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Dutta R, V Kolanjiyil A, Walenga RL, Chopski SG, Kaviratna A, Mohan AR, Newman B, Golshahi L, Longest W. CFD-PK model for nasal suspension sprays: Validation with human adult in vivo data for triamcinolone acetonide. Int J Pharm 2024; 665:124660. [PMID: 39236773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to expand and implement a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-Dissolution, Absorption and Clearance (DAC)-Pharmacokinetics (PK) multi-physics modeling framework for simulating the transport of suspension-based nasal corticosteroid sprays. The mean CFD-predicted peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) of the plasma concentration-time profile, based on three representative nasal airway models (capturing low, medium and high posterior spray deposition), were within one standard deviation of available in vivo PK data for a representative corticosteroid drug (triamcinolone acetonide). The relative differences in mean Cmax between predictions and in vivo data for low dose (110 µg) and high dose (220 µg) cases were 27.8% and 10.1%, respectively. The models confirmed the dose-dependent dissolution-limited behavior of nasally delivered triamcinolone acetonide observed in available in vivo data. The total uptake from the nasal cavity decreased from 68.3% to 51.3% for the medium deposition model as dose was increased from 110 to 220 µg due to concentration-limited dissolution. The modeling framework is envisioned to facilitate faster development and testing of generic locally acting suspension nasal spray products due to its ability to predict the impact of differences in spray characteristics and patient use parameters on systemic PK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabijit Dutta
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Arun V Kolanjiyil
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ross L Walenga
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Steven G Chopski
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Anubhav Kaviratna
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Abhinav R Mohan
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Bryan Newman
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Laleh Golshahi
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Worth Longest
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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2
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Yang S, Wang M, Wang T, Sun M, Huang H, Shi X, Duan S, Wu Y, Zhu J, Liu F. Self-assembled short peptides: Recent advances and strategies for potential pharmaceutical applications. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100644. [PMID: 37214549 PMCID: PMC10199221 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled short peptides have intrigued scientists due to the convenience of synthesis, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, inherent biodegradability and fast response to change in the physiological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to present a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in the last decade regarding the construction, route of administration and application of self-assembled short peptides based on the knowledge on their unique and specific ability of self-assembly. Herein, we firstly explored the molecular mechanisms of self-assembly of short peptides, such as non-modified amino acids, as well as Fmoc-modified, N-functionalized, and C-functionalized peptides. Next, cell penetration, fusion, and peptide targeting in peptide-based drug delivery were characterized. Then, the common administration routes and the potential pharmaceutical applications (drug delivery, antibacterial activity, stabilizers, imaging agents, and applications in bioengineering) of peptide drugs were respectively summarized. Last but not least, some general conclusions and future perspectives in the relevant fields were briefly listed. Although with certain challenges, great opportunities are offered by self-assembled short peptides to the fascinating area of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110102, China
| | - Mingge Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Tianye Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, The First Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Mengchi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hanwei Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110102, China
| | - Xianbao Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Shijie Duan
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110102, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110102, China
| | - Jiaming Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Funan Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110102, China
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3
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Sedaghat MH, Behnia M, Abouali O. Nanoparticle Diffusion in Respiratory Mucus Influenced by Mucociliary Clearance: A Review of Mathematical Modeling. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2023. [PMID: 37184652 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2022.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inhalation and deposition of particles in human airways have attracted considerable attention due to importance of particulate pollutants, transmission of infectious diseases, and therapeutic delivery of drugs at targeted areas. We summarize current state-of-the art research in particle deposition on airway surface liquid (ASL) influenced by mucociliary clearance (MCC) by identifying areas that need further investigation. Methodology: We aim to review focus on governing and constitutive equations describing MCC geometry followed by description of mathematical modeling of ciliary forces, mucus rheology properties, and numerical approaches to solve modified time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations. We also review mathematical modeling of particle deposition in ASL influenced by MCC, particle transport in ASL in terms of Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches, and discuss the corresponding mass transport issues in this layer. Whenever required, numerical predictions are contrasted with the pertinent experimental data. Results: Results indicate that mean mucus and periciliary liquid velocities are strongly influenced by mucus rheological characteristics as well as ciliary abnormalities. However, most of the currently available literature on mucus fiber spacing, ciliary beat frequency, and particle surface chemistry is based on particle deposition on ASL by considering a fixed value of ASL velocity. The effects of real ASL flow regimes on particle deposition in this layer are limited. In addition, no other study is available on modeling nonhomogeneous and viscoelastic characteristics of mucus layer on ASL drug delivery. Conclusion: Simplification of assumptions on governing equations of drug delivery in ASL influenced by MCC leads to imposing some limitations on numerical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Sedaghat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Behnia
- University of Central Florida School of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Omid Abouali
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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4
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Kolanjiyil AV, Walenga R, Babiskin A, Golshahi L, Hindle M, Longest W. Establishing quantitative relationships between changes in nasal spray in vitro metrics and drug delivery to the posterior nasal region. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122718. [PMID: 36781083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Nasal sprays are typically characterized using in vitro spray metrics such as spray cone angle and droplet size distribution. It is currently not clear how these in vitro metrics correlate with regional nasal deposition, and these relationships could help explain the impact of product differences. In this study, the effects of changes in spray cone angle, spray velocity, spray ovality and droplet size distribution on regional nasal deposition were analyzed using a validated computational fluid dynamics model in recently developed adult characteristic nasal airway anatomies. The impact of the spray on the surrounding air phase was included. Results indicated that changes in spray cone angle largely influenced the nasal posterior deposition (PD) of the drug. Changes in the plume ovality and characteristic droplet size moderately influenced PD, but the results were dependent on the insertion conditions and nasal geometry. Changes in spray velocity and uniformity constant of the droplet size distribution had only minimal influence on PD. The rank order of metrics having the greatest to least impact on PD was cone angle ≫ plume ovality ≫ characteristic droplet size ≫ velocity ≫ size distribution uniformity constant. Overall, results from this study established quantitative relationships for predicting expected changes in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun V Kolanjiyil
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ross Walenga
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Babiskin
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Laleh Golshahi
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael Hindle
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Worth Longest
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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5
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Seifelnasr A, Talaat M, Ramaswamy P, Si XA, Xi J. A Supine Position and Dual-Dose Applications Enhance Spray Dosing to the Posterior Nose: Paving the Way for Mucosal Immunization. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020359. [PMID: 36839681 PMCID: PMC9967276 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivering vaccines to the posterior nose has been proposed to induce mucosal immunization. However, conventional nasal devices often fail to deliver sufficient doses to the posterior nose. This study aimed to develop a new delivery protocol that can effectively deliver sprays to the caudal turbinate and nasopharynx. High-speed imaging was used to characterize the nasal spray plumes. Three-dimensional-printed transparent nasal casts were used to visualize the spray deposition within the nasal airway, as well as the subsequent liquid film formation and translocation. Influencing variables considered included the device type, delivery mode, release angle, flow rate, head position, and dose number. Apparent liquid film translocation was observed in the nasal cavity. To deliver sprays to the posterior nose, the optimal release angle was found to be 40° for unidirectional delivery and 30° for bidirectional delivery. The flow shear was the key factor that mobilized the liquid film. Both the flow shear and the head position were important in determining the translocation distance. A supine position and dual-dose application significantly improved delivery to the nasopharynx, i.e., 31% vs. 0% with an upright position and one-dose application. It is feasible to effectively deliver medications to the posterior nose by leveraging liquid film translocation for mucosal immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Seifelnasr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Mohamed Talaat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Pranav Ramaswamy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Xiuhua April Si
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA
| | - Jinxiang Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-978-934-3259
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6
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Chakravarty A, Panchagnula MV, Mohan A, Patankar NA. Pulmonary drug delivery and retention: A computational study to identify plausible parameters based on a coupled airway-mucus flow model. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010143. [PMID: 35653381 PMCID: PMC9197018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary drug delivery systems rely on inhalation of drug-laden aerosols produced from aerosol generators such as inhalers, nebulizers etc. On deposition, the drug molecules diffuse in the mucus layer and are also subjected to mucociliary advection which transports the drugs away from the initial deposition site. The availability of the drug at a particular region of the lung is, thus, determined by a balance between these two phenomena. A mathematical analysis of drug deposition and retention in the lungs is developed through a coupled mathematical model of aerosol transport in air as well as drug molecule transport in the mucus layer. The mathematical model is solved computationally to identify suitable conditions for the transport of drug-laden aerosols to the deep lungs. This study identifies the conditions conducive for delivering drugs to the deep lungs which is crucial for achieving systemic drug delivery. The effect of different parameters on drug retention is also characterized for various regions of the lungs, which is important in determining the availability of the inhaled drugs at a target location. Our analysis confirms that drug delivery efficacy remains highest for aerosols in the size range of 1-5 μm. Moreover, it is observed that amount of drugs deposited in the deep lung increases by a factor of 2 when the breathing time period is doubled, with respect to normal breathing, suggesting breath control as a means to increase the efficacy of drug delivery to the deep lung. A higher efficacy also reduces the drug load required to be inhaled to produce the same health effects and hence, can help in minimizing the side effects of a drug. Pulmonary drug delivery systems utilize the respiratory mechanism to directly deliver drugs to a target region of the lungs. The drug molecules deposit in the mucus lining, on reaching the target region, and are simultaneously transported away from the target region due to mucociliary transport and molecular diffusion. The availability of drugs at a target lung region and hence, efficacy of the drugs, therefore, determined by the delivery and retention of the drugs at the target region. The present study computationally solves the coupled transport equations to identify the conditions conducive for drug delivery and retention in the deep lungs. Drug delivery efficacy to the deep lung is observed to be highest for 1–5 μm aerosols. Breathing time period is also observed to influence efficacy. The amount of drugs deposited in the deep lung is observed to increase by a factor of 2 when the breathing time period is doubled with respect to normal breathing period. Such insights gained from this analysis will potentially help in devising mechanisms for increasing drug availability in the deep lung which is essential in achieving systemic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranyak Chakravarty
- School of Nuclear Studies and Application, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Mahesh V. Panchagnula
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Alladi Mohan
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, India
| | - Neelesh A. Patankar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Kolanjiyil AV, Alfaifi A, Aladwani G, Golshahi L, Longest W. Importance of Spray–Wall Interaction and Post-Deposition Liquid Motion in the Transport and Delivery of Pharmaceutical Nasal Sprays. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050956. [PMID: 35631539 PMCID: PMC9145669 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal sprays, which produce relatively large pharmaceutical droplets and have high momentum, are primarily used to deliver locally acting drugs to the nasal mucosa. Depending on spray pump administration conditions and insertion angles, nasal sprays may interact with the nasal surface in ways that creates complex droplet–wall interactions followed by significant liquid motion after initial wall contact. Additionally, liquid motion can occur after deposition as the spray liquid moves in bulk along the nasal surface. It is difficult or impossible to capture these conditions with commonly used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of spray droplet transport that typically employ a deposit-on-touch boundary condition. Hence, an updated CFD framework with a new spray–wall interaction (SWI) model in tandem with a post-deposition liquid motion (PDLM) model was developed and applied to evaluate nasal spray delivery for Flonase and Flonase Sensimist products. For both nasal spray products, CFD revealed significant effects of the spray momentum on surface liquid motion, as well as motion of the surface film due to airflow generated shear stress and gravity. With Flonase, these factors substantially influenced the final resting place of the liquid. For Flonase Sensimist, anterior and posterior liquid movements were approximately balanced over time. As a result, comparisons with concurrent in vitro experimental results were substantially improved for Flonase compared with the traditional deposit-on-touch boundary condition. The new SWI-PDLM model highlights the dynamicenvironment that occurs when a nasal spray interacts with a nasal wall surface and can be used to better understand the delivery of current nasal spray products as well as to develop new nasal drug delivery strategies with improved regional targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun V. Kolanjiyil
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (A.V.K.); (A.A.); (G.A.); (L.G.)
| | - Ali Alfaifi
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (A.V.K.); (A.A.); (G.A.); (L.G.)
| | - Ghali Aladwani
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (A.V.K.); (A.A.); (G.A.); (L.G.)
| | - Laleh Golshahi
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (A.V.K.); (A.A.); (G.A.); (L.G.)
| | - Worth Longest
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (A.V.K.); (A.A.); (G.A.); (L.G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Correspondence:
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8
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Farias G, Shur J, Price R, Bielski E, Newman B. A Systematic Approach in the Development of the Morphologically-Directed Raman Spectroscopy Methodology for Characterizing Nasal Suspension Drug Products. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:73. [PMID: 34008082 PMCID: PMC8131332 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00605-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Demonstrating bioequivalence (BE) of nasal suspension sprays is a challenging task. Analytical tools are required to determine the particle size of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and the structure of a relatively complex formulation. This study investigated the utility of the morphologically-directed Raman spectroscopy (MDRS) method to investigate the particle size distribution (PSD) of nasal suspensions. Dissolution was also investigated as an orthogonal technique. Nasal suspension formulations containing different PSD of mometasone furoate monohydrate (MFM) were manufactured. The PSD of the MFM batches was characterized before formulation manufacture using laser diffraction and automated imaging. Upon formulation manufacture, the droplet size, single actuation content, spray pattern, plume geometry, the API dissolution rate, and the API PSD by MDRS were determined. A systematic approach was utilized to develop a robust method for the analysis of the PSD of MFM in Nasonex® and four test formulations containing the MFM API with different particle size specifications. Although the PSD between distinct techniques cannot be directly compared due to inherent differences between these methodologies, the same trend is observed for three out of the four batches. Dissolution analysis confirmed the trend observed by MDRS in terms of PSD. For suspension-based nasal products, MDRS allows the measurement of API PSD which is critical for BE assessment. This approach has been approved for use in lieu of a comparative clinical endpoint BE study [1]. The correlation observed between PSD and dissolution rate extends the use of dissolution as a critical analytical tool demonstrating BE between test and reference products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Farias
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, UK. .,Nanopharm Ltd, an Aptar Pharma Company, Wales, UK.
| | - Jagdeep Shur
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Nanopharm Ltd, an Aptar Pharma Company, Wales, UK
| | - Robert Price
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Nanopharm Ltd, an Aptar Pharma Company, Wales, UK
| | - Elizabeth Bielski
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryan Newman
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Desale K, Kuche K, Jain S. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs): an overview of applications for improving the potential of nanotherapeutics. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1153-1188. [PMID: 33355322 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01755h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the field of nanotherapeutics, gaining cellular entry into the cytoplasm of the target cell continues to be an ultimate challenge. There are many physicochemical factors such as charge, size and molecular weight of the molecules and delivery vehicles, which restrict their cellular entry. Hence, to dodge such situations, a class of short peptides called cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) was brought into use. CPPs can effectively interact with the cell membrane and can assist in achieving the desired intracellular entry. Such strategy is majorly employed in the field of cancer therapy and diagnosis, but now it is also used for other purposes such as evaluation of atherosclerotic plaques, determination of thrombin levels and HIV therapy. Thus, the current review expounds on each of these mentioned aspects. Further, the review briefly summarizes the basic know-how of CPPs, their utility as therapeutic molecules, their use in cancer therapy, tumor imaging and their assistance to nanocarriers in improving their membrane penetrability. The review also discusses the challenges faced with CPPs pertaining to their stability and also mentions the strategies to overcome them. Thus, in a nutshell, this review will assist in understanding how CPPs can present novel possibilities for resolving the conventional issues faced with the present-day nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Desale
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab-160062, India.
| | - Kaushik Kuche
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab-160062, India.
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab-160062, India.
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10
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Agbo CP, Ugwuanyi TC, Ugwuoke WI, McConville C, Attama AA, Ofokansi KC. Intranasal artesunate-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: A convenient alternative to parenteral formulations for the treatment of severe and cerebral malaria. J Control Release 2021; 334:224-236. [PMID: 33894303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early treatment with parenteral antimalarials is key in preventing deaths and complications associated with severe and cerebral malaria. This can be challenging in 'hard-to-reach' areas in Africa where transit time to hospitals with facilities to administer drugs parenterally can be more than 6 h. Consequently, the World Health Organization has recommended the use of artesunate (ATS) suppositories for emergency treatment of patients, however, this treatment is only for children under 6 years. The intranasal route (INR) can provide a safe and effective alternative to parenteral and rectal routes for patients of all ages; thus, reducing delays to the initiation of treatment. Hence, we designed ATS-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for intranasal administration. ATS-NLCs were formulated using varying concentrations of lipid matrices made up of solidified reverse micellar solutions (SRMS) comprising a 1:2 ratio of Phospholipon ® 90H and lipids (Softisan ® 154 or Compritol ®). ATS-NLCs were spherical, and the small sizes of ATS-NLCs obtained for some formulations (76.56 ± 1.04 nm) is an indication that ATS-NLCs can pass through the nasal mucosa and reach the brain or systemic circulation. Encapsulation efficiency of ATS in NLCs was ≥70% for all formulations. ATS-NLCs achieved up to 40% in vitro drug release in 1 h, while ex vivo permeation studies revealed that formulating ATS as NLCs enhanced permeation through pig nasal mucosa better than drug solution. Most importantly, the activity and reduction in parasitaemia [in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA in a murine cerebral malaria model] by ATS-NLCs administered through the INR (54.70%, 33.28%) was comparable to intramuscular administration (58.80%, 42.18%), respectively. Therefore, intranasal administration of NLCs of ATS has great potentials to serve as a satisfactory alternative to parenteral administration for the treatment of severe and cerebral malaria in both adults and children in remote areas of sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinazom Precious Agbo
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
| | - Timothy Chukwuebuka Ugwuanyi
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Christopher McConville
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Anthony Amaechi Attama
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Kenneth Chibuzor Ofokansi
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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11
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Shang Y, Inthavong K, Qiu D, Singh N, He F, Tu J. Prediction of nasal spray drug absorption influenced by mucociliary clearance. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246007. [PMID: 33507973 PMCID: PMC7842989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of nasal spray drug absorption has been challenging because deposited particles are consistently transported away by mucociliary clearance during diffusing through the mucus layer. This study developed a novel approach combining Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques with a 1-D mucus diffusion model to better predict nasal spray drug absorption. This integrated CFD-diffusion approach comprised a preliminary simulation of nasal airflow, spray particle injection, followed by analysis of mucociliary clearance and drug solute diffusion through the mucus layer. The spray particle deposition distribution was validated experimentally and numerically, and the mucus velocity field was validated by comparing with previous studies. Total and regional drug absorption for solute radius in the range of 1 − 110nm were investigated. The total drug absorption contributed by the spray particle deposition was calculated. The absorption contribution from particles that deposited on the anterior region was found to increase significantly as the solute radius became larger (diffusion became slower). This was because the particles were consistently moved out of the anterior region, and the delayed absorption ensured more solute to be absorbed by the posterior regions covered with respiratory epithelium. Future improvements in the spray drug absorption model were discussed. The results of this study are aimed at working towards a CFD-based integrated model for evaluating nasal spray bioequivalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Shang
- College of Air Transportation, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China.,School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kiao Inthavong
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Dasheng Qiu
- Department of Nuclear medicine (Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography), Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fajiang He
- College of Air Transportation, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyuan Tu
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Zhao L, Kim M, Zhang L, Lionberger R. Generating Model Integrated Evidence for Generic Drug Development and Assessment. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 105:338-349. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Division of Quantitative Methods and ModelingOffice of Research and StandardsOffice of Generic DrugsCenter for Drug Evaluation and ResearchUS Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Myong‐Jin Kim
- Division of Quantitative Methods and ModelingOffice of Research and StandardsOffice of Generic DrugsCenter for Drug Evaluation and ResearchUS Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Office of Research and StandardsOffice of Generic DrugsCenter for Drug Evaluation and ResearchUS Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Robert Lionberger
- Office of Research and StandardsOffice of Generic DrugsCenter for Drug Evaluation and ResearchUS Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
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13
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Shang Y, Inthavong K, Tu J. Development of a computational fluid dynamics model for mucociliary clearance in the nasal cavity. J Biomech 2019; 85:74-83. [PMID: 30685195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intranasal drug delivery has attracted significant attention because of the opportunity to deliver systemic drugs directly to the blood stream. However, the mucociliary clearance poses a challenge in gaining high efficacy of intranasal drug delivery because cilia continuously carry the mucus blanket towards the laryngeal region. To better understand mucus flow behaviour on the human nasal cavity wall, we present computational model development, and evaluation of mucus motion on a realistic nasal cavity model reconstructed from CT-scans. The model development involved two approaches based on the actual nasal cavity geometry namely: (i) unwrapped-surface model in 2D domain and (ii) 3D-shell model. Conservation equations of fluid motion were applied to the domains, where a mucus production source term was used to initiate the mucus motion. The analysis included mucus flow patterns, virtual saccharin tests and quantitative velocity magnitude analysis, which demonstrated that the 3D-shell model results provided better agreement with experimental data. The unwrapped-surface model also suffered from mesh-deformations during the unwrapping stage and this led to higher mucus velocity compared to experimental data. Therefore, the 3D-shell model was recommended for future mucus flow simulations. As a first step towards mucus motion modelling this study provides important information that accurately simulates a mucus velocity field on a human nasal cavity wall, for assessment of toxicology and efficacy of intranasal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Shang
- College of Air Transportation, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China; School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Kiao Inthavong
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Jiyuan Tu
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, PO Box 1021, Beijing 100086, China
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Longest PW, Bass K, Dutta R, Rani V, Thomas ML, El-Achwah A, Hindle M. Use of computational fluid dynamics deposition modeling in respiratory drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:7-26. [PMID: 30463458 PMCID: PMC6529297 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1551875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory drug delivery is a surprisingly complex process with a number of physical and biological challenges. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a scientific simulation technique that is capable of providing spatially and temporally resolved predictions of many aspects related to respiratory drug delivery from initial aerosol formation through respiratory cellular drug absorption. AREAS COVERED This review article focuses on CFD-based deposition modeling applied to pharmaceutical aerosols. Areas covered include the development of new complete-airway CFD deposition models and the application of these models to develop a next-generation of respiratory drug delivery strategies. EXPERT OPINION Complete-airway deposition modeling is a valuable research tool that can improve our understanding of pharmaceutical aerosol delivery and is already supporting medical hypotheses, such as the expected under-treatment of the small airways in asthma. These complete-airway models are also being used to advance next-generation aerosol delivery strategies, like controlled condensational growth. We envision future applications of CFD deposition modeling to reduce the need for human subject testing in developing new devices and formulations, to help establish bioequivalence for the accelerated approval of generic inhalers, and to provide valuable new insights related to drug dissolution and clearance leading to microdosimetry maps of drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Worth Longest
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Karl Bass
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rabijit Dutta
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Vijaya Rani
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Morgan L. Thomas
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ahmad El-Achwah
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael Hindle
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Linking Suspension Nasal Spray Drug Deposition Patterns to Pharmacokinetic Profiles: A Proof-of-Concept Study Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. J Pharm Sci 2017; 105:1995-2004. [PMID: 27238495 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to link regional nasal spray deposition patterns of suspension formulations, predicted with computational fluid dynamics, to in vivo human pharmacokinetic plasma concentration profiles. This is accomplished through the use of computational fluid dynamics simulations coupled with compartmental pharmacokinetic modeling. Results showed a rapid initial rise in plasma concentration that is due to the absorption of drug particles deposited in the nasal middle passages, followed by a slower increase in plasma concentration that is governed by the transport of drug particles from the nasal vestibule to the middle passages. Although drug deposition locations in the nasal cavity had a significant effect on the shape of the concentration profile, the absolute bioavailability remained constant provided that all the drug remained in the nose over the course of the simulation. Loss of drug through the nostrils even after long periods resulted in a significant decrease in bioavailability and increased variability. The results of this study quantify how differences in nasal drug deposition affect transient plasma concentrations and overall bioavailability. These findings are potentially useful for establishing bioequivalence for nasal spray devices and reducing the burden of in vitro testing, pharmacodynamics, and clinical studies.
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Longest PW, Hindle M. Small Airway Absorption and Microdosimetry of Inhaled Corticosteroid Particles after Deposition. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2049-2065. [PMID: 28643237 PMCID: PMC5693636 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To predict the cellular-level epithelial absorbed dose from deposited inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) particles in a model of an expanding and contracting small airway segment for different particle forms. METHODS A computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based model of drug dissolution, absorption and clearance occurring in the surface liquid of a representative small airway generation (G13) was developed and used to evaluate epithelial dose for the same deposited drug mass of conventional microparticles, nanoaggregates and a true nanoaerosol. The ICS medications considered were budesonide (BD) and fluticasone propionate (FP). Within G13, total epithelial absorption efficiency (AE) and dose uniformity (microdosimetry) were evaluated. RESULTS Conventional microparticles resulted in very poor AE of FP (0.37%) and highly nonuniform epithelial absorption, such that <5% of cells received drug. Nanoaggregates improved AE of FP by a factor of 57-fold and improved dose delivery to reach approximately 40% of epithelial cells. True nanoaerosol resulted in near 100% AE for both drugs and more uniform drug delivery to all cells. CONCLUSIONS Current ICS therapies are absorbed by respiratory epithelial cells in a highly nonuniform manner that may partially explain poor clinical performance in the small airways. Both nanoaggregates and nanoaerosols can significantly improve ICS absorption efficiency and uniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Worth Longest
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 West Main Street, Virginia, 23284-3015, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
| | - Michael Hindle
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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