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Aksu S, Indahlastari A, O'Shea A, Marsiske M, Cohen R, Alexander GE, DeKosky ST, Hishaw GA, Dai Y, Wu SS, Woods AJ. Facilitation of working memory capacity by transcranial direct current stimulation: a secondary analysis from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults (ACT) study. GeroScience 2024; 46:4075-4110. [PMID: 38789832 PMCID: PMC11336148 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a public health concern with an ever-increasing magnitude worldwide. An array of neuroscience-based approaches like transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cognitive training have garnered attention in the last decades to ameliorate the effects of cognitive aging in older adults. This study evaluated the effects of 3 months of bilateral tDCS over the frontal cortices with multimodal cognitive training on working memory capacity. Two hundred ninety-two older adults without dementia were allocated to active or sham tDCS paired with cognitive training. These participants received repeated sessions of bilateral tDCS over the bilateral frontal cortices, combined with multimodal cognitive training. Working memory capacity was assessed with the digit span forward, backward, and sequencing tests. No baseline differences between active and sham groups were observed. Multiple linear regressions indicated more improvement of the longest digit span backward from baseline to post-intervention (p = 0.021) and a trend towards greater improvement (p = 0.056) of the longest digit span backward from baseline to 1 year in the active tDCS group. No significant between-group changes were observed for digit span forward or digit span sequencing. The present results provide evidence for the potential for tDCS paired with cognitive training to remediate age-related declines in working memory capacity. These findings are sourced from secondary outcomes in a large randomized clinical trial and thus deserve future targeted investigation in older adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Aksu
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey.
| | - Aprinda Indahlastari
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew O'Shea
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Marsiske
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ronald Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona and Arizona Alzheimer's Disease Consortium, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Steven T DeKosky
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Georg A Hishaw
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona and Arizona Alzheimer's Disease Consortium, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Samuel S Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Yoon G, Sofuoglu M, Petrakis IL, Pittman B, Bell MD. The combination of donepezil and cognitive training for improving treatment outcomes for alcohol use disorder: Design of a randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 145:107657. [PMID: 39111388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major concern in public health, and cognitive impairments caused by alcohol are involved in this process. Emerging neurobiological evidence suggests that donepezil, an anticholinesterase agent, may improve AUD treatment outcomes by enhancing neurocognitive functioning. Previous research has also suggested that cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) could potentially improve cognitive function and AUD treatment outcomes. We present the rationale and design of a trial to evaluate the combination of donepezil and cognitive remediation therapy (donepezil + CRT) as an intervention for AUD. METHODS We propose a 13-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-subjects trial comparing 4 groups (donepezil + CRT vs. donepezil alone vs. CRT alone vs. placebos) as an intervention for AUD. The main goal of the study is to evaluate if donepezil + CRT is superior to placebo in reducing heavy drinking days and improving neurocognitive functioning. A total of 160 patients (4 groups, 40 per each group) with AUD between the ages of 18-80 years will be recruited at Yale University and the VA Connecticut Healthcare System. Primary outcome measures include 1) heavy drinking by Timeline Follow Back (TLFB) over 13 weeks and 2) global neurocognitive functioning by a global index of neurocognitive function score at 7 and 13 weeks. DISCUSSION This protocol paper describes the rationale and proposed methods for the randomized controlled trial for improving AUD treatment outcomes. This project has significant clinical potential to help patients suffering from AUD by improving their cognition and reducing alcohol consumption. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05042102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihyun Yoon
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Mehmet Sofuoglu
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ismene L Petrakis
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Morris D Bell
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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De Guia IL, Eslick S, Naismith SL, Kanduri S, Shah TM, Martins RN. The Crosstalk Between Amyloid-β, Retina, and Sleep for the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:1009-1021. [PMID: 39114553 PMCID: PMC11305848 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, which is characterised by progressive memory loss and accumulation of hallmark markers amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles in the diseased brain. The current gold standard diagnostic methods have limitations of being invasive, costly, and not easily accessible. Thus, there is a need for new avenues, such as imaging the retina for early AD diagnosis. Sleep disruption is symptomatically frequent across preclinical and AD subjects. As circadian activity, such as the sleep-wake cycle, is linked to the retina, analysis of their association may be useful additions for achieving predictive AD diagnosis. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of human retina studies concerning the deposition of Aβ, the role of the retina in sleep-wake cycle, the disruption of sleep in AD, and to gather evidence for the associations between Aβ, the retina, and sleep. Understanding the mechanisms behind the associations between Aβ, retina, and sleep could assist in the interpretation of retinal changes accurately in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaun Eslick
- Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon L. Naismith
- Faculty of Science, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Ralph N. Martins
- Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Edith Cowen University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Prince JB, Davis HL, Tan J, Muller-Townsend K, Markovic S, Lewis DMG, Hastie B, Thompson MB, Drummond PD, Fujiyama H, Sohrabi HR. Cognitive and neuroscientific perspectives of healthy ageing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105649. [PMID: 38579902 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
With dementia incidence projected to escalate significantly within the next 25 years, the United Nations declared 2021-2030 the Decade of Healthy Ageing, emphasising cognition as a crucial element. As a leading discipline in cognition and ageing research, psychology is well-equipped to offer insights for translational research, clinical practice, and policy-making. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the current state of knowledge on age-related changes in cognition and psychological health. We discuss cognitive changes during ageing, including (a) heterogeneity in the rate, trajectory, and characteristics of decline experienced by older adults, (b) the role of cognitive reserve in age-related cognitive decline, and (c) the potential for cognitive training to slow this decline. We also examine ageing and cognition through multiple theoretical perspectives. We highlight critical unresolved issues, such as the disparate implications of subjective versus objective measures of cognitive decline and the insufficient evaluation of cognitive training programs. We suggest future research directions, and emphasise interdisciplinary collaboration to create a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that modulate cognitive ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon B Prince
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia.
| | - Helen L Davis
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Jane Tan
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Katrina Muller-Townsend
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Shaun Markovic
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Discipline of Psychology, Counselling and Criminology, Edith Cowan University, WA, Australia
| | - David M G Lewis
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | | | - Matthew B Thompson
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Peter D Drummond
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Hakuei Fujiyama
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, WA, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
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Knopman DS, Laskowitz DT, Koltai DC, Charvet LE, Becker JH, Federman AD, Wisnivesky J, Mahncke H, Van Vleet TM, Bateman L, Kim DY, O'Steen A, James M, Silverstein A, Lokhnygina Y, Rich J, Feger BJ, Zimmerman KO. RECOVER-NEURO: study protocol for a multi-center, multi-arm, phase 2, randomized, active comparator trial evaluating three interventions for cognitive dysfunction in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Trials 2024; 25:326. [PMID: 38755688 PMCID: PMC11098733 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) symptoms have broad impact, and may affect individuals regardless of COVID-19 severity, socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, or age. A prominent PASC symptom is cognitive dysfunction, colloquially referred to as "brain fog" and characterized by declines in short-term memory, attention, and concentration. Cognitive dysfunction can severely impair quality of life by impairing daily functional skills and preventing timely return to work. METHODS RECOVER-NEURO is a prospective, multi-center, multi-arm, phase 2, randomized, active-comparator design investigating 3 interventions: (1) BrainHQ is an interactive, online cognitive training program; (2) PASC-Cognitive Recovery is a cognitive rehabilitation program specifically designed to target frequently reported challenges among individuals with brain fog; (3) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive form of mild electrical brain stimulation. The interventions will be combined to establish 5 arms: (1) BrainHQ; (2) BrainHQ + PASC-Cognitive Recovery; (3) BrainHQ + tDCS-active; (4) BrainHQ + tDCS-sham; and (5) Active Comparator. The interventions will occur for 10 weeks. Assessments will be completed at baseline and at the end of intervention and will include cognitive testing and patient-reported surveys. All study activities can be delivered in Spanish and English. DISCUSSION This study is designed to test whether cognitive dysfunction symptoms can be alleviated by the use of pragmatic and established interventions with different mechanisms of action and with prior evidence of improving cognitive function in patients with neurocognitive disorder. If successful, results will provide beneficial treatments for PASC-related cognitive dysfunction. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05965739. Registered on July 25, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel T Laskowitz
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Leigh E Charvet
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dong-Yun Kim
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Seok JW, Kim G, Kim JU. Comparative efficacy of seven nonpharmacological interventions on global cognition in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8402. [PMID: 38600212 PMCID: PMC11006946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To maintain current cognitive function and access greater cognitive reserves, nonpharmacological interventions may be a viable alternative for older adults with or without cognitive impairment. This study aimed to compare different nonpharmacological interventions for enhancing global cognition, including mind-body exercise, physical exercise, non-invasive brain stimulation, cognitive training intervention (CTI), acutherapy (ACU), meditation, and music therapy, by applying a network meta-analysis (NMA). Sixty-one randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of interventions on global cognition in older adults with or without mild cognitive decline were selected. An NMA was conducted to compare the efficacy of different nonpharmacological interventions. The NMA revealed that mind-body exercise (standardized mean difference, 1.384; 95% confidence interval, 0.777-1.992); ACU (1.283; 0.478-2.088); meditation (0.910; 0.097-1.724); non-invasive brain stimulation (1.242; 0.254-2.230); CTI (1.269; 0.736-1.802); and physical exercise (0.977; 0.212-1.742), showed positive effects compared to passive controls. There were no significant differences between the efficacies of other interventions. Nonpharmacological interventions may potentially enhance and maintain global cognition through various pathways, such as memorizing movements and enhancing brain plasticity by reducing stress in the older adult population. Additional studies are needed to clarify the impact of other variables, including intervention methods or psychological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woo Seok
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahye Kim
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeuk U Kim
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
- KM Convergence Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.
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7
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Moret B, Kolasinska AB, Nucci M, Campana G, Zini F, Gaspari M, Stablum F. Cognitive benefits of the attentional vs exergame training in older adults. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:531-541. [PMID: 37395120 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2228220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of an Attentional Computerized Cognitive Training and a commercial Exergame Training. METHODS Eighty-four healthy older adults took part in the study. They were randomly assigned to one of the following conditions: Attentional Computerized Cognitive Training (ATT-CCT), Exergame Training (EXERG-T), or passive Control Group (CG). Participants assigned to the experimental groups underwent 8 laboratory-based sessions-lasting approximately 45 min each-of the respective training activity. A battery of cognitive tests was assessed before, after, and 3 months following the intervention phase. RESULTS The results showed that just the ATT-CCT improved participants' performance, specifically within attention, processing speed, verbal learning and memory. While both intervention groups revealed improved memory self-perception and decreased self-reported absent-mindedness, only the benefits following the ATT-CCT proved to be stable over time. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that our ATT-CCT may be an effective tool for enhancing cognitive abilities in older healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Moret
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Nucci
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology Research Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Campana
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology Research Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Floriano Zini
- Faculty of Computer Science, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Mauro Gaspari
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Franca Stablum
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology Research Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Md Fadzil NH, Shahar S, Singh DKA, Rajikan R, Vanoh D, Mohamad Ali N, Mohd Noah SA. Mapping the landscape: A bibliometric analysis of information and communication technology adoption by older adults with cognitive frailty or impairment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24:251-262. [PMID: 38329011 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) by older adults with cognitive frailty and impairment is beneficial to support aging in place and promote healthy aging. However, data are scarce regarding the use of ICT by this demographic in comparison with other age groups. This bibliometric analysis was aimed at systematically mapping the literature on ICT-related research on older adults with cognitive frailty and cognitive impairment to provide insights into research trends, patterns and knowledge gaps. Data were extracted from the Web of Science database, which identified 324 publications between 1980 and 2023. Performance analysis and science mapping were carried out using Microsoft® Excel, VOSViewer and Harzing's Publish or Perish. The analysis showed an upsurge in the research output trend over time. Notable journals, authors, citations, nations and research areas have been documented. Four key clusters were identified, including: (i) caregiver concern, support and involvement; (ii) technology as a tool for cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation; (iii) cognitive improvement; and (iv) the use of technology for prevention and self-management. The findings derived from this analysis provide an appropriate reference for future researchers to bridge the gap in ICT-related studies among this population, and distinguish the relevant articles that are required for further investigation. These include the need for further long-term research, the incorporation of ICT-based approaches to counter cognitive frailty and the importance of multidomain telehealth interventions. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 251-262.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Hidayah Md Fadzil
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Roslee Rajikan
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Divya Vanoh
- Dietetics Program, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Nazlena Mohamad Ali
- Institute of Visual Informatics (IVI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Azman Mohd Noah
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Technology (CAIT), Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
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Baker LD, Snyder HM, Espeland MA, Whitmer RA, Kivipelto M, Woolard N, Katula J, Papp KV, Ventrelle J, Graef S, Hill MA, Rushing S, Spell J, Lovato L, Felton D, Williams BJ, Ghadimi Nouran M, Raman R, Ngandu T, Solomon A, Wilmoth S, Cleveland ML, Williamson JD, Lambert KL, Tomaszewski Farias S, Day CE, Tangney CC, Gitelman DR, Matongo O, Reynolds T, Pavlik VN, Yu MM, Alexander AS, Elbein R, McDonald AM, Salloway S, Wing RR, Antkowiak S, Morris MC, Carrillo MC. Study design and methods: U.S. study to protect brain health through lifestyle intervention to reduce risk (U.S. POINTER). Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:769-782. [PMID: 37776210 PMCID: PMC10916955 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The U.S. study to protect brain health through lifestyle intervention to reduce risk (U.S. POINTER) is conducted to confirm and expand the results of the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) in Americans. METHODS U.S. POINTER was planned as a 2-year randomized controlled trial of two lifestyle interventions in 2000 older adults at risk for dementia due to well-established factors. The primary outcome is a global cognition composite that permits harmonization with FINGER. RESULTS U.S. POINTER is centrally coordinated and conducted at five clinical sites (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03688126). Outcomes assessments are completed at baseline and every 6 months. Both interventions focus on exercise, diet, cognitive/social stimulation, and cardiovascular health, but differ in intensity and accountability. The study partners with a worldwide network of similar trials for harmonization of methods and data sharing. DISCUSSION U.S. POINTER is testing a potentially sustainable intervention to support brain health and Alzheimer's prevention for Americans. Impact is strengthened by the targeted participant diversity and expanded scientific scope through ancillary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D. Baker
- Wake Forest University School of MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Wake Forest University School of MedicineDivision of Public Health SciencesWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Wake Forest University School of MedicineDepartment of NeurologyWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Mark A. Espeland
- Wake Forest University School of MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Wake Forest University School of MedicineDivision of Public Health SciencesWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Rachel A. Whitmer
- University of California DavisDepartment of Public Health SciencesSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchStockholmSweden
- University of Eastern FinlandInstitute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionKuopioFinland
- Imperial College London, School of Public HealthAgeing Epidemiology Research UnitLondonUK
- FINGERS Brain Health InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Nancy Woolard
- Wake Forest University School of MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jeffrey Katula
- Wake Forest UniversityDepartment of Health and Exercise ScienceWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kathryn V. Papp
- Brigham and Women's HospitalDepartment of NeurologyBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Massachusetts General HospitalDepartment of NeurologyBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of NeurologyBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jennifer Ventrelle
- Rush University Medical Center, Departments of Clinical Nutritionand Family and Preventive MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Sarah Graef
- Rush University Medical Center, Departments of Clinical Nutritionand Family and Preventive MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Marcus A. Hill
- Wake Forest University School of MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Scott Rushing
- Wake Forest University School of MedicineDivision of Public Health SciencesWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Julia Spell
- Wake Forest University School of MedicineDivision of Public Health SciencesWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Laura Lovato
- Wake Forest University School of MedicineDivision of Public Health SciencesWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Deborah Felton
- Wake Forest University School of MedicineDivision of Public Health SciencesWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Benjamin J. Williams
- Wake Forest University School of MedicineDepartment of NeurologyWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Mina Ghadimi Nouran
- Wake Forest University School of MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Rema Raman
- University of Southern CaliforniaAlzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchStockholmSweden
- Finnish Institute for Health and WelfareDepartment of Public Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Alina Solomon
- Karolinska Institute, Division of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchStockholmSweden
- Imperial College London, School of Public HealthAgeing Epidemiology Research UnitLondonUK
- FINGERS Brain Health InstituteStockholmSweden
- University of Eastern FinlandInstitute of Clinical Medicine/NeurologyKuopioFinland
| | - Sharon Wilmoth
- Wake Forest University School of MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Maryjo L. Cleveland
- Wake Forest University School of MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jeff D. Williamson
- Wake Forest University School of MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineWinston SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | | | - Claire E. Day
- Alzheimer's AssociationNorthern California Northern Nevada ChapterSan JoseCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christy C. Tangney
- University of Southern CaliforniaAlzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Darren R. Gitelman
- Advocate Health CareDepartment of Behavioral NeurologyDowners GroveIllinoisUSA
| | - Olivia Matongo
- Alzheimer's AssociationIllinois ChapterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Valory N. Pavlik
- Baylor College of MedicineDepartment of NeurologyHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Melissa M. Yu
- Baylor College of MedicineDepartment of NeurologyHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Richard Elbein
- Alzheimer's AssociationHouston & Southeast Texas ChapterHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Stephen Salloway
- Butler Hospital, Memory and Aging Programand Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Rena R. Wing
- Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorSchool of MedicineProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Susan Antkowiak
- Alzheimer's AssociationRhode Island ChapterProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Martha Clare Morris
- Rush University Medical Center, Departments of Clinical Nutritionand Family and Preventive MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Buele J, Varela-Aldás JL, Palacios-Navarro G. Virtual reality applications based on instrumental activities of daily living (iADLs) for cognitive intervention in older adults: a systematic review. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2023; 20:168. [PMID: 38110970 PMCID: PMC10729470 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the use of virtual reality (VR) as a complementary intervention in treating cognitive impairment has significantly increased. VR applications based on instrumental activities of daily living (iADL-VR) could offer a promising approach with greater ecological validity for intervention in groups with cognitive impairments. However, the effectiveness of this approach is still debated. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to synthesize the effects of iADL-VR interventions to rehabilitate, train, or stimulate cognitive functions in healthy adults and people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and different types of dementia. METHODS A systematic search was performed in the Scopus, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, and APA PsycNet databases until September 2022 and repeated in April 2023. The selected studies met the search terms, were peer-reviewed, included an iADL-VR intervention, and were written in English. Descriptive, qualitative studies, reviews, cognitive assessment, non-intervention studies, those unrelated to VR or iADL, those focused on motor aspects, and non-degenerative disorders were excluded. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the controlled studies. To present and synthesize the results, we organized the extracted data into three tables, including PEDro scores, participant characteristics, and study characteristics. RESULTS Nineteen studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. The total sample reached 590 participants, mostly women (72.67%). Approximately 30% were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease or dementia, and 20% had mild cognitive impairment. Variables such as authors and year of publication, study design, type of intervention and VR applied, duration of the intervention, main findings, and conclusions were extracted. Regarding demographic characteristics, the sample size, age, sex, years of education, neurological diagnosis, dropouts, and the city and country where the intervention took place were recorded. Almost all studies showed improvements in some or all the outcomes after the intervention, generally greater in the iADL-VR group than in the control group. CONCLUSION iADL-VR interventions could be beneficial in improving the performance of cognitive functions in older adults and people with MCI and different types of dementia. The ecological component of these tasks makes them very suitable for transferring what has been learned to the real world. However, such transfer needs to be confirmed by further studies with larger and more homogeneous samples and longer follow-up periods. This review had no primary funding source and was registered with PROSPERO under registration ID: 375166.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Buele
- SISAu Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería, Industria y Producción, Universidad Indoamérica, Ambato, Ecuador
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Communications, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - José Luis Varela-Aldás
- Centro de Investigaciones de Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación (CICHE), Universidad Indoamérica, Ambato, Ecuador
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11
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Baik JS, Min JH, Ko SH, Yun MS, Lee B, Kang NY, Kim B, Lee H, Shin YI. Effects of Home-Based Computerized Cognitive Training in Community-Dwelling Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2023; 12:97-105. [PMID: 38088994 PMCID: PMC10712670 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2023.3317189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a growing importance for the home-based (HB) support services, and computerized cognitive training (CCT) has been reported as an effective intervention for cognitive impairment. However, there is still a need for further verification of the effect of HB-CCT. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of HB-CCT on the cognitive function of community-dwelling adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well as safety in its use. METHODS Fifty community-dwelling adults with MCI were included, of which 25 each were randomized to either HB-CCT or control groups. Evaluations of comprehensive cognition, memory, attention, language, executive function, and depression were performed before and after the intervention, including three times a week for eight weeks in the intervention group and eight weeks apart with no intervention in the control group. RESULTS In baseline and post-evaluation comparisons, the HB-CCT group showed significant improvements, while the control group did not show significant changes. Statistically significant variations were noted between the HB-CCT and control groups in all post-intervention evaluations relative to baseline. Additionally, no side effects were observed. CONCLUSION Beneficial effects on cognition and depression were noted in the intervention group compared with the control group, suggesting that HB-CCT may be a positive tool for cognitive improvement in adults with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Baik
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsan50612Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hong Min
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicinePusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsan50612Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwa Ko
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicinePusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsan50612Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineThe Graduate School of MedicinePusan National UniversityYangsan50612Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sook Yun
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsan50612Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghoon Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicinePusan National University HospitalBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Kang
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicinePusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsan50612Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Yong-Il Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicinePusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsan50612Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineThe Graduate School of MedicinePusan National UniversityYangsan50612Republic of Korea
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12
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Shubair SA. Dementia care in gerontological social work: emerging issues and challenges in Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1167856. [PMID: 37614449 PMCID: PMC10442813 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1167856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The issues and challenges in the current state of gerontological social work policy, practice, and education related to dementia care in Saudi Arabia are discussed in this article. The following primary issues were explored: (1) the impact of the biomedical model's global dominance on gerontological social work policy and research for dementia care and health promotion; (2) the position of the older adults in Middle Eastern nations and its connection to the lack of gerontological social work policies, programs, and care services for older adults with dementia and their family caregivers; (3) the effect of the profession of social work's lack of recognition on the potential evolution of gerontological social work practice in dementia care; (4) the state of dementia patients' rights, dementia patients' safety, and dementia patients' rights to self-determination on the gerontological social work support provided for older adults with dementia; (5) the unequal distribution of dementia care resources and gerontological social work; and (6) the social work education programs' inability to supply the market with sufficient number of skilled gerontological social workers and its effect on the advancement of dementia care in gerontological social work practice. Approaches for advancing policy, practice, and education are provided to support the evolution of gerontological social work in dementia care in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Ali Shubair
- Social Studies Department, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Soldevila-Domenech N, De Toma I, Forcano L, Diaz-Pellicer P, Cuenca-Royo A, Fagundo B, Lorenzo T, Gomis-Gonzalez M, Sánchez-Benavides G, Fauria K, Sastre C, Fernandez De Piérola Í, Molinuevo JL, Verdejo-Garcia A, de la Torre R. Intensive assessment of executive functions derived from performance in cognitive training games. iScience 2023; 26:106886. [PMID: 37260752 PMCID: PMC10227423 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional neuropsychological tests accurately describe the current cognitive state but fall short to characterize cognitive change over multiple short time periods. We present an innovative approach to remote monitoring of executive functions on a monthly basis, which leverages the performance indicators from self-administered computerized cognitive training games (NUP-EXE). We evaluated the measurement properties of NUP-EXE in N = 56 individuals (59% women, 60-80 years) at increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (APOE-ϵ4 carriers with subjective cognitive decline) who completed a 12-month multimodal intervention for preventing cognitive decline. NUP-EXE presented good psychometric properties and greater sensitivity to change than traditional tests. Improvements in NUP-EXE correlated with improvements in functionality and were affected by participants' age and gender. This novel data collection methodology is expected to allow a more accurate characterization of an individual's response to a cognitive decline preventive intervention and to inform development of outcome measures for a new generation of intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Soldevila-Domenech
- Neurosciences Research Programme, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ilario De Toma
- Neurosciences Research Programme, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Forcano
- Neurosciences Research Programme, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrícia Diaz-Pellicer
- Neurosciences Research Programme, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Cuenca-Royo
- Neurosciences Research Programme, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fagundo
- Neurosciences Research Programme, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thais Lorenzo
- Neurosciences Research Programme, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Gomis-Gonzalez
- Neurosciences Research Programme, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides
- Neurosciences Research Programme, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karine Fauria
- Neurosciences Research Programme, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Neurosciences Research Programme, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Neurosciences Research Programme, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Reina-Reina C, Conesa PJ, Duñabeitia JA. Impact of a cognitive stimulation program on the reading comprehension of children in primary education. Front Psychol 2023; 13:985790. [PMID: 36687904 PMCID: PMC9853897 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.985790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction At present, numerous studies can be found in which influences and relationships between the principal executive functions, reading comprehension, and academic performance associated with reading are reported. However, there is still a lack of convergence regarding the impact of computerized cognitive training on children's executive development and its transfer in academic reading performance and comprehension of written texts. Methods This study analyzes the effect of implementing a cognitive stimulation program on the performance of reading comprehension and academic performance in the subject of Spanish Language and Literature. To this end, a total sample of 196 children from 23 educational centers received the cognitive intervention for 8 weeks, with three weekly sessions of between 15 and 20 min each occurring on non-consecutive days. Pre-test and post-test measurements were collected and analyzed. Results The results demonstrate a significant increase in the reading comprehension scores. In addition, a significant impact of the training on the participants' academic performance in the subject Spanish Language and Literature was found. Discussion These results highlight the usefulness of computerized cognitive stimulation programs for reading comprehension enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Reina-Reina
- Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jon Andoni Duñabeitia
- Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain,Department of Language and Culture, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway,*Correspondence: Jon Andoni Duñabeitia, ✉
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Silverman JM, Zhu CW, Schmeidler J, Lee PG, Alexander NB, Guerrero-Berroa E, Beeri MS, West RK, Sano M, Nabozny M, Karran M. Does computerized cognitive training improve diabetes self-management and cognition? A randomized control trial of middle-aged and older veterans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 195:110149. [PMID: 36427629 PMCID: PMC9908839 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This randomized control trial compared an adaptive computerized cognitive training intervention with a non-adaptive version. The primary hypothesis predicted better diabetes self-management in type 2 diabetes patients at 6 months post-intervention than baseline in the adaptive arm, with seven secondary outcomes. METHODS Intent-to-treat analysis of veterans without dementia aged 55+ from the Bronx, NY and Ann Arbor, MI (N = 90/per arm) used linear mixed model analyses. RESULTS Contrary to the hypothesis, only memory showed more improvement in the adaptive arm (p < 0.01). Post-hoc analyses combined the two arms; self-management improved at six-months post-intervention (p < 0.001). Memory, executive functions/attention, prospective memory, diastolic blood pressure, and systolic blood pressure improved (p < 0.05); hemoglobin A1c and medication adherence did not improve significantly. CONCLUSIONS The adaptive computerized cognitive training was not substantially better than non-adaptive, but may improve memory. Post-hoc results for the combined arms suggest computer-related activities may improve diabetes self-management and other outcomes for middle-aged and older patients with type 2 diabetes. Practice effects or awareness of being studied cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Silverman
- Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Carolyn W Zhu
- Brookdale Department of Geriatrics & Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - James Schmeidler
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pearl G Lee
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Neil B Alexander
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Guerrero-Berroa
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michal S Beeri
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rebecca K West
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Sano
- Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martina Nabozny
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martha Karran
- Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Castro CB, Costa LM, Dias CB, Chen J, Hillebrandt H, Gardener SL, Brown BM, Loo RL, Garg ML, Rainey-Smith SR, Martins RN, Sohrabi HR. Multi-Domain Interventions for Dementia Prevention - A Systematic Review. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:1271-1280. [PMID: 38151879 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-2046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a growing incidence of cognitive decline and dementia associated with the ageing population. Lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and cognitive activities may individually or collectively be undertaken to increase one's odds of preventing cognitive decline and future dementia. This study will examine whether clinical trials using multidomain lifestyle intervention can significantly decrease the risk of cognitive decline and therefore dementia. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This systematic literature review of multidomain lifestyle interventions for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia followed the PRISMA guidelines. Clinical trials involving multidomain intervention (i.e., diet and physical activity, or without cognitive training) in older adults (≥ 49 years old) at higher risk of dementia were identified through 5 electronic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Scopus). A comprehensive search was performed to identify and retrieve publications until 15 November 2022. Trials were published in English. RESULTS The included studies (n=15) assessed change in cognition in response to a multidomain lifestyle intervention. However, the cognitive outcome measures used in these studies were heterogeneous. Despite this heterogeneity, two thirds of the studies showed improvement in cognition following a multidomain intervention (n=10 with a total of 9,439 participants). However, five studies reported no improvement in cognition following the multidomain intervention. The most common form of dietary intervention included higher amount of fruit and vegetable intake; whole-grain cereal products instead of refined; low fat options in milk and meat products; and limiting sucrose intake to less than 50 g/day. Most clinical trial studies were powered to examining the effects of multidomain interventions in cognition but were not designed to test the contribution of individual domains (i.e., dietary changes, increased physical activity, or increased cognitive stimulation alone). CONCLUSION This systematic review aimed to determine the effect of multimodal lifestyle interventions on cognitive outcomes in older adults at risk of dementia. We found that participants with conditions that may increase the risk of dementia, (e.g., hypertension, cardiovascular fragility) do benefit from multi-modal lifestyle changes including diet, physical activity, and cognitive training. Two thirds of studies using multidomain lifestyle interventions showed improvements in cognitive function. Trials with a focus on cognitive training, dietary improvement, and physical activity may prevent or delay cognitive decline in older adults including those at risk of developing dementia. Future studies should consider longer follow-up periods and adequate power to be able to examine the effects of each lifestyle component in the context of multimodal interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Castro
- Professor Hamid R. Sohrabi, Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia, Phone: +61 8 9360 6901, E-mail: ; Professor Ralph N. Martins, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia, E-mail:
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Bredesen DE, Toups K, Hathaway A, Gordon D, Chung H, Raji C, Boyd A, Hill BD, Hausman-Cohen S, Attarha M, Chwa WJ, Kurakin A, Jarrett M. Precision Medicine Approach to Alzheimer's Disease: Rationale and Implications. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:429-437. [PMID: 37807782 PMCID: PMC10741308 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The neurodegenerative disease field has enjoyed extremely limited success in the development of effective therapeutics. One potential reason is the lack of disease models that yield accurate predictions and optimal therapeutic targets. Standard clinical trials have pre-determined a single treatment modality, which may be unrelated to the primary drivers of neurodegeneration. Recent proof-of-concept clinical trials using a precision medicine approach suggest a new model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a chronic innate encephalitis that creates a network insufficiency. Identifying and addressing the multiple potential contributors to cognitive decline for each patient may represent a more effective strategy. Here we review the rationale for a precision medicine approach in prevention and treatment of cognitive decline associated with AD. Results and implications from recent proof-of-concept clinical trials are presented. Randomized controlled trials, with much larger patient numbers, are likely to be significant to establishing precision medicine protocols as a standard of care for prevention and treatment of cognitive decline. Furthermore, combining this approach with the pharmaceutical approach offers the potential for enhanced outcomes. However, incorporating precision medicine approaches into everyday evaluation and care, as well as future clinical trials, would require fundamental changes in trial design, IRB considerations, funding considerations, laboratory evaluation, personalized treatment plans, treatment teams, and ultimately in reimbursement guidelines. Nonetheless, precision medicine approaches to AD, based on a novel model of AD pathophysiology, offer promise that has not been realized to date with monotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale E. Bredesen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kat Toups
- Bay Area Wellness, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cyrus Raji
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alan Boyd
- CNS Vital Signs, Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Won Jong Chwa
- Department of Radiology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexei Kurakin
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ownby RL, Davenport R. An Online Shared Decision-making Intervention for Dementia Prevention: A Parallel-group Randomized Pilot Study. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:577-587. [PMID: 38047365 DOI: 10.2174/0115672050274126231120112158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of an online dementia prevention intervention based on a cognitive behavioral shared decision-making model. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an unblinded pilot study in which participants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. This study was carried out remotely via telephone, video conferencing, and online data collection. Eighteen English-speaking persons 40 years of age and older interested in developing more brain-healthy lifestyles. Both groups received 12 weekly sessions on lifestyle factors related to cognitive decline. The treatment-as-usual (TAU) group received the information and was encouraged to make lifestyle changes. The cognitive behavioral shared decision- making model (CBSDM) group received structured weekly sessions with support for evidence- informed personal goal choices and behavior change strategies. Primary outcome measures were the Alzheimer's Disease Risk Inventory and the Memory Self-Efficacy and Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scales. Participants reported brain health activities during the first, sixth, and 12th weeks of the study. RESULTS No significant between-group changes were seen in the three primary outcome measures. The intervention was viewed positively by participants, who all said they would participate in it again. Participants in the CBSDM group showed increases in knowledge of dementia risk factors and exercise. Other outcomes were consistent with moderate to large effect sizes for both groups. CONCLUSION An online intervention providing psychoeducation and behavior change support was viewed positively by older adults. Results provide preliminary support for the CBSDM intervention's efficacy in promoting brain health in older adults. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04822129.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond L Ownby
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Rosemary Davenport
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
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Dai X, Wu L, Han Z, Li H. Cognitive Training Effect and Imaging Evidence. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1419:171-183. [PMID: 37418214 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1627-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive intervention is a specific form of non-pharmacological intervention used to combat cognitive dysfunction. In this chapter, behavioral and neuroimaging studies about cognitive interventions are introduced. Regarding intervention studies, the form of intervention and the effects of the interventions have been systematically sorted out. In addition, we compared the effects of different intervention approaches, which help people with different cognitive states to choose appropriate intervention programs. With the development of imaging technology, many studies have discussed the neural mechanism of cognitive intervention training and the effects of cognitive intervention from the perspective of neuroplasticity. Behavioral studies and neural mechanism studies are used to improve the understanding of cognitive interventions for the treatment of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Dai
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingli Wu
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zaizhu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - He Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Berbegal M, Tomé M, Sánchez-SanSegundo M, Zaragoza-Martí A, Hurtado-Sánchez JA. Memory function performance in individuals classified as overweight, obese, and normal weight. Front Nutr 2022; 9:932323. [PMID: 36479300 PMCID: PMC9719908 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.932323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence accumulated to date about the relationship between cognitive impairments and adults who are overweight and obese suggests that excess weight has a great impact on memory function. Nevertheless, most of the literature has focused only on studying the influences on working memory and episodic memory. This study aimed to examine the potential associations of clinical and anthropometric measures [body mass index (BMI), WHR, body fat, visceral fat, muscle mass, and hypertension] with six memory domains, including contextual memory, short-term visual memory, short-term memory, non-verbal memory, short-term phonological memory, and working memory, in a sample of 124 individuals classified as overweight (n = 33), obese (n = 53), and normal weight (n = 38). The results obtained showed that, after controlling for employment situations, people classified as obese had poorer short-term phonological memory and working memory than those with normal weights. Bivariate correlations showed that measures of weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio index, body fat, and visceral fat were inversely associated with memory function. However, muscle mass was not a significant predictor of memory function. Higher systolic blood pressure was also associated with worse memory function. The study provides evidence of the importance of adiposity in health and memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Berbegal
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Mario Tomé
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Ana Zaragoza-Martí
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), Alicante, Spain
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21
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Lwi SJ, Paulraj SR, Schendel K, Dempsey DG, Curran BC, Herron TJ, Baldo JV. A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Healthy Older Adults. Clin Gerontol 2022; 46:330-345. [PMID: 36398589 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2137075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As the aging population increases, it is critical to find ways to sustain older adults' health and well-being. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) may be one approach, but its effects are difficult to discern because few studies have conducted randomized controlled trials with an active control group and blinded examiners. We begin to address these gaps with a pilot study examining the feasibility of conducting an MBSR intervention with an active control condition in healthy older adults. METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to one of two classes, MBSR or Brain Health education. Classes were matched for time, format, and instructor. The study examined acceptability, practicality, implementation, and preliminary efficacy using a range of participant questionnaires, instructor ratings, cognitive measures assessed by blinded examiners, and attendance. RESULTS Both MBSR and the Brain Health class evidenced high rates of recruitment, participant satisfaction, and retention. Implementation procedures were successful, and preliminary results revealed similar levels of efficacy across both classes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the feasibility of an MBSR intervention in healthy older adults. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS MBSR, with its focus on improving stress and self-awareness, has the potential to be an approach that can improve aging adults' health and coping skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy J Lwi
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, California, USA
| | - Selvi R Paulraj
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, California, USA
| | - Krista Schendel
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, California, USA
| | - Denise G Dempsey
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, California, USA
| | - Brian C Curran
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, California, USA
| | - Timothy J Herron
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, California, USA
| | - Juliana V Baldo
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, California, USA
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22
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Jeun YJ, Nam Y, Lee SA, Park JH. Effects of Personalized Cognitive Training with the Machine Learning Algorithm on Neural Efficiency in Healthy Younger Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13044. [PMID: 36293619 PMCID: PMC9602107 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To date, neural efficiency, an ability to economically utilize mental resources, has not been investigated after cognitive training. The purpose of this study was to provide customized cognitive training and confirm its effect on neural efficiency by investigating prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Before training, a prediction algorithm based on the PFC activity with logistic regression was used to predict the customized difficulty level with 86% accuracy by collecting data when subjects performed four kinds of cognitive tasks. In the next step, the intervention study was designed using one pre-posttest group. Thirteen healthy adults participated in the virtual reality (VR)-based spatial cognitive training, which was conducted four times a week for 30 min for three weeks with customized difficulty levels for each session. To measure its effect, the trail-making test (TMT) and hemodynamic responses were measured for executive function and PFC activity. During the training, VR-based spatial cognitive performance was improved, and hemodynamic values were gradually increased as the training sessions progressed. In addition, after the training, the performance on the trail-making task (TMT) demonstrated a statistically significant improvement, and there was a statistically significant decrease in the PFC activity. The improved performance on the TMT coupled with the decreased PFC activity could be regarded as training-induced neural efficiency. These results suggested that personalized cognitive training could be effective in improving executive function and neural efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Jeun
- Department of ICT Convergence, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Yunyoung Nam
- Department of Computer Science, Engineering Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Seong A Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyuck Park
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
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23
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Targeting disrupted rich-club network organization with neuroplasticity-based computerized cognitive remediation in major depressive disorder patients. Psychiatry Res 2022; 316:114742. [PMID: 35917652 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted rich-club organization has been extensively studied in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. Although data indicate that neuroplasticity-based computerized cognitive remediation (nCCR) can accelerate clinical responses in MDD patients, the mechanisms underlying its antidepressant efficacy are unknown. In this study, all MDD patients underwent two (baseline and week 4) neuropsychological assessments and DTI imaging. Additionally, 17 MDD patients did nCCR for 30 hours spread across 4 weeks. Rich-club organization was calculated with a graph-theoretical approach, and SC-FC coupling was explored. After 4 weeks of treatment, the number of rich-club connections, global efficiency, and SC-FC coupling strength increased significantly and were negatively associated with TMT-B scores. The effects of nCCR on disrupted rich-club organization may partly underlie its efficacy in improving the executive function of patients with MDD. Effects of nCCR on disrupted rich-club organization may partly underlie its efficacy in improving the executive function of patients with MDD.
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24
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Aidman E, Fogarty GJ, Crampton J, Bond J, Taylor P, Heathcote A, Zaichkowsky L. An app-enhanced cognitive fitness training program for athletes: The rationale and validation protocol. Front Psychol 2022; 13:957551. [PMID: 36110271 PMCID: PMC9469727 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.957551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The core dimensions of cognitive fitness, such as attention and cognitive control, are emerging through a transdisciplinary expert consensus on what has been termed the Cognitive Fitness Framework (CF2). These dimensions represent key drivers of cognitive performance under pressure across many occupations, from first responders to sport, performing arts and the military. The constructs forming the building blocks of CF2 come from the RDoC framework, an initiative of the US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) aimed at identifying the cognitive processes underlying normal and abnormal behavior. Similar to physical conditioning, cognitive fitness can be improved with deliberate practice. This paper reports the development of a prototype cognitive fitness training program for competitive athletes and the protocol for its evaluation. The program is focused on primary cognitive capacities and subtending skills for adjusting training rhythms and enhancing readiness for competition. The project is driven by the Australian Psychological Society's College of Sport & Exercise Psychology and includes the development of a Cognitive Gym program for a smartphone app-enhanced implementation. Its key building blocks are training protocols (drills) connected by a periodized training plan. A website with background supporting resources has also been developed as part of the project. National-level training squads will participate in a three-week pilot evaluation protocol, assessing the program's efficacy and usability through gamified cognitive assessment of participants' training gains and coaching staff evaluations, respectively. Both near and far transfer of training effects will be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Aidman
- College of Sport and Exercise Psychologists, Australian Psychological Society, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Division of Human and Decision Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerard J. Fogarty
- College of Sport and Exercise Psychologists, Australian Psychological Society, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - John Crampton
- College of Sport and Exercise Psychologists, Australian Psychological Society, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Bond
- College of Sport and Exercise Psychologists, Australian Psychological Society, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Taylor
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Heathcote
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Leonard Zaichkowsky
- College of Education & Human Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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25
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Toups K, Hathaway A, Gordon D, Chung H, Raji C, Boyd A, Hill BD, Hausman-Cohen S, Attarha M, Chwa WJ, Jarrett M, Bredesen DE. Precision Medicine Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease: Successful Pilot Project. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1411-1421. [PMID: 35811518 PMCID: PMC9484109 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Effective therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease are needed. However, previous clinical trials have pre-determined a single treatment modality, such as a drug candidate or therapeutic procedure, which may be unrelated to the primary drivers of the neurodegenerative process. Therefore, increasing data set size to include the potential contributors to cognitive decline for each patient, and addressing the identified potential contributors, may represent a more effective strategy. Objective: To determine whether a precision medicine approach to Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment is effective enough in a proof-of-concept trial to warrant a larger, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Methods: Twenty-five patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment, with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores of 19 or higher, were evaluated for markers of inflammation, chronic infection, dysbiosis, insulin resistance, protein glycation, vascular disease, nocturnal hypoxemia, hormone insufficiency or dysregulation, nutrient deficiency, toxin or toxicant exposure, and other biochemical parameters associated with cognitive decline. Brain magnetic resonance imaging with volumetrics was performed at baseline and study conclusion. Patients were treated for nine months with a personalized, precision medicine protocol, and cognition was assessed at t = 0, 3, 6, and 9 months. Results: All outcome measures revealed improvement: statistically significant improvement in MoCA scores, CNS Vital Signs Neurocognitive Index, and Alzheimer’s Questionnaire Change score were documented. No serious adverse events were recorded. MRI volumetrics also improved. Conclusion: Based on the cognitive improvements observed in this study, a larger, randomized, controlled trial of the precision medicine therapeutic approach described herein is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kat Toups
- Bay Area Wellness, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cyrus Raji
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alan Boyd
- CNS Vital Signs, Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Won Jong Chwa
- Department of Radiology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Dale E. Bredesen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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26
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Chow BC, Jiao J, Man D, Lippke S. Study protocol for 'the effects of multimodal training of cognitive and/or physical functions on cognition and physical fitness of older adults: a cluster randomized controlled trial'. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:398. [PMID: 35524188 PMCID: PMC9073468 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The elderly population worldwide is increasing exponentially which will be associated with more people suffering from cognition and fitness declines. The well-established benefits of exercise training for the elderly’s cognitive and physical functioning have been observed. However, the amalgamated effect of combining cognitive and physical exercises on the older adults’ cognitive functions, physical fitness, or psycho-related health remains unclear. Thus, this study protocol was planned to conduct different combinations of cognitive and/or physical training interventions to community-dwelling older adults and expected to see the multifaceted effects of the varied combination of training on their health. Methods This study is a cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT). A total of 285 older adults (age ≥ 60) from twenty elderly centres as clusters will be randomly selected and assigned to intervention groups (IGs, n = 16) or control groups (CGs, n = 4). Each IG will be randomly assigned to one of the four combinations of three training modes that include cognitive (A), physical (B), and combined cognitive and physical training (CCPT, i.e. C), namely Mixed ABC, A + B, C + A, B + C. The intervention will last for 4 months in which the training is conducted for 16 sessions, 2 sessions per week, and 60 min per session. Four repeated assessments (pre-test, two post-training tests after 2 months and 4 months, and a follow-up test) will be conducted. The CG will only receive the four repeated assessments but no intervention. The outcome measures include cognitive tests (tests of execution, memory, and psych-social status), physical fitness, and dynamic balance tests. Discussion This study will provide substantial evidence that the integrated format of cognitive and physical exercises training will have higher cognition and fitness impact than the single training modes, and all these mixed modalities will have greater positive outcomes than the control condition. If the effectiveness is proven, the intervention can be further explored and extended to the nation so that many more elderly would be benefited. Trial registration The trial has been registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov in U.S. NIH (ID: NCT04727450, date: January 27, 2021). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-03031-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bik-Chu Chow
- Dr. Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Dr. Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - David Man
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sonia Lippke
- Department of Psychology & Methods, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany
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27
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Safaei A, Rahmanian M, Oraki M, Zinchenko A. Video Game Play Does Not Improve Spatial Skills When Controlling for Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off: Evidence From Mental-Rotation and Mental-Folding Tasks. Percept Mot Skills 2022; 129:488-512. [PMID: 35395926 DOI: 10.1177/00315125221078982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have been divided on the efficacy of computerized cognitive training (CCT) for enhancing spatial abilities, transfer of training, and improving malleability of skills. In this study, we assessed the effects of puzzle video game training on subsequent mental rotation (MR) and mental folding (MF) performance among adults with no cognitive impairment. We assessed participants at baseline with the Shepard-Metzler MR test followed by the differential aptitude test: space relations MF test (i.e., far transfer). We ranked participants' skills on these pre-tests and used a matching technique to form two skill groups from which we then randomly assigned members of each skill group either to an experimental group or a wait-list control group. The experimental group played two puzzle video games closely related to two-dimensional and three-dimensional MR tasks during 4-week training sessions (total of 12 hour of video games). Post-training, participants completed the MR and MF tests again. Two months later, we re-assessed only the experimental group's spatial skills to explore the sustainability of the trained performance. In addition to response times (RT) and error scores (ES), reported separately, we combined these variables into rate correct scores (RCS) to form an integrated measure of potential speed-accuracy trade-offs (SAT). As a result, we did not find significant improvements in MR performance from CCT engagement, nor did participants show a transfer of skills obtained by practicing MR-related puzzle games to a MF task. Based on the current findings, we urge caution when proposing a game-based intervention as a training tool to enhance spatial abilities. We argue that separately interpreting individual test measures can be misleading, as they only partially represent performance. In contrast, composite scores illuminate underlying cognitive strategies and best determine whether an observed improvement is attributable to enhanced capacities or individual heuristics and learned cognitive shortcuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Safaei
- Faculty of Psychology, 125635Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Oraki
- Faculty of Psychology, 125635Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Artyom Zinchenko
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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28
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COVID-19: Barriers to Physical Activity in Older Adults, a Decline in Health or Economy? JOURNAL OF RISK AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jrfm15020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since spring 2020, in response to the global threat of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several governments implemented emergency policies and regulations to prevent further transmission of the disease[...]
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29
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Brauner P, Ziefle M. Social acceptance of serious games for physical and cognitive training in older adults residing in ambient assisted living environments. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Although ambient assisted living (AAL) environments and serious games for healthcare have been proposed as solutions to meet the changing demographics, the two approaches are rarely combined. We present the development and empirical evaluation of two serious games for healthcare in AAL. The first uses a cooking scenario for training of cognitive functioning. The latter uses a gardening scenario and motion capture for training agility and endurance. As the frequent lack of social acceptance is a major challenge in consumer health technology, we integrated methods of technology acceptance research by means of the UTAUT2-model and intention to use into the evaluation.
Subject and methods
We developed both games utilizing user-centered and participatory design methods ranging from low-fidelity paper prototypes to usability and acceptance evaluations of functional prototypes. In the final evaluation, each game prototype was evaluated by 64 participants form different age groups.
Results
The results show that although performance decreases with age, the performance attained in the games is not decisive for social acceptance measured as intention to use. However, user diversity factors shape the evaluation of the games, and older people and people with low technical competence are in danger of being excluded from using serious games for healthcare.
Conclusion
Exercise games, if designed right, can mitigate the negative effects of demographic change. Nevertheless, user diversity needs must be considered to ensure that the games are usable and used by a broad audience. The article concludes with guidelines and open research questions for the design of serious games in AAL environments.
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30
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Lawrence BJ, Eikelboom RH, Jayakody DMP. Auditory-cognitive training for adult cochlear implant recipients: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:793. [PMID: 34772432 PMCID: PMC8588651 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need to develop new therapies to improve cognitive function in adults following cochlear implant surgery. This study aims to determine if completing at-home computer-based brain training activities improve memory and thinking skills in adults following their first cochlear implant. METHODS This study will be conducted as a single-blind, head-to-head, randomised controlled trial (RCT). It will determine whether auditory training combined with adaptive computerised cognitive training will elicit greater improvement in cognition, sound and speech perception, mood, and quality of life outcomes in adult cochlear implant recipients, when compared to auditory training combined with non-adaptive (i.e. placebo) computerised cognitive training. Participants 18 years or older who meet the clinical criteria for a cochlear implant will be recruited into the study. RESULTS The results of this trial will clarify whether the auditory training combined with cognitive training will improve cognition, sound and speech perception, mood, and quality of life outcomes in adult cochlear implant recipients. DISCUSSION We anticipate that our findings will have implications for clinical practice in the treatment of adult cochlear implant recipients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619000609156 . Registered on April 23 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake J Lawrence
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Robert H Eikelboom
- Ear Science Institute Australia, 1 Salvado Road, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Dona M P Jayakody
- Ear Science Institute Australia, 1 Salvado Road, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia.
- Ear Sciences Centre, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
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31
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Cogmed Training Does Not Generalize to Real-World Benefits for Adult Hearing Aid Users: Results of a Blinded, Active-Controlled Randomized Trial. Ear Hear 2021; 43:741-763. [PMID: 34524150 PMCID: PMC9007089 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Performance on working memory tasks is positively associated with speech-in-noise perception performance, particularly where auditory inputs are degraded. It is suggested that interventions designed to improve working memory capacity may improve domain-general working memory performance for people with hearing loss, to benefit their real-world listening. We examined whether a 5-week training program that primarily targets the storage component of working memory (Cogmed RM, adaptive) could improve cognition, speech-in-noise perception and self-reported hearing in a randomized controlled trial of adult hearing aid users with mild to moderate hearing loss, compared with an active control (Cogmed RM, nonadaptive) group of adults from the same population. Design: A preregistered randomized controlled trial of 57 adult hearing aid users (n = 27 experimental, n = 30 active control), recruited from a dedicated database of research volunteers, examined on-task learning and generalized improvements in measures of trained and untrained cognition, untrained speech-in-noise perception and self-reported hearing abilities, pre- to post-training. Participants and the outcome assessor were both blinded to intervention allocation. Retention of training-related improvements was examined at a 6-month follow-up assessment. Results: Per-protocol analyses showed improvements in trained tasks (Cogmed Index Improvement) that transferred to improvements in a trained working memory task tested outside of the training software (Backward Digit Span) and a small improvement in self-reported hearing ability (Glasgow Hearing Aid Benefit Profile, Initial Disability subscale). Both of these improvements were maintained 6-month post-training. There was no transfer of learning shown to untrained measures of cognition (working memory or attention), speech-in-noise perception, or self-reported hearing in everyday life. An assessment of individual differences showed that participants with better baseline working memory performance achieved greater learning on the trained tasks. Post-training performance for untrained outcomes was largely predicted by individuals’ pretraining performance on those measures. Conclusions: Despite significant on-task learning, generalized improvements of working memory training in this trial were limited to (a) improvements for a trained working memory task tested outside of the training software and (b) a small improvement in self-reported hearing ability for those in the experimental group, compared with active controls. We found no evidence to suggest that training which primarily targets storage aspects of working memory can result in domain-general improvements that benefit everyday communication for adult hearing aid users. These findings are consistent with a significant body of evidence showing that Cogmed training only improves performance for tasks that resemble Cogmed training. Future research should focus on the benefits of interventions that enhance cognition in the context in which it is employed within everyday communication, such as training that targets dynamic aspects of cognitive control important for successful speech-in-noise perception.
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Essery R, Pollet S, Smith KA, Mowbray F, Slodkowska-Barabasz J, Denison-Day J, Hayter V, Bradbury K, Grey E, Western MJ, Milton A, Hunter C, Ferrey AE, Müller AM, Stuart B, Mutrie N, Griffin S, Kendrick T, Brooker H, Gudgin B, Phillips R, Stokes T, Niven J, Little P, Yardley L. Planning and optimising a digital intervention to protect older adults' cognitive health. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:158. [PMID: 34407886 PMCID: PMC8371874 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND By 2050, worldwide dementia prevalence is expected to triple. Affordable, scalable interventions are required to support protective behaviours such as physical activity, cognitive training and healthy eating. This paper outlines the theory-, evidence- and person-based development of 'Active Brains': a multi-domain digital behaviour change intervention to reduce cognitive decline amongst older adults. METHODS During the initial planning phase, scoping reviews, consultation with PPI contributors and expert co-investigators and behavioural analysis collated and recorded evidence that was triangulated to inform provisional 'guiding principles' and an intervention logic model. The following optimisation phase involved qualitative think aloud and semi-structured interviews with 52 older adults with higher and lower cognitive performance scores. Data were analysed thematically and informed changes and additions to guiding principles, the behavioural analysis and the logic model which, in turn, informed changes to intervention content. RESULTS Scoping reviews and qualitative interviews suggested that the same intervention content may be suitable for individuals with higher and lower cognitive performance. Qualitative findings revealed that maintaining independence and enjoyment motivated engagement in intervention-targeted behaviours, whereas managing ill health was a potential barrier. Social support for engaging in such activities could provide motivation, but was not desirable for all. These findings informed development of intervention content and functionality that appeared highly acceptable amongst a sample of target users. CONCLUSIONS A digitally delivered intervention with minimal support appears acceptable and potentially engaging to older adults with higher and lower levels of cognitive performance. As well as informing our own intervention development, insights obtained through this process may be useful for others working with, and developing interventions for, older adults and/or those with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Essery
- Centre for Clinical and Community Applications of Health Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Sebastien Pollet
- Centre for Clinical and Community Applications of Health Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kirsten A Smith
- Centre for Clinical and Community Applications of Health Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Fiona Mowbray
- Centre for Clinical and Community Applications of Health Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Joanna Slodkowska-Barabasz
- Centre for Clinical and Community Applications of Health Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - James Denison-Day
- Centre for Clinical and Community Applications of Health Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Victoria Hayter
- Centre for Clinical and Community Applications of Health Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Katherine Bradbury
- Centre for Clinical and Community Applications of Health Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Alexander Milton
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Cheryl Hunter
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - Anne E Ferrey
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andre Matthias Müller
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.,Centre for Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Beth Stuart
- Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nanette Mutrie
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon Griffin
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tony Kendrick
- Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Bernard Gudgin
- Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) representative, Southampton, UK
| | - Rosemary Phillips
- Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) representative, Southampton, UK
| | - Tom Stokes
- Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) representative, Southampton, UK
| | - John Niven
- Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) representative, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul Little
- Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lucy Yardley
- Centre for Clinical and Community Applications of Health Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. .,School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Nguyen L, Murphy K, Andrews G. A Game a Day Keeps Cognitive Decline Away? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Commercially-Available Brain Training Programs in Healthy and Cognitively Impaired Older Adults. Neuropsychol Rev 2021; 32:601-630. [PMID: 34251578 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The rising prevalence rates of age-related cognitive impairment are a worldwide public concern, bringing about a surge in the number of "brain training" programs commercially available to the general public. Numerous companies advertise that their products improve memory and protect against cognitive decline, though researchers have voiced concerns regarding the validity of such claims. To address this issue, the current meta-analytic investigation examined evidence from 43 studies (encompassing 2,636 participants) to evaluate the efficacy of commercial training programs within two separate populations: healthy older adults and older adults with mild cognitive-impairment (MCI). Seven programs were identified: BrainGymmer, BrainHQ, CogMed, CogniFit, Dakim, Lumosity, and MyBrainTrainer. Analyses yielded small, significant near-transfer effects for both healthy and MCI samples. Far-transfer was not observed for the MCI sample, whereas a small, significant effect was found for subjective but not objective measures of far-transfer in the healthy sample. Analyses of individual domains (combining near-and far-transfer outcomes) yielded significant transfer to executive-functioning, memory, and processing-speed in healthy older adults. After adjusting for publication bias, only the effect size for processing speed remained significant. Transfer to attention, objective everyday functioning, fluid-intelligence, and visuospatial domains was not significant. Thus, whilst "brain training" may be suitable for enjoyment and entertainment purposes, there is currently insufficient empirical evidence to support that such training can improve memory, general cognition, or everyday functioning. This area of research is still in its infancy and warrants further investigation to provide more substantial evidence regarding the efficacy of this rapidly expanding industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Nguyen
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Karen Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Glenda Andrews
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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Zhang P, Wu D, Shang Y, Ren W, Liang J, Wang L, Li C. Initial performance predicts improvements in computerized cognitive training: Evidence from a selective attention task. Psych J 2021; 10:742-750. [PMID: 34219391 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Computerized cognitive training (CCT) has been found to improve a range of skills such as attention, working memory, inhibition control, and decision making. However, the relationship between the initial performance, amount of improvement, time constant, and asymptotic performance level in CCT is still unclear. In the current study, we performed selective attention training on college students and addressed this issue by mathematically modeling the learning curve with an exponential function. Twenty-nine students completed approximately 10 days of CCT. Presentation time served as the dependent variable and was measured by three-down/one-up adaptive algorithms. We fitted an exponential function to the estimated block thresholds during CCT and obtained three learning parameters (amount of improvement, time constant, and asymptotic performance level) for all subjects. The initial performance was defined by the sum of the amount of improvement and the asymptotic performance level. Pearson correlation analyses were conducted between the initial performance and the three leaning parameters. The initial performance was positively correlated with the amount of improvement and asymptotic performance level, but was negatively correlated with the time constant. The time constant was negatively correlated with the amount of improvement and asymptotic performance level. Poorer initial performance was linked to a larger amount of improvement, shorter time constant, and higher asymptotic threshold, which supported the compensation account. Our results may help improve the present understanding of the nature of the CCT process and demonstrate the advantages of using a customized training protocol to enhance the efficiency of cognitive training in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Military Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunfeng Shang
- Rehabilitation Department, The First People's Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, China
| | - Weicong Ren
- Department of Psychology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jin Liang
- China Institute of Marine Technology and Economy, Beijing, China
| | - Liyun Wang
- School of Nursing, Yueyang Vocational and Technical College, Yueyang, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Nursing, Yueyang Vocational and Technical College, Yueyang, China
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Who benefits from computerized cognitive training? Lower processing speed predicts greater cognitive improvement. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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36
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Bonnechère B, Klass M, Langley C, Sahakian BJ. Brain training using cognitive apps can improve cognitive performance and processing speed in older adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12313. [PMID: 34112925 PMCID: PMC8192763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Managing age-related decrease of cognitive function is an important public health challenge, especially in the context of the global aging of the population. Over the last years several Cognitive Mobile Games (CMG) have been developed to train and challenge the brain. However, currently the level of evidence supporting the benefits of using CMG in real-life use is limited in older adults, especially at a late age. In this study we analyzed game scores and the processing speed obtained over the course of 100 sessions in 12,000 subjects aged 60 to over 80 years. Users who trained with the games improved regardless of age in terms of scores and processing speed throughout the 100 sessions, suggesting that old and very old adults can improve their cognitive performance using CMG in real-life use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bonnechère
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK.
| | - Malgorzata Klass
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christelle Langley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Barbara Jacquelyn Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
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Yeo PS, Nguyen TN, Ng MPE, Choo RWM, Yap PLK, Ng TP, Wee SL. Evaluation of the Implementation and Effectiveness of Community-Based Brain-Computer Interface Cognitive Group Training in Healthy Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Randomized Controlled Implementation Trial. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e25462. [PMID: 33904819 PMCID: PMC8114157 DOI: 10.2196/25462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive training can improve cognition in healthy older adults. OBJECTIVE The objectives are to evaluate the implementation of community-based computerized cognitive training (CCT) and its effectiveness on cognition, gait, and balance in healthy older adults. METHODS A single-blind randomized controlled trial with baseline and follow-up assessments was conducted at two community centers in Singapore. Healthy community-dwelling adults aged 55 years and older participated in a 10-week CCT program with 2-hour instructor-led group classes twice a week. Participants used a mobile app to play games targeting attention, memory, decision making, visuospatial abilities, and cognitive flexibility. Implementation was assessed at the participant, provider, and community level (eg, reach, implementation, and facilitators and barriers). Effectiveness measures were the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Color Trails Test 2 (CTT-2), Berg Balance Scale, and GAITRite walkway measures (single and dual task gait speed, dual task cost, and single and dual task gait variability index [GVI]). RESULTS A total of 94 healthy community-dwelling adults participated in the CCT program (mean age 68.8 [SD 6.3] years). Implementation measures revealed high reach (125/155, 80.6%) and moderate adherence but poor penetration of sedentary older adults (43/125, 34.4%). The effectiveness data were based on intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analysis. In the ITT analysis, single task GVI increased (b=2.32, P=.02, 95% CI [0.30 to 4.35]) and RBANS list recognition subtest deteriorated (b=-0.57, P=.01, 95% CI [-1.00 to -0.14]) in both groups. In the PP analysis, time taken to complete CTT-2 (b=-13.5, P=.01, 95% CI [-23.95 to -3.14]; Cohen d effect size = 0.285) was faster in the intervention group. Single task gait speed was not statistically significantly maintained in the intervention group (b=5.38, P=.06, 95% CI [-0.30 to 11.36]) and declined in the control group (Cohen d effect size = 0.414). PP analyses also showed interaction terms for RBANS list recall subtest (b=-0.36, P=.08, 95% CI [-0.75 to 0.04]) and visuospatial domain (b=0.46, P=.08, 95% CI [-0.05 to 0.96]) that were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS CCT can be implemented in community settings to improve attention and executive function among healthy older adults. Findings help to identify suitable healthy aging programs that can be implemented on a larger scale within communities. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04439591; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04439591.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Shi Yeo
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tu Ngoc Nguyen
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mary Pei Ern Ng
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Tze Pin Ng
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiou Liang Wee
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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38
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Duda BM, Sweet LH. Functional brain changes associated with cognitive training in healthy older adults: A preliminary ALE meta-analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:1247-1262. [PMID: 30900077 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that cognitive training (CT) programs may provide healthy older adults (OAs) with cognitive benefits that are accompanied by alterations in neural activity. The current review offers the first quantitative synthesis of the available literature on the neural effects of CT in healthy aging. It was hypothesized that OAs would evidence increased and decreased neural activations across various challenging CTs, and that these effects would be observed as significantly altered clusters within regions of the frontoparietal network (FPN). Online databases and reference lists were searched to identify peer-reviewed publications that reported assessment of neural changes associated with CT programs in healthy OAs. Among the 2097 candidate studies identified, 14 studies with a total of 238 participants met inclusionary criteria. GingerALE software was used to quantify neural effects in a whole-brain analysis. The activation likelihood estimation technique revealed significant increases in activation following CT in the left hemisphere middle frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and posterior parietal cortex, extending to the superior occipital gyrus. Two clusters of diminished neural activity following CT were identified within the right hemisphere middle frontal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus, extending to the superior temporal gyrus. These results provide preliminary evidence of common neural effects of different CT interventions within regions of the FPN. Findings may inform future investigations of neuroplasticity across the lifespan, including clinical applications of CT, such as assessing treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant M Duda
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-3001, USA.
| | - Lawrence H Sweet
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-3001, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
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Roheger M, Liebermann-Jordanidis H, Krohm F, Adams A, Kalbe E. Prognostic Factors and Models for Changes in Cognitive Performance After Multi-Domain Cognitive Training in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:636355. [PMID: 33986652 PMCID: PMC8110835 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.636355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cognitive Training (CT) may contribute to the maintenance and even enhancement of cognitive functions in healthy older adults. However, the question who benefits most from multi-domain CTs is still highly under-investigated. Objective: The goal is to investigate prognostic factors and models for changes in cognitive test performance in healthy older adults after a multi-domain CT. Methods: The data bases MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, CENTRAL, and PsycInfo were searched up to July 2019. Studies investigating prognostic factors and/or models on cognitive outcomes (global cognition, memory, attention, executive functions, language, visuo-spatial abilities) after conducting a multi-domain CT in healthy older adults were included. Risk of Bias was assessed using the QUIPS and the PROBAST tool. Results: 23 prognostic factor and model studies were included. Results indicate a high heterogeneity regarding the conducted multi-domain CTs, the investigated prognostic factors, the investigated outcomes, and the used statistical approaches. Age and neuropsychological performance at study entry were the most investigated predictors, yet they show inconsistent results. Conclusion: Data on prognostic factors and models of changes after multi-domain CT are still too rare and inconsistent to draw clear conclusions due to statistical shortcomings and low reporting quality. Approaches for future research are outlined. Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, ID: CRD42020147531
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Roheger
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Medical Psychology
- Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hannah Liebermann-Jordanidis
- Department of Medical Psychology
- Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabian Krohm
- Department of Medical Psychology
- Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Adams
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elke Kalbe
- Department of Medical Psychology
- Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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40
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Reynolds GO, Willment K, Gale SA. Mindfulness and Cognitive Training Interventions in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Impact on Cognition and Mood. Am J Med 2021; 134:444-455. [PMID: 33385339 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With the lack of disease-modifying pharmacologic treatments for mild cognitive impairment and dementia, there has been an increasing clinical and research focus on nonpharmacological interventions for these disorders. Many treatment approaches, such as mindfulness and cognitive training, aim to mitigate or delay cognitive decline, particularly in early disease stages, while also offering potential benefits for mood and quality of life. In this review, we highlight the potential of mindfulness and cognitive training to improve cognition and mood in mild cognitive impairment. Emerging research suggests that these approaches are feasible and safe in this population, with preliminary evidence of positive effects on aspects of cognition (attention, psychomotor function, memory, executive function), depression, and anxiety, though some findings have been unclear or limited by methodological weaknesses. Even so, mindfulness and cognitive training warrant inclusion as current treatments for adults with mild cognitive impairment, even if there is need for additional research to clarify treatment outcomes and questions related to dose, mechanisms, and transfer and longevity of treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Willment
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Seth A Gale
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
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41
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Krebs C, Peter J, Wyss P, Brem AK, Klöppel S. Transcranial electrical stimulation improves cognitive training effects in healthy elderly adults with low cognitive performance. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:1254-1263. [PMID: 33875372 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of transcranial direct (tDCS) or alternating current stimulation (tACS) in boosting cognitive training efficiency in healthy older adults. We further explored whether such improvements depend on general cognitive performance or age. METHODS In this randomized, sham-controlled study, 59 healthy elderly participants (mean age 71.7) were assigned to receive computer-based cognitive training (10 sessions, 50 min, twice weekly) combined with tDCS (2 mA), tACS (5 Hz), or sham stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (20 minutes). Cognitive performance was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and a cognitive composite score derived from a broad neuropsychological test battery before and immediately after the intervention as well as at 6 and 12 months follow-ups. RESULTS Performance in the cognitive composite score improved significantly in all groups but was not further modulated by neurostimulation. Additional analyses revealed that participants with a low initial MoCA score (<1SD) improved significantly more in the tDCS than in the sham group. CONCLUSION TDCS increased the efficacy of cognitive training, but only in participants with initially low general cognitive performance. SIGNIFICANCE Cognitive interventions including tDCS should address baseline performance as modulating factor of cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Krebs
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Jessica Peter
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patric Wyss
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Katharine Brem
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neuropsychology, Lucerne Psychiatry, Lucerne, Switzerland; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stefan Klöppel
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Chapman SB, Fratantoni JM, Robertson IH, D'Esposito M, Ling GSF, Zientz J, Vernon S, Venza E, Cook LG, Tate A, Spence JS. A Novel BrainHealth Index Prototype Improved by Telehealth-Delivered Training During COVID-19. Front Public Health 2021; 9:641754. [PMID: 33796498 PMCID: PMC8007793 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.641754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Brain health is neglected in public health, receiving attention after something goes wrong. Neuroplasticity research illustrates that preventive steps strengthen the brain's component systems; however, this information is not widely known. Actionable steps are needed to scale proven population-level interventions. Objectives: This pilot tested two main objectives: (1) the feasibility/ease of use of an online platform to measure brain health, deliver training, and offer virtual coaching to healthy adults and (2) to develop a data driven index of brain health. Methods: 180 participants, ages 18-87, enrolled in this 12-week pilot. Participants took a BrainHealth Index™ (BHI), a composite of assessments encompassing cognition, well-being, daily-life and social, pre-post training. Participants engaged in online training with three coaching sessions. We assessed changes in BHI, effects of training utilization and demographics, contributions of sub-domain measures to the BHI and development of a factor analytic structure of latent BrainHealth constructs. Results: The results indicated that 75% of participants showed at least a 5-point gain on their BHI which did not depend on age, education, or gender. The contribution to these gains were from all sub-domains, including stress, anxiety and resilience, even though training focused largely on cognition. Some individuals improved due to increased resilience and decreased anxiety, whereas others improved due to increased innovation and social engagement. Larger gains depended on module utilization, especially strategy training. An exploratory factor analytic solution to the correlation matrix of online assessments identified three latent constructs. Discussion/Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrated the efficacy of an online platform to assess changes on a composite BrainHealth Index and efficacy in delivering training modules and coaching. We found that adults, college age to late life, were motivated to learn about their brain and engage in virtual-training with coaching to improve their brain health. This effort intends to scale up to thousands, thus the pilot data, tested by an impending imaging pilot, will be utilized in ongoing machine learning (ML) algorithms to develop a precision brain health model. This pilot is a first step in scaling evidence-based brain health protocols to reach individuals and positively affect public health globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Bond Chapman
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Julie M. Fratantoni
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ian H. Robertson
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
- Institute of Neuroscience, Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark D'Esposito
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Geoffrey S. F. Ling
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer Zientz
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Stacy Vernon
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Erin Venza
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Lori G. Cook
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Aaron Tate
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Spence
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
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43
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McPhee GM, Downey LA, Wesnes KA, Stough C. The Neurocognitive Effects of Bacopa monnieri and Cognitive Training on Markers of Brain Microstructure in Healthy Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:638109. [PMID: 33692683 PMCID: PMC7937913 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.638109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri (BM) is a herbal supplement that increases signaling molecules implicated in synaptogenesis. Combined with cognitive stimulation, it may be a viable supplement to enhance long-term potentiation (LTP) and improve cognitive health in older adults. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial asked 28 healthy adults aged over 55 years to complete cognitive training (CT) 3 hours weekly for 12 weeks. Fifteen consumed a standardized extract of BM and 13 consumed a placebo daily. Cognitive tasks, life-satisfaction, memory complaints and mood were assessed, and bloods analyzed for serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) before and after 12-weeks of the intervention. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) in gray (GM) and white matter (WM) were also analyzed. Results demonstrated slower reaction time in an image discrimination task in the BM group and faster reaction time in a spatial working memory task (SWM-O RT) in the placebo group. Mean accuracy was higher in the BM group for these tasks, suggesting a change in the speed accuracy trade-off. Exploratory neuroimaging analysis showed increased WM mean diffusivity (MD) and GM dispersion of neurites (orientation dispersion index, ODI) and decreased WM fractional anisotropy (FA) and GM neurite density (ND) in the BM group. No other outcomes reached statistical significance. An increase in ODI with a decrease in MD and ND in the BM group may indicate an increase in network complexity (through higher dendritic branching) accompanied by dendritic pruning to enhance network efficiency. These neuroimaging outcomes conflict with the behavioral results, which showed poorer reaction time in the BM group. Given the exploratory outcomes and inconsistent findings between the behavioral and neuroimaging data, a larger study is needed to confirm the synaptogenic mechanisms of BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M McPhee
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luke A Downey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Keith A Wesnes
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Wesnes Cognition Ltd., Streatley, United Kingdom.,University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Silva RLD, Bonando BM, Santos GDS, Jacinto AF, Vitorino LM. Internação hospitalar de pessoas idosas de um grande centro urbano brasileiro e seus fatores associados. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562021024.200335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a frequência de Internação Hospitalar (IH) nos últimos doze meses em pessoas idosas atendidos na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e seus fatores associados por meio de uma Avaliação Geriátrica Ampla (AGA). Métodos Estudo transversal, com amostra aleatória de 400 pessoas idosas atendidas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS). A avaliação da frequência de IH por pelo menos 24 horas foi autorreferida (sim; não). Utilizou-se questionário sociodemográfico e de saúde, instrumentos para avaliar as atividades básicas e instrumentais da vida diária, status cognitivo, sintomas depressivos, queda e medo de cair. A regressão logística múltipla foi utilizada para investigar os fatores associados à IH. Resultados A média de idade foi de 75,23 (±8,53), 63,2% dos participantes eram do sexo feminino, 62,6% relataram um estado de saúde ruim/razoável e 38% relataram hospitalização nos últimos doze meses. Idade mais avançada, com pior percepção de saúde, doenças crônicas, uso diário de medicamentos, dependentes para as atividades básicas e instrumentais da vida diária, comprometimento do status cognitivo e queda no ano anterior demonstraram associação com a hospitalização. Saber ler e escrever foi associado com menor risco de hospitalização. Conclusão A frequência de IH de pessoas idosas atendidas em UBS foi alta e foi associada a fatores modificáveis e não modificáveis, indicando que a abordagem multidimensional é uma ferramenta importante no cuidado da pessoa idosa na atenção primária à saúde.
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Sanchez-Castañeda C, Luis-Ruiz S, Ramon-Krauel M, Lerin C, Sanchez C, Miró N, Martínez S, Garolera M, Jurado MA. Executive Function Training in Childhood Obesity: Food Choice, Quality of Life, and Brain Connectivity (TOuCH): A Randomized Control Trial Protocol. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:551869. [PMID: 33718294 PMCID: PMC7943482 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.551869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Individuals with obesity are known to present cognitive deficits, especially in executive functions. Executive functions play an important role in health and success throughout the whole life and have been related to food decision-making and to the ability to maintain energy balance. It is possible to improve executive functions through targeted training. This would involve brain plasticity changes that could be studied through connectivity MRI. The general hypothesis of this study is that executive functions training in children with obesity can improve food choices and produce cognitive and neuroimaging changes (structural and functional connectivity), as well as improve emotional state and quality of life. Methods: Randomized controlled double-blind trial with 12-month follow-up. Thirty children with obesity will be randomly allocated into "executive training" (Cognifit with adaptive difficulty + Cogmed) or "control task" group (Cognifit without adaptive difficulty). Both groups will attend 30-45 min of individual gamified training (Cogmed and/or Cognifit systems) by iPad, five times per week during 6 weeks. Cogmed and Cognifit software are commercially available from Pearson and Cognifit, respectively. Participants will receive an iPad with both apps installed for a 6-week use. Participants will also receive counseling diet information via presentations sent to the iPad and will wear a Fitbit Flex 2 tracker to monitor daily activity and sleep patterns. Main outcomes will be cognitive, emotional, food decision, and quality-of-life measures, as well as neuroimaging measures. Participants are evaluated at baseline (T0), after treatment (T1), and 12 months since baseline (T2). Discussion: Longitudinal study with active control group and 3 time points: baseline, immediately after treatment, and 1 year after baseline. Threefold treatment: executive function training, psychoeducation, and feedback on activity/sleep tracking. We will evaluate the transfer effects of the intervention, including emotional and functional outcomes, as well as the effects on neural plasticity by connectivity MRI. Trial registration: This project has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (trial registration number NCT03615274), August 3, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sanchez-Castañeda
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Luis-Ruiz
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ramon-Krauel
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Endocrinology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Lerin
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Endocrinology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Consuelo Sanchez
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Núria Miró
- Diabetes Education Unit, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Sònia Martínez
- Pharmacy and Nutrition Unit, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Maite Garolera
- Neuropsychology Unit, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Jurado
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
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Saridakis I, Doukakis S. Cognitive Enhancement Through Mathematical Problem-Solving. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1338:209-216. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78775-2_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Cognitive Training (VRCT) and Computer-Based Cognitive Training (CBCT) for Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). ELECTRONICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics9122185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aims to assess the effectiveness of virtual reality cognitive training (VRCT) and conventional computer-based cognitive training (CBCT) in five specific cognitive domains (i.e., global cognitive function (GCF), memory (Mem), executive function (EF), language (Lang) and visuospatial skills (VS)) of individuals with mild cognitive impairment. A total of 320 studies were yielded from five electronic databases. Eighteen randomized controlled trials met the PRISMA criteria, with 10 related to VRCT and 8 related to CBCT. A random-effect model was used in determining the main effect of cognitive training in five specific cognitive domains. VRCT provided the largest effect size on VS and Lang while the smallest on EF. CBCT provided the largest effect size on Mem and Lang while the smallest on EF. VRCT and CBCT generate an opposite effect on VS. VRCT outweighs CBCT in treatment effectiveness of GCF, EF, Lang and VS. More immersive and interactive experiences in VRCT may help individuals with MCI better engage in real-life experiences, which supports skill generalization and reduces external distractions. CBCT tends to improve Mem but no definite conclusions can be made. Further investigation with more stringent research design and specific protocol are required to reach consensus about the optimum intervention regime.
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Gaspari M, Zini F, Stecchi S. Enhancing cognitive rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis with a disease-specific tool. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2020; 18:313-326. [PMID: 33259243 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2020.1849432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Computerised rehabilitation programs can be used to address cognitive deficits typically caused by multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there are still doubts on their effectiveness, due to mixed results obtained in clinical trials. The objective of this paper is to improve cognitive rehabilitation (CR) practices in MS, by presenting and assessing a MS-specific cognitive rehabilitation software. METHODS We conducted a detailed analysis of how CR is carried out in practice in MS rehabilitation centres. From the analysis, we elicited a reference CR process, and identified the essential features a software supporting the process should have. We designed and implemented MS-rehab, a novel MS-specific computerised rehabilitation system having the identified features. We experimented MS-rehab in a pilot study involving eight MS patients. To highlight the improvement with respect to the state of the art, we compared MS-rehab with available professional tools selected using well defined criteria. RESULTS This paper has three main contributions: (1) the identification of a set of essential features a computerised tool for CR in MS should provide; (2) MS-rehab, a novel CR system designed for MS therapists and patients, which embodies innovative MS specific features; (3) the assessment of MS-rehab efficacy in a pilot study with MS patients. CONCLUSIONS The availability of a MS-specific CR system like MS-rehab fosters the design of more rigorous clinical studies on the effectiveness of computerised rehabilitation in MS. MS-rehab demonstrated its potential and innovativeness as a tool for cognitive rehabilitation in MS.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONComputerized tools for cognitive rehabilitation (CR) in multiple sclerosis (MS) can be improved by a set of MS-specific features.The availability of advanced home-based cognitive rehabilitation mechanisms is fundamental for supporting standardized cognitive rehabilitation protocols in MS.A MS-specific CR system has given promising results in a pilot study involving MS patients.Hardly do state-of-the-art professional tools include all the required MS specific features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Gaspari
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Floriano Zini
- Faculty of Computer Science, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Sergio Stecchi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Huang S, Pan Z, Li Z, Zhu X, Ma T, Wu J. Ju Re Ba Du therapy for Postherpetic neuralgia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22992. [PMID: 33126377 PMCID: PMC7598878 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is one of the most common types of chronic neuropathic pain, which seriously affects quality of the life because of pain severity and poor response to the currently available treatments. Ju Re Ba Du therapy as a form of acupuncture therapy which is proved to be effective in RCTs and very suitable for patients, has been used in Postherpetic neuralgia in patients for a long time, therefore a systematic review is necessary to provide available evidence for further study. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The following databases will be searched from their inception to October 2020: Electronic database includes PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Nature, Science online, VIP medicine information, and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure). PRIMARY OUTCOME pain intensity assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS); Additional outcomes:Data will be extracted by two researchers independently, risk of bias of the meta-analysis will be evaluated based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. All data analysis will be conducted by data statistics software Review Manager V.5.3. and Stata V.12.0. RESULTS The results of this study will systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Ju Re Ba Du therapy intervention for people with Postherpetic neuralgia. CONCLUSION The systematic review of this study will summarize the current published evidence of Ju Re Ba Du therapy for the treatment of Postherpetic neuralgia, which can further guide the promotion and application of it. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is a systematic review, the outcomes are based on the published evidence, so examination and agreement by the ethics committee are not required in this study. We intend to publish the study results in a journal or conference presentations. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER September 29, 2020 osf.io/r6y9b. (https://osf.io/r6y9b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Huang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Zhengqi Pan
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Zimeng Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xinyun Zhu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Tingting Ma
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Franco-Martín MA, Diaz-Baquero AA, Bueno-Aguado Y, Cid-Bartolomé MT, Parra Vidales E, Perea Bartolomé MV, de la Torre Díez I, van der Roest HG. Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation program GRADIOR for mild dementia and mild cognitive impairment: new features. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2020; 20:274. [PMID: 33092577 PMCID: PMC7584078 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-020-01293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing number of older people and, with it, the increase of neurological impairments such as dementia has led to the implementation of the use of computer programs for cognitive rehabilitation in people with dementia. For 20 years, we have been developing the GRADIOR cognitive rehabilitation program and conducted several studies associated with its usability and effectiveness. This paper describes the development of the latest version of the GRADIOR computer-based cognitive rehabilitation program for people with different neurological etiologies, especially mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia. RESULTS GRADIOR is a program that allows cognitive evaluation and rehabilitation of people affected by cognitive impairment. The new version of GRADIOR is characterized by a structure that is dynamic and flexible for both user and therapist, consisting of: Clinical Manager, Clinical History Manager, Treatment Manager and Report Manager. As a structure based on specific requirements, GRADIOR includes a series of modalities and sub-modalities, each modality comprising a series of exercises with different difficulty levels. DISCUSSION Previous studies associated with earlier versions of GRADIOR have allowed the development of a new version of GRADIOR. Taking into account aspects associated with user experience, usability and effectiveness. Aspects that have made it possible to achieve a program that can meet the needs of older people with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Franco-Martín
- Psychiatric Department, Rio Hortega University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain
- Zamora Hospital, Zamora, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Research and Development, Iberian Research Psycho-Sciences Institute, INTRAS Foundation, Zamora, Spain
| | - Angie A Diaz-Baquero
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
- Department of Research and Development, Iberian Research Psycho-Sciences Institute, INTRAS Foundation, Zamora, Spain.
| | | | | | - Esther Parra Vidales
- IBIP Center for Clinical Care in Mental Health and Aging, INTRAS Foundation, Zamora, Spain
| | - María V Perea Bartolomé
- Basic Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology Department, Salamanca University, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Henriëtte G van der Roest
- Department on Aging, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos-Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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