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Zuzarte M, Sousa C, Alves-Silva J, Salgueiro L. Plant Monoterpenes and Essential Oils as Potential Anti-Ageing Agents: Insights from Preclinical Data. Biomedicines 2024; 12:365. [PMID: 38397967 PMCID: PMC10886757 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a natural process characterized by a time-dependent decline of physiological integrity that compromises functionality and inevitably leads to death. This decline is also quite relevant in major human pathologies, being a primary risk factor in neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases and musculoskeletal disorders. Bearing this in mind, it is not surprising that research aiming at improving human health during this process has burst in the last decades. Importantly, major hallmarks of the ageing process and phenotype have been identified, this knowledge being quite relevant for future studies towards the identification of putative pharmaceutical targets, enabling the development of preventive/therapeutic strategies to improve health and longevity. In this context, aromatic plants have emerged as a source of potential bioactive volatile molecules, mainly monoterpenes, with many studies referring to their anti-ageing potential. Nevertheless, an integrated review on the current knowledge is lacking, with several research approaches studying isolated ageing hallmarks or referring to an overall anti-ageing effect, without depicting possible mechanisms of action. Herein, we aim to provide an updated systematization of the bioactive potential of volatile monoterpenes on recently proposed ageing hallmarks, and highlight the main mechanisms of action already identified, as well as possible chemical entity-activity relations. By gathering and categorizing the available scattered information, we also aim to identify important research gaps that could help pave the way for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Zuzarte
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.A.-S.); (L.S.)
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cátia Sousa
- iNOVA4HEALTH, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS/FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1159-056 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Centro Clínico e Académico de Lisboa, 1156-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Alves-Silva
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.A.-S.); (L.S.)
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.A.-S.); (L.S.)
- Univ Coimbra, Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability (CERES), Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Sharma H, Yang H, Sharma N, An SSA. Trachyspermum ammi Bioactives Promote Neuroprotection by Inhibiting Acetylcholinesterase, Aβ-Oligomerization/Fibrilization, and Mitigating Oxidative Stress In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:9. [PMID: 38275629 PMCID: PMC10812417 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a large category of progressive neurological disorders with diverse clinical and pathological characteristics. Among the NDs, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread disease, which affects more than 400 million people globally. Oxidative stress is evident in the pathophysiology of nearly all NDs by affecting several pathways in neurodegeneration. No single drug can manage multi-faceted diseases like NDs. Therefore, an alternative therapeutic strategy is required, which can affect several pathophysiological pathways at a time. To achieve this aim, hexane and ethyl acetate extract from Trachyspermum ammi (Carom) were prepared, and GC/MS identified the bioactive compounds. For the cell-based assays, oxidative stress was induced in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells using hydrogen peroxide to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of the Carom extracts/bioactives. The extracts/bioactives provided neuroprotection in the cells by modulating multiple pathways involved in neurodegeneration, such as alleviating oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane potential. They were potent inhibitors of acetylcholine esterase enzymes and displayed competitive/mixed-type inhibition. Additionally, anti-Aβ1-42 fibrilization/oligomerization and anti-glycation activities were also analyzed. The multi-faceted neuroprotection shown via Carom/Carvacrol makes it a prospective contender in drug development for NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Hoca M, Becer E, Vatansever HS. Carvacrol is potential molecule for diabetes treatment. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-8. [PMID: 38019023 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2288537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is an important chronic disease that can lead to various negative consequences and complications. In recent years, several new alternative treatments have been developed to improve diabetes. Carvacrol found in essential oils of numerous plant species and has crucial potential effects on diabetes. The anti-diabetic effects of carvacrol have also been comprehensively studied in diabetic animal and cell models. In addition, carvacrol could improve diabetes through affecting diabetes-related enzymes, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The use of carvacrol alone or in combination with anti-diabetic therapies could show a significant potential effect in the treatment of diabetes. This review contributes an overview of the effect of carvacrol in diabetes and anti-diabetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Hoca
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Eda Becer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hafize Seda Vatansever
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin, Turkey
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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Caputo L, Amato G, De Martino L, De Feo V, Nazzaro F. Anti-Cholinesterase and Anti-α-Amylase Activities and Neuroprotective Effects of Carvacrol and p-Cymene and Their Effects on Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076073. [PMID: 37047044 PMCID: PMC10093841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Several researchers have demonstrated the health and pharmacological properties of carvacrol and p-cymene, monoterpenes of aromatic plants. This study investigated these compounds' possible anti-cholinesterase, anti-α-amylase, and neuroprotective effects. We evaluated the anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-α-amylase activities at different concentrations of the compounds. The maximum non-toxic dose of carvacrol and p-cymene against SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells was determined using an MTT assay. The neuroprotective effects of the compounds were evaluated on H2O2-induced stress in SH-SY5Y cells, studying the expression of caspase-3 using Western blotting assays. Carvacrol showed inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 3.8 µg/mL) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 32.7 µg/mL). Instead, the anti-α-amylase activity of carvacrol resulted in an IC50 value of 171.2 μg/mL After a pre-treatment with the maximum non-toxic dose of carvacrol and p-cymene, the expression of caspase-3 was reduced compared to cells treated with H2O2 alone. Carvacrol and p-cymene showed in vitro anti-enzymatic properties, and may act as neuroprotective agents against oxidative stress. Further studies are necessary to elucidate their possible use as coadjutants in preventing and treating AD in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Laura De Martino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR-ISA, Via Roma, 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR-ISA, Via Roma, 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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Brasil FB, de Almeida FJS, Luckachaki MD, Dall'Oglio EL, de Oliveira MR. The isothiocyanate sulforaphane prevents mitochondrial impairment and neuroinflammation in the human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y and in the mouse microglial BV2 cells: role for heme oxygenase-1. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:419-435. [PMID: 35469083 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00990-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) promotes protective effects in different cell types. Nonetheless, it remains to be clarified by which mechanism SFN exerts benefits in mammalian cells. Mitochondria are a major source of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive species in nucleated cells. Mitochondrial impairment result in cellular redox biology disruption, bioenergetic status collapse, and inflammation. Evidence suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in neurological disorders. Since a cure was not discovered yet to some of these diseases, investigating strategies to promote mitochondrial protection is pharmacologically relevant and may improve life quality of patients suffering from these maladies. Natural molecules, such as SFN, are potent inducers of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and, consequently, stimulate the expression of genes whose products, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), induce cytoprotective actions in mammalian tissues. In this work, we investigated whether SFN (5 µM) would be capable to prevent the dysfunctions caused by chlorpyrifos (CPF) on the human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, we examined the effects of a pretreatment with SFN at the same concentration on the mouse microglial BV2 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in an experimental model of neuroinflammation. SFN prevented the mitochondrial impairment and the neuroinflammation caused by the chemical stressors in both cell types. Inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) suppressed the mitochondrial protection and anti-inflammatory action afforded by SFN in this experimental model. Overall, SFN promoted cytoprotection by a mechanism dependent on the HO-1 enzyme in the SH-SY5Y and BV2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Bittencourt Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Campus Universitário de Rio das Ostras-Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fhelipe Jolner Souza de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiaba, MT, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudos Em Neuroquímica E Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, MT, CEP 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Dargesso Luckachaki
- Grupo de Estudos Em Neuroquímica E Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, MT, CEP 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Luiz Dall'Oglio
- Grupo de Estudos Em Neuroquímica E Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, MT, CEP 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Grupo de Estudos Em Neuroquímica E Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, MT, CEP 78060-900, Brazil.
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Islam F, Bepary S, Nafady MH, Islam MR, Emran TB, Sultana S, Huq MA, Mitra S, Chopra H, Sharma R, Sweilam SH, Khandaker MU, Idris AM. Polyphenols Targeting Oxidative Stress in Spinal Cord Injury: Current Status and Future Vision. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8741787. [PMID: 36046682 PMCID: PMC9423984 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8741787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs when the spinal cord is deteriorated or traumatized, leading to motor and sensory functions lost even totally or partially. An imbalance within the generation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense levels results in oxidative stress (OS) and neuroinflammation. After SCI, OS and occurring pathways of inflammations are significant strenuous drivers of cross-linked dysregulated pathways. It emphasizes the significance of multitarget therapy in combating SCI consequences. Polyphenols, which are secondary metabolites originating from plants, have the promise to be used as alternative therapeutic agents to treat SCI. Secondary metabolites have activity on neuroinflammatory, neuronal OS, and extrinsic axonal dysregulated pathways during the early stages of SCI. Experimental and clinical investigations have noted the possible importance of phenolic compounds as important phytochemicals in moderating upstream dysregulated OS/inflammatory signaling mediators and axonal regeneration's extrinsic pathways after the SCI probable significance of phenolic compounds as important phytochemicals in mediating upstream dysregulated OS/inflammatory signaling mediators. Furthermore, combining polyphenols could be a way to lessen the effects of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sristy Bepary
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mohamed H. Nafady
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Sharifa Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Amdadul Huq
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo-Suez Road, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abubakr M. Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
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Carvacrol protects the ARPE19 retinal pigment epithelial cells against high glucose-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation by suppressing the TRPM2 channel signaling pathways. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 260:2567-2583. [PMID: 35704089 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The concentration of plasma high glucose (HGu) in diabetes mellitus (DM) induces the retinal pigment epithelial cell (ARPE19) death via the increase of inflammation, cytosolic (cytROS), and mitochondrial (mitROS) free oxygen radical generations. Transient potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) cation channel is stimulated by cytROS and mitROS. Hence, the cytROS and mitROS-mediated excessive Ca2+ influxes via the stimulation of TRPM2 channel cause to the induction of DM-mediated retina oxidative cytotoxicity. Because of the antioxidant role of carvacrol (CRV), it may modulate oxidative cytotoxicity via the attenuation of TRPM2 in the ARPE19. We aimed to investigate the modulator action of CRV treatment on the HGu-mediated TRPM2 stimulation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the ARPE19 cell model. MATERIAL AND METHODS The ARPE19 cells were divided into four groups as normal glucose (NGu), NGu + Carv, HGu, and HGu + CRV. RESULTS The levels of cell death (propidium iodide/Hoechst rate) and apoptosis markers (caspases 3, 8, and 9), cytokine generations (IL-1β and TNF-α), ROS productions (cytROS, mitROS, and lipid peroxidation), TRPM2 currents, and intracellular free Ca2+ (Fluo/3) were increased in the HGu group after the stimulations of hydrogen peroxide and ADP-ribose, although their levels were diminished via upregulation of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase by the treatments of CRV and TRPM2 blockers. CONCLUSION Current results confirmed that the HGu-induced overload Ca2+ influx and oxidative retinal toxicity in the ARPE19 cells were induced by the stimulation of TRPM2, although they were modulated via the inhibition of TRPM2 by CRV. CRV may be noted as a potential therapeutic antioxidant to the TRPM2 activation-mediated retinal oxidative injury.
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Fakhri S, Abbaszadeh F, Moradi SZ, Cao H, Khan H, Xiao J. Effects of Polyphenols on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Interconnected Pathways during Spinal Cord Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8100195. [PMID: 35035667 PMCID: PMC8759836 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the progression in targeting the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and spinal cord injury (SCI), there is a lack of effective treatments. Moreover, conventional therapies suffer from associated side effects and low efficacy, raising the need for finding potential alternative therapies. In this regard, a comprehensive review was done regarding revealing the main neurological dysregulated pathways and providing alternative therapeutic agents following SCI. From the mechanistic point, oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways are major upstream orchestras of cross-linked dysregulated pathways (e.g., apoptosis, autophagy, and extrinsic mechanisms) following SCI. It urges the need for developing multitarget therapies against SCI complications. Polyphenols, as plant-derived secondary metabolites, have the potential of being introduced as alternative therapeutic agents to pave the way for treating SCI. Such secondary metabolites presented modulatory effects on neuronal oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory, and extrinsic axonal dysregulated pathways in the onset and progression of SCI. In the present review, the potential role of phenolic compounds as critical phytochemicals has also been revealed in regulating upstream dysregulated oxidative stress/inflammatory signaling mediators and extrinsic mechanisms of axonal regeneration after SCI in preclinical and clinical studies. Additionally, the coadministration of polyphenols and stem cells has shown a promising strategy for improving post-SCI complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Hui Cao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Ren M, Lin DZ, Liu ZP, Sun K, Wang C, Lao GJ, Fan YQ, Wang XY, Liu J, Du J, Zhu GB, Wang JH, Yan L. Potential Novel Serum Metabolic Markers Associated With Progression of Prediabetes to Overt Diabetes in a Chinese Population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 12:745214. [PMID: 35069433 PMCID: PMC8766640 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.745214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying the metabolite profile of individuals with prediabetes who turned to type 2 diabetes (T2D) may give novel insights into early T2D interception. The purpose of this study was to identify metabolic markers that predict the development of T2D from prediabetes in a Chinese population. Methods We used an untargeted metabolomics approach to investigate the associations between serum metabolites and risk of prediabetes who turned to overt T2D (n=153, mean follow up 5 years) in a Chinese population (REACTION study). Results were compared with matched controls who had prediabetes at baseline [age: 56 ± 7 years old, body mass index (BMI): 24.2 ± 2.8 kg/m2] and at a 5-year follow-up [age: 61 ± 7 years old, BMI: 24.5 ± 3.1 kg/m2]. Confounding factors were adjusted and the associations between metabolites and diabetes risk were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression analysis. A 10-fold cross-validation random forest classification (RFC) model was used to select the optimal metabolites panels for predicting the development of diabetes, and to internally validate the discriminatory capability of the selected metabolites beyond conventional clinical risk factors. Findings Metabolic alterations, including those associated with amino acid and lipid metabolism, were associated with an increased risk of prediabetes progressing to diabetes. The most important metabolites were inosine [odds ratio (OR) = 19.00; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.23-85.37] and carvacrol (OR = 17.63; 95% CI: 4.98-62.34). Thirteen metabolites were found to improve T2D risk prediction beyond eight conventional T2D risk factors [area under the curve (AUC) was 0.98 for risk factors + metabolites vs 0.72 for risk factors, P < 0.05]. Interpretations Use of the metabolites identified in this study may help determine patients with prediabetes who are at highest risk of progressing to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Diao zhu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Peng Liu
- Biotree-Shanghai, Focus Dream Park, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo juan Lao
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan qun Fan
- Biotree-Shanghai, Focus Dream Park, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao yi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Du
- Biotree-Shanghai, Focus Dream Park, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo bin Zhu
- Biotree-Shanghai, Focus Dream Park, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia huan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Yin L, Fan SJ, Zhang MN. Protective Effects of Anthocyanins Extracted from Vaccinium Uliginosum on 661W Cells Against Microwave-Induced Retinal Damage. Chin J Integr Med 2021; 28:620-626. [PMID: 34755291 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the protective effect of anthocyanins extracted from Vaccinium Uliginosum (VU) on retinal 661W cells against microwave radiation induced retinal injury. METHODS 661W cells were divided into 6 groups, including control, model [661W cells radiated by microwave (30 mW/cm2, 1 h)] and VU groups [661W cells pretreated with anthocyanins extracted from VU (25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL, respectively) for 48 h, and radiated by microwave 30 mW/cm2, 1 h]. After treatment with different interventions, the cell apoptosis index (AI) was determined using Heochst staining; contents of malonaldehyde (MDA), glutataione (GSH), and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. mRNA expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) were detected by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of HO-1 protein was examined by Western blot analysis. Nucleus and cytoplasm were separated and Nrf2 protein expression was further verified by Western blot analysis. RESULTS There was significant difference in AI among the groups (F=322.83, P<;0.05). Compared with the control group, AI was significantly higher in the model group and was lower in 4 VU-pretreated groups (P<;0.05). Linear regression analysis showed the decline of AI was in a dose-dependent manner with VU treatment (r=0.8419, P<;0.05). The MDA and GSH contents of 661W cells in VU-treated groups were significantly lower than the model group (P<;0.05). Compared with the model group, the SOD activity in the VU-treated groups (50, 100 and 200 µg/mL) was significantly higher (all P<;0.05). The Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA expressions were slightly increased after irradiation, and obviously increased in 100 µg/mL VU-treated group. After irradiation, the relative expressions of HO-1 and Nrf2 proteins in nucleus were slightly increased (P<;0.05), and the changes in cytoplasm were not obvious, whereas it was significantly increased in both nucleus and cytoplasm in the VU treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Anthocyanins extracted from VU could reduce apoptosis, stabilize cell membrane, and alleviate oxidant injury of mouse retinal photoreceptor 661W cells. The mechanism might be through activating Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway and inducing HO-1 transcription and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Si-Jun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, PLA Rocket Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Mao-Nian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Bhurtel S, Bok E, Katila N, Kim J, Choi DY. Activation of Nrf2 by methylene blue is associated with the neuroprotection against MPP + induced toxicity via ameliorating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114719. [PMID: 34352280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the preferential loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and presence of Lewy bodies in the dying neurons. Though specific molecular mechanisms for the neurodegeneration remains to be clarified, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress are major players associated with PD pathogenesis and these pathogenic mechanisms can be reproduced in cells and animals by application of various neurotoxins such as MPP+. In this study, we attempted to determine the neuroprotective effects of methylene blue (MB) against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced neurotoxicity, and to elucidate its action mechanism. We observed that MB attenuated MPP+-induced apoptotic cell death in SH-SY5Y cells and the mescencephalic dopaminergic neurons. In addition, MB protected the cells against MPP+-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction as evidenced by restoration of mitochondrial complex I activity and ATP levels, and attenuation of oxidative stress. Moreover, we demonstrated that MB induced antioxidant molecules, and activated Nrf2 pathway through AKT activation. These results indicate that MB protects the neurons from MPP+-induced toxicity through activation of antioxidant system, thereby reducing the oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment, implying the potential use of MB in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Bhurtel
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Bok
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Nikita Katila
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekwang Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Bouyahya A, Guaouguaou FE, El Omari N, El Menyiy N, Balahbib A, El-Shazly M, Bakri Y. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Moroccan medicinal plants: Phytochemistry, in vitro and in vivo investigations, mechanism insights, clinical evidences and perspectives. J Pharm Anal 2021; 12:35-57. [PMID: 35573886 PMCID: PMC9073245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Moroccan medicinal plants exhibit several pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects, which are related to the presence of numerous bioactive compounds, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. In the present review, we systematically evaluate previously published reports on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Moroccan medicinal plants. The in vitro investigations revealed that Moroccan medicinal plants inhibit several enzymes related to inflammatory processes, whereas in vivo studies noted significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects as demonstrated using different experimental models. Various bioactive compounds exhibiting in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, with diverse mechanisms of action, have been identified. Some plants and their bioactive compounds reveal specific secondary metabolites that possess important anti-inflammatory effects in clinical investigations. Our review proposes the potential applications of Moroccan medicinal plants as sources of anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Moroccan medicinal plants were highlighted. Chemical nature of Moroccan medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects was reported. Insights into anti-inflammatory mechanisms of bioactive compounds were highlighted. Toxicological investigations of Moroccan medicinal plants were reviewed.
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13
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Cui G, Li Z, Cao F, Li P, Jin M, Hou S, Yang X, Mu Y, Peng C, Shao H, Du Z. Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway attenuates ROS-mediated autophagy induced by silica nanoparticles in H9c2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1389-1401. [PMID: 33764603 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) as one of the most productive nano-powder, has been extensively applied in various fields. There has been increasing concern about the adverse effects of SiNPs on the health of ecological organisms and human. The potential cardiovascular toxicity of SiNPs and involved mechanisms remain elusive. Hence, in this study, we investigated the cardiovascular toxicity of SiNPs (60 nm) and explored the underlying mechanisms using H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Results showed that SiNPs induced oxidative stress and activated the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway. Autophagy was also activated by SiNPs. Interestingly, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC)attenuated autophagy after inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, down-regulation of Nrf2 enhanced autophagy. In summary, these data indicated that SiNPs induce autophagy in H9c2 cardiomyocytes through oxidative stress, and the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway has a negative regulatory effect on autophagy. This study provides new evidence for the cardiovascular toxicity of SiNPs and provides a reference for the safe use of nanomaterials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Feifei Cao
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Minghua Jin
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shanshan Hou
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yingwen Mu
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hua Shao
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Zhongjun Du
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
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Brasil FB, Bertolini Gobbo RC, Souza de Almeida FJ, Luckachaki MD, Dall'Oglio EL, de Oliveira MR. The signaling pathway PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 plays a role in the mitochondrial protection promoted by astaxanthin in the SH-SY5Y cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105024. [PMID: 33775716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondria are the major source of reactive species in the mammalian cells. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a potent inducer of redox impairment by a mechanism, at least in part, dependent on its ability to impair mitochondrial function. H2O2 plays an important role in several pathological conditions, including neurodegeneration and cardiovascular diseases. Astaxanthin (AST) is a xanthophyll that may be found in microalgae, crustaceans, and salmon and exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in different cell types. Even though there is evidence pointing to a role for AST as mitochondrial protectant agent, it was not clearly demonstrated how this xanthophyll attenuates mitochondrial stress. Therefore, we investigated here whether and how AST would be able to prevent the H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. We found that AST (20 μM) prevented the H2O2-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and decrease in the activity of the Complexes I and V. AST pretreatment blocked the mitochondria-related pro-apoptotic effects elicited by H2O2. AST upregulated the enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by a mechanism dependent on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt or of the HO-1 enzyme abolished the AST-induced mitochondrial protection in cells challenged with H2O2. Silencing of Nrf2 caused similar effects. Thus, we suggest that AST promotes mitochondrial protection by a mechanism dependent on the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Bittencourt Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Campus Universitário de Rio das Ostras - Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rênata Cristina Bertolini Gobbo
- Grupo de Estudos em Terapia Mitocondrial, Departamento de Bioquímica "Tuiskon Dick", Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 (Anexo), CEP 90035-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica "Tuiskon Dick", Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fhelipe Jolner Souza de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiaba, MT, Brazil; Grupo de Estudos em Neuroquímica e Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil
| | - Matheus Dargesso Luckachaki
- Grupo de Estudos em Neuroquímica e Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil
| | - Evandro Luiz Dall'Oglio
- Grupo de Estudos em Neuroquímica e Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Grupo de Estudos em Terapia Mitocondrial, Departamento de Bioquímica "Tuiskon Dick", Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 (Anexo), CEP 90035-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica "Tuiskon Dick", Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Grupo de Estudos em Neuroquímica e Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil.
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15
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Ali AM, Kunugi H. Apitherapy for Parkinson's Disease: A Focus on the Effects of Propolis and Royal Jelly. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1727142. [PMID: 33123309 PMCID: PMC7586183 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1727142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The vast increase of world's aging populations is associated with increased risk of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is a widespread disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which encompasses a wide range of debilitating motor, emotional, cognitive, and physical symptoms. PD threatens the quality of life of millions of patients and their families. Additionally, public welfare and healthcare systems are burdened with its high cost of care. Available treatments provide only a symptomatic relief and produce a trail of noxious side effects, which increase noncompliance. Hence, researchers have recently focused on the use of nutraceuticals as safe adjunctive treatments of PD to limit its progress and associated damages in affected groups. Propolis is a common product of the beehive, which possesses a large number of therapeutic properties. Royal jelly (RJ) is a bee product that is fed to bee queens during their entire life, and it contributes to their high physical fitness, fertility, and long lifespan. Evidence suggests that propolis and RJ can promote health by preventing the occurrence of age-related debilitating diseases. Therefore, they have been used to treat various serious disorders such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Some evolving studies used these bee products to treat PD in animal models. However, a clear understanding of the collective effect of propolis and RJ as well as their mechanism of action in PD is lacking. This review evaluates the available literature for the effects of propolis and RJ on PD. Whenever possible, it elaborates on the underlying mechanisms through which they function in this disorder and offers insights for fruitful use of bee products in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Mohammed Ali
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Apitherapy for Age-Related Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction (Sarcopenia): A Review on the Effects of Royal Jelly, Propolis, and Bee Pollen. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101362. [PMID: 32992744 PMCID: PMC7601109 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of sarcopenia, skeletal muscle loss and weakness, which prevails in up to 50% of older adults is increasing worldwide due to the expansion of aging populations. It is now striking young and midlife adults as well because of sedentary lifestyle and increased intake of unhealthy food (e.g., western diet). The lockdown measures and economic turndown associated with the current outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are likely to increase the prevalence of sarcopenia by promoting sedentarism and unhealthy patterns of eating. Sarcopenia has multiple detrimental effects including falls, hospitalization, disability, and institutionalization. Although a few pharmacological agents (e.g., bimagrumab, sarconeos, and exercise mimetics) are being explored in different stages of trials, not a single drug has been approved for sarcopenia treatment. Hence, research has focused on testing the effect of nutraceuticals, such as bee products, as safe treatments to prevent and/or treat sarcopenia. Royal jelly, propolis, and bee pollen are common bee products that are rich in highly potent antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, and amino acids. These products, in order, stimulate larval development into queen bees, promote defenses of the bee hive against microbial and environmental threats, and increase royal jelly production by nurse bees. Thanks to their versatile pharmacological activities (e.g., anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, etc.), these products have been used to treat multiple chronic conditions that predispose to muscle wasting such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorder, and cancer, to name a few. They were also used in some evolving studies to treat sarcopenia in laboratory animals and, to a limited degree, in humans. However, a collective understanding of the effect and mechanism of action of these products in skeletal muscle is not well-developed. Therefore, this review examines the literature for possible effects of royal jelly, bee pollen, and propolis on skeletal muscle in aged experimental models, muscle cell cultures, and humans. Collectively, data from reviewed studies denote varying levels of positive effects of bee products on muscle mass, strength, and function. The likely underlying mechanisms include amelioration of inflammation and oxidative damages, promotion of metabolic regulation, enhancement of satellite stem cell responsiveness, improvement of muscular blood supply, inhibition of catabolic genes, and promotion of peripheral neuronal regeneration. This review offers suggestions for other mechanisms to be explored and provides guidance for future trials investigating the effects of bee products among people with sarcopenia.
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17
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Yi W, Lan H, Wen Y, Wang Y, He D, Bai Z, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Liu B, Shen J, Hu Z. HO-1 overexpression alleviates senescence by inducing autophagy via the mitochondrial route in human nucleus pulposus cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8402-8415. [PMID: 32239675 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is closely associated with aging. Our previous studies have confirmed that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) can inhibit nucleus pulposus (NP) cell apoptosis. However, whether or not HO-1 is involved in NP cell senescence and autophagy is unclear. Our results indicated that HO-1 expression was reduced in IDD tissues and replicative senescent NP cells. HO-1 overexpression using a lentiviral vector reduced the NP cell senescence level, protected mitochondrial function, and promoted NP cell autophagy through the mitochondrial pathway. Autophagy inhibitor 3-MA pretreatment reversed the anti-senescent and protective effects on the mitochondrial function of HO-1, which promoted the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the intervertebral disc. In vivo, HO-1 overexpression inhibited IDD and enhanced autophagy. In summary, these results suggested that HO-1 overexpression alleviates NP cell senescence by inducing autophagy via the mitochondrial route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyang Lan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yafeng Wen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danshuang He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhibiao Bai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jieliang Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenming Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ashrafizadeh M, Ahmadi Z, Mohammadinejad R, Kaviyani N, Tavakol S. Monoterpenes modulating autophagy: A review study. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 126:9-20. [PMID: 31237736 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
From the beginning of the 21st century, much attention has been made towards the medicinal herbs due to their low side effects and valuable biological activities. Among them, terpenes comprise a large group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that are considered as main components of flavours, antifeedants and pheromones. Monoterpenes have demonstrated a favourable profile as compounds that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and anti-tumour activities. On the other hand, autophagy is a 'self-digestion' mechanism which plays a remarkable role in a number of pathological conditions such as cancer, ageing, metabolic disorders and infection. Also, autophagy is considered as a stress adaptor that may lead to apoptotic cell death under severe and sustained stress. Autophagy modulation is a promising strategy in cancer treatment, and a variety of drugs have been designed in line with this strategy. In the present MiniReview, we discuss the effects of monoterpenes on autophagy and its relationship with therapeutic impacts of monoterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- NanoBioEletrochemistry Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nasim Kaviyani
- Department of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hakimi Z, Salmani H, Marefati N, Arab Z, Gholamnezhad Z, Beheshti F, Shafei MN, Hosseini M. Protective Effects of Carvacrol on Brain Tissue Inflammation and Oxidative Stress as well as Learning and Memory in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Rats. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:965-976. [PMID: 31811590 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation can cause memory impairment. In the present study, the effect of carvacrol on brain tissue inflammation and oxidative stress as well as learning and memory in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged rats was evaluated. The animals were grouped and treated: (1) control which received vehicle instead of LPS and carvacrol, (2) LPS (1 mg/kg; i.p. 120 min before behavioral tests), and (3-5) in these groups, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg of carvacrol (i.p.) was administered 30 min prior to LPS. In a Morris water maze test, compared to LPS group, administration of all three doses of carvacrol shortened the elapsed time and the traveled distance to find the platform, while it prolonged the traveled time in the target area. In a passive avoidance test, administration of all 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg carvacrol significantly increased the latency at the 3 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after the shock compared to the LPS group. Interleukin (IL)-6, malondialdehyde (MDA), and NO (nitric oxide) metabolites were increased in the brain by LPS injection, while thiol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were decreased. Pretreatment with carvacrol reduced IL-6, NO metabolites, and MDA, while it improved thiol content, CAT, and SOD. The results indicated that carvacrol protected from learning and memory impairment and the brain tissue inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS-challenged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhara Hakimi
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Salmani
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Marefati
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zohre Arab
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naser Shafei
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Fürstenau CR, de Souza ICC, de Oliveira MR. The effects of kahweol, a diterpene present in coffee, on the mitochondria of the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hou N, Mai Y, Qiu X, Yuan W, Li Y, Luo C, Liu Y, Zhang G, Zhao G, Luo JD. Carvacrol Attenuates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Modulating the PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 Pathway in Diabetic Mice. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:998. [PMID: 31572181 PMCID: PMC6751321 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a common complication of diabetes mellitus, eventually leads to heart failure. Carvacrol is a food additive with diverse bioactivities. We aimed to study the protective effects and mechanisms of carvacrol in DCM. Methods: We used a streptozotocin-induced and db/db mouse model of types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM), respectively. Both study groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of carvacrol for 6 weeks. Cardiac remodeling was evaluated by histological analysis. We determined gene expression of cardiac remodeling markers (Nppa and Myh7) by quantitative real-time PCR and cardiac function by echocardiography. Changes of PI3K/AKT signaling were determined with Western blotting. GLUT4 translocation was evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Results: Compared with control mice, both T1DM and T2DM mice showed cardiac remodeling and left ventricular dysfunction. Carvacrol significantly reduced blood glucose levels and suppressed cardiac remodeling in mice with T1DM and T2DM. At the end of the treatment period, both T1DM and T2DM mice showed lesser cardiac hypertrophy, Nppa and Myh7 mRNA expressions, and cardiac fibrosis, compared to mice administered only the vehicle. Moreover, carvacrol significantly restored PI3K/AKT signaling, which was impaired in mice with T1DM and T2DM. Carvacrol increased levels of phosphorylated PI3K, PDK1, AKT, and AS160 and inhibited PTEN phosphorylation in mice with T1DM and T2DM. Carvacrol treatment promoted GLUT4 membrane translocation in mice with T1DM and T2DM. Metformin was used as the positive drug control in T2DM mice, and carvacrol showed comparable effects to that of metformin on cardiac remodeling and modulation of signaling pathways. Conclusion: Carvacrol protected against DCM in mice with T1DM and T2DM by restoring PI3K/AKT signaling-mediated GLUT4 membrane translocation and is a potential treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Hou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunpei Mai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Technology, Forevergen Biosciences Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenchang Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengfeng Luo
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ganjiang Zhao
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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