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Moazzam M, Zhang M, Hussain A, Yu X, Huang J, Huang Y. The landscape of nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery and therapeutic development. Mol Ther 2024; 32:284-312. [PMID: 38204162 PMCID: PMC10861989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Five small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapeutics have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), namely patisiran, givosiran, lumasiran, inclisiran, and vutrisiran. Besides, siRNA delivery to the target site without toxicity is a big challenge for researchers, and naked-siRNA delivery possesses several challenges, including membrane impermeability, enzymatic degradation, mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) entrapment, fast renal excretion, endosomal escape, and off-target effects. The siRNA therapeutics can silence any disease-specific gene, but their intracellular and extracellular barriers limit their clinical applications. For this purpose, several modifications have been employed to siRNA for better transfection efficiency. Still, there is a quest for better delivery systems for siRNA delivery to the target site. In recent years, nanoparticles have shown promising results in siRNA delivery with minimum toxicity and off-target effects. Patisiran is a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based siRNA formulation for treating hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis that ultimately warrants the use of nanoparticles from different classes, especially lipid-based nanoparticles. These nanoparticles may belong to different categories, including lipid-based, polymer-based, and inorganic nanoparticles. This review briefly discusses the lipid, polymer, and inorganic nanoparticles and their sub-types for siRNA delivery. Finally, several clinical trials related to siRNA therapeutics are addressed, followed by the future prospects and conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Moazzam
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Abid Hussain
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Rigerna Therapeutics Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215127, China.
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2
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Zandanel C, Ponchel G, Noiray M, Vauthier C. Nanoparticles facing the gut barrier: Retention or mucosal absorption? Mechanisms and dependency to nanoparticle characteristics. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121147. [PMID: 34600059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A better knowledge on influence of nanomedicine characteristics on their biological efficacy and safety is expected to accelerate their clinical translation. This work aimed understanding of the oral fate of polymer-based nanomedicines designed with different characteristics. The influence of nanoparticle characteristics (size, zeta potential, molecular architecture surface design) was explored on biological responses evaluating their retention and absorption by rat jejunum using the Ussing chamber experimental model. Thermodynamic aspects of interactions between nanoparticles and model mucins were elucidated by isothermal titration calorimetry. The retention on mucosa varied between nanoparticles from 18.5 to 97.3 % of the initial amount after a simulation considering the entire jejunum length. Different mechanisms were proposed which promoted mucosal association or oppositely precluded any interactions. Strikingly, mucosal retention was profoundly affected by the size and nature of interactions with the mucus which depended on the nature of the coating material, but not on the zeta potential. The nanoparticle absorption simulated along the whole length of the intestine was low (0.01 to almost 3% of the initial amounts). A saturable mechanism including an upper nanoparticle size limit was evidenced but, needs now to be further elucidated. This work showed that the molecular design and formulation of nanoparticles can guide mechanisms by which nanoparticles interact with the mucosa. The data could be useful to formulators to address different oral drug delivery challenges ranging from the simple increase of residence time and proximity to the absorptive epithelium and systemic delivery using the most absorbed nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Zandanel
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8612, Chatenay Malabry F-92296, France
| | - Gilles Ponchel
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8612, Chatenay Malabry F-92296, France
| | - Magali Noiray
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8612, Chatenay Malabry F-92296, France
| | - Christine Vauthier
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8612, Chatenay Malabry F-92296, France.
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Asghar MY, Lassila T, Paatero I, Nguyen VD, Kronqvist P, Zhang J, Slita A, Löf C, Zhou Y, Rosenholm J, Törnquist K. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) knock down attenuates invasion and proliferation and enhances the expression of thyroid-specific proteins in human follicular thyroid cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5827-5846. [PMID: 34155535 PMCID: PMC8316191 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03880-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and the ORAI1 calcium channel mediate store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and regulate a multitude of cellular functions. The identity and function of these proteins in thyroid cancer remain elusive. We show that STIM1 and ORAI1 expression is elevated in thyroid cancer cell lines, compared to primary thyroid cells. Knock-down of STIM1 or ORAI1 attenuated SOCE, reduced invasion, and the expression of promigratory sphingosine 1-phosphate and vascular endothelial growth factor-2 receptors in thyroid cancer ML-1 cells. Cell proliferation was attenuated in these knock-down cells due to increased G1 phase of the cell cycle and enhanced expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory proteins p21 and p27. STIM1 protein was upregulated in thyroid cancer tissue, compared to normal tissue. Downregulation of STIM1 restored expression of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, thyroid specific proteins and increased iodine uptake. STIM1 knockdown ML-1 cells were more susceptible to chemotherapeutic drugs, and significantly reduced tumor growth in Zebrafish. Furthermore, STIM1-siRNA-loaded mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles attenuated invasion and proliferation of ML-1 cells. Taken together, our data suggest that STIM1 is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for treatment of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Asghar
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Taru Lassila
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Van Dien Nguyen
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Jixi Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shizheng Road, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Anna Slita
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Christoffer Löf
- Research Centre for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - You Zhou
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jessica Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kid Törnquist
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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Zandanel C, Noiray M, Vauthier C. Counterion of Chitosan Influences Thermodynamics of Association of siRNA with a Chitosan-Based siRNA Carrier. Pharm Res 2020; 37:22. [PMID: 31897766 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The work aimed to compare quality of a siRNA carrier prepared with chitosan of two different sources having similar degree of deacetylation and molecular weights. Differences were analyzed from thermodynamic characteristics of interactions with siRNA. METHODS The siRNA carrier (chitosan-coated poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles) was prepared with home-prepared, CSLab, and commercial, CSCom, chitosans. Chitosan counterion was identified and chitosans CSCommod1 and CSCommod2 were obtained from CSCom exchanging counterion with that found on CSLab. Carrier quality was checked considering the size, zeta potential and siRNA association capacity by gel electrophoresis. Thermodynamic parameters of interactions between siRNA and chitosans in solution or immobilized at the carrier surface were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). RESULTS CSLab and CSCommod2 having a high content of acetate counterion associated better siRNA than CSCom and CSCommod1 which counterion included mainly chloride. ITC measurements indicated that siRNA interactions with chitosan and the siRNA carrier were driven by entropic phenomena including dehydration, but thermodynamic parameters of interactions clearly differed according to the nature of the counterion of chitosan. The influence of chitosan counterions was interpreted considering their different lyotropic character. CONCLUSION Association of siRNA with our siRNA carrier was influenced by the nature of counterions associated with chitosan. Driven by entropic phenomena including dehydration, interactions were favored by acetate counterion. Although more work would be needed to decipher the influence of the counterion of chitosan during association with siRNA, it was pointed out as a new critical attribute of chitosan to consider while formulating siRNA carrier with this polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Zandanel
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.B. Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Magali Noiray
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.B. Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Christine Vauthier
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.B. Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France.
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5
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Palazzo C, Ponchel G, Vachon JJ, Villebrun S, Agnely F, Vauthier C. Obtaining nonspherical poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles by the stretching method applied with a marketed water-soluble film. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1233420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Palazzo
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Université Paris‐Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmacy, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Gilles Ponchel
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Jean Jacques Vachon
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Sarah Villebrun
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Florence Agnely
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Christine Vauthier
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
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Qiu C, Wei W, Sun J, Zhang HT, Ding JS, Wang JC, Zhang Q. Systemic delivery of siRNA by hyaluronan-functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles for tumor-targeted therapy. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13033-13044. [PMID: 27314204 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04034a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hyaluronan (HA)-functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP-AHA/siRNA NPs) were developed for an injectable and targetable delivery of siRNA, which were prepared by coating the alendronate-hyaluronan graft polymer (AHA) around the surface of calcium phosphate-siRNA co-precipitates. The prepared CaP-AHA/siRNA NPs had a uniform spherical core-shell morphology with an approximate size of 170 nm and zeta potential of -12 mV. The coating of hydrophilic HA improved the physical stability of nanoparticles over one month due to the strong interactions between phosphonate and calcium. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the negatively charged CaP-AHA/siRNA NPs could effectively deliver EGFR-targeted siRNA into A549 cells through CD44-mediated endocytosis and significantly down-regulate the level of EGFR expression. Also, the internalized CaP-AHA/siRNA NPs exhibited a pH-responsive release of siRNA, indicating that the acidification of lysosomes probably facilitated the disassembling of nanoparticles and the resultant ions sharply increased the inner osmotic pressure and thus expedited the release of siRNA from late lysosomes into the cytoplasm. Furthermore, in vivo tumor therapy demonstrated that high accumulation of CaP-AHA/siEGFR NPs in tumor led to a significant tumor growth inhibition with a specific EGFR gene silencing effect after intravenous administration in nude mice xenografted with A549 tumor, along with a negligible body weight loss. These results suggested that the CaP-AHA/siRNA NPs could be an effective and safe systemic siRNA delivery system for a RNAi-based tumor targeted therapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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7
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Liu R, Luo F, Liu X, Wang L, Yang J, Deng Y, Huang E, Qian J, Lu Z, Jiang X, Zhang D, Chu Y. Biological Response Modifier in Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 909:69-138. [PMID: 27240457 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7555-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological response modifiers (BRMs) emerge as a lay of new compounds or approaches used in improving cancer immunotherapy. Evidences highlight that cytokines, Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, and noncoding RNAs are of crucial roles in modulating antitumor immune response and cancer-related chronic inflammation, and BRMs based on them have been explored. In particular, besides some cytokines like IFN-α and IL-2, several Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists like BCG, MPL, and imiquimod are also licensed to be used in patients with several malignancies nowadays, and the first artificial small noncoding RNA (microRNA) mimic, MXR34, has entered phase I clinical study against liver cancer, implying their potential application in cancer therapy. According to amounts of original data, this chapter will review the regulatory roles of TLR signaling, some noncoding RNAs, and several key cytokines in cancer and cancer-related immune response, as well as the clinical cases in cancer therapy based on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No.138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd., mail box 226, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No.138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd., mail box 226, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China
| | - Luman Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No.138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd., mail box 226, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No.138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd., mail box 226, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuting Deng
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No.138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd., mail box 226, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Enyu Huang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No.138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd., mail box 226, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiawen Qian
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No.138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd., mail box 226, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No.138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd., mail box 226, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuechao Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No.138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd., mail box 226, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No.138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd., mail box 226, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No.138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd., mail box 226, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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8
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Alcalá-Alcalá S, Benítez-Cardoza CG, Lima-Muñoz EJ, Piñón-Segundo E, Quintanar-Guerrero D. Evaluation of a combined drug-delivery system for proteins assembled with polymeric nanoparticles and porous microspheres; characterization and protein integrity studies. Int J Pharm 2015; 489:139-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Falzarano MS, Passarelli C, Ferlini A. Nanoparticle delivery of antisense oligonucleotides and their application in the exon skipping strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nucleic Acid Ther 2014; 24:87-100. [PMID: 24506782 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2013.0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense therapy is a powerful tool for inducing post-transcriptional modifications and thereby regulating target genes associated with disease. There are several classes of antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) with therapeutic use, such as double-stranded RNAs (interfering RNAs, utilized for gene silencing, and single-stranded AONs with various chemistries, which are useful for antisense targeting of micro-RNAs and mRNAs. In particular, the use of AONs for exon skipping, by targeting pre-mRNA, is proving to be a highly promising therapy for some genetic disorders like Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy. However, AONs are unable to cross the plasma membrane unaided, and several other obstacles still remain to be overcome, in particular their instability due to their nuclease sensitivity and their lack of tissue specificity. Various drug delivery systems have been explored to improve the bioavailability of nucleic acids, and nanoparticles (NPs) have been suggested as potential vectors for DNA/RNA. This review describes the recent progress in AON conjugation with natural and synthetic delivery systems, and provides an overview of the efficacy of NP-AON complexes as an exon-skipping treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Falzarano
- 1 Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara, Italy
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10
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Resnier P, LeQuinio P, Lautram N, André E, Gaillard C, Bastiat G, Benoit JP, Passirani C. Efficient in vitro gene therapy with PEG siRNA lipid nanocapsules for passive targeting strategy in melanoma. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:1389-401. [PMID: 25262914 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene therapy is a promising strategy to temporarily inhibit the expression of proteins implicated in carcinogenesis or chemotherapy resistance. Although intra-tumoral administration can be envisaged, studies currently focus on formulating nanomedicines for intravenous injection to target tumor sites as well as metastases. The development of synthetic nanoparticles and liposomes has advanced greatly during the last decade. The objective of this work consists in formulating and optimizing the encapsulation of siRNA into lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) for efficient gene therapy to target melanoma cells. SiRNA LNCs were prepared from DOTAP/DOPE lipoplexes, and the siRNA amount and lipid/siRNA charge ratio were assayed to improve the stability and the encapsulation yield. Cryo-TEM imaging of the siRNA lipoplexes and LNC morphology revealed specific organization of the siRNA DOTAP/DOPE lipoplexes as well as specific lipid microstructures that can be eliminated by purification. No cytotoxicity of the siRNA LNCs against the melanoma SK-Mel28 cell line was observed at concentrations of up to 500 ng/mL siRNA. In vitro siRNA transfection experiments, compared to Oligofectamine™, demonstrated interesting targeted gene silencing effects. Finally, complement activation assays confirmed the feasibility of the PEGylation of siRNA LNCs as part of a passive targeting strategy for future in vivo melanoma- and metastasis-targeting experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Resnier
- PRES LUNAM, Universit é d'Angers, Angers, France; INSERM, Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, Angers, France
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11
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Ballarín-González B, Ebbesen MF, Howard KA. Polycation-based nanoparticles for RNAi-mediated cancer treatment. Cancer Lett 2014; 352:66-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Ali HM, Urbinati G, Raouane M, Massaad-Massade L. Significance and applications of nanoparticles in siRNA delivery for cancer therapy. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 5:403-12. [PMID: 22943120 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.12.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Ali
- UMR CNRS 8203, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
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13
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Videira M, Arranja A, Rafael D, Gaspar R. Preclinical development of siRNA therapeutics: towards the match between fundamental science and engineered systems. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 10:689-702. [PMID: 24333589 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The evolution of synthetic RNAi faces the paradox of interfering with the human biological environment. Due to the fact that all cell physiological processes can be target candidates, silencing a precise biological pathway could be challenging if target selectivity is not properly addressed. Molecular biology has provided scientific tools to suppress some of the most critical issues in gene therapy, while setting the standards for siRNA clinical application. However, the protein down-regulation through the mRNA silencing is intimately related to the sequence-specific siRNA ability to interact accurately with the potential target. Moreover, its in vivo biological fate is highly dependent on the successful design of a vehicle able to overcome both extracellular and intracellular barriers. Anticipating a great deal of innovation, crucial to meet the challenges involved in the RNAi therapeutics, the present review intends to build up a synopsis on the delivery strategies currently developed. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This review discusses recent progress and pertinent limiting factors related to the use of siRNA-s as efficient protein-specific "silencing" agents, focusing on targeted delivery not only to cells of interest, but to the proper intracellular destination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Videira
- iMed.UL - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - A Arranja
- iMed.UL - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D Rafael
- iMed.UL - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R Gaspar
- iMed.UL - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Vauthier C, Zandanel C, Ramon AL. Chitosan-based nanoparticles for in vivo delivery of interfering agents including siRNA. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Raemdonck K, Martens TF, Braeckmans K, Demeester J, De Smedt SC. Polysaccharide-based nucleic acid nanoformulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1123-47. [PMID: 23680381 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic application of nucleic acids requires their encapsulation in nanosized carriers that enable safe and efficient intracellular delivery. Before the desired site of action is reached, drug-loaded nanoparticles (nanomedicines) encounter numerous extra- and intracellular barriers. Judicious nanocarrier design is highly needed to stimulate nucleic acid delivery across these barriers and maximize the therapeutic benefit. Natural polysaccharides are widely used for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications due to their inherent biocompatibility. At present, there is a growing interest in applying these biopolymers for the development of nanomedicines. This review highlights various polysaccharides and their derivatives, currently employed in the design of nucleic acid nanocarriers. In particular, recent progress made in polysaccharide-assisted nucleic acid delivery is summarized and the specific benefits that polysaccharides might offer to improve the delivery process are critically discussed.
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Resnier P, Montier T, Mathieu V, Benoit JP, Passirani C. A review of the current status of siRNA nanomedicines in the treatment of cancer. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6429-43. [PMID: 23727262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference currently offers new opportunities for gene therapy by the specific extinction of targeted gene(s) in cancer diseases. However, the main challenge for nucleic acid delivery still remains its efficacy through intravenous administration. Over the last decade, many delivery systems have been developed and optimized to encapsulate siRNA and to specifically promote their delivery into tumor cells and improve their pharmacokinetics for anti-cancer purposes. This review aims to sum up the potential targets in numerous pathways and the properties of recently optimized siRNA synthetic nanomedicines with their preclinical applications and efficacy. Future perspectives in cancer treatment are discussed including promising concomitant treatment with chemotherapies or other siRNA. The outcomes in human clinical trials are also presented.
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Ramon AL, Bertrand JR, de Martimprey H, Bernard G, Ponchel G, Malvy C, Vauthier C. siRNA associated with immunonanoparticles directed against cd99 antigen improves gene expression inhibitionin vivoin Ewing's sarcoma. J Mol Recognit 2013; 26:318-29. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. R. Bertrand
- CNRS UMR 8203 Vectorologie et thérapeutiques anticancéreuses; 114 rue Edouard Vaillant; 94805; Villejuif Cedex; France
| | | | | | | | - C. Malvy
- CNRS UMR 8203 Vectorologie et thérapeutiques anticancéreuses; 114 rue Edouard Vaillant; 94805; Villejuif Cedex; France
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Breul AM, Hager MD, Schubert US. Fluorescent monomers as building blocks for dye labeled polymers: synthesis and application in energy conversion, biolabeling and sensors. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5366-407. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35478d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Persistent dystrophin protein restoration 90 days after a course of intraperitoneally administered naked 2'OMePS AON and ZM2 NP-AON complexes in mdx mice. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:897076. [PMID: 23091362 PMCID: PMC3471065 DOI: 10.1155/2012/897076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the exon-skipping approach has obtained proof of concept in animal models, myogenic cell cultures, and following local and systemic administration in Duchenne patients. Indeed, we have previously demonstrated that low doses (7.5 mg/Kg/week) of 2′-O-methyl-phosphorothioate antisense oligoribonucleotides (AONs) adsorbed onto ZM2 nanoparticles provoke widespread dystrophin restoration 7 days after intraperitoneal treatment in mdx mice. In this study, we went on to test whether this dystrophin restoration was still measurable 90 days from the end of the same treatment. Interestingly, we found that both western blot and immunohistochemical analysis (up to 7% positive fibres) were still able to detect dystrophin protein in the skeletal muscles of ZM2-AON-treated mice at this time, and the level of exon-23 skipping could still be assessed by RT real-time PCR (up to 10% of skipping percentage). In contrast, the protein was undetectable by western blot analysis in the skeletal muscles of mdx mice treated with an identical dose of naked AON, and the percentage of dystrophin-positive fibres and exon-23 skipping were reminiscent of those of untreated mdx mice. Our data therefore demonstrate the long-term residual efficacy of this systemic low-dose treatment and confirm the protective effect nanoparticles exert on AON molecules.
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Guzman-Villanueva D, El-Sherbiny IM, Herrera-Ruiz D, Vlassov AV, Smyth HDC. Formulation approaches to short interfering RNA and MicroRNA: challenges and implications. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:4046-66. [PMID: 22927140 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference has emerged as a potentially powerful tool in the treatment of genetic and acquired diseases by delivering short interfering RNA (siRNA) or microRNA (miRNA) to target genes, resulting in their silencing. However, many physicochemical and biological barriers have to be overcome to obtain efficient in vivo delivery of siRNA and miRNA molecules to the organ/tissue of interest, thereby enabling their effective clinical therapy. This review discusses the challenges associated with the use of siRNA and miRNA and describes the nonviral delivery strategies used in overcoming these barriers. More specifically, emphasis has been placed on those technologies that have progressed to clinical trials for both local and systemic siRNA and miRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Guzman-Villanueva
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712-0120, USA
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Zandanel C, Vauthier C. Characterization of fluorescent poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles obtained by copolymerization of a fluorescent probe during Redox Radical Emulsion Polymerization (RREP). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 82:66-75. [PMID: 22634238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the work was to demonstrate that a polymerizable fluorescent labeled was incorporated in the core of chitosan/pluronic® F68-coated Poly(IsobutylCyanoAcrylate) (PIBCA) nanoparticles thanks to a covalent linkage. It was also aimed to show that the labeling did not modify the complement activation capacity of the nanoparticles which are designed as drug carriers for the in vivo delivery of siRNA. METHOD Fluorescent nanoparticles were prepared by adding a fluorescent monomer dye, methacryloxyethyl thiocarbamoyl rhodamine B during the preparation of nanoparticles by redox radical emulsion polymerization. The structure and composition of the fluorescent nanoparticles was investigated. The capacity of the fluorescent nanoparticles to activate the complement system was evaluated by 2D immunoelectrophoresis. RESULTS Results from the analysis of the composition and structure of polymers forming the nanoparticles showed that the fluorescent dye was incorporated in the core of the nanoparticles by formation of a stable covalent linkage with PIBCA. The labeled nanoparticles showed the same surface properties as the corresponding non-labeled nanoparticles based on analysis of the polymer structure, physicochemical properties and evaluation of their capacity to activate the complement system. CONCLUSION This work showed that the fluorescent PIBCA nanoparticles were labeled by incorporation of the fluorescent probe in the nanoparticle core and that the fluorescent probe did not modify the nanoparticle surface properties. These fluorescent nanoparticles can be proposed as relevant models to investigate how they deliver siRNA to their biological target in cell cultures and during in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Zandanel
- Pharmacotechnie, Biopharmacie, Université de Paris Sud, Chatenay Malabry, France
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The Interactions between Blood and Polymeric Nanoparticles Depend on the Nature and Structure of the Hydrogel Covering the Surface. Polymers (Basel) 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/polym4020986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Al-Qadi S, Grenha A, Remuñán-López C. Chitosan and its derivatives as nanocarriers for siRNA delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(12)50003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Strategies for the nanoencapsulation of hydrophilic molecules in polymer-based nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2011; 32:8593-604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lira MCB, Santos-Magalhães NS, Nicolas V, Marsaud V, Silva MPC, Ponchel G, Vauthier C. Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of newly synthesized fucoidan-coated nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 79:162-70. [PMID: 21349331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to synthesize and characterize fucoidan-coated poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were prepared by anionic emulsion polymerization (AEP) and by redox radical emulsion polymerization (RREP) of isobutylcyanoacrylate using fucoidan as a new coating material. The nanoparticles were characterized, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro on J774 macrophage and NIH-3T3 fibroblast cell lines. Cellular uptake of labeled nanoparticles was investigated by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that both methods were suitable to prepare stable formulations of fucoidan-coated PIBCA nanoparticles. Stable dispersions of nanoparticles were obtained by AEP with up to 100% fucoidan as coating material. By the RREP method, stable suspensions of nanoparticles were obtained with only up to 25% fucoidan in a blend of polysaccharide composed of dextran and fucoidan. The zeta potential of fucoidan-coated nanoparticles was decreased depending on the percentage of fucoidan. It reached the value of -44 mV for nanoparticles prepared by AEP with 100% of fucoidan. Nanoparticles made by AEP appeared more than four times more cytotoxic (IC(50) below 2 μg/mL) on macrophages J774 than nanoparticles made by RREP (IC(50) above 9 μg/mL). In contrast, no significant difference in cytotoxicity was highlighted by incubation of the nanoparticles with a fibroblast cell line. On fibroblasts, both types of nanoparticles showed similar cytotoxicity. Confocal fluorescence microscopy observations revealed that all types of nanoparticles were taken up by both cell lines. The distribution of the fluorescence in the cells varied greatly with the type of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C B Lira
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Metwally AA, Pourzand C, Blagbrough IS. Efficient Gene Silencing by Self-Assembled Complexes of siRNA and Symmetrical Fatty Acid Amides of Spermine. Pharmaceutics 2011; 3:125-40. [PMID: 24310492 PMCID: PMC3864230 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics3020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene silencing by siRNA (synthetic dsRNA of 21-25 nucleotides) is a well established biological tool in gene expression studies and has a promising therapeutic potential for difficult-to-treat diseases. Five fatty acids of various chain length and oxidation state (C12:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C22:1) were conjugated to the naturally occurring polyamine, spermine, and evaluated for siRNA delivery and gene knock-down. siRNA delivery could not be related directly to gene silencing efficiency as N4,N9-dierucoyl spermine resulted in higher siRNA delivery compared to N4,N9-dioleoyl spermine. GFP silencing in HeLa cells showed that the unsaturated fatty acid amides are more efficient than saturated fatty acid amides, with N4,N9-dioleoyl spermine resulting in the most efficient gene silencing in the presence of serum. The alamarBlue cell viability assay showed that fatty acid amides of spermine have good viability (75%–85% compared to control) except N4,N9-dilauroyl spermine which resulted in low cell viability. These results prove that unsaturated fatty acid amides of spermine are efficient, non-toxic, non-viral vectors for siRNA mediated gene silencing.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The field of RNA interference technology has been researched extensively in recent years. However, the development of clinically suitable, safe and effective drug delivery vehicles is still required. AREAS COVERED This paper reviews the recent advances of non-viral delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) by nanoparticles, including biodegradable nanoparticles, liposomes, polyplex, lipoplex and dendrimers. The characteristics, composition, preparation, applications and advantages of different nanoparticle delivery strategies are also discussed in detail, along with the recent progress of non-viral nanoparticle carrier systems for siRNA delivery in preclinical and clinical studies. EXPERT OPINION Non-viral carrier systems, especially nanoparticles, have been investigated extensively for siRNA delivery, and may be utilized in clinical applications in the future. So far, a few preliminary clinical trials of nanoparticles have produced promising results. However, further research is still required to pave the way to successful clinical applications. The most important issues that need to be focused on include encapsulation efficiency, formulation stability of siRNA, degradation in circulation, endosomal escape and delivery efficiency, targeting, toxicity and off-target effects. Pharmacology and pharmacokinetic studies also present another great challenge for nanoparticle delivery systems, owing to the unique nature of siRNA oligonucleotides compared with small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yuan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy, Long Island University, 75 DeKalb Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11201-5497, USA.
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