1
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Fu Y, Mackowiak B, Lin YH, Maccioni L, Lehner T, Pan H, Guan Y, Godlewski G, Lu H, Chen C, Wei S, Feng D, Paloczi J, Zhou H, Pacher P, Zhang L, Kunos G, Gao B. Coordinated action of a gut-liver pathway drives alcohol detoxification and consumption. Nat Metab 2024:10.1038/s42255-024-01063-2. [PMID: 38902331 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) affects millions of people worldwide, causing extensive morbidity and mortality with limited pharmacological treatments. The liver is considered as the principal site for the detoxification of ethanol metabolite, acetaldehyde (AcH), by aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and as a target for AUD treatment, however, our recent data indicate that the liver only plays a partial role in clearing systemic AcH. Here we show that a liver-gut axis, rather than liver alone, synergistically drives systemic AcH clearance and voluntary alcohol drinking. Mechanistically, we find that after ethanol intake, a substantial proportion of AcH generated in the liver is excreted via the bile into the gastrointestinal tract where AcH is further metabolized by gut ALDH2. Modulating bile flow significantly affects serum AcH level and drinking behaviour. Thus, combined targeting of liver and gut ALDH2, and manipulation of bile flow and secretion are potential therapeutic strategies to treat AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojie Fu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yu-Hong Lin
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luca Maccioni
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Taylor Lehner
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hongna Pan
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grzegorz Godlewski
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hongkun Lu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cheng Chen
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shoupeng Wei
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janos Paloczi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Yan T, Chen J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Deficiency of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 aggravates ethanol-induced cytotoxicity in N2a cells via CaMKII/Drp1-mediated mitophagy. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114129. [PMID: 37967785 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol abuse causes brain damage and has been associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. The toxic metabolite of alcohol, acetaldehyde, which is converted to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), has been shown to induce excessive mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction leading to neurotoxicity. However, it is still unclear how alcohol affects mitochondrial function in ALDH2-deficient cells. The present study investigated the association between abnormal mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and cytotoxicity in ALDH2-deficient N2a cells treated with ethanol. It was found that ethanol induced dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation and impaired mitochondrial function, causing excessive mitophagy and cytotoxicity in ALDH2-deficient N2a cells while inducing Ca2+ influx and activating Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Inhibition of Ca2+ overload or CaMKII activation prevented Drp1 phosphorylation and ameliorated ethanol-induced mitophagy and cytotoxicity, indicating that Ca2+-dependent CaMKII activation was critical for mediating Drp1-dependent excessive mitochondrial fission and mitophagy in ALDH2-deficient N2a cells. The results of the present study suggested that prevention of intracellular Ca2+ overload might be beneficial for preventing neurotoxicity associated with alcohol abuse in individuals with defective ALDH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Jiyang Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Yalin Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Yinuo Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanqingzhi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China.
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3
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Jung SH, Lee YH, Lee EK, Park SD, Shim JJ, Lee JL, Yoo HH. Effects of Plant-Based Extract Mixture on Alcohol Metabolism and Hangover Improvement in Humans: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Paralleled, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5244. [PMID: 37629284 PMCID: PMC10455467 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hangovers are uncomfortable physiological symptoms after alcohol consumption caused by acetaldehyde, a toxic substance in which alcohol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Rapid alcohol and acetaldehyde decomposition are essential to alleviate alcohol handling symptoms. This study investigated the effects of HY_IPA combined with Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, Pueraria lobata flower, and Artemisia indica on alleviating hangovers. A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted on 80 individuals with hangover symptoms. Alcohol intake was 0.9 g/bw with 40% whiskey, adjusted proportionately to body weight. The Acute Hangover Scale total score was 5.24 ± 5.78 and 18.54 ± 18.50 in the HY_ IPA and placebo groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). All nine indicators of the hangover symptom questionnaire were significantly improved in the HY_IPA group (p < 0.01). Blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations rapidly decreased from 30 min in the HY_IPA group (p < 0.05). ADH and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities in the blood of the HY_IPA group were significantly higher than those in the placebo group at 0, 1, and 2 h after alcohol consumption (p < 0.01). The rapid hangover relief was due to increased ADH and ALDH. Therefore, HY_IPA effectively relieves hangover symptoms by decomposing alcohol and acetaldehyde when consumed before alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Jung
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (S.H.J.); (Y.H.L.); (S.-D.P.); (J.-J.S.)
| | - Yun Ha Lee
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (S.H.J.); (Y.H.L.); (S.-D.P.); (J.-J.S.)
| | - Eun Kyu Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soo-Dong Park
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (S.H.J.); (Y.H.L.); (S.-D.P.); (J.-J.S.)
| | - Jae-Jung Shim
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (S.H.J.); (Y.H.L.); (S.-D.P.); (J.-J.S.)
| | - Jung-Lyoul Lee
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (S.H.J.); (Y.H.L.); (S.-D.P.); (J.-J.S.)
| | - Hye Hyun Yoo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea;
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Cheng XR, Ma JH, Amadou I, Zhao W, Chen YY, Zhang CX, Guan B. Electrophilic components from Xiaoheiyao (rhizomes of Inula nervosa Wall.) alleviate the production of heterocyclic aromatic amines via creatinine inhibition. Food Chem 2023; 404:134561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Role of the Intestinal Microbiota in the Genesis of Major Depression and the Response to Antidepressant Drug Therapy: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020550. [PMID: 36831086 PMCID: PMC9953611 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A major depressive disorder is a serious mental illness characterized by a pervasive low mood that negatively concerns personal life, work life, or education, affecting millions of people worldwide. To date, due to the complexity of the disease, the most common and effective treatments consist of a multi-therapy approach, including psychological, social, and pharmacological support with antidepressant drugs. In general, antidepressants are effective in correcting chemical imbalances of neurotransmitters in the brain, but recent evidence has underlined the pivotal role of gut microbiota (GM) also in the regulation of their pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, through indirect or direct mechanisms. The study of these complex interactions between GM and drugs is currently under the spotlight, and it has been recently named "pharmacomicrobiomics". Hence, the purpose of this review is to summarize the contribution of GM and its metabolites in depression, as well as their role in the metabolism and activity of antidepressant drugs, in order to pave the way for the personalized administration of antidepressant therapies.
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6
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Okhuarobo A, Angelo M, Bolton JL, Lopez C, Igbe I, Baram TZ, Contet C. Influence of early-life adversity on responses to acute and chronic ethanol in female mice. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:336-347. [PMID: 36462937 PMCID: PMC9992294 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stressful early-life experiences increase the risk of developing an alcohol use disorder. We previously found that male C57BL/6J mice reared under limited bedding and nesting (LBN) conditions, a model of early-life adversity, escalate their ethanol intake in limited-access two-bottle choice (2BC) sessions faster than control (CTL)-reared counterparts when exposed to chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) vapor inhalation. However, the alcohol consumption of female littermates was not affected by LBN or CIE. In the present study, we sought to determine whether this phenotype reflected a general insensitivity of female mice to the influence of early-life stress on alcohol responses. METHODS In a first experiment, CTL and LBN females with a history of 2BC combined or not with CIE were tested in affective and nociceptive assays during withdrawal. In a second group of CTL and LBN females, we examined ethanol-induced antinociception, sedation, plasma clearance, and c-Fos induction. RESULTS In females withdrawn from chronic 2BC, CIE increased digging, reduced grooming, and increased immobility in the tail suspension test regardless of early-life history. In contrast, LBN rearing lowered mechanical nociceptive thresholds regardless of CIE exposure. In females acutely treated with ethanol, LBN rearing facilitated antinociception and delayed the onset of sedation without influencing ethanol clearance rate or c-Fos induction in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, central nucleus of the amygdala, or auditory cortex. CONCLUSION CIE withdrawal produced multiple indices of negative affect in C57BL/6J females, suggesting that their motivation to consume alcohol may differ from air-exposed counterparts despite equivalent intake. Contrasted with our previous findings in males, LBN-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in chronic alcohol drinkers was specific to females. Lower nociceptive thresholds combined with increased sensitivity to the acute antinociceptive effect of ethanol may contribute to reinforcing ethanol consumption in LBN females but are not sufficient to increase their intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agbonlahor Okhuarobo
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA
- University of Benin, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Maggie Angelo
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jessica L. Bolton
- University of California - Irvine, Departments of Anatomy / Neurobiology and Pediatrics, Irvine, CA
- Georgia State University, Neuroscience Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Catherine Lopez
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ighodaro Igbe
- University of Benin, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Tallie Z. Baram
- University of California - Irvine, Departments of Anatomy / Neurobiology and Pediatrics, Irvine, CA
| | - Candice Contet
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA
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7
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Guo H, Yu X, Liu Y, Paik DT, Justesen JM, Chandy M, Jahng JWS, Zhang T, Wu W, Rwere F, Zhao SR, Pokhrel S, Shivnaraine RV, Mukherjee S, Simon DJ, Manhas A, Zhang A, Chen CH, Rivas MA, Gross ER, Mochly-Rosen D, Wu JC. SGLT2 inhibitor ameliorates endothelial dysfunction associated with the common ALDH2 alcohol flushing variant. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabp9952. [PMID: 36696485 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abp9952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The common aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) alcohol flushing variant known as ALDH2*2 affects ∼8% of the world's population. Even in heterozygous carriers, this missense variant leads to a severe loss of ALDH2 enzymatic activity and has been linked to an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction plays a determining role in all stages of CAD pathogenesis, including early-onset CAD. However, the contribution of ALDH2*2 to EC dysfunction and its relation to CAD are not fully understood. In a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) from Biobank Japan, ALDH2*2 was found to be one of the strongest single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with CAD. Clinical assessment of endothelial function showed that human participants carrying ALDH2*2 exhibited impaired vasodilation after light alcohol drinking. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ECs (iPSC-ECs) and CRISPR-Cas9-corrected ALDH2*2 iPSC-ECs, we modeled ALDH2*2-induced EC dysfunction in vitro, demonstrating an increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers and a decrease in nitric oxide (NO) production and tube formation capacity, which was further exacerbated by ethanol exposure. We subsequently found that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) such as empagliflozin mitigated ALDH2*2-associated EC dysfunction. Studies in ALDH2*2 knock-in mice further demonstrated that empagliflozin attenuated ALDH2*2-mediated vascular dysfunction in vivo. Mechanistically, empagliflozin inhibited Na+/H+-exchanger 1 (NHE-1) and activated AKT kinase and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) pathways to ameliorate ALDH2*2-induced EC dysfunction. Together, our results suggest that ALDH2*2 induces EC dysfunction and that SGLT2i may potentially be used as a preventative measure against CAD for ALDH2*2 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Guo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xuan Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David T Paik
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Johanne Marie Justesen
- Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark Chandy
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James W S Jahng
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Weijun Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Freeborn Rwere
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shane Rui Zhao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel J Simon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amit Manhas
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angela Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Manuel A Rivas
- Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric R Gross
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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8
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Xiao L, Xiang J, Liu X, Yang L, Wei Y, Fang S, Li J, Ye Y. Lipidomic changes of cerebral cortex in aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 knock-in heterozygote mice after chronic alcohol exposure. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1053411. [PMID: 36743287 PMCID: PMC9893510 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1053411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alcohol is the main legal drug in the world, and excessive consumption of alcohol seriously damages the morphological structure and function of various organs. The insufficiency of an essential enzyme in ethanol metabolism, aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), will aggravate the alcohol-induced brain injury. The effect of ALDH2 after chronic alcohol exposure on global lipid profiling of the brain remains unclear. Methods In this study, ALDH2*2 knock-in mice were fed the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing ethanol for 8 weeks. Blood alcohol and acetaldehyde levels were examined, and the mice were tested through novel object recognition and the Y-maze test to evaluate cognitive impairment toward the end of the study. The lipidome profiling of cerebral cortex samples was investigated using a lipidomics method based on ultra-high performance liquid tandem chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOFMS). Results and Discussion Compared with similarly treated wild-type (WT) mice, ALDH2*2 mice exhibited poor cognitive performance, though the result did not achieve statistical significance. The lipidomics results indicated that 74 differential lipid species were selected in WT mice, of which 57 species were up-regulated, and 17 were down-regulated. Moreover, 99 differential lipids were identified in ALDH2*2 mice, of which 73 were up-regulated, and 26 were down-regulated. For ALDH2*2 mice, the number of changed significantly glycerophospholipids (GPs) subtypes was lower than that of WT mice. Interestingly, compared with WT mice, a lower proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was found in ALDH2*2 mice. Collectively, the results provide clear evidence for a lipidomic signature of marked changes in the cerebral cortex of ALDH2*2 mice after chronic alcohol exposure. Highlights • The cerebral cortex of heterozygous ALDH2*2 mice showed more significant changes in lipidome profiles after chronic alcohol exposure than wild-type mice.• Most lipids were significantly up-regulated in both groups of mice, whereas the increase in TAG was restricted to WT mice.• For ALDH2*2 mice, GPs substances changed significantly, and SHexCer and SM subclasses in sphingolipids also deserved attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Xiang
- Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wei
- College of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyong Fang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Yi Ye
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Yi Ye, ✉
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9
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Li K, Wu H, Kidawara M, Lin Y, Satoh A, Zhang G, Munemasa S, Murata Y, Nakamura T, Nakamura Y. The microbiota catabolites of quercetin glycosides concertedly enhance the resistance against acetaldehyde-induced oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:607-616. [PMID: 36576903 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2159820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (OPAC) are the predominant catabolites of quercetin glycosides, such as quercetin 4'-O-β-glucoside from the onion, produced by intestinal microbiota. Although each catabolite has been reported to protect the cells from acetaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity, the effect of their combination remains to be clarified. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the combination of DOPAC and OPAC enhances the resistance against the acetaldehyde-induced oxidative stress in the cultured hepatocytes. The pretreatment of the combination of DOPAC (5 μM) and OPAC (5 μM) showed significant protection against the acetaldehyde- and hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity, even though each compound at the same concentration did not. This combination also significantly inhibited the intracellular dichlorofluorescin diacetate-detectable reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, whereas the solo treatment did slightly, suggesting that reducing mechanisms of ROS or compounds that enhance ROS production are involved in the cytoprotective effect. The combinatory treatment significantly enhanced the gene expression of not only the aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), but also glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit, the first rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Accordingly, both the intracellular GSH level and the total ALDH activity were enhanced by DOPAC plus OPAC. Involvement of GSH in the cytoprotection as well as ALDH up-regulation by the combination was confirmed by the experiments using a GSH biosynthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine. Taken together, the present results suggested that the quercetin microbiota catabolites concertedly protect the cells from acetaldehyde through a pre-enhanced resistance against oxidative stress by the GSH-dependent up-regulation of ALDHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Li
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Minori Kidawara
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yun Lin
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Ayano Satoh
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Gongliang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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10
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Ethanol concentration induces production of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid in mouse brain through activation of monoamine oxidase pathway. Neurosci Lett 2022; 782:136689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Improvement of Astragalin on Spermatogenesis in Oligoasthenozoospermia Mouse Induced by Cyclophosphamide. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:1738-1748. [PMID: 34846706 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
More than 40% of infertile men are diagnosed with oligoasthenozoospermia and the incidence is still rising, but the effective treatments are not been found until now. Astragalin, one of the main active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine, may be effective in the treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia. This study investigated the pharmacological effects of astragalin for treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia in male mice, induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). Male mice were intraperitoneally injected by CTX (50 mg/kg), and astragalin (30 mg/kg) was given via oral gavage once daily. RNA-seq analysis highlighted astragalin upregulated gene expression of anti-apoptosis (AKT1and BCL2-XL), cell proliferation (ETV1, MAPKAPK2, and RPS6KA5) and synthesis of testosterone (STAR, CYP11A1, and PRKACB), but downregulated gene expression of cell apoptosis (BAD, BCL-2, CASPASE9, and CASPASE3) in mouse testis. Astragalin also significantly reversed the reduction in body weight, reproductive organs index, and sperm parameters (sperm concentration, viability, and motility) induced by CTX, and restored testicular abnormal histopathologic morphology induced by CTX. Furthermore, astragalin dramatically rescued the gene expression related to spermatogenesis (AKT1, BCL-2, CASPASE9, CASPASE3, MAPKAPK2, RPS6KA5, STAR, and PRKACB), and increased the level of testosterone by improving related proteins (STAR, CYP11A1, PRKACB) for oligoasthenozoospermia induced by CTX. In conclusion, astragalin may be a potential beneficial agent for oligoasthenozoospermia by increasing the testosterone levels in testis.
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12
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Baldari S, Manni I, Di Rocco G, Paolini F, Palermo B, Piaggio G, Toietta G. Reduction of Cell Proliferation by Acute C 2H 6O Exposure. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194999. [PMID: 34638483 PMCID: PMC8508324 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Alcoholic beverages and acetaldehyde formed during their metabolism are carcinogenic to humans. Alcohol drinking may affect bone marrow stem cell niche, suppressing physiological hematopoiesis and ultimately reducing the organism’s capacity to fight against cancer, infections, and to promote tissue regeneration. To elucidate in vivo the cellular mechanisms associated with alcohol intake toxicity, we used a mouse model in which proliferating cells produce the firefly’s light-emitting protein. In this animal, alcohol exposure transiently “turns off the light”, indicating a negative effect on cell proliferation in the bone marrow and spleen. Pharmacological treatment with substances interfering with ethanol metabolism, reducing acetaldehyde production, partially restores the physiological cell proliferation rate. Over 560 million people worldwide have increased susceptibility to acetaldehyde toxicity and 4% of cancer deaths are attributable to alcohol. Our model might provide a suitable tool to further investigate in vivo the effects of alcohol metabolism and aldehydes production on carcinogenesis. Abstract Endogenous acetaldehyde production from the metabolism of ingested alcohol exposes hematopoietic progenitor cells to increased genotoxic risk. To develop possible therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse alcohol abuse effects, it would be critical to determine the temporal progression of acute ethanol toxicity on progenitor cell numbers and proliferative status. We followed the variation of the cell proliferation rate in bone marrow and spleen in response to acute ethanol intoxication in the MITO-Luc mouse, in which NF-Y-dependent cell proliferation can be assessed in vivo by non-invasive bioluminescent imaging. One week after ethanol administration, bioluminescent signals in bone marrow and spleen decreased below the level corresponding to physiological proliferation, and they progressively resumed to pre-treatment values in approximately 4 weeks. Boosting acetaldehyde catabolism by administration of an aldehyde dehydrogenase activity activator or administration of polyphenols with antioxidant activity partially restored bone marrow cells’ physiological proliferation. These results indicate that in this mouse model, bioluminescent alteration reflects the reduction of the physiological proliferation rate of bone marrow progenitor cells due to the toxic effect of aldehydes generated by alcohol oxidation. In summary, this study presents a novel view of the impact of acute alcohol intake on bone marrow cell proliferation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Baldari
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (F.P.); (B.P.)
| | - Isabella Manni
- Stabilimento Allevatore Fornitore Utilizzatore (SAFU), IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuliana Di Rocco
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Paolini
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (F.P.); (B.P.)
| | - Belinda Palermo
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (F.P.); (B.P.)
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- Stabilimento Allevatore Fornitore Utilizzatore (SAFU), IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Gabriele Toietta
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (F.P.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-5266-2604
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13
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Guo F, Zhang YF, Liu K, Huang X, Li RX, Wang SY, Wang F, Xiao L, Mei F, Li T. Chronic Exposure to Alcohol Inhibits New Myelin Generation in Adult Mouse Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:732602. [PMID: 34512271 PMCID: PMC8429601 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.732602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption causes cognitive impairments accompanying with white matter atrophy. Recent evidence has shown that myelin dynamics remain active and are important for brain functions in adulthood. For example, new myelin generation is required for learning and memory functions. However, it remains undetermined whether alcohol exposure can alter myelin dynamics in adulthood. In this study, we examine the effect of chronic alcohol exposure on myelin dynamics by using genetic approaches to label newly generated myelin (NG2-CreERt; mT/mG). Our results indicated that alcohol exposure (either 5% or 10% in drinking water) for 3 weeks remarkably reduced mGFP + /NG2- new myelin and mGFP + /CC1 + new oligodendrocytes in the prefrontal cortex and corpus callosum of 6-month-old NG2-CreERt; mT/mG mice as compared to controls without changing the mGFP + /NG2 + oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) density, suggesting that alcohol exposure may inhibit oligodendrocyte differentiation. In support with these findings, the alcohol exposure did not significantly alter apoptotic cell number or overall MBP expression in the brains. Further, the alcohol exposure decreased the histone deacetylase1 (HDAC1) expression in mGFP + /NG2 + OPCs, implying epigenetic mechanisms were involved in the arrested OPC differentiation. Together, our results indicate that chronic exposure to alcohol can inhibit myelinogenesis in the adult mouse brain and that may contribute to alcohol-related cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,The First Camp of Cadet Brigade, School of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,The First Camp of Cadet Brigade, School of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rui-Xue Li
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shu-Yue Wang
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Mei
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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14
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Acetaldehyde Excitation of Lateral Habenular Neurons via Multiple Cellular Mechanisms. J Neurosci 2021; 41:7532-7545. [PMID: 34326141 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2913-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaldehyde (ACD), the first metabolite of ethanol, is implicated in several of ethanol's actions, including the reinforcing and aversive effects. The neuronal mechanisms underlying ACD's aversive effect, however, are poorly understood. The lateral habenula (LHb), a regulator of midbrain monoaminergic centers, is activated by negative valence events. Although the LHb has been linked to the aversive responses of several abused drugs, including ethanol, little is known about ACD. We, therefore, assessed ACD's action on LHb neurons in rats. The results showed that intraperitoneal injection of ACD increased cFos protein expression within the LHb and that intra-LHb infusion of ACD induced conditioned place aversion in male rats. Furthermore, electrophysiological recording in brain slices of male and female rats showed that bath application of ACD facilitated spontaneous firing and glutamatergic transmission. This effect of ACD was potentiated by an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) inhibitor, disulfiram (DS), but attenuated by the antagonists of dopamine (DA) receptor (DAR) subtype 1 (SCH23390) and subtype 2 (raclopride), and partly abolished by the pretreatment of DA or DA reuptake blocker (GBR12935; GBR). Moreover, application of ACD initiated a depolarizing inward current (I ACD) and enhanced the hyperpolarizing-activated currents in LHb neurons. Bath application of Rp-cAMPs, a selective cAMP-PKA inhibitor, attenuated ACD-induced potentiation of EPSCs and I ACD Finally, bath application of ZD7288, a selective blocker of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, attenuated ACD-induced potentiation of firing, EPSCs, and I ACD These results show that ACD exerts its aversive property by exciting LHb neurons via multiple cellular mechanisms, and new treatments targeting the LHb may be beneficial for alcoholism.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Acetaldehyde (ACD) has been considered aversive peripherally and rewarding centrally. However, whether ACD has a central aversive property is unclear. Here, we report that ACD excites the lateral habenula (LHb), a brain region associated with aversion and negative valence, through multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. Intra-LHb ACD produces significant conditioned place aversion. These results suggest that ACD's actions on the LHb neurons might contribute to its central aversive property and new treatments targeting the LHb may be beneficial for alcoholism.
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15
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Takase T, Toyoda T, Kobayashi N, Inoue T, Ishijima T, Abe K, Kinoshita H, Tsuchiya Y, Okada S. Dietary iso-α-acids prevent acetaldehyde-induced liver injury through Nrf2-mediated gene expression. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246327. [PMID: 33544749 PMCID: PMC7864453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaldehyde is the major toxic metabolite of alcohol (ethanol) and enhances fibrosis of the liver through hepatic stellate cells. Additionally, alcohol administration causes the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce hepatocyte injury-mediated lipid peroxidation. Iso-α-acids, called isohumulones, are bitter acids in beer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of iso-α-acids against alcoholic liver injury in hepatocytes in mice. C57BL/6N mice were fed diets containing isomerized hop extract, which mainly consists of iso-α-acids. After 7 days of feeding, acetaldehyde was administered by a single intraperitoneal injection. The acetaldehyde-induced increases in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were suppressed by iso-α-acids intake. Hepatic gene expression analyses showed the upregulation of detoxifying enzyme genes, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). In vitro, iso-α-acids upregulated the enzymatic activities of GST and ALDH and induced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nfe2l2; Nrf2), a master regulator of antioxidant and detoxifying systems. These results suggest that iso-α-acid intake prevents acetaldehyde-induced liver injury by reducing oxidative stress via Nrf2-mediated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Takase
- Research and Development Division, SAPPORO HOLDINGS LTD., Yaizu, Shizioka, Japan
- Fundamental Laboratory, POKKA SAPPORO FOOD & BEVERAGE LTD., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsudoi Toyoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kobayashi
- Research and Development Division, SAPPORO HOLDINGS LTD., Yaizu, Shizioka, Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Research and Development Division, SAPPORO HOLDINGS LTD., Yaizu, Shizioka, Japan
- Fundamental Laboratory, POKKA SAPPORO FOOD & BEVERAGE LTD., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishijima
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Abe
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kinoshita
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Research and Development Division, SAPPORO HOLDINGS LTD., Yaizu, Shizioka, Japan
| | - Shinji Okada
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Stowell RD, Majewska AK. Acute ethanol exposure rapidly alters cerebellar and cortical microglial physiology. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 54:5834-5843. [PMID: 32064695 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use is highly prevalent in modern society and ramifications of alcohol abuse pose a large public health concern. Previous work investigating the effects of alcohol exposure on the brain has implicated microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), as critical participants in the brain's response to chronic and developmental ethanol (EtOH) exposure. As rapid sensors of their environment, microglia also have the capacity to rapidly respond to alcohol administration and to contribute to acute effects of alcohol on the brain; however, their acute responses have not been assessed. Here, for the first time, we have examined the acute response of microglia to alcohol intoxication in vivo utilizing two-photon microscopy to assess the dynamics of these motile cells in both visual cortex and the cerebellum of mice. We found that microglia respond rapidly to EtOH exposure with fast changes in morphology, motility, parenchyma surveillance, and injury response. However, regional differences between the responses of cerebellar and cortical microglial populations indicate that subtle differences in microglial physiology may alter their vulnerability to acute alcohol intoxication. Our findings suggest that the longer-term effects of repeated EtOH exposure on microglia may result from repeat acute alterations in microglial physiology by single exposure to alcohol which rapidly alter behavior in specific microglial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne D Stowell
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ania K Majewska
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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17
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Jamal M, Ito A, Tanaka N, Miki T, Ameno K, Kinoshita H. High Ethanol and Acetaldehyde Inhibit Glutamatergic Transmission in the Hippocampus of Aldh2-Knockout and C57BL/6N Mice: an In Vivo and Ex Vivo Analysis. Neurotox Res 2020; 37:702-713. [PMID: 32062779 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether ethanol (EtOH) and acetaldehyde (AcH) can affect glutamate and its receptors GluN1 and GluA1 in the hippocampus of Aldh2-knockout (Aldh2-KO) and C57BL/6N (wild-type (WT)) mice. To do this, we first examined the effect of local administration of EtOH (100 mM, 200 mM, and 500 mM) and AcH (100 μM, 200 μM, and 500 μM) on extracellular glutamate levels in freely moving mice. Retrodialysis of 200 mM and 500 mM EtOH into the hippocampus of WT and Aldh2-KO mice produced significant decreases in extracellular glutamate levels (p < 0.05). A dose of 500 mM EtOH induced a greater decrease in Aldh2-KO mice (p < 0.05) than in WT mice, indicating the action of AcH. Similarly, perfusion of 200 μM and 500 μM AcH decreased glutamate in Aldh2-KO mice (p < 0.05), but this decrease was not seen in WT mice at any AcH dose. Second, we tested whether the EtOH- and AcH-induced decrease in glutamate was associated with decreases in GluN1 and GluA1 expression, as measured by real-time PCR and Western blot. We found a significant decrease in GluN1 (p < 0.05) and GluA1 (p < 0.05) subunits after a high dose of EtOH (4.0 g/kg) and AcH (200 mg/kg) in WT mice. However, a 2.0 g/kg dose of EtOH did not produce a consistent decrease in GluN1 or GluA1 between messenger RNA and protein. In Aldh2-KO mice, all three doses of EtOH (1.0 g/kg, 2.0 g/kg, and 4.0 g/kg) and AcH (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg) decreased GluN1 expression (p < 0.05), while moderate-to-high doses of EtOH (2.0 g/kg and 4.0 g/kg) and AcH (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) decreased GluA1 expression (p < 0.05). Together, these in vivo and ex vivo data suggest that EtOH and AcH decrease extracellular glutamate in the hippocampus of mice with a concomitant decrease in GluN1 and GluA1 subunits, but these effects require relatively high concentrations and may, therefore, explain the consequences of EtOH intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostofa Jamal
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Asuka Ito
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Naoko Tanaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takanori Miki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ameno
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kinoshita
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
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18
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Ren T, Mackowiak B, Lin Y, Gao Y, Niu J, Gao B. Hepatic injury and inflammation alter ethanol metabolism and drinking behavior. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:111070. [PMID: 31870920 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
While liver injury is commonly associated with excessive alcohol consumption, how liver injury affects alcohol metabolism and drinking preference remains unclear. To answer these questions, we measured the expression and activity of alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) enzymes, ethanol and acetaldehyde levels in vivo, and binge-like and preferential drinking behaviors with drinking in the dark and two-bottle choice in animal models with liver injury. Acute and chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and acute LPS-induced liver injury repressed hepatic ALDH2 activity and expression and consequently, blood and liver acetaldehyde concentrations were increased in these models. In addition, chronic CCl4 and acute LPS treatment inhibited hepatic ADH1 expression and activity, leading to increases in blood and liver ethanol concentrations. Consistent with the increase in acetaldehyde levels, alcohol drinking behaviors were reduced in mice with acute or chronic liver injury. Furthermore, oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide attenuated ADH1 and ALDH2 activity post-transcriptionally, while proinflammatory cytokines led to transcriptional repression of ADH1 and ALDH2 in cultured hepatocytes, which correlated with the repression of transcription factor HNF4α. Collectively, our data suggest that alcohol metabolism is suppressed by inflammation and oxidative stress, which is correlated with decreased drinking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Ren
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yuhong Lin
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yanhang Gao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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19
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Joshi AU, Van Wassenhove LD, Logas KR, Minhas PS, Andreasson KI, Weinberg KI, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activity and aldehydic load contribute to neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease related pathology. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:190. [PMID: 31829281 PMCID: PMC6907112 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 deficiency (ALDH2*2) causes facial flushing in response to alcohol consumption in approximately 560 million East Asians. Recent meta-analysis demonstrated the potential link between ALDH2*2 mutation and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Other studies have linked chronic alcohol consumption as a risk factor for AD. In the present study, we show that fibroblasts of an AD patient that also has an ALDH2*2 mutation or overexpression of ALDH2*2 in fibroblasts derived from AD patients harboring ApoE ε4 allele exhibited increased aldehydic load, oxidative stress, and increased mitochondrial dysfunction relative to healthy subjects and exposure to ethanol exacerbated these dysfunctions. In an in vivo model, daily exposure of WT mice to ethanol for 11 weeks resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and increased aldehyde levels in their brains and these pathologies were greater in ALDH2*2/*2 (homozygous) mice. Following chronic ethanol exposure, the levels of the AD-associated protein, amyloid-β, and neuroinflammation were higher in the brains of the ALDH2*2/*2 mice relative to WT. Cultured primary cortical neurons of ALDH2*2/*2 mice showed increased sensitivity to ethanol and there was a greater activation of their primary astrocytes relative to the responses of neurons or astrocytes from the WT mice. Importantly, an activator of ALDH2 and ALDH2*2, Alda-1, blunted the ethanol-induced increases in Aβ, and the neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo. These data indicate that impairment in the metabolism of aldehydes, and specifically ethanol-derived acetaldehyde, is a contributor to AD associated pathology and highlights the likely risk of alcohol consumption in the general population and especially in East Asians that carry ALDH2*2 mutation.
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20
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Targeting liver aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 prevents heavy but not moderate alcohol drinking. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25974-25981. [PMID: 31792171 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908137116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), a key enzyme for detoxification the ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde, is recognized as a promising therapeutic target to treat alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Disulfiram, a potent ALDH2 inhibitor, is an approved drug for the treatment of AUD but has clinical limitations due to its side effects. This study aims to elucidate the relative contribution of different organs in acetaldehyde clearance through ALDH2 by using global- (Aldh2 -/-) and tissue-specific Aldh2-deficient mice, and to examine whether liver-specific ALDH2 inhibition can prevent alcohol-seeking behavior. Aldh2 -/- mice showed markedly higher acetaldehyde concentrations than wild-type (WT) mice after acute ethanol gavage. Acetaldehyde levels in hepatocyte-specific Aldh2 knockout (Aldh2 Hep-/-) mice were significantly higher than those in WT mice post gavage, but did not reach the levels observed in Aldh2 -/- mice. Energy expenditure and motility were dramatically dampened in Aldh2 -/- mice, but moderately decreased in Aldh2 Hep-/- mice compared to controls. In the 2-bottle paradigm and the drinking-in-the-dark model, Aldh2 -/- mice drank negligible volumes from ethanol-containing bottles, whereas Aldh2 Hep-/- mice showed reduced alcohol preference at high but not low alcohol concentrations. Glial cell- or neuron-specific Aldh2 deficiency did not affect voluntary alcohol consumption. Finally, specific liver Aldh2 knockdown via injection of shAldh2 markedly decreased alcohol preference. In conclusion, although the liver is the major organ responsible for acetaldehyde metabolism, a cumulative effect of ALDH2 from other organs likely also contributes to systemic acetaldehyde clearance. Liver-targeted ALDH2 inhibition can decrease heavy drinking without affecting moderate drinking, providing molecular basis for hepatic ALDH2 targeting/editing for the treatment of AUD.
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21
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Jin L, Lorkiewicz P, Malovichko MV, Bhatnagar A, Srivastava S, Conklin DJ. Acetaldehyde Induces an Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation of Superior Mesenteric Artery: Potential Role in Postprandial Hyperemia. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1315. [PMID: 31695624 PMCID: PMC6817488 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaldehyde (AA) is a small, ubiquitous compound present in foods, beverages, as a gas phase combustion product, and also endogenously generated from metabolism as from ethanol (EtOH). Acetate is a short chain fatty acid derived from AA oxidation, and acetate levels were significantly higher in urine collected overnight with food provided ad libitum compared with urine collected after 9 h fasting. Feeding increases gastrointestinal blood flow, and thus, we explored the direct effects of AA (and acetate) in isolated murine superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Over the concentration range of 1–100 mM, AA strongly, and reversibly relaxed agonist-induced contractions of SMA including phenylephrine (PE), thromboxane A2 analog (U46,619) and high potassium (High K+) without toxicity. The sensitivity (EC50) but not the efficacy (>90% relaxation of PE-precontraction) of AA-induced relaxations was dependent on blood vessel (SMA was 3× more sensitive than aorta) and contractile agonist (PE EC50 = 3.3 ± 0.4 mM; U46,619 EC50 = 14.9 ± 1.5 mM; and High K+ EC50 = 17.7 ± 0.5 mM) yet independent of circadian cycle and sex. The most sensitive component of the AA-induced relaxation was inhibited significantly by: (1) a mechanically impaired endothelium; (2) nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NAME); and (3) a guanylyl cyclase (GC) inhibitor (ODQ). Both acetate and EtOH stimulated much weaker relaxations in SMA than did AA, yet these relaxations were significantly inhibited by L-NAME as well. Neither EtOH nor acetate relaxed pre-contracted aorta. Although neither cyanamide, a non-specific aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme inhibitor, nor Alda-1, a specific activator of ALDH2 activity, had any effect on either sensitivity or efficacy of AA-induced relaxation in SMA, cyanamide significantly blocked both EtOH- and acetate-induced relaxations in SMA implicating a role of ALDH activity in vasorelaxation. These data show that AA relaxes SMA via an endothelium- and NO-dependent mechanism indicating that AA may be one component of the complex post-prandial hyperemia reflex via vasodilatation of mesenteric vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexiao Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Marina V Malovichko
- Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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22
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Gao Y, Zhou Z, Ren T, Kim SJ, He Y, Seo W, Guillot A, Ding Y, Wu R, Shao S, Wang X, Zhang H, Wang W, Feng D, Xu M, Han E, Zhong W, Zhou Z, Pacher P, Niu J, Gao B. Alcohol inhibits T-cell glucose metabolism and hepatitis in ALDH2-deficient mice and humans: roles of acetaldehyde and glucocorticoids. Gut 2019; 68:1311-1322. [PMID: 30121625 PMCID: PMC6582747 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), a key enzyme to detoxify acetaldehyde in the liver, exists in both active and inactive forms in humans. Individuals with inactive ALDH2 accumulate acetaldehyde after alcohol consumption. However, how acetaldehyde affects T-cell hepatitis remains unknown. DESIGN Wild-type (WT) and Aldh2 knockout (Aldh2-/-) mice were subjected to chronic ethanol feeding and concanavalin A (ConA)-induced T-cell hepatitis. Effects of acetaldehyde on T-cell glucose metabolism were investigated in vitro. Human subjects were recruited for binge drinking and plasma cortisol and corticosterone measurement. RESULTS Ethanol feeding exacerbated ConA-induced hepatitis in WT mice but surprisingly attenuated it in Aldh2-/- mice despite higher acetaldehyde levels in Aldh2-/- mice. Elevation of serum cytokines and their downstream signals in the liver post-ConA injection was attenuated in ethanol-fed Aldh2-/- mice compared to WT mice. In vitro exposure to acetaldehyde inhibited ConA-induced production of several cytokines without affecting their mRNAs in mouse splenocytes. Acetaldehyde also attenuated interferon-γ production in phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral lymphocytes. Mechanistically, acetaldehyde interfered with glucose metabolism in T cells by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis-related signal pathways. Finally, compared to WT mice, ethanol-fed Aldh2-/- mice had higher levels of serum corticosterone, a well-known factor that inhibits aerobic glycolysis. Blockade of corticosterone partially restored ConA-mediated hepatitis in ethanol-fed Aldh2-/- mice. Acute alcohol drinking elevated plasma cortisol and corticosterone levels in human subjects with higher levels in those with inactive ALDH2 than those with active ALDH2. CONCLUSIONS ALDH2 deficiency is associated with elevated acetaldehyde and glucocorticoids post-alcohol consumption, thereby inhibiting T-cell activation and hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhang Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tianyi Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Seung-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanhua Ding
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruihong Wu
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Shao
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elaine Han
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zhong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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23
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Marshall S, Chen Y, Singh S, Berrios-Carcamo P, Heit C, Apostolopoulos N, Golla JP, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Engineered Animal Models Designed for Investigating Ethanol Metabolism, Toxicity and Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1032:203-221. [PMID: 30362100 PMCID: PMC6743736 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98788-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of alcohol is a leading cause of lifestyle-induced morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although long-term alcohol abuse has been shown to be detrimental to the liver, brain and many other organs, our understanding of the exact molecular mechanisms by which this occurs is still limited. In tissues, ethanol is metabolized to acetaldehyde (mainly by alcohol dehydrogenase and cytochrome p450 2E1) and subsequently to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenases. Intracellular generation of free radicals and depletion of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) are believed to be key steps involved in the cellular pathogenic events caused by ethanol. With continued excessive alcohol consumption, further tissue damage can result from the production of cellular protein and DNA adducts caused by accumulating ethanol-derived aldehydes. Much of our understanding about the pathophysiological consequences of ethanol metabolism comes from genetically-engineered mouse models of ethanol-induced tissue injury. In this review, we provide an update on the current understanding of important mouse models in which ethanol-metabolizing and GSH-synthesizing enzymes have been manipulated to investigate alcohol-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Marshall
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Surendra Singh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pablo Berrios-Carcamo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claire Heit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Apostolopoulos
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaya Prakash Golla
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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24
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Ito A, Jamal M, Ameno K, Tanaka N, Takakura A, Kawamoto T, Kitagawa K, Nakayama K, Matsumoto A, Miki T, Kinoshita H. Acetaldehyde administration induces salsolinol formation in vivo in the dorsal striatum of Aldh2-knockout and C57BL/6N mice. Neurosci Lett 2018; 685:50-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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25
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Jamal M, Ito A, Tanaka N, Miki T, Takakura A, Suzuki S, Ameno K, Kinoshita H. The Role of Apolipoprotein E and Ethanol Exposure in Age-Related Changes in Choline Acetyltransferase and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the Mouse Hippocampus. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 65:84-92. [PMID: 29717403 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of apolipoprotein E (APOE) is responsible for age-dependent neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Elderly individuals are more sensitive than young individuals to the effects of ethanol (EtOH), particularly those affecting cognition. We investigated the role of APOE deficiency and EtOH exposure on age-dependent alterations in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and protein expression in the mouse hippocampus. Three-month-old (young) and 12-month-old (aged) ApoE-knockout (ApoE-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with saline or 2 g/kg EtOH, and the bilateral hippocampus was collected after 60 min for real-time PCR and western blotting analyses. ChAT (P < 0.01) and BDNF (P < 0.01) expression were significantly decreased in both young and aged saline- and EtOH-treated ApoE-KO mice versus young and aged saline- and EtOH-treated WT mice. Aged saline- and EtOH-treated ApoE-KO mice exhibited greater differences in ChAT and BDNF expression (P < 0.01) than young saline- and EtOH-treated ApoE-KO mice. Aged EtOH-treated WT mice also exhibited larger decreases in BDNF expression (P < 0.01)-but not in ChAT expression-than young EtOH-treated WT mice. EtOH decreased ChAT and BDNF expression in both young (P < 0.01) and aged (P < 0.01) ApoE-KO mice versus EtOH-free ApoE-KO mice of the same age. EtOH also decreased BDNF expression in aged (P < 0.01) WT mice versus EtOH-free aged WT mice. In summary, these results suggest that APOE deficiency and EtOH exposure cause age-dependent decreases in ChAT and BDNF in the hippocampus. Importantly, the decreases in ChAT and BDNF were greater in aged EtOH-treated mice, particularly those lacking APOE, raising the possibility that APOE-deficient individuals who consume alcohol may be at greater risk of memory deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostofa Jamal
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Asuka Ito
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Naoko Tanaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takanori Miki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita, Japan
| | - Ayaka Takakura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ameno
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kinoshita
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
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26
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Enrico P, Diana M. On the Accuracy of In Vivo Ethanol and Acetaldehyde Monitoring, a Key Tile in the Puzzle of Acetaldehyde as a Neuroactive Agent. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:97. [PMID: 28611604 PMCID: PMC5447755 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years researchers have explored the postulated role of acetaldehyde (ACD) as a mediator of some of the actions of ethanol (EtOH) in the central nervous system (CNS). However, efforts have been hampered mainly by the difficulty of directly measuring in vivo EtOH and ACD levels in the CNS and thus, our knowledge is based on indirect evidences. Although technically challenging, the development of reliable methods for in vivo measurement of ACD and EtOH is of paramount importance to solve the “puzzle of acetaldehyde as a neuroactive agent.” In this short review we discuss the recent advances on brain EtOH pharmacokinetic and state-of-the-art available techniques that could be used for in vivo detect EtOH and ACD both non-invasively (magnetic resonance spectroscopy), and invasively (microdialysis and biosensors). Among the different in vivo sampling techniques described, particular emphasis is paid to the field of enzyme-based amperometric biosensors. Biosensors have gained much attention in recent years for their ability to online monitor biological signals in vivo, and several micro- and nano-structured devices have been successfully used for in vivo studies. Owing to their high temporal and spatial resolution, biosensors could provide the adequate technology for studying in vivo EtOH pharmacokinetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Enrico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of SassariSassari, Italy
| | - Marco Diana
- 'G. Minardi' Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of SassariSassari, Italy
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27
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Rattray NJW, Charkoftaki G, Rattray Z, Hansen JE, Vasiliou V, Johnson CH. Environmental influences in the etiology of colorectal cancer: the premise of metabolomics. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 3:114-125. [PMID: 28642837 PMCID: PMC5475285 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review we discuss how environmental exposures predominate the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC). With CRC being a personalized disease influenced by genes and environment, our goal was to explore the role metabolomics can play in identifying exposures, assessing the interplay between co-exposures, and the development of personalized therapeutic interventions. RECENT FINDINGS Approximately 10 % of CRC cases can be explained by germ-line mutations, whereas the prevailing majority are caused by an initiating exposure event occurring decades prior to diagnosis. Recent research has shown that dietary metabolites are linked to a procarcinogenic or protective environment in the colon which is modulated by the microbiome. In addition, excessive alcohol has been shown to increase the risk of CRC and is dependent on diet (folate), the response of microbiome, and genetic polymorphisms within the folate and alcohol metabolic pathways. Metabolomics can not only be used to identify this modulation of host metabolism, which could affect the progression of the tumors but also response to targeted therapeutics. SUMMARY This review highlights the current understanding of the multifaceted etiology and mechanisms of CRC development but also highlights where the field of metabolomics can contribute to a greater understanding of environmental exposure in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. W. Rattray
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA, 06520
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA, 06520
| | - Zahra Rattray
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Yale University, CT, USA 06520
| | - James E. Hansen
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Yale University, CT, USA 06520
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA 06520
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA, 06520
| | - Caroline H. Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA, 06520
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28
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Ethanol-Sensitive Pacemaker Neurons in the Mouse External Globus Pallidus. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1070-1081. [PMID: 27827370 PMCID: PMC5506786 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although ethanol is one of the most widely used drugs, we still lack a full understanding of which neuronal subtypes are affected by this drug. Pacemaker neurons exert powerful control over brain circuit function, but little is known about ethanol effects on these types of neurons. Neurons in the external globus pallidus (GPe) generate pacemaker activity that controls basal ganglia, circuitry associated with habitual and compulsive drug use. We performed patch-clamp recordings from GPe neurons and found that bath application of ethanol dose-dependently decreased the firing rate of low-frequency GPe neurons, but did not alter the firing of high-frequency neurons. GABA or glutamate receptor antagonists did not block the ethanol effect. The GPe is comprised of a heterogeneous population of neurons. We used Lhx6-EGFP and Npas1-tdTm mice strains to identify low-frequency neurons. Lhx6 and Npas1 neurons exhibited decreased firing with ethanol, but only Npas1 neurons were sensitive to 10 mM ethanol. Large-conductance voltage and Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel have a key role in the ethanol effect on GPe neurons, as the application of BK channel inhibitors blocked the ethanol-induced firing decrease. Ethanol also increased BK channel open probability measured in single-channel recordings from Npas1-tdTm neurons. In addition, in vivo electrophysiological recordings from GPe showed that ethanol decreased the firing of a large subset of low-frequency neurons. These findings indicate how selectivity of ethanol effects on pacemaker neurons can occur, and enhance our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to acute ethanol effects on the basal ganglia.
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29
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Brancato A, Lavanco G, Cavallaro A, Plescia F, Cannizzaro C. Acetaldehyde, Motivation and Stress: Behavioral Evidence of an Addictive ménage à trois. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:23. [PMID: 28232795 PMCID: PMC5299001 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaldehyde (ACD) contributes to alcohol's psychoactive effects through its own rewarding properties. Recent studies shed light on the behavioral correlates of ACD administration and the possible interactions with key neurotransmitters for motivation, reward and stress-related response, such as dopamine and endocannabinoids. This mini review article critically examines ACD psychoactive properties, focusing on behavioral investigations able to unveil ACD motivational effects and their pharmacological modulation in vivo. Similarly to alcohol, rats spontaneously drink ACD, whose presence is detected in the brain following chronic self-administration paradigm. ACD motivational properties are demonstrated by operant paradigms tailored to model several drug-related behaviors, such as induction and maintenance of operant self-administration, extinction, relapse and punishment resistance. ACD-related addictive-like behaviors are sensitive to pharmacological manipulations of dopamine and endocannabinoid signaling. Interestingly, the ACD-dopamine-endocannabinoids relationship also contributes to neuroplastic alterations of the NPYergic system, a stress-related peptide critically involved in alcohol abuse. The understanding of the ménage-a-trois among ACD, reward- and stress-related circuits holds promising potential for the development of novel pharmacological approaches aimed at reducing alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brancato
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lavanco
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Cavallaro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Fulvio Plescia
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Cannizzaro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
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