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Tan Z, Han X, Dai C, Lu S, He H, Yao X, Chen P, Yang C, Zhao L, Yang QY, Zou J, Wen J, Hong D, Liu C, Ge X, Fan C, Yi B, Zhang C, Ma C, Liu K, Shen J, Tu J, Yang G, Fu T, Guo L, Zhao H. Functional genomics of Brassica napus: Progresses, challenges, and perspectives. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:484-509. [PMID: 38456625 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Brassica napus, commonly known as rapeseed or canola, is a major oil crop contributing over 13% to the stable supply of edible vegetable oil worldwide. Identification and understanding the gene functions in the B. napus genome is crucial for genomic breeding. A group of genes controlling agronomic traits have been successfully cloned through functional genomics studies in B. napus. In this review, we present an overview of the progress made in the functional genomics of B. napus, including the availability of germplasm resources, omics databases and cloned functional genes. Based on the current progress, we also highlight the main challenges and perspectives in this field. The advances in the functional genomics of B. napus contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis underlying the complex agronomic traits in B. napus and will expedite the breeding of high quality, high resistance and high yield in B. napus varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengdong Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xu Han
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hanzi He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Peng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lun Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qing-Yong Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Jun Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dengfeng Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Chao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianhong Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuchuan Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bing Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kede Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guangsheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Bala M, Rehana S, Singh MP. Self-incompatibility: a targeted, unexplored pre-fertilization barrier in flower crops of Asteraceae. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:587-612. [PMID: 37452973 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Asteraceae (synonym as Compositae) is one of the largest angiosperm families among flowering plants comprising one-tenth of all agri-horticultural species grown across various habitats except in Antarctica. These are commercially utilized as cut and loose flowers as well as pot and bedding plants in landscape gardens due to their unique floral traits. Consequently, ineffective seed setting and presence of an intraspecific reproductive barrier known as self-incompatibility (SI) severely reduces the effectiveness of hybridization and self-fertilization by traditional crossing. There have been very few detailed studies of pollen-stigma interactions in this family. Moreover, about 63% of Aster species can barely self-fertilize due to self-incompatibility (SI). The chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium) is one of the most economically important ornamental plants in the Asteraceae family which hugely shows incompatibility. Reasons for the low fertility and reproductive capacity of species are still indefinite or not clear. Hence, the temporal pattern of inheritance of self-incompatibility and its effect on reproductive biology needs to be investigated further to improve the breeding efficiency. This review highlights the self-incompatible (SI) system operating in important Astraceous (ornamental) crops which are adversely affected by this mechanism along with different physiological and molecular techniques involved in breaking down self-incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Bala
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India.
| | - Shaik Rehana
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India
| | - Mohini Prabha Singh
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India
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Goring DR, Bosch M, Franklin-Tong VE. Contrasting self-recognition rejection systems for self-incompatibility in Brassica and Papaver. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R530-R542. [PMID: 37279687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) plays a pivotal role in whether self-pollen is accepted or rejected. Most SI systems employ two tightly linked loci encoding highly polymorphic pollen (male) and pistil (female) S-determinants that control whether self-pollination is successful or not. In recent years our knowledge of the signalling networks and cellular mechanisms involved has improved considerably, providing an important contribution to our understanding of the diverse mechanisms used by plant cells to recognise each other and elicit responses. Here, we compare and contrast two important SI systems employed in the Brassicaceae and Papaveraceae. Both use 'self-recognition' systems, but their genetic control and S-determinants are quite different. We describe the current knowledge about the receptors and ligands, and the downstream signals and responses utilized to prevent self-seed set. What emerges is a common theme involving the initiation of destructive pathways that block the key processes that are required for compatible pollen-pistil interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne R Goring
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, Wales, UK
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Xiong T, Ye F, Chen J, Chen Y, Zhang Z. Peptide signaling in anther development and pollen-stigma interactions. Gene 2023; 865:147328. [PMID: 36870426 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Polypeptides play irreplaceable roles in cell-cell communication by binding to receptor-like kinases. Various types of peptide-receptor-like kinase-mediated signaling have been identified in anther development and male-female interactions in flowering plants. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of the biological functions and signaling pathways of peptides and receptors involved in anther development, self-incompatibility, pollen tube growth and pollen tube guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiong
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Fan Ye
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Yurui Chen
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Zaibao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China.
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Li C, Long Y, Lu M, Zhou J, Wang S, Xu Y, Tan X. Gene coexpression analysis reveals key pathways and hub genes related to late-acting self-incompatibility in Camellia oleifera. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1065872. [PMID: 36762174 PMCID: PMC9902722 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1065872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-incompatibility (SI) is an important strategy for plants to maintain abundant variation to enhance their adaptability to the environment. Camellia oleifera is one of the most important woody oil plants and is widely cultivated in China. Late acting self-incompatibility (LSI) in C. oleifera results in a relatively poor fruit yield in the natural state, and understanding of the LSI mechanism remains limited. METHODS To better understand the molecular expression and gene coexpression network in the LSI reaction in C. oleifera, we conducted self- and cross-pollination experiments at two different flower bud developmental stages (3-4 d before flowering and 1 d before flowering), and cytological observation, fruit setting rate (FSR) investigation and RNA-Seq analysis were performed to investigate the mechanism of the male -female interaction and identify hub genes responsible for the LSI in C. oleifera. RESULTS Based on the 21 ovary transcriptomes, a total of 7669 DEGs were identified after filtering out low-expression genes. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) divided the DEGs into 15 modules. Genes in the blue module (1163 genes) were positively correlated with FSR, and genes in the pink module (339 genes) were negatively correlated with FSR. KEGG analysis indicated that flavonoid biosynthesis, plant MAPK signaling pathways, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and plant-pathogen interaction were the crucial pathways for the LSI reaction. Fifty four transcription factors (TFs) were obtained in the two key modules, and WRKY and MYB were potentially involved in the LSI reaction in C. oleifera. Network establishment indicated that genes encoding G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine (lecRLK), isoflavone 3'-hydroxylase-like (CYP81Q32), cytochrome P450 87A3-like (CYP87A3), and probable calcium-binding protein (CML41) were the hub genes that positively responded to the LSI reaction. The other DEGs inside the two modules, including protein RALF-like 10 (RALF), F-box and pectin acetylesterase (MTERF5), might also play vital roles in the LSI reaction in C. oleifera. DISCUSSION Overall, our study provides a meaningful resource for gene network studies of the LSI reaction process and subsequent analyses of pollen-pistil interactions and TF roles in the LSI reaction, and it also provides new insights for exploring the mechanisms of the LSI response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Long
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Junqin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- The Belt and Road International Union Research Center for Tropical Arid Non-wood Forest in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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Qin H, Li H, Abhinandan K, Xun B, Yao K, Shi J, Zhao R, Li M, Wu Y, Lan X. Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Pathways Are Downregulated during Stigma Development and Are Critical during Self-Incompatible Responses in Ornamental Kale. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113102. [PMID: 36361887 PMCID: PMC9656282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In Brassicaceae, the papillary cells of the stigma are the primary site of the self-incompatibility (SI) responses. SI preserves the genetic diversity by selectively rejecting irrelevant or incompatible pollen, thus promoting cross fertilization and species fitness. Mechanisms that regulate SI responses in Brassica have been studied mainly on the mature stigma that often undermines how stigma papillary cells attain the state of SI during development. To understand this, we integrated PacBio SMRT-seq with Illumina RNA-seq to construct a de novo full-length transcriptomic database for different stages of stigma development in ornamental kale. A total of 48,800 non-redundant transcripts, 31,269 novel transcripts, 24,015 genes, 13,390 alternative splicing, 22,389 simple sequence repeats, 21,816 complete ORF sequences, and 4591 lncRNAs were identified and analyzed using PacBio SMRT-seq. The Illumina RNA-seq revealed 15,712 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 8619 transcription factors. The KEGG enrichment analysis of 4038 DEGs in the “incompatibility” group revealed that the flavonoid and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were significantly enriched. The cluster and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that 11 and 14 candidate genes for the flavonoid and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways have the lowest expression levels at stigma maturation, respectively. To understand the physiological relevance of the downregulation of fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, we performed inhibitor feeding assays on the mature stigma. The compatible pollination response was drastically reduced when mature stigmas were pre-treated with a fatty acid synthase inhibitor. This finding suggested that fatty acid accumulation in the stigmas may be essential for compatible pollination and its downregulation during maturity must have evolved as a support module to discourage the mounting of self-incompatible pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Kumar Abhinandan
- 20/20 Seed Labs Inc., Nisku, AB T9E 7N5, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Baoru Xun
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Kun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiayuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mugeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xingguo Lan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence:
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Kim MJ, Jeon BW, Oh E, Seo PJ, Kim J. Peptide Signaling during Plant Reproduction. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:822-835. [PMID: 33715959 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant signaling peptides are involved in cell-cell communication networks and coordinate a wide range of plant growth and developmental processes. Signaling peptides generally bind to receptor-like kinases, inducing their dimerization with co-receptors for signaling activation to trigger cellular signaling and biological responses. Fertilization is an important life event in flowering plants, involving precise control of cell-cell communications between male and female tissues. Peptide-receptor-like kinase-mediated signaling plays an important role in male-female interactions for successful fertilization in flowering plants. Here, we describe the recent findings on the functions and signaling pathways of peptides and receptors involved in plant reproduction processes including pollen germination, pollen tube growth, pollen tube guidance to the embryo sac, and sperm cell reception in female tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Byeong Wook Jeon
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Eunkyoo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jungmook Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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Duan Z, Zhang Y, Tu J, Shen J, Yi B, Fu T, Dai C, Ma C. The Brassica napus GATA transcription factor BnA5.ZML1 is a stigma compatibility factor. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1112-1131. [PMID: 32022417 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a genetic mechanism that rejects self-pollen and thus prevents inbreeding in some hermaphroditic angiosperms. In the Brassicaceae, SI involves a pollen-stigma recognition system controlled by a single locus known as the S locus, which consists of two highly polymorphic genes that encode S-locus cysteine-rich protein (SCR) and S-receptor kinase (SRK). When self-pollen lands on the stigma, the S-haplotype-specific interaction between SCR and SRK triggers SI. Here, we show that the GATA transcription factor BnA5.ZML1 suppresses SI responses in Brassica napus and is induced after compatible pollination. The loss-of-function mutant bna5.zml1 displays reduced self-compatibility. In contrast, overexpression of BnA5.ZML1 in self-incompatible stigmas leads to a partial breakdown of SI responses, suggesting that BnA5.ZML1 is a stigmatic compatibility factor. Furthermore, the expression levels of SRK and ARC1 are up-regulated in bna5.zml1 mutants, and they are down-regulated in BnA5.ZML1 overexpressing lines. SRK affects the cellular localization of BnA5.ZML1 through direct protein-protein interaction. Overall, our findings highlight the fundamental role of BnA5.ZML1 in SI responses in B. napus, establishing a direct interaction between BnA5.ZML1 and SRK in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yatao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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9
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Torres-Rodríguez MD, Cruz-Zamora Y, Juárez-Díaz JA, Mooney B, McClure BA, Cruz-García F. NaTrxh is an essential protein for pollen rejection in Nicotiana by increasing S-RNase activity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1304-1317. [PMID: 32392366 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In self-incompatible Solanaceae, the pistil protein S-RNase contributes to S-specific pollen rejection in conspecific crosses, as well as to rejecting pollen from foreign species or whole clades. However, S-RNase alone is not sufficient for either type of pollen rejection. We describe a thioredoxin (Trx) type h from Nicotiana alata, NaTrxh, which interacts with and reduces S-RNase in vitro. Here, we show that expressing a redox-inactive mutant, NaTrxhSS , suppresses both S-specific pollen rejection and rejection of pollen from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Biochemical experiments provide evidence that NaTrxh specifically reduces the Cys155 -Cys185 disulphide bond of SC10 -Rnase, resulting in a significant increase of its ribonuclease activity. This reduction and increase in S-RNase activity by NaTrxh helps to explain why S-RNase alone could be insufficient for pollen rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Torres-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Cd. Mx, 04510, México
| | - Yuridia Cruz-Zamora
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Cd. Mx, 04510, México
| | - Javier A Juárez-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Cd. Mx, 04510, México
| | - Brian Mooney
- Charles W. Gehrke Proteomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Bruce A McClure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Felipe Cruz-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Cd. Mx, 04510, México
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Ji MG, Park HJ, Cha JY, Kim JA, Shin GI, Jeong SY, Lee ES, Yun DJ, Lee SY, Kim WY. Expression of Arabidopsis thaliana Thioredoxin-h2 in Brassica napus enhances antioxidant defenses and improves salt tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 147:313-321. [PMID: 31901883 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress limits crop productivity worldwide, particularly in arid and heavily irrigated regions. Salt stress causes oxidative stress, in which plant cells accumulate harmful levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thioredoxins (Trxs; EC 1.8.4.8) are antioxidant proteins encoded by a ubiquitous multigene family. Arabidopsis thaliana Trx h-type proteins localize in the cytoplasm and other subcellular organelles, and function in plant responses to abiotic stresses and pathogen attack. Here, we isolated the Arabidopsis genes encoding two cytosolic h-type Trx proteins, AtTrx-h2 and AtTrx-h3 and generated transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus) plants overexpressing AtTrx-h2 or AtTrx-h3. Heterologous expression of AtTrx-h2 in B. napus conferred salt tolerance with plants grown on 50 mM NaCl having higher fresh weight and chlorophyll contents compared with controls in hydroponic growth system. By contrast, expression of AtTrx-h3 or the empty vector control did not improve salt tolerance. In addition, AtTrx-h2-overexpressing transgenic plants exhibited lower levels of hydrogen peroxide and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, compared with the plants expressing the empty vector control or AtTrx-h3. These results suggest that AtTrx-h2 is a promising candidate for engineering or breeding crops with enhanced salt stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Geun Ji
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Park
- Institute of Glocal Disease Control, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin A Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Im Shin
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seon Lee
- PMBBRC, IALS & RILS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; PMBBRC, IALS & RILS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; PMBBRC, IALS & RILS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Chen F, Yang Y, Li B, Liu Z, Khan F, Zhang T, Zhou G, Tu J, Shen J, Yi B, Fu T, Dai C, Ma C. Functional Analysis of M-Locus Protein Kinase Revealed a Novel Regulatory Mechanism of Self-Incompatibility in Brassica napus L. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133303. [PMID: 31284391 PMCID: PMC6651594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a widespread mechanism in angiosperms that prevents inbreeding by rejecting self-pollen. However, the regulation of the SI response in Brassica napus is not well understood. Here, we report that the M-locus protein kinase (MLPK) BnaMLPKs, the functional homolog of BrMLPKs in Brassica rapa, controls SI in B. napus. We identified four paralogue MLPK genes in B. napus, including BnaA3.MLPK, BnaC3.MLPK, BnaA4.MLPK, and BnaC4.MLPK. Two transcripts of BnaA3.MLPK, BnaA3.MLPKf1 and BnaA3.MLPKf2, were generated by alternative splicing. Tissue expression pattern analysis demonstrated that BnaA3.MLPK, especially BnaA3.MLPKf2, is highly expressed in reproductive organs, particularly in stigmas. We subsequently created RNA-silencing lines and CRISPR/Cas9-induced quadruple mutants of BnaMLPKs in B. napus SI line S-70. Phenotypic analysis revealed that SI response is partially suppressed in RNA-silencing lines and is completely blocked in quadruple mutants. These results indicate the importance of BnaMLPKs in regulating the SI response of B. napus. We found that the expression of SI positive regulators S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) and Arm-Repeat Containing 1 (ARC1) are suppressed in bnmlpk mutant, whereas the self-compatibility (SC) element Glyoxalase I (GLO1) maintained a high expression level. Overall, our findings reveal a new regulatory mechanism of MLPK in the SI of B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fawad Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guilong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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12
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Xiao Z, Han F, Hu Y, Xue Y, Fang Z, Yang L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Zhuang M, Lv H. Overcoming Cabbage Crossing Incompatibility by the Development and Application of Self-Compatibility-QTL- Specific Markers and Genome-Wide Background Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:189. [PMID: 30863418 PMCID: PMC6399166 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cabbage hybrids, which clearly present heterosis vigor, are widely used in agricultural production. We compared two S5 haplotype (Class II) cabbage inbred-lines 87-534 and 94-182: the former is highly SC while the latter is highly SI; sequence analysis of SI-related genes including SCR, SRK, ARC1, THL1, and MLPK indicates the some SNPs in ARC1 and SRK of 87-534; semi-quantitative analysis indicated that the SI-related genes were transcribed normally from DNA to mRNA. To unravel the genetic basis of SC, we performed whole-genome mapping of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) governing self-compatibility using an F2 population derived from 87-534 × 96-100. Eight QTLs were detected, and high contribution rates (CRs) were observed for three QTLs: qSC7.2 (54.8%), qSC9.1 (14.1%) and qSC5.1 (11.2%). 06-88 (CB201 × 96-100) yielded an excellent hybrid. However, F1 seeds cannot be produced at the anthesis stage because the parents share the same S-haplotype (S57, class I). To overcome crossing incompatibility, we performed rapid introgression of the self-compatibility trait from 87-534 to 96-100 using two self-compatibility-QTL-specific markers, BoID0709 and BoID0992, as well as 36 genome-wide markers that were evenly distributed along nine chromosomes for background analysis in recurrent back-crossing (BC). The transfer process showed that the proportion of recurrent parent genome (PRPG) in BC4F1 was greater than 94%, and the ratio of individual SC plants in BC4F1 reached 100%. The newly created line, which was designated SC96-100 and exhibited both agronomic traits that were similar to those of 96-100 and a compatibility index (CI) greater than 5.0, was successfully used in the production of the commercial hybrid 06-88. The study herein provides new insight into the genetic basis of self-compatibility in cabbage and facilitates cabbage breeding using SC lines in the male-sterile (MS) system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mu Zhuang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Honghao Lv
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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13
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Sehgal N, Singh S. Progress on deciphering the molecular aspects of cell-to-cell communication in Brassica self-incompatibility response. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:347. [PMID: 30073132 PMCID: PMC6066494 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The sporophytic system of self-incompatibility is a widespread genetic phenomenon in plant species, promoting out-breeding and maintaining genetic diversity. This phenomenon is of commercial importance in hybrid breeding of Brassicaceae crops and is controlled by single S locus with multiple S haplotypes. The molecular genetic studies of Brassica 'S' locus has revealed the presence of three tightly linked loci viz. S-receptor kinase (SRK), S-locus cysteine-rich protein/S-locus protein 11 (SCR/SP11), and S-locus glycoprotein (SLG). On self-pollination, the allele-specific ligand-receptor interaction activates signal transduction in stigma papilla cells and leads to rejection of pollen tube on stigmatic surface. In addition, arm-repeat-containing protein 1 (ARC1), M-locus protein kinase (MLPK), kinase-associated protein phosphatase (KAPP), exocyst complex subunit (Exo70A1) etc. has been identified in Brassica crops and plays a key role in self-incompatibility signaling pathway. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) influx in papilla cells also mediates self-incompatibility response in Brassicaceae, but how this cytoplasmic Ca2+ influx triggers signal transduction to inhibit pollen hydration is still obscure. There are many other signaling components which are not well characterized yet. Much progress has been made in elucidating the downstream multiple pathways of Brassica self-incompatibility response. Hence, in this review, we have made an effort to describe the recent advances made on understanding the molecular aspects of genetic mechanism of self-incompatibility in Brassicaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sehgal
- Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125 004 India
| | - Saurabh Singh
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110 012 India
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14
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Yang Y, Liu Z, Zhang T, Zhou G, Duan Z, Li B, Dou S, Liang X, Tu J, Shen J, Yi B, Fu T, Dai C, Ma C. Mechanism of Salt-Induced Self-Compatibility Dissected by Comparative Proteomic Analysis in Brassica napus L. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1652. [PMID: 29865276 PMCID: PMC6032146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) in plants genetically prevents self-fertilization to promote outcrossing and genetic diversity. Its hybrids in Brassica have been widely cultivated due to the propagation of SI lines by spraying a salt solution. We demonstrated that suppression of Brassica napus SI from edible salt solution treatment was ascribed to sodium chloride and independent of S haplotypes, but it did not obviously change the expression of SI-related genes. Using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technique, we identified 885 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) in Brassica napus stigmas of un-pollinated (UP), pollinated with compatible pollen (PC), pollinated with incompatible pollen (PI), and pollinated with incompatible pollen after edible salt solution treatment (NA). Of the 307 DAPs in NA/UP, 134 were unique and 94 were shared only with PC/UP. In PC and NA, some salt stress protein species, such as glyoxalase I, were induced, and these protein species were likely to participate in the self-compatibility (SC) pathway. Most of the identified protein species were related to metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, ribosome, and so on. A systematic analysis implied that salt treatment-overcoming SI in B.napus was likely conferred by at least five different physiological mechanisms: (i) the use of Ca2+ as signal molecule; (ii) loosening of the cell wall to allow pollen tube penetration; (iii) synthesis of compatibility factor protein species for pollen tube growth; (iv) depolymerization of microtubule networks to facilitate pollen tube movement; and (v) inhibition of protein degradation pathways to restrain the SI response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Guilong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Bing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shengwei Dou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaomei Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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15
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Dissecting Pistil Responses to Incompatible and Compatible Pollen in Self-Incompatibility Brassica oleracea Using Comparative Proteomics. Protein J 2017; 36:123-137. [PMID: 28299594 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-017-9697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiosperms have developed self-incompatibility (SI) systems to reject self-pollen, thereby promoting outcrossing. The Brassicaceae belongs to typical sporophytic system, having a single S-locus controlled SI response, and was chosen as a model system to study SI-related intercellular signal transduction. In this regard, the downstream factor of EXO70A1 was unknown. Here, protein two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) method and coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF -MS) and peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) was used to further explore the mechanism of SI responses in Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. at protein level. To further confirm the time point of protein profile change, total proteins were collected from B. oleracea pistils at 0 min, 1 h, and 2 h after self-pollination. In total 902, 1088 and 1023 protein spots were separated in 0 min, 1 h and 2 h 2-DE maps, respectively. Our analyses of self-pollination profiles indicated that proteins mainly changed at 1 h post-pollination in B. oleracea. Moreover, 1077 protein spots were separated in cross-pollinated 1 h (CP) pistil 2-DE map. MALDI-TOF-MS and PMF successfully identified 34 differentially-expressed proteins (DEPs) in SP and CP 1 h 2-DE maps. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis revealed an array of proteins grouped in the following categories: stress and defense response (35%), protein metabolism (18%), carbohydrate and energy metabolism (12%), regulation of translation (9%), pollen tube development (12%), transport (9%) and cytoskeletal (6%). Sets of DEPs identified specifically in SP or only up-regulated expressed in CP pistils were chosen for funther investigating in floral organs and during the process of self- and cross-pollination. The function of these DEPs in terms of their potential involvement in SI in B. oleracea is discussed.
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16
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Zafra A, Carmona R, Traverso JA, Hancock JT, Goldman MHS, Claros MG, Hiscock SJ, Alche JD. Identification and Functional Annotation of Genes Differentially Expressed in the Reproductive Tissues of the Olive Tree ( Olea europaea L.) through the Generation of Subtractive Libraries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1576. [PMID: 28955364 PMCID: PMC5601413 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The olive tree is a crop of high socio-economical importance in the Mediterranean area. Sexual reproduction in this plant is an essential process, which determines the yield. Successful fertilization is mainly favored and sometimes needed of the presence of pollen grains from a different cultivar as the olive seizes a self-incompatibility system allegedly determined of the sporophytic type. The purpose of the present study was to identify key gene products involved in the function of olive pollen and pistil, in order to help elucidate the events and signaling processes, which happen during the courtship, pollen grain germination, and fertilization in olive. The use of subtractive SSH libraries constructed using, on the one hand one specific stage of the pistil development with germinating pollen grains, and on the other hand mature pollen grains may help to reveal the specific transcripts involved in the cited events. Such libraries have also been created by subtracting vegetative mRNAs (from leaves), in order to identify reproductive sequences only. A variety of transcripts have been identified in the mature pollen grains and in the pistil at the receptive stage. Among them, those related to defense, transport and oxidative metabolism are highlighted mainly in the pistil libraries where transcripts related to stress, and response to biotic and abiotic stimulus have a prominent position. Extensive lists containing information as regard to the specific transcripts determined for each stage and tissue are provided, as well as functional classifications of these gene products. Such lists were faced up to two recent datasets obtained in olive after transcriptomic and genomic approaches. The sequences and the differential expression level of the SSH-transcripts identified here, highly matched the transcriptomic information. Moreover, the unique presence of a representative number of these transcripts has been validated by means of qPCR approaches. The construction of SSH libraries using pistil and pollen, considering the high interaction between male-female counterparts, allowed the identification of transcripts with important roles in stigma physiology. The functions of many of the transcripts obtained are intimately related, and most of them are of pivotal importance in defense, pollen-stigma interaction and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adoración Zafra
- Plant Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - Rosario Carmona
- Plant Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - José A. Traverso
- Plant Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - John T. Hancock
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of EnglandBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maria H. S. Goldman
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. Gonzalo Claros
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de MálagaMálaga, Spain
| | - Simon J. Hiscock
- School of Biological Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Juan D. Alche
- Plant Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan D. Alche
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17
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Involvement of thiol-based mechanisms in plant development. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1479-96. [PMID: 25676896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing knowledge has been recently gained regarding the redox regulation of plant developmental stages. SCOPE OF VIEW The current state of knowledge concerning the involvement of glutathione, glutaredoxins and thioredoxins in plant development is reviewed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The control of the thiol redox status is mainly ensured by glutathione (GSH), a cysteine-containing tripeptide and by reductases sharing redox-active cysteines, glutaredoxins (GRXs) and thioredoxins (TRXs). Indeed, thiol groups present in many regulatory proteins and metabolic enzymes are prone to oxidation, ultimately leading to post-translational modifications such as disulfide bond formation or glutathionylation. This review focuses on the involvement of GSH, GRXs and TRXs in plant development. Recent studies showed that the proper functioning of root and shoot apical meristems depends on glutathione content and redox status, which regulate, among others, cell cycle and hormone-related processes. A critical role of GRXs in the formation of floral organs has been uncovered, likely through the redox regulation of TGA transcription factor activity. TRXs fulfill many functions in plant development via the regulation of embryo formation, the control of cell-to-cell communication, the mobilization of seed reserves, the biogenesis of chloroplastic structures, the metabolism of carbon and the maintenance of cell redox homeostasis. This review also highlights the tight relationships between thiols, hormones and carbon metabolism, allowing a proper development of plants in relation with the varying environment and the energy availability. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE GSH, GRXs and TRXs play key roles during the whole plant developmental cycle via their antioxidant functions and the redox-regulation of signaling pathways. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation.
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Hee-Jeong J, Nasar Uddin A, Jong-In P, Senthil Kumar T, Hye-Ran K, Yong-Gu C, Ill-Sup N. Analysis of S-locus and expression of S-alleles of self-compatible rapid-cycling Brassica oleracea 'TO1000DH3'. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6441-8. [PMID: 24969488 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brassica oleracea is a strictly self-incompatible (SI) plant, but rapid-cycling B. oleracea 'TO1000DH3' is self-compatible (SC). Self-incompatibility in Brassicaceae is controlled by multiple alleles of the S-locus. Three S-locus genes, S-locus glycoprotein (SLG), S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) and S-locus protein 11 or S-locus cysteine-rich (SP11/SCR), have been reported to date, all of which are classified into class I and II. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism behind alterations of SI to SC in rapid-cycling B. olerace 'TO1000DH3'. Class I SRK were identified by genomic DNA PCR and PCR-RFLP analysis using SRK specific markers and found to be homozygous. Cloning and sequencing of class I SRK revealed a normal kinase domain without any S-domain/transmembrane domain. Moreover, S-locus sequencing analysis revealed only an SLG sequence, but no SP11/SCR. Expression analysis showed no SRK expression in the stigma, although other genes involved in the SI recognition reaction (SLG, MLPK, ARC1, THL) were found to have normal expression in the stigma. Taken together, the above results suggest that structural aberrations such as deletion of the SI recognition genes may be responsible for the breakdown of SI in rapid-cycling B. oleracea 'TO1000DH3'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hee-Jeong
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungangno, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 540-742, Republic of Korea
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19
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Ávila-Castañeda A, Juárez-Díaz JA, Rodríguez-Sotres R, Bravo-Alberto CE, Ibarra-Sánchez CP, Zavala-Castillo A, Cruz-Zamora Y, Martínez-Castilla LP, Márquez-Guzmán J, Cruz-García F. A novel motif in the NaTrxh N-terminus promotes its secretion, whereas the C-terminus participates in its interaction with S-RNase in vitro. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:147. [PMID: 24886483 PMCID: PMC4065587 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NaTrxh, a thioredoxin type h, shows differential expression between self-incompatible and self-compatible Nicotiana species. NaTrxh interacts in vitro with S-RNase and co-localizes with it in the extracellular matrix of the stylar transmitting tissue. NaTrxh contains N- and C-terminal extensions, a feature shared by thioredoxin h proteins of subgroup 2. To ascertain the function of these extensions in NaTrxh secretion and protein-protein interaction, we performed a deletion analysis on NaTrxh and fused the resulting variants to GFP. RESULTS We found an internal domain in the N-terminal extension, called Nβ, that is essential for NaTrxh secretion but is not hydrophobic, a canonical feature of a signal peptide. The lack of hydrophobicity as well as the location of the secretion signal within the NaTrxh primary structure, suggest an unorthodox secretion route for NaTrxh. Notably, we found that the fusion protein NaTrxh-GFP(KDEL) is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and that treatment of NaTrxh-GFP-expressing cells with Brefeldin A leads to its retention in the Golgi, which indicates that NaTrxh uses, to some extent, the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus for secretion. Furthermore, we found that Nβ contributes to NaTrxh tertiary structure stabilization and that the C-terminus functions in the protein-protein interaction with S-RNase. CONCLUSIONS The extensions contained in NaTrxh sequence have specific functions on the protein. While the C-terminus directly participates in protein-protein interaction, particularly on its interaction with S-RNase in vitro; the N-terminal extension contains two structurally different motifs: Nα and Nβ. Nβ, the inner domain (Ala-17 to Pro-27), is essential and enough to target NaTrxh towards the apoplast. Interestingly, when it was fused to GFP, this protein was also found in the cell wall of the onion cells. Although the biochemical features of the N-terminus suggested a non-classical secretion pathway, our results provided evidence that NaTrxh at least uses the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and also vesicles for secretion. Therefore, the Nβ domain sequence is suggested to be a novel signal peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Ávila-Castañeda
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México 04510, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Javier Andrés Juárez-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México 04510, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Rogelio Rodríguez-Sotres
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México 04510, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Carlos E Bravo-Alberto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México 04510, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Claudia Patricia Ibarra-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México 04510, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Alejandra Zavala-Castillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México 04510, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Yuridia Cruz-Zamora
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México 04510, Distrito Federal, México
| | - León P Martínez-Castilla
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México 04510, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Judith Márquez-Guzmán
- Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México 04510, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Felipe Cruz-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México 04510, Distrito Federal, México
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Indriolo E, Goring DR. A conserved role for the ARC1 E3 ligase in Brassicaceae self-incompatibility. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:181. [PMID: 24847339 PMCID: PMC4017152 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination plays essential roles in the regulation of many processes in plants including pollen rejection in self-incompatible species. In the Brassicaceae (mustard family), self-incompatibility drives the rejection of self-pollen by preventing pollen hydration following pollen contact with the stigmatic surface. Self-pollen is recognized by a ligand-receptor pair: the pollen S-locus cysteine rich/S-locus protein 11 (SCR/SP11) ligand and the pistil S receptor kinase (SRK). Following self-pollen contact, the SCR/SP11 ligand on the pollen surface binds to SRK on the pistil surface, and the SRK-activated signaling pathway is initiated. This pathway includes the armadillo repeat containing 1 (ARC1) protein, a member of the plant U-box (PUB) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. ARC1 is a functional E3 ligase and is required downstream of SRK for the self-incompatibility response. This mini review highlights our recent progress in establishing ARC1's conserved role in self-pollen rejection in Brassica and Arabidopsis species and discusses future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Indriolo
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daphne R. Goring
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution & Function, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Daphne R. Goring, Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada e-mail:
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Yamamoto M, Nishio T. Commonalities and differences between Brassica and Arabidopsis self-incompatibility. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2014; 1:14054. [PMID: 26504553 PMCID: PMC4596330 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2014.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, the self-incompatibility mechanism is important for inhibition of self-fertilization and facilitation of out-crossing. In Brassicaceae, the self-incompatibility response is mediated by allele-specific interaction of the stigma-localized S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) with the pollen coat-localized ligand (SCR/SP11). All self-incompatible Brassicaceae plants analyzed have been found to have the SRK and SCR/SP11 genes in the S-locus region. Although Arabidopsis thaliana is self-compatible, transformation with functional SRK-SCR genes from self-incompatible Arabidopsis species confers the self-incompatibility phenotype to A. thaliana. The allele-specific interaction between SRK and SCR activates the downstream signaling cascade of self-incompatibility. Yeast two-hybrid analysis with a kinase domain of SRK as bait and genetic analysis suggested several candidate components of self-incompatibility signaling in Brassica. Recently, A. thaliana genes orthologous to the identified genes for Brassica self-incompatibility signaling were evaluated by using a self-incompatible transgenic A. thaliana plant and these orthologous genes were found not to be involved in self-incompatibility signaling in the transgenic A. thaliana. In this review, we describe common and different aspects of S-locus genomic regions and self-incompatibility signaling between Brassica and Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishio
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
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22
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Yamamoto M, Nasrallah JB. In planta assessment of the role of thioredoxin h proteins in the regulation of S-locus receptor kinase signaling in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:1387-95. [PMID: 24077073 PMCID: PMC3813658 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.225672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The self-incompatibility (SI) response of the Brassicaceae is mediated by allele-specific interaction between the stigma-localized S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) and its ligand, the pollen coat-localized S-locus cysteine-rich protein (SCR). Based on work in Brassica spp., the thioredoxin h-like proteins THL1 and THL2, which interact with SRK, have been proposed to function as oxidoreductases that negatively regulate SRK catalytic activity. By preventing the spontaneous activation of SRK in the absence of SCR ligand, these thioredoxins are thought to be essential for the success of cross pollinations in self-incompatible plants. However, the in planta role of thioredoxins in the regulation of SI signaling has not been conclusively demonstrated. Here, we addressed this issue using Arabidopsis thaliana plants transformed with the SRKb-SCRb gene pair isolated from self-incompatible Arabidopsis lyrata. These plants express an intense SI response, allowing us to exploit the extensive tools and resources available in A. thaliana for analysis of SI signaling. To test the hypothesis that SRK is redox regulated by thioredoxin h, we expressed a mutant form of SRKb lacking a transmembrane-localized cysteine residue thought to be essential for the SRK-thioredoxin h interaction. We also analyzed transfer DNA insertion mutants in the A. thaliana orthologs of THL1 and THL2. In neither case did we observe an effect on the pollination responses of SRKb-expressing stigmas toward incompatible or compatible pollen. Our results are consistent with the conclusion that, contrary to their proposed role, thioredoxin h proteins are not required to prevent the spontaneous activation of SRK in the A. thaliana stigma.
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Traverso JA, Pulido A, Rodríguez-García MI, Alché JD. Thiol-based redox regulation in sexual plant reproduction: new insights and perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:465. [PMID: 24294217 PMCID: PMC3827552 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The success of sexual reproduction in plants involves (i) the proper formation of the plant gametophytes (pollen and embryo sac) containing the gametes, (ii) the accomplishment of specific interactions between pollen grains and the stigma, which subsequently lead to (iii) the fusion of the gametes and eventually to (iv) the seed setting. Owing to the lack of mobility, plants have developed specific regulatory mechanisms to control all developmental events underlying the sexual plant reproduction according to environmental challenges. Over the last decade, redox regulation and signaling have come into sight as crucial mechanisms able to manage critical stages during sexual plant reproduction. This regulation involves a complex redox network which includes reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), glutathione and other classic buffer molecules or antioxidant proteins, and some thiol/disulphide-containing proteins belonging to the thioredoxin superfamily, like glutaredoxins (GRXs) or thioredoxins (TRXs). These proteins participate as critical elements not only in the switch between the mitotic to the meiotic cycle but also at further developmental stages of microsporogenesis. They are also implicated in the regulation of pollen rejection as the result of self-incompatibility. In addition, they display precise space-temporal patterns of expression and are present in specific localizations like the stigmatic papillae or the mature pollen, although their functions and subcellular localizations are not clear yet. In this review we summarize insights and perspectives about the presence of thiol/disulphide-containing proteins in plant reproduction, taking into account the general context of the cell redox network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Traverso
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - Amada Pulido
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de GranadaGranada, Spain
| | | | - Juan D. Alché
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan D. Alché, Plant Reproductive Biology Group, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain e-mail:
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24
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McClure B, Cruz-García F, Romero C. Compatibility and incompatibility in S-RNase-based systems. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 108:647-58. [PMID: 21803740 PMCID: PMC3170157 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND S-RNase-based self-incompatibility (SI) occurs in the Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Plantaginaceae. In all three families, compatibility is controlled by a polymorphic S-locus encoding at least two genes. S-RNases determine the specificity of pollen rejection in the pistil, and S-locus F-box proteins fulfill this function in pollen. S-RNases are thought to function as S-specific cytotoxins as well as recognition proteins. Thus, incompatibility results from the cytotoxic activity of S-RNase, while compatible pollen tubes evade S-RNase cytotoxicity. SCOPE The S-specificity determinants are known, but many questions remain. In this review, the genetics of SI are introduced and the characteristics of S-RNases and pollen F-box proteins are briefly described. A variety of modifier genes also required for SI are also reviewed. Mutations affecting compatibility in pollen are especially important for defining models of compatibility and incompatibility. In Solanaceae, pollen-side mutations causing breakdown in SI have been attributed to the heteroallelic pollen effect, but a mutation in Solanum chacoense may be an exception. This has been interpreted to mean that pollen incompatibility is the default condition unless the S-locus F-box protein confers resistance to S-RNase. In Prunus, however, S-locus F-box protein gene mutations clearly cause compatibility. CONCLUSIONS Two alternative mechanisms have been proposed to explain compatibility and incompatibility: compatibility is explained either as a result of either degradation of non-self S-RNase or by its compartmentalization so that it does not have access to the pollen tube cytoplasm. These models are not necessarily mutually exclusive, but each makes different predictions about whether pollen compatibility or incompatibility is the default. As more factors required for SI are identified and characterized, it will be possible to determine the role each process plays in S-RNase-based SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce McClure
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, 117 Schweitzer Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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25
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Fobis-Loisy I, Gaude T. [Control of fertilization by self-incompatibility mechanisms]. Biol Aujourdhui 2010; 204:33-42. [PMID: 20950573 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2009046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Flowering plants (angiosperms) are the most prevalent and evolutionarily advanced group of plants. Reproductive strategies that promote cross-fertilization have played an essential role in the success of angiosperms as they contribute to genetic variability among plant species. A major genetic barrier to self-fertilization is self-incompatibility (SI), which allows female reproductive cells to discriminate between self- and non-self pollen and specifically reject self-pollen. In this review, we describe three SI mechanisms showing that different flowering plant families use distinct molecules for recognition of self as well as diverse biochemical pathways to arrest pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Fobis-Loisy
- Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMR 5667 CNRS-INRA-ENSL-UCB Lyon I, IFR 128 BioSciences Lyon-Gerland, 46 allée d'Italie, Lyon Cedex 07, France.
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26
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Ivanov R, Fobis-Loisy I, Gaude T. When no means no: guide to Brassicaceae self-incompatibility. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2010; 15:387-394. [PMID: 20621670 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
More than half of the flowering plants have a sophisticated mechanism for self-pollen rejection, named self-incompatibility (SI). In Brassicaceae, recognition specificity is achieved by the interaction of the stigmatic S-RECEPTOR KINASE (SRK) and its ligand S-LOCUS CYSTEINE-RICH PROTEIN (SCR). Recent years have seen significant advances in understanding the SI response. Progress has been made on elucidating the regulation and function of proteins that act as either molecular partners of SRK or modulators of SI. Thus, modules controlling the specificity of the central receptor-ligand interaction have been identified on both SRK and SCR proteins. A role for intracellular protein trafficking in SI has also been demonstrated. Here, we integrate the novel findings into the existing model to present the current understanding of SI signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumen Ivanov
- UMR 5667 CNRS-INRA-ENS Lyon-UCB Lyon I, IFR 128 BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, ENS Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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27
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Ivanov R, Gaude T. Brassica self-incompatibility: a glimpse below the surface. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2009; 4:996-8. [PMID: 19826214 PMCID: PMC2801372 DOI: 10.4161/psb.4.10.9714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) has emerged as an evolutionary strategy to enhance the genetic variability of plant species. In Brassica, it is controlled by a single multiallelic locus, the S-locus, encoding a receptor kinase (SRK) expressed in the stigma papilla cells and its ligand, a small protein (SCR) located in the pollen coat. Pollen rejection is achieved only when the receptor recognizes SCR coming from the same S-allele. If a single papilla cell is simultaneously pollinated by a self- and a cross-pollen grain, it is capable of distinguishing between the two and responding accordingly, rejecting self while accepting cross pollen. This phenomenon reveals that SI response is strictly localized and does not involve the whole papilla cell. It also suggests that the distribution of SRK inside the cell may play an important role in regulating this dual response. We have recently demonstrated that SRK is mostly intracellular, only small amounts being present in distinct domains of the plasma membrane (PM), where interaction with SCR occurs. Following ligand recognition, the receptor-ligand complex is endocytosed and degraded. Based on this, we propose a model of the significance of SRK intracellular trafficking for the functioning and specificity of SI response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumen Ivanov
- Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 128, Lyon, France
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28
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Ivanov R, Gaude T. Endocytosis and endosomal regulation of the S-receptor kinase during the self-incompatibility response in Brassica oleracea. THE PLANT CELL 2009; 21:2107-17. [PMID: 19622804 PMCID: PMC2729615 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.063479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular trafficking of plant receptor kinases (PRKs) is a key step in regulation of cellular signaling. Our current knowledge in this field is based on systems that address signaling pathways affecting the whole cell. There are, however, signaling phenomena that add a further layer of complexity. In the Brassica self-incompatibility response, a single cell can adequately respond to two opposite stimuli: accepting cross-pollen and rejecting self-pollen simultaneously. To understand how PRK signaling can influence the coexistence of two seemingly exclusive states of the cell, we investigated the subcellular localization and internalization of the S-receptor kinase (SRK) involved in the self-incompatibility response of Brassica oleracea. Here, we describe the unusual subcellular distribution of SRK3, which localizes predominantly to intracellular compartments and to a much lesser extent to the plasma membrane. Using an anti-SRK antibody that fully substitutes for the natural ligand, we demonstrate that the interaction with the receptor takes place at the plasma membrane and is followed by SRK internalization in endosomes that are enriched in the SRK negative regulator Thioredoxin-h-like1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumen Ivanov
- Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 128, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France
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29
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Abdeev RM, Abdeeva IA, Bruskin SS, Musiychuk KA, Goldenkova-Pavlova IV, Piruzian ES. Bacterial thermostable beta-glucanases as a tool for plant functional genomics. Gene 2009; 436:81-9. [PMID: 19393166 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2009.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for creating experimental models for functional genomics has been proposed. It is based on the expression in transgenic plants of genes from thermophilic bacteria encoding functional analogues of plant proteins with high specific activity and thermal stability. We have validated this strategy by comparing physiological, biochemical and molecular properties of control tobacco plants and transgenic plants expressing genes of beta-glucanases with different substrate specificity. We demonstrate that the expression of bacterial beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase gene exerts no significant influence on tobacco plant metabolism, while the expression of bacterial beta-1,3-glucanase affects plant metabolism only at early stages of growth and development. By contrast, the expression of bacterial beta-1,4-glucanase has a significant effect on transgenic tobacco plant metabolism, namely, it affects plant morphology, the thickness of the primary cell wall, phytohormonal status, and the relative sugar content. We propose a hypothesis of beta-glucanase action as an important factor of genetic regulation of metabolic processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustam M Abdeev
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology RAS, Moscow, Russia
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30
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Fobis-Loisy I, Chambrier P, Gaude T. Genetic transformation of Arabidopsis lyrata: specific expression of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in pistil tissues. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2007; 26:745-53. [PMID: 17205335 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-006-0282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Revised: 11/23/2006] [Accepted: 12/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana has become widely used as a model system for plant biology. Recent phylogenetic studies led to a severe revision of the systematic relationships across species of the Brassicaceae family. This provided an opportunity to examine close relatives of A. thaliana and to study the function and molecular evolution of genes that play roles in ecology and speciation. In this context, developing tools to genetically transform "non-model plants" appears as a major issue to ascertain gene function. Here, we report a method to transform A. lyrata, one of the closest relatives of A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Fobis-Loisy
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, UMR 5667 CNRS-INRA-ENSL-UCB Lyon I, IFR 128 BioSciences Lyon-Gerland, ENS Lyon 46, Allée d'Italie, Lyon cedex 07, France
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31
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Okamoto S, Odashima M, Fujimoto R, Sato Y, Kitashiba H, Nishio T. Self-compatibility in Brassica napus is caused by independent mutations in S-locus genes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 50:391-400. [PMID: 17425715 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03058.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Brassica napus is an amphidiploid species with the A genome from Brassica rapa and the C genome from Brassica oleracea. Although B. rapa, B. oleracea and artificially synthesized amphidiploids with the AC genome are self-incompatible, B. napus is self-compatible. Six S genotypes were identified in B. napus, five of which had class I S haplotypes from one species and a class II S haplotype from the other species, and mutations causing self-compatibility were identified in three of these S genotypes. The most predominant S genotype (BnS-1;BnS-6), which is that of cv. 'Westar', had a class I S haplotype similar to B. rapa S-47 (BrS-47) and a class II S haplotype similar to B. oleracea S-15 (BoS-15). The stigmas of 'Westar' rejected the pollen grains of both BrS-47 and BoS-15, while reciprocal crossings were compatible. Insertion of a DNA fragment of about 3.6 kb was found in the promoter region of the SP11/SCR allele of BnS-1, and transcripts of SP11/SCR were not detected in 'Westar'. The nucleotide sequence of the SP11 genomic DNA of BnS-6 was 100% identical to that of SP11 of BoS-15. Class I SP11 alleles from one species showed dominance over class II SP11 alleles from the other species in artificially synthesized B. napus lines, suggesting that the non-functional dominant SP11 allele suppressed the expression of the recessive SP11 allele in 'Westar'. Two other S genotypes in B. napus also had non-functional class I S haplotypes together with recessive BnS-6. These observations suggest independent origins of self-compatibility in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Okamoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
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32
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Johnson KL, Ingram GC. Sending the right signals: regulating receptor kinase activity. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2005; 8:648-56. [PMID: 16183327 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2005.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the functions of plant receptor-like-kinases (RLKs) is increasing rapidly, but how their cytoplasmic signalling activity is regulated and how signals are transduced to cytoplasmic or nuclear proteins remain important questions. Recent studies, particularly of the BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 RLK, have begun to shed light on the mechanistic details of RLK activation, including the possible role of ligand binding. Studies of this and other RLKs have also highlighted the potential importance of hetero-oligomerisation and receptor internalisation in RLK signalling. Finally, a range of potential regulatory proteins and putative downstream signalling substrates have been identified for various RLKs. Despite some similarities with animal receptor kinase signalling systems, mechanisms that affect the intracellular behaviour, regulation and interactions of RLKs appear to be very diverse, potentially explaining how signalling specificity is maintained at the cytoplasmic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L Johnson
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, Rutherford Building, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
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