates incubated with tyrosine excess. Considering metabolism's importance to brain functioning, we hypothesized that mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunctions are closely related to neurological alterations induced by tyrosine neurotoxicity. Herein, we reviewed the main mechanisms associated with tyrosine neurotoxicity in experimental models, emphasizing the role of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-000, Brazil
| | - Hémelin Resende Farias
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-000, Brazil
| | - Emilio Luiz Streck
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, 88806-000, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil.
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Jhanji M, Rao CN, Sajish M. Towards resolving the enigma of the dichotomy of resveratrol: cis- and trans-resveratrol have opposite effects on TyrRS-regulated PARP1 activation. GeroScience 2021; 43:1171-1200. [PMID: 33244652 PMCID: PMC7690980 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike widely perceived, resveratrol (RSV) decreased the average lifespan and extended only the replicative lifespan in yeast. Similarly, although not widely discussed, RSV is also known to evoke neurite degeneration, kidney toxicity, atherosclerosis, premature senescence, and genotoxicity through yet unknown mechanisms. Nevertheless, in vivo animal models of diseases and human clinical trials demonstrate inconsistent protective and beneficial effects. Therefore, the mechanism of action of RSV that elicits beneficial effects remains an enigma. In a previously published work, we demonstrated structural similarities between RSV and tyrosine amino acid. RSV acts as a tyrosine antagonist and competes with it to bind to human tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS). Interestingly, although both isomers of RSV bind to TyrRS, only the cis-isomer evokes a unique structural change at the active site to promote its interaction with poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1), a major determinant of cellular NAD+-dependent stress response. However, retention of trans-RSV in the active site of TyrRS mimics its tyrosine-bound conformation that inhibits the auto-poly-ADP-ribos(PAR)ylation of PARP1. Therefore, we proposed that cis-RSV-induced TyrRS-regulated auto-PARylation of PARP1 would contribute, at least in part, to the reported health benefits of RSV through the induction of protective stress response. This observation suggested that trans-RSV would inhibit TyrRS/PARP1-mediated protective stress response and would instead elicit an opposite effect compared to cis-RSV. Interestingly, most recent studies also confirmed the conversion of trans-RSV and its metabolites to cis-RSV in the physiological context. Therefore, the finding that cis-RSV and trans-RSV induce two distinct conformations of TyrRS with opposite effects on the auto-PARylation of PARP1 provides a potential molecular basis for the observed dichotomic effects of RSV under different experimental paradigms. However, the fact that natural RSV exists as a diastereomeric mixture of its cis and trans isomers and cis-RSV is also a physiologically relevant isoform has not yet gained much scientific attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Jhanji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Chintada Nageswara Rao
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Mathew Sajish
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Barroso F, Correia J, Bandeira A, Carmona C, Vilarinho L, Almeida M, Rocha JC, Martins E. TYROSINEMIA TYPE III: A CASE REPORT OF SIBLINGS AND LITERATURE REVIEW. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 38:e2018158. [PMID: 32520295 PMCID: PMC7274528 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2018158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Tyrosinemia type III (HT III) is the rarest form of tyrosinemia, and the
full clinical spectrum of this disorder is still unknown. The neurological
involvement varies, including intellectual impairment and attention deficit
disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD). We report the case of two siblings
diagnosed with HT III at different ages. Case description: The index case was diagnosed by newborn screening for endocrine and
metabolic disorders, starting a low-protein diet immediately, with a
consistent decrease in tyrosine levels. By the age of three, the child
displayed a hyperactive behavior, starting treatment for ADHD two years
later. At seven years of age, he shows a slight improvement in terms of
behavior and attention span and has a cognitive performance slightly lower
than his peers, despite maintaining acceptable tyrosine levels. His sister,
who had a history of ADHD since age five, was diagnosed with HT III after
family screening at the age of eight. Despite initiating a dietetic
treatment, her behavior did not improve, and she has a mild intellectual
impairment. Comments: This is the first case report describing siblings with HT III who underwent
nutritional treatment with a low-protein diet in different phases of life,
with a better neurological and behavioral evaluation in the patient who
started treatment earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Barroso
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Correia
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Carla Carmona
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Antonini R, Scaini G, Michels M, Matias MBD, Schuck PF, Ferreira GC, de Oliveira J, Dal-Pizzol F, Streck EL. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on inflammatory parameters after chronic administration of L-tyrosine. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:295-303. [PMID: 31828693 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinemia type II is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism caused by hepatic cytosolic tyrosine aminotransferase deficiency. Importantly, this disease is associated with neurological and developmental abnormalities in many patients. Considering that the mechanisms underlying neurological dysfunction in hypertyrosinemic patients are poorly understood, in the present work we investigated the levels of cytokines - tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-10 - in cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum of young rats exposed to chronic administration of L-tyrosine. In addition, we also investigated the impact of the supplementation with Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on the rodent model of Tyrosinemia. Notably, previous study demonstrated an association between L-tyrosine toxicity and n-3 PUFA deficiency. Our results showed a significant increase in the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in brain structures when animals were administered with L-tyrosine. Cerebral cortex and striatum seem to be more susceptible to the inflammation induced by tyrosine toxicity. Importantly, n-3 PUFA supplementation attenuated the alterations on cytokines levels induced by tyrosine exposure in brain regions of infant rats. In conclusion, the brain inflammation is also an important process related to tyrosine neurotoxicity observed in the experimental model of Tyrosinemia. Finally, n-3 PUFA supplementation could be considered as a potential neuroprotective adjunctive therapy for Tyrosinemias, especially type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Antonini
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Center of Excellence in Applied Neuroscience of Santa Catarina (NENASC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Center of Excellence in Applied Neuroscience of Santa Catarina (NENASC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Monique Michels
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Mariane B D Matias
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia F Schuck
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Center of Excellence in Applied Neuroscience of Santa Catarina (NENASC), Criciúma, Brazil.
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Blood and Brain Biochemistry and Behaviour in NTBC and Dietary Treated Tyrosinemia Type 1 Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102486. [PMID: 31623189 PMCID: PMC6836052 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinemia type 1 (TT1) is a rare metabolic disease caused by a defect in the tyrosine degradation pathway. Neurocognitive deficiencies have been described in TT1 patients, that have, among others, been related to changes in plasma large neutral amino acids (LNAA) that could result in changes in brain LNAA and neurotransmitter concentrations. Therefore, this project aimed to investigate plasma and brain LNAA, brain neurotransmitter concentrations and behavior in C57 Bl/6 fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase deficient (FAH−/−) mice treated with 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione (NTBC) and/or diet and wild-type mice. Plasma and brain tyrosine concentrations were clearly increased in all NTBC treated animals, even with diet (p < 0.001). Plasma and brain phenylalanine concentrations tended to be lower in all FAH−/− mice. Other brain LNAA, were often slightly lower in NTBC treated FAH−/− mice. Brain neurotransmitter concentrations were usually within a normal range, although serotonin was negatively correlated with brain tyrosine concentrations (p < 0.001). No clear behavioral differences between the different groups of mice could be found. To conclude, this is the first study measuring plasma and brain biochemistry in FAH−/− mice. Clear changes in plasma and brain LNAA have been shown. Further research should be done to relate the biochemical changes to neurocognitive impairments in TT1 patients.
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Carvalho-Silva M, Gomes LM, Gomes ML, Ferreira BK, Schuck PF, Ferreira GC, Dal-Pizzol F, de Oliveira J, Scaini G, Streck EL. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation can prevent changes in mitochondrial energy metabolism and oxidative stress caused by chronic administration of L-tyrosine in the brain of rats. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1207-1219. [PMID: 30949952 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of hepatic enzyme tyrosine aminotransferase characterizes the innate error of autosomal recessive disease Tyrosinemia Type II. Patients may develop neurological and developmental difficulties due to high levels of the amino acid tyrosine in the body. Mechanisms underlying the neurological dysfunction in patients are poorly known. Importantly, Tyrosinemia patients have deficient Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). Here, we investigated the possible neuroprotective effect of the treatment with n-3 PUFA in the alterations caused by chronic administration of L-tyrosine on important parameters of energetic metabolism and oxidative stress in the hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex of developing rats. Chronic administration of L-tyrosine causes a decrease in the citrate synthase (CS) activity in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, as well as in the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) activities, and an increase in the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity in the hippocampus. Moreover, in the striatum, L-tyrosine administration caused a decrease in the activities of CS, SDH, creatine kinase, and complexes I, II-III and IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. We also observed that the high levels of L-tyrosine are related to oxidative stress in the brain. Notably, supplementation of n-3 PUFA prevented the majority of the modifications caused by the chronic administration of L-tyrosine in the cerebral enzyme activities, as well as ameliorated the oxidative stress in the brain regions of rats. These results indicate a possible neuroprotective and antioxidant role for n-3 PUFA and may represent a new therapeutic approach and potential adjuvant therapy to Tyrosinemia Type II individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Carvalho-Silva
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Lara M Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Maria L Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Bruna K Ferreira
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Patricia F Schuck
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neuroenergética e Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
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12
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Ipson BR, Green RA, Wilson JT, Watson JN, Faull KF, Fisher AL. Tyrosine aminotransferase is involved in the oxidative stress response by metabolizing meta-tyrosine in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9536-9554. [PMID: 31043480 PMCID: PMC6579467 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Under oxidative stress conditions, hydroxyl radicals can oxidize the phenyl ring of phenylalanine, producing the abnormal tyrosine isomer meta-tyrosine (m-tyrosine). m-Tyrosine levels are commonly used as a biomarker of oxidative stress, and its accumulation has recently been reported to adversely affect cells, suggesting a direct role for m-tyrosine in oxidative stress effects. We found that the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of tyrosine aminotransferase (TATN-1)-the first enzyme involved in the metabolic degradation of tyrosine-is up-regulated in response to oxidative stress and directly activated by the oxidative stress-responsive transcription factor SKN-1. Worms deficient in tyrosine aminotransferase activity displayed increased sensitivity to multiple sources of oxidative stress. Biochemical assays revealed that m-tyrosine is a substrate for TATN-1-mediated deamination, suggesting that TATN-1 also metabolizes m-tyrosine. Consistent with a toxic effect of m-tyrosine and a protective function of TATN-1, tatn-1 mutant worms exhibited delayed development, marked reduction in fertility, and shortened lifespan when exposed to m-tyrosine. A forward genetic screen identified a mutation in the previously uncharacterized gene F01D4.5-homologous with human transcription factor 20 (TCF20) and retinoic acid-induced 1 (RAI1)-that suppresses the adverse phenotypes observed in m-tyrosine-treated tatn-1 mutant worms. RNA-Seq analysis of F01D4.5 mutant worms disclosed a significant reduction in the expression of specific isoforms of genes encoding ribosomal proteins, suggesting that alterations in protein synthesis or ribosome structure could diminish the adverse effects of m-tyrosine. Our findings uncover a critical role for tyrosine aminotransferase in the oxidative stress response via m-tyrosine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R Ipson
- From the Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy
- the Center for Healthy Aging, and
| | - Rebecca A Green
- the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | | | | | - Kym F Faull
- the Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, and
| | - Alfred L Fisher
- the Center for Healthy Aging, and
- the Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), South Texas Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Antonio, Texas 78229
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13
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Davison AS, Norman BP, Smith EA, Devine J, Usher J, Hughes AT, Khedr M, Milan AM, Gallagher JA, Ranganath LR. Serum Amino Acid Profiling in Patients with Alkaptonuria Before and After Treatment with Nitisinone. JIMD Rep 2018; 41:109-117. [PMID: 29754208 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2018_109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare inherited disorder of the tyrosine metabolic pathway. Our group is evaluating the use of the homogentisic acid-lowering agent nitisinone in patients with AKU. A major biochemical consequence of this treatment is hypertyrosinaemia. Herein we report the concentration of 20 serum amino acids over a 36-month period pre- and post-treatment with nitisinone. METHODS Fasting serum samples were collected at baseline (pre-nitisinone), 3 (2 mg nitisinone every other day), 6, 12, 24 and 36 (2 mg nitisinone daily) months. Amino acids were measured using the Biochrom 30 high-performance liquid chromatography cation exchange system with ninhydrin detection. RESULTS Fifty patients [21 female, mean age (±standard deviation) 54.1 (15.6) years (range 25-75); 29 male, mean age 49.3 (11.6) years (range 22-70 years)] were included. Following treatment mean tyrosine concentrations increased seven- to eight-fold (baseline, 69.8 μmol/L; 3 months, 670.7 μmol/L; 6 months, 666.4 μmol/L; 12 months, 692.9 μmol/L; 24 months, 649.4 μmol/L; 36 months, 724.8 μmol/L, p = <0.001 for all visits compared to baseline).At baseline mean phenylalanine, aspartic acid and arginine were outside the normal reference range. Following treatment the ratios of phenylalanine/tyrosine, phenylalanine/large neutral amino acids, arginine/branched chain amino acids and branched chain/aromatic amino acids decreased (p = <0.05), and the tyrosine/large neutral amino acid ratio increased (p = <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Marked hypertyrosinaemia was observed following treatment with nitisinone. Noteworthy changes were also observed in the ratio of several amino acids following treatment with nitisinone suggesting that the availability of amino acids for neurotransmitter biosynthesis and liver function may be altered following treatment with nitisinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Davison
- Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool, UK.
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - B P Norman
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - E A Smith
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Devine
- Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Usher
- Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - A T Hughes
- Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Khedr
- Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A M Milan
- Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J A Gallagher
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - L R Ranganath
- Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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14
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Gomes LM, Scaini G, Carvalho-Silva M, Gomes ML, Malgarin F, Kist LW, Bogo MR, Rico EP, Zugno AI, Deroza PFP, Réus GZ, de Moura AB, Quevedo J, Ferreira GC, Schuck PF, Streck EL. Antioxidants Reverse the Changes in the Cholinergic System Caused by L-Tyrosine Administration in Rats. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:769-780. [PMID: 29417439 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinemia type II is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a deficiency in the activity of the enzyme tyrosine aminotransferase, leading to tyrosine accumulation in the body. Although the mechanisms involved are still poorly understood, several studies have showed that higher levels of tyrosine are related to oxidative stress and therefore may affect the cholinergic system. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic administration of L-tyrosine on choline acetyltransferase activity (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain of rats. Moreover, we also examined the effects of one antioxidant treatment (N-acetylcysteine (NAC) + deferoxamine (DFX)) on cholinergic system. Our results showed that the chronic administration of L-tyrosine decreases the ChAT activity in the cerebral cortex, while the AChE activity was increased in the hippocampus, striatum, and cerebral cortex. Moreover, we found that the antioxidant treatment was able to prevent the decrease in the ChAT activity in the cerebral cortex. However, the increase in AChE activity induced by L-tyrosine was partially prevented the in the hippocampus and striatum, but not in the cerebral cortex. Our results also showed no differences in the aversive and spatial memory after chronic administration of L-tyrosine. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated an increase in AChE activity in the hippocampus, striatum, and cerebral cortex and an increase of ChAT in the cerebral cortex, without cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the alterations in the cholinergic system were partially prevented by the co-administration of NAC and DFX. Thus, the restored central cholinergic system by antioxidant treatment further supports the view that oxidative stress may be involved in the pathophysiology of tyrosinemia type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Milena Carvalho-Silva
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Maria L Gomes
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Malgarin
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Luiza W Kist
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maurício R Bogo
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pacheco Rico
- Laboratório de Sinalização Neural e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandra I Zugno
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Pedro F P Deroza
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Airam B de Moura
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.,Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gustavo C Ferreira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia F Schuck
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
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15
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Carvalho-Silva M, Gomes LM, Scaini G, Rebelo J, Damiani AP, Pereira M, Andrade VM, Gava FF, Valvassori SS, Schuck PF, Ferreira GC, Streck EL. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation decreases DNA damage in brain of rats subjected to a chemically induced chronic model of Tyrosinemia type II. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1043-1050. [PMID: 28315992 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-9994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinemia type II is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a mutation in a gene encoding the enzyme tyrosine aminotransferase leading to an accumulation of tyrosine in the body, and is associated with neurologic and development difficulties in numerous patients. Because the accumulation of tyrosine promotes oxidative stress and DNA damage, the main aim of this study was to investigate the possible antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of omega-3 treatment in a chemically-induced model of Tyrosinemia type II in hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex of rats. Our results showed chronic administration of L-tyrosine increased the frequency and the index of DNA damage, as well as the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in the hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex. Moreover, omega-3 fatty acid treatment totally prevented increased DNA damage in the striatum and hippocampus, and partially prevented in the cerebral cortex, whereas the increase in 8-OHdG levels was totally prevented by omega-3 fatty acid treatment in hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the main accumulating metabolite in Tyrosinemia type II induce DNA damage in hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex, possibly mediated by free radical production, and the supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids was able to prevent this damage, suggesting that could be involved in the prevention of oxidative damage to DNA in this disease. Thus, omega-3 fatty acids supplementation to Tyrosinemia type II patients may represent a new therapeutic approach and a possible adjuvant to the curren t treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Carvalho-Silva
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lara M Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Joyce Rebelo
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriani P Damiani
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maiara Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Andrade
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Gava
- Laboratório de Sinalização Neural e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Samira S Valvassori
- Laboratório de Sinalização Neural e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Patricia F Schuck
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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16
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Streck EL, De Prá SDT, Ferro PR, Carvalho-Silva M, Gomes LM, Agostini JF, Damiani A, Andrade VM, Schuck PF, Ferreira GC, Scaini G. Role of antioxidant treatment on DNA and lipid damage in the brain of rats subjected to a chemically induced chronic model of tyrosinemia type II. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 435:207-214. [PMID: 28547180 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine levels are abnormally elevated in tissues and body fluids of patients with inborn errors of tyrosine metabolism. Tyrosinemia type II, which is caused by tyrosine aminotransferase deficiency, provokes eyes, skin, and central nervous system disturbances in affected patients. However, the mechanisms of brain damage are still poorly known. Considering that studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress may contribute, along with other mechanisms, to the neurological dysfunction characteristic of hypertyrosinemia, in the present study we investigated the effects of antioxidant treatment (NAC and DFX) on DNA damage and oxidative stress markers induced by chronic administration of L-tyrosine in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of rats. The results showed elevated levels of DNA migration, and thus DNA damage, after chronic administration of L-tyrosine in all the analyzed brain areas, and that the antioxidant treatment was able to prevent DNA damage in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. However, the co-administration of NAC plus DFX did not prevent the DNA damage in the striatum. Moreover, we found a significant increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS) and DCFH oxidation in cerebral cortex, as well as an increase in nitrate/nitrite levels in the hippocampus and striatum. Additionally, the antioxidant treatment was able to prevent the increase in TBA-RS levels and in nitrate/nitrite levels, but not the DCFH oxidation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and oxidative stress can play a role in DNA damage in this disorder. Moreover, NAC/DFX supplementation to tyrosinemia type II patients may represent a new therapeutic approach and a possible adjuvant to the current treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio L Streck
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Samira D T De Prá
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Ronsani Ferro
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Milena Carvalho-Silva
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lara M Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jotele F Agostini
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Adriani Damiani
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Andrade
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Patrícia F Schuck
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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17
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Sterkel M, Oliveira JHM, Bottino-Rojas V, Paiva-Silva GO, Oliveira PL. The Dose Makes the Poison: Nutritional Overload Determines the Life Traits of Blood-Feeding Arthropods. Trends Parasitol 2017; 33:633-644. [PMID: 28549573 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate blood composition is heavily biased towards proteins, and hemoglobin, which is a hemeprotein, is by far the most abundant protein. Typically, hematophagous insects ingest blood volumes several times their weight before the blood meal. This barbarian feast offers an abundance of nutrients, but the degradation of blood proteins generates toxic concentrations of amino acids and heme, along with unparalleled microbiota growth. Despite this challenge, hematophagous arthropods have successfully developed mechanisms that bypass the toxicity of these molecules. While these adaptations allow hematophagous arthropods to tolerate their diet, they also constitute a unique mode of operation for cell signaling, immunity, and metabolism, the study of which may offer insights into the biology of disease vectors and may lead to novel vector-specific control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Sterkel
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - José Henrique M Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bottino-Rojas
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Gabriela O Paiva-Silva
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Brazil
| | - Pedro L Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Brazil.
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Teodorak BP, Scaini G, Carvalho-Silva M, Gomes LM, Teixeira LJ, Rebelo J, De Prá SDT, Zeni N, Schuck PF, Ferreira GC, Streck EL. Antioxidants reverse the changes in energy metabolism of rat brain after chronic administration of L.-tyrosine. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:557-564. [PMID: 27924409 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinemia type II is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by deficiency of hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase and is associated with neurologic and development difficulties in numerous patients. Considering that the mechanisms underlying the neurological dysfunction in hypertyrosinemic patients are poorly known and that high concentrations of tyrosine provoke mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, in the present study we investigated the in vivo influence of antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine, NAC; and deferoxamine, DFX) administration on the inhibitory effects on parameters of energy metabolism in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of rats, provoked by chronic administration of L.-tyrosine. Our results showed that chronic administration of L.-tyrosine results in a marked decrease in the activity of citrate synthase in all the analyzed structures and succinate dehydrogenase activities in hippocampus and striatum, and that antioxidants administration can prevent this inhibition in hippocampus and striatum. Moreover, chronic administration of L.-tyrosine inhibited the activity of complex I, II-III and IV in the striatum, which can be prevented by antioxidant treatment. However, the co-administration of NAC plus DFX could not prevent the inhibition of creatine kinase activity in the striatum. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the administration of antioxidants NAC and DFX attenuates the L.-tyrosine effects on enzymes of the Krebs cycle and the mitochondrial respiratory chain, suggesting that impairment of energy metabolism can be involved with oxidative stress. These results also indicate a possible neuroprotective role for NAC and DFX as a potential adjuvant therapy to the patients with Tyrosinemia type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brena P Teodorak
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Milena Carvalho-Silva
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lara M Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Letícia J Teixeira
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Joyce Rebelo
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Samira D T De Prá
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Neila Zeni
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Patrícia F Schuck
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Neurological and Neuropsychological Problems in Tyrosinemia Type I Patients. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 959:111-122. [PMID: 28755189 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55780-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, Hereditary Tyrosinemia type I (HTI) is especially characterized by severe liver dysfunction in early life. However, recurrent neurological crises are another main finding in these patients when they are treated with a tyrosine and phenylalanine restricted diet only. This is caused by the accumulation of δ-aminolevulinic acid due to the inhibitory effect of succinylacetone on the enzyme that metabolizes δ-aminolevulinic acid. Due to the biochemical and clinical resemblance of these neurological crises and acute intermittent porphyria, this group of symptoms in HTI patients is mostly called porphyria-like-syndrome. The neurological crises in HTI patients disappeared after the introduction of treatment with 2-(2 nitro-4-3 trifluoro-methylbenzoyl)-1, 3-cyclohexanedione (NTBC). However, if NTBC treatment is stopped for a while, severe neurological dysfunction will reappear.If NTBC treatment is started early and given continuously, all clinical problems seem to be solved. However, recent research findings indicate that HTI patients have a non-optimal neurocognitive outcome, showing (among others) a lower IQ and impaired executive functioning and social cognition. Unfortunately the exact neuropsychological profile of these HTI patients is not known yet, neither are the exact pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these impairments. It may be hypothesized that the biochemical changes such as high blood tyrosine or low blood phenylalanine concentrations are important in this respect, but an direct toxic effect of NTBC or production of toxic metabolites (that previously characterized the disease before introduction of NTBC) cannot be excluded either. This chapter discusses the neurological and neuropsychological symptoms associated with HTI in detail. An extended section on possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of such symptoms is also included.
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Urine metabolic profiling for the pathogenesis research of erosive oral lichen planus. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 73:206-213. [PMID: 27771589 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common chronic immune-pathological and inflammatory disease and potentially oral precancerous lesion. Erosive OLP patients show the higher rate of malignant transformation than patients with non-erosive OLP. Identifying the potential biomarkers related to erosive OLP may help to understand the pathogenesis of the diseases. METHODS Metabolic profiles were compared in control and patient subjects with erosive OLP by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) coupled with pattern recognition methods An integrative analysis was used to identify the perturbed metabolic pathways and pathological processes that may be associated with the disease. RESULTS In total, 12 modulated metabolites were identified and considered as the potential biomarkers of erosive OLP. Multiple metabolic pathways and pathological processes were involved in erosive OLP. CONCLUSION The dysregulations of these metabolites could be used to explain the pathogenesis of the disease, which could also be the potential therapeutic targets for the disease.
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da Rosa MS, Scaini G, Damiani AP, Longaretti LM, Pereira M, Seminotti B, Zapelini HG, Schuck PF, Streck EL, de Andrade VM, Wajner M, Leipnitz G. Evidence that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric and 3-methylglutaric acids induce DNA damage in rat striatum. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:1055-62. [PMID: 25939283 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HL) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorderaffecting the final step of leucine degradation and ketogenesis and biochemically characterized by the predominant accumulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric (HMG) and 3-methylglutaric (MGA) acids in biological fluids and tissues of affected patients. Considering that previous studies reported that HMG and MGA have pro oxidant properties, the present study evaluated the ex vivo and in vitro effects of HMG and MGA on frequency and index of DNA damage in cerebral cortex and striatum of young rats. The ex vivo effects of both organic acids on 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (OHdG) levels and their in vitro effects on 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) oxidation and glutathione (GSH) concentrations in rat striatum were also determined. We also investigated the ex vivo effects of both organic acids on 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (OHdG) levels in rat striatum. In the ex vivo experiments, DNA damage was determined in striatum homogenates prepared 30 min after a single intrastriatal administration of HMG or MGA. On the other hand, the in vitro evaluation was performed after an incubation of rat cerebral cortex or striatum homogenates or slices in the presence of HMG or MGA during 1 h at 37 °C. We observed that the intrastriatal administration of HMG and MGA increased the frequency and the index of DNA damage, as well as OHdG staining in rat striatum. We also verified that MGA, but not HMG, increased DNA damage frequency and index in vitro in striatum of rats. In contrast, no alterations were verified in vitro in cerebral cortex. Finally, we found that HMG and MGA increased DCFH oxidation and decreased GSH concentrations in rat striatum. Therefore, it may be presumed that DNA damage provoked by HMG and MGA possibly via reactive species generation is involved, at least in part, in the pathophysiology of brain injury, particularly in the striatum of HL-deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Struecker da Rosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos N° 2600 - Attached, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Ferreira GK, Carvalho-Silva M, Gomes LM, Scaini G, Teixeira LJ, Mota IT, Schuck PF, Ferreira GC, Streck EL. The characterization of neuroenergetic effects of chronic L-tyrosine administration in young rats: evidence for striatal susceptibility. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:215-21. [PMID: 25252880 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinemia type II is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a deficiency in hepatic cytosolic aminotransferase. Affected patients usually present a variable degree of mental retardation, which may be related to the level of plasma tyrosine. In the present study we evaluated effect of chronic administration of L-tyrosine on the activities of citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and complexes I, II, II-III and IV in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of rats in development. Chronic administration consisted of L-tyrosine (500 mg/kg) or saline injections 12 h apart for 24 days in Wistar rats (7 days old); rats were killed 12 h after last injection. Our results demonstrated that L-tyrosine inhibited the activity of citrate synthase in the hippocampus and striatum, malate dehydrogenase activity was increased in striatum and succinate dehydrogenase, complexes I and II-III activities were inhibited in striatum. However, complex IV activity was increased in hippocampus and inhibited in striatum. By these findings, we suggest that repeated administrations of L-tyrosine cause alterations in energy metabolism, which may be similar to the acute administration in brain of infant rats. Taking together the present findings and evidence from the literature, we hypothesize that energy metabolism impairment could be considered an important pathophysiological mechanism underlying the brain damage observed in patients with tyrosinemia type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela K Ferreira
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Selenium reduces bradykinesia and DNA damage in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Nutrition 2015; 31:359-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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de Andrade RB, Gemelli T, Rojas DB, Bonorino NF, Costa BML, Funchal C, Dutra-Filho CS, Wannmacher CMD. Creatine and Pyruvate Prevent the Alterations Caused by Tyrosine on Parameters of Oxidative Stress and Enzyme Activities of Phosphoryltransfer Network in Cerebral Cortex of Wistar Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1184-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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