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Yoshikay-Benitez DA, Yokoyama Y, Ohira K, Fujita K, Tomiie A, Kijidani Y, Shigeto J, Tsutsumi Y. Populus alba cationic cell-wall-bound peroxidase (CWPO-C) regulates the plant growth and affects auxin concentration in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1671-1680. [PMID: 36387972 PMCID: PMC9636347 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The poplar cationic cell-wall-bound peroxidase (CWPO-C) mediates the oxidative polymerization of lignin precursors, especially sinapyl alcohols, and high molecular weight compounds that cannot be oxidized by other plant peroxidases, including horseradish peroxidase C. Therefore, CWPO-C is believed to be a lignification-specific peroxidase, but direct evidence of its function is lacking. Thus, the CWPO-C expression pattern in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) was determined using the β-glucuronidase gene as a reporter. Our data indicated that CWPO-C was expressed in young organs, including the meristem, leaf, root, flower, and young xylem in the upper part of the stem. Compared with the wild-type control, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing CWPO-C had shorter stems. Approximately 60% of the plants in the transgenic line with the highest CWPO-C content had curled stems. These results indicate that CWPO-C plays a role in cell elongation. When plants were placed horizontally, induced CWPO-C expression was detected in the curved part of the stem during the gravitropic response. The stem curvature associated with gravitropism is controlled by auxin localization. The time needed for Arabidopsis plants overexpressing CWPO-C placed horizontally to bend by 90° was almost double the time required for the similarly treated wild-type controls. Moreover, the auxin content was significantly lower in the CWPO-C-overexpressing plants than in the wild-type plants. These results strongly suggest that CWPO-C has pleiotropic effects on plant growth and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) accumulation. These effects may be mediated by altered IAA concentration due to oxidation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01241-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alonso Yoshikay-Benitez
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yusuke Yokoyama
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kaori Ohira
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Koki Fujita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Azusa Tomiie
- Division of Forest and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
| | - Yoshio Kijidani
- Division of Forest and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
| | - Jun Shigeto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
- Office of Research and Academia Government Community Collaboration, Hiroshima University, 1-3-2 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8511 Japan
| | - Yuji Tsutsumi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
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Zhang M, Shi Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Yin X, Liang Z, Huang Y, Grierson D, Chen K. An EjbHLH14-EjHB1-EjPRX12 module is involved in methyl jasmonate alleviation of chilling-induced lignin deposition in loquat fruit. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1668-1682. [PMID: 34893804 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Loquat fruit are susceptible to chilling injuries induced by postharvest storage at low temperature. The major symptoms are increased lignin content and flesh firmness, which cause a leathery texture. Pretreatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can alleviate this low-temperature-induced lignification, but the mechanism is not understood. In this study, we characterized a novel class III peroxidase, EjPRX12, and studied its relationship to lignification. Transcript levels of EjPRX12 were attenuated following MeJA pretreatment, consistent with the reduced lignin content in fruit. In vitro enzyme activity assay indicated that EjPRX12 polymerized sinapyl alcohol, and overexpression of EjPRX12 in Arabidopsis promoted lignin accumulation, indicating that it plays a functional role in lignin polymerization. We also identified an HD-ZIP transcription factor, EjHB1, repressed by MeJA pretreatment, which directly bound to and significantly activated the EjPRX12 promoter. Overexpression of EjHB1 in Arabidopsis promoted lignin accumulation with induced expression of lignin-related genes, especially AtPRX64. Furthermore, a JAZ-interacting repressor, EjbHLH14, was characterized, and it is proposed that MeJA pretreatment caused EjbHLH14 to be released to repress the expression of EjHB1. These results identified a novel regulatory pathway involving EjbHLH14-EjHB1-EjPRX12 and revealed the molecular mechanism whereby MeJA alleviated lignification of loquat fruit at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanna Shi
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zimeng Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yijin Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueren Yin
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zihao Liang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiqing Huang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zhu X, Jiang L, Cai Y, Cao Y. Functional analysis of four Class III peroxidases from Chinese pear fruit: a critical role in lignin polymerization. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:515-522. [PMID: 33854280 PMCID: PMC7981345 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pear fruit could be used as good medicine to relieve coughs, promote salivation, nourish lungs, and reduce the risk of many diseases for its phytochemical action. Lignin is a major secondary metabolite in Chinese pear fruit. Class III peroxidase (Class III PRX) is an important enzyme in the biosynthesis of lignin in plants. However, we poorly understand the role of PRXs in lignin biosynthesis in Chinese pear fruit. In our study, we cloned five PRXs from Chinese pear (Pyrus bretschneideri), namely PbPRX2, PbPRX22, PbPRX34, PbPRX64, and PbPRX75, which contained 978 bp encoded 326 amino acids (AA), 2607 bp encoded 869 AA, 972 bp encoded 324 AA, 687 bp encoded 229 AA, and 1020 bp encoded 340 AA, respectively. Enzyme activity analysis showed that four recombinant PbPRX proteins had catalytic activities for pyrogallol, guaiacol, ferulic acid, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol. Subcellular localization experiments showed that these genes were located in the cell wall or cell membrane. Enzyme activity and kinetics of PbPRX2 revealed its role in polymerization of lignin in Chinese pear fruit. The present study suggested that PbPRXs played critical roles in lignin biosynthesis in Chinese pear fruit. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-00949-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhu
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lan Jiang
- Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China
| | - Yongping Cai
- Key Lab of Non-Wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan China
| | - Yunpeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan China
- Key Lab of Non-Wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan China
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
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Figueiredo J, Cavaco AR, Guerra-Guimarães L, Leclercq C, Renaut J, Cunha J, Eiras-Dias J, Cordeiro C, Matos AR, Sousa Silva M, Figueiredo A. An apoplastic fluid extraction method for the characterization of grapevine leaves proteome and metabolome from a single sample. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:343-357. [PMID: 32860657 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of complex biological systems keeps challenging researchers. The main goal of systems biology is to decipher interactions within cells, by integrating datasets from large scale analytical approaches including transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics and more specialized 'OMICS' such as epigenomics and lipidomics. Studying different cellular compartments allows a broader understanding of cell dynamics. Plant apoplast, the cellular compartment external to the plasma membrane including the cell wall, is particularly demanding to analyze. Despite our knowledge on apoplast involvement on several processes from cell growth to stress responses, its dynamics is still poorly known due to the lack of efficient extraction processes adequate to each plant system. Analyzing woody plants such as grapevine raises even more challenges. Grapevine is among the most important fruit crops worldwide and a wider characterization of its apoplast is essential for a deeper understanding of its physiology and cellular mechanisms. Here, we describe, for the first time, a vacuum-infiltration-centrifugation method that allows a simultaneous extraction of grapevine apoplastic proteins and metabolites from leaves on a single sample, compatible with high-throughput mass spectrometry analyses. The extracted apoplast from two grapevine cultivars, Vitis vinifera cv 'Trincadeira' and 'Regent', was directly used for proteomics and metabolomics analysis. The proteome was analyzed by nanoLC-MS/MS and more than 700 common proteins were identified, with highly diverse biological functions. The metabolome profile through FT-ICR-MS allowed the identification of 514 unique putative compounds revealing a broad spectrum of molecular classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Figueiredo
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Cavaco
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonor Guerra-Guimarães
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Céline Leclercq
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jorge Cunha
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária - Estação Vitivinícola Nacional, Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - José Eiras-Dias
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária - Estação Vitivinícola Nacional, Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Sousa Silva
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
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Li S, Zhang Y, Xin X, Ding C, Lv F, Mo W, Xia Y, Wang S, Cai J, Sun L, Du M, Dong C, Gao X, Dai X, Zhang J, Sun J. The Osmotin-Like Protein Gene PdOLP1 Is Involved in Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis during Wood Formation in Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3993. [PMID: 32498411 PMCID: PMC7312728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmotin-like proteins (OLPs) mediate defenses against abiotic and biotic stresses and fungal pathogens in plants. However, no OLPs have been functionally elucidated in poplar. Here, we report an osmotin-like protein designated PdOLP1 from Populus deltoides (Marsh.). Expression analysis showed that PdOLP1 transcripts were mainly present in immature xylem and immature phloem during vascular tissue development in P. deltoides. We conducted phenotypic, anatomical, and molecular analyses of PdOLP1-overexpressing lines and the PdOLP1-downregulated hybrid poplar 84K (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) (Hybrid poplar 84K PagOLP1, PagOLP2, PagOLP3 and PagOLP4 are highly homologous to PdOLP1, and are downregulated in PdOLP1-downregulated hybrid poplar 84K). The overexpression of PdOLP1 led to a reduction in the radial width and cell layer number in the xylem and phloem zones, in expression of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, and in the fibers and vessels of xylem cell walls in the overexpressing lines. Additionally, the xylem vessels and fibers of PdOLP1-downregulated poplar exhibited increased secondary cell wall thickness. Elevated expression of secondary wall biosynthetic genes was accompanied by increases in lignin content, dry weight biomass, and carbon storage in PdOLP1-downregulated lines. A PdOLP1 coexpression network was constructed and showed that PdOLP1 was coexpressed with a large number of genes involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood development in poplar. Moreover, based on transcriptional activation assays, PtobZIP5 and PtobHLH7 activated the PdOLP1 promoter, whereas PtoBLH8 and PtoWRKY40 repressed it. A yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay confirmed interaction of PtoBLH8, PtoMYB3, and PtoWRKY40 with the PdOLP1 promoter in vivo. Together, our results suggest that PdOLP1 is a negative regulator of secondary wall biosynthesis and may be valuable for manipulating secondary cell wall deposition to improve carbon fixation efficiency in tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Li
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Yaoxiang Zhang
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Xuebing Xin
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Changjun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100091, China;
| | - Fuling Lv
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Wenjuan Mo
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Yongxiu Xia
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Jingyan Cai
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Lifang Sun
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Manyi Du
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Chenxi Dong
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Xu Gao
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Xinlu Dai
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Jinshuang Sun
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100023, China; (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.); (F.L.); (W.M.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (J.C.); (L.S.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (X.G.); (X.D.)
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Global Transcriptomic Profile Analysis of Genes Involved in Lignin Biosynthesis and Accumulation Induced by Boron Deficiency in Poplar Roots. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040156. [PMID: 31010161 PMCID: PMC6523340 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To uncover the transcriptomic mechanism of lignin accumulation caused by boron deficiency (BD), Nanlin895 (Populus × euramericana “Nanlin895”) was subjected to control (CK, 0.25 mg·L−1) and BD (0 mg·L−1) treatments for 3 days. RNA-Seq was carried out to survey the expression patterns of the lignin-regulated biosynthetic genes in response to BD. The results showed that 5946 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 2968 (44.2%) of which were upregulated and 3318 (55.8%) of which were downregulated in response to BD. Among them, the expression of lignin monomer biosynthetic (PAL, CCR, CAD, COMT, F5H, PER/LAC) and modulated genes, for example, transcription factors (MYBs) and hormone signal regulating genes (GIDs, histidine kinase 1, coronatine-insensitive protein 1), were upregulated, and some hormone signal regulating genes, such as AUXs and BR-related (sterol methyltransferases), were downregulated under BD treatment. There are also some genes that were screened as candidates for an association with wood formation, which will be used for the further analysis of the function of lignin formation. These results provide an important theoretical basis and reference data in plant for further research on the mechanism of lignin accumulation under BD.
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Fernández-Pérez F, Pomar F, Pedreño MA, Novo-Uzal E. Suppression of Arabidopsis peroxidase 72 alters cell wall and phenylpropanoid metabolism. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 239:192-9. [PMID: 26398803 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Class III peroxidases are glycoproteins with a major role in cell wall maturation such as lignin formation. Peroxidases are usually present in a high number of isoenzymes, which complicates to assign specific functions to individual peroxidase isoenzymes. Arabidopsis genome encodes for 73 peroxidases, among which AtPrx72 has been shown to participate in lignification. Here, we report by using knock out peroxidase mutants how the disruption of AtPrx72 causes thinner secondary walls in interfascicular fibres but not in the xylem of the stem. This effect is also age-dependent, and AtPrx72 function seems to be particularly important when lignification prevails over elongation processes. Finally, the suppression AtPrx72 leads to the down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis pathway, as well as genes and transcription factors involved in secondary wall thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Pomar
- Deparment of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of A Coruña, A Coruña 15071, Spain
| | - María A Pedreño
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Esther Novo-Uzal
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain.
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Liu CJ, Cai Y, Zhang X, Gou M, Yang H. Tailoring lignin biosynthesis for efficient and sustainable biofuel production. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:1154-62. [PMID: 25209835 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Increased global interest in a bio-based economy has reinvigorated the research on the cell wall structure and composition in plants. In particular, the study of plant lignification has become a central focus, with respect to its intractability and negative impact on the utilization of the cell wall biomass for producing biofuels and bio-based chemicals. Striking progress has been achieved in the last few years both on our fundamental understanding of lignin biosynthesis, deposition and assembly, and on the interplay of lignin synthesis with the plant growth and development. With the knowledge gleaned from basic studies, researchers are now able to invent and develop elegant biotechnological strategies to sophisticatedly manipulate the quantity and structure of lignin and thus to create economically viable bioenergy feedstocks. These concerted efforts open an avenue for the commercial production of cost-competitive biofuel to meet our energy needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jun Liu
- Biosciences Department, Brookhaven Nation Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
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Novo-Uzal E, Gutiérrez J, Martínez-Cortés T, Pomar F. Molecular cloning of two novel peroxidases and their response to salt stress and salicylic acid in the living fossil Ginkgo biloba. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:923-36. [PMID: 25139427 PMCID: PMC4171070 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Peroxidase isoenzymes play diverse roles in plant physiology, such as lignification and defence against pathogens. The actions and regulation of many peroxidases are not known with much accuracy. A number of studies have reported direct involvement of peroxidase isoenzymes in the oxidation of monolignols, which constitutes the last step in the lignin biosynthesis pathway. However, most of the available data concern only peroxidases and lignins from angiosperms. This study describes the molecular cloning of two novel peroxidases from the 'living fossil' Ginkgo biloba and their regulation by salt stress and salicylic acid. METHODS Suspension cell cultures were used to purify peroxidases and to obtain the cDNAs. Treatments with salicylic acid and sodium chloride were performed and peroxidase activity and gene expression were monitored. KEY RESULTS A novel peroxidase was purified, which preferentially used p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols as substrates and was able to form dehydrogenation polymers in vitro from coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols. Two peroxidase full-length cDNAs, GbPrx09 and GbPrx10, were cloned. Both peroxidases showed high similarity to other basic peroxidases with a putative role in cell wall lignification. Both GbPrx09 and GbPrx10 were expressed in leaves and stems of the plant. Sodium chloride enhanced the gene expression of GbPrx09 but repressed GbPrx10, whereas salicylic acid strongly repressed both GbPrx09 and GbPrx10. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the data suggest the participation of GbPrx09 and GbPrx10 in the developmental lignification programme of the cell wall. Both peroxidases possess the structural characteristics necessary for sinapyl alcohol oxidation. Moreover, GbPrx09 is also involved in lignification induced by salt stress, while salicylic acid-mediated lignification is not a result of GbPrx09 and GbPrx10 enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Novo-Uzal
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jorge Gutiérrez
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Teresa Martínez-Cortés
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Federico Pomar
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of A Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
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10
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Tobimatsu Y, Wagner A, Donaldson L, Mitra P, Niculaes C, Dima O, Kim JI, Anderson N, Loque D, Boerjan W, Chapple C, Ralph J. Visualization of plant cell wall lignification using fluorescence-tagged monolignols. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 76:357-66. [PMID: 23889038 PMCID: PMC4238399 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an abundant phenylpropanoid polymer produced by the oxidative polymerization of p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols (monolignols). Lignification, i.e., deposition of lignin, is a defining feature of secondary cell wall formation in vascular plants, and provides an important mechanism for their disease resistance; however, many aspects of the cell wall lignification process remain unclear partly because of a lack of suitable imaging methods to monitor the process in vivo. In this study, a set of monolignol analogs γ-linked to fluorogenic aminocoumarin and nitrobenzofuran dyes were synthesized and tested as imaging probes to visualize the cell wall lignification process in Arabidopsis thaliana and Pinus radiata under various feeding regimens. In particular, we demonstrate that the fluorescence-tagged monolignol analogs can penetrate into live plant tissues and cells, and appear to be metabolically incorporated into lignifying cell walls in a highly specific manner. The localization of the fluorogenic lignins synthesized during the feeding period can be readily visualized by fluorescence microscopy and is distinguishable from the other wall components such as polysaccharides as well as the pre-existing lignin that was deposited earlier in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tobimatsu
- Department of Biochemistry and the US Department of Energy’s Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin1552 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
- *For correspondence (e-mails ; )
| | | | | | - Prajakta Mitra
- The US Department of Energy’s Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Physical Bioscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Claudiu Niculaes
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIBTechnologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent UniversityTechnologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Oana Dima
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIBTechnologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent UniversityTechnologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jeong Im Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University175 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Nickolas Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University175 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Dominique Loque
- The US Department of Energy’s Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Physical Bioscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIBTechnologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent UniversityTechnologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Clint Chapple
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University175 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry and the US Department of Energy’s Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin1552 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
- *For correspondence (e-mails ; )
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11
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Shigeto J, Kiyonaga Y, Fujita K, Kondo R, Tsutsumi Y. Putative cationic cell-wall-bound peroxidase homologues in Arabidopsis, AtPrx2, AtPrx25, and AtPrx71, are involved in lignification. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3781-8. [PMID: 23551275 DOI: 10.1021/jf400426g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The final step of lignin biosynthesis, which is catalyzed by a plant peroxidase, is the oxidative coupling of the monolignols to growing lignin polymers. Cationic cell-wall-bound peroxidase (CWPO-C) from poplar callus is a unique enzyme that has oxidative activity for both monolignols and synthetic lignin polymers. This study shows that putative CWPO-C homologues in Arabidopsis , AtPrx2, AtPrx25, and AtPrx71, are involved in lignin biosynthesis. Analysis of stem tissue using the acetyl bromide method and derivatization followed by the reductive cleavage method revealed a significant decrease in the total lignin content of ATPRX2 and ATPRX25 deficient mutants and altered lignin structures in ATPRX2, ATPRX25, and ATPRX71 deficient mutants. Among Arabidopsis peroxidases, AtPrx2 and AtPrx25 conserve a tyrosine residue on the protein surface, and this tyrosine may act as a substrate oxidation site as in the case of CWPO-C. AtPrx71 has the highest amino acid identity with CWPO-C. The results suggest a role for CWPO-C and CWPO-C-like peroxidases in the lignification of vascular plant cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shigeto
- Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Kyushu University , 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
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12
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Liu CJ. Deciphering the enigma of lignification: precursor transport, oxidation, and the topochemistry of lignin assembly. MOLECULAR PLANT 2012; 5:304-17. [PMID: 22307199 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssr121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant lignification is a tightly regulated complex cellular process that occurs via three sequential steps: the synthesis of monolignols within the cytosol; the transport of monomeric precursors across plasma membrane; and the oxidative polymerization of monolignols to form lignin macromolecules within the cell wall. Although we have a reasonable understanding of monolignol biosynthesis, many aspects of lignin assembly remain elusive. These include the precursors' transport and oxidation, and the initiation of lignin polymerization. This review describes our current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying monolignol transport and oxidation, discusses the intriguing yet least-understood aspects of lignin assembly, and highlights the technologies potentially aiding in clarifying the enigma of plant lignification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jun Liu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
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13
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Shigeto J, Itoh Y, Tsutsumi Y, Kondo R. Identification of Tyr74 and Tyr177 as substrate oxidation sites in cationic cell wall-bound peroxidase from Populus alba L. FEBS J 2011; 279:348-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Pham LTM, Kim SJ, Song BK, Kim YH. Optimized refolding and characterization of S-peroxidase (CWPO_C of Populus alba) expressed in E. coli. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 80:268-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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16
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Kumar S, Jaggi M, Taneja J, Sinha AK. Cloning and characterization of two new Class III peroxidase genes from Catharanthus roseus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:404-412. [PMID: 21320785 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report here the cloning and characterization of two new class III peroxidase genes, CrPrx3 and CrPrx4 from Catharanthus roseus. The full length cDNA of CrPrx3 is 1233 bp long encoding 330 amino acid residues. The CrPrx4 cDNA contains an ORF of 1055 bp, and encodes for 318 amino acids. Hypothetical 3-D structure model of CrPrx3 and CrPrx4 detected the presence of two Ca(2+) ion binding sites at proximal and distal end, and a heme group coordinate at central position. CrPrx3 and CrPrx4 are present in single copy number in C. roseus. Confocal scanning microscopy and phylogenetic analysis showed that CrPrx3 and CrPrx4 are apoplastic in nature. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both genes have diverse expression patterns in a variety of plant tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed their maximum expression in stem tissues followed by flower tissue. The expression levels of CrPrx3 and CrPrx4 were down-regulated under salt and dehydration stress, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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17
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Pechanova O, Hsu CY, Adams JP, Pechan T, Vandervelde L, Drnevich J, Jawdy S, Adeli A, Suttle JC, Lawrence AM, Tschaplinski TJ, Séguin A, Yuceer C. Apoplast proteome reveals that extracellular matrix contributes to multistress response in poplar. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:674. [PMID: 21114852 PMCID: PMC3091788 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Riverine ecosystems, highly sensitive to climate change and human activities, are characterized by rapid environmental change to fluctuating water levels and siltation, causing stress on their biological components. We have little understanding of mechanisms by which riverine plant species have developed adaptive strategies to cope with stress in dynamic environments while maintaining growth and development. RESULTS We report that poplar (Populus spp.) has evolved a systems level "stress proteome" in the leaf-stem-root apoplast continuum to counter biotic and abiotic factors. To obtain apoplast proteins from P. deltoides, we developed pressure-chamber and water-displacement methods for leaves and stems, respectively. Analyses of 303 proteins and corresponding transcripts coupled with controlled experiments and bioinformatics demonstrate that poplar depends on constitutive and inducible factors to deal with water, pathogen, and oxidative stress. However, each apoplast possessed a unique set of proteins, indicating that response to stress is partly compartmentalized. Apoplast proteins that are involved in glycolysis, fermentation, and catabolism of sucrose and starch appear to enable poplar to grow normally under water stress. Pathogenesis-related proteins mediating water and pathogen stress in apoplast were particularly abundant and effective in suppressing growth of the most prevalent poplar pathogen Melampsora. Unexpectedly, we found diverse peroxidases that appear to be involved in stress-induced cell wall modification in apoplast, particularly during the growing season. Poplar developed a robust antioxidative system to buffer oxidation in stem apoplast. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that multistress response in the apoplast constitutes an important adaptive trait for poplar to inhabit dynamic environments and is also a potential mechanism in other riverine plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pechanova
- Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Chuan-Yu Hsu
- Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Joshua P Adams
- Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Tibor Pechan
- Life Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Lindsay Vandervelde
- Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Jenny Drnevich
- W.M. Keck Center for Comparative and Functional Genomics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Sara Jawdy
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | | | | | - Amanda M Lawrence
- Electron Microscopy Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | | | - Armand Séguin
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Quebec G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Cetin Yuceer
- Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
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18
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Kärkönen A, Koutaniemi S. Lignin biosynthesis studies in plant tissue cultures. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 52:176-85. [PMID: 20377679 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.00913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, a phenolic polymer abundant in cell walls of certain cell types, has given challenges to scientists studying its structure or biosynthesis. In plants lignified tissues are distributed between other, non-lignified tissues. Characterization of native lignin in the cell wall has been difficult due to the highly cross-linked nature of the wall components. Model systems, like plant tissue cultures with tracheary element differentiation or extracellular lignin formation, have provided useful information related to lignin structure and several aspects of lignin formation. For example, many enzyme activities in the phenylpropanoid pathway have been first identified in tissue cultures. This review focuses on studies where the use of plant tissue cultures has been advantageous in structural and biosynthesis studies of lignin, and discusses the validity of tissue cultures as models for lignin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kärkönen
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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19
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Fagerstedt KV, Kukkola EM, Koistinen VVT, Takahashi J, Marjamaa K. Cell wall lignin is polymerised by class III secretable plant peroxidases in Norway spruce. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 52:186-94. [PMID: 20377680 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.00928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Class III secretable plant peroxidases occur as a large family of genes in plants with many functions and probable redundancy. In this review we are concentrating on the evidence we have on the catalysis of lignin polymerization by class III plant peroxidases present in the apoplastic space in the xylem of trees. Some evidence exists on the specificity of peroxidase isozymes in lignin polymerization through substrate specificity studies, from antisense mutants in tobacco and poplar and from tissue and cell culture lines of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Zinnia elegans. In addition, real time (RT-)PCR results have pointed out that many peroxidases have tissue specific expression patterns in Norway spruce. Through combining information on catalytic properties of the enzymes, on the expression patterns of the corresponding genes, and on the presence of monolignols and hydrogen peroxide in the apoplastic space, we can show that specific peroxidases catalyze lignin polymerization in the apoplastic space of Norway spruce xylem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt V Fagerstedt
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Plant Biology, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland.
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20
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Galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides inhibition of elongation growth is in pea epicotyls coupled with peroxidase activity. Biologia (Bratisl) 2009. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-009-0159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Tokunaga N, Kaneta T, Sato S, Sato Y. Analysis of expression profiles of three peroxidase genes associated with lignification in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2009; 136:237-49. [PMID: 19453502 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the mechanism of lignification during tracheary element (TE) differentiation using a Zinnia elegans xylogenic culture. In the process, we isolated ZPO-C, a peroxidase gene of Z. elegans that is expressed specifically in differentiating TEs. ZPO-C is suggested to be involved in lignification of Z. elegans TEs in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, a peroxidase gene of Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPrx66), which is homologous to ZPO-C, was identified. The expression profile and functions of the gene in planta remain to be investigated. In this study, we performed promoter::beta-glucuronidase (GUS) assays to investigate the expression profiles and functions of the ZPO-C-like peroxidases in A. thaliana. We generated transgenic A. thaliana lines carrying AtPrx66, AtPrx47 or AtPrx64 (peroxidases showing high sequence similarity to AtPrx66) promoter::GUS reporter gene fusions. The GUS activities of AtPrx66, AtPrx47 and AtPrx64 promoter::GUS lines were arranged concentrically from the center to the periphery in the roots of seedlings. Furthermore, histochemical GUS assays using inflorescence stems showed that AtPrx66, AtPrx47 and AtPrx64 promoter-driven GUS were mainly expressed in the differentiating vessels, xylem parenchyma and sclerenchyma, respectively. These results suggest that the gene expressions of these three peroxidases, which showed high sequence similarity to one another, are differentially regulated in various tissues and organs. In addition, our results suggest that while AtPrx66 and AtPrx47 are associated with lignification of vessels, AtPrx64 is associated with lignification of sclerenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohito Tokunaga
- Biology and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
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22
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Cosio C, Vuillemin L, De Meyer M, Kevers C, Penel C, Dunand C. An anionic class III peroxidase from zucchini may regulate hypocotyl elongation through its auxin oxidase activity. PLANTA 2009; 229:823-36. [PMID: 19116728 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-008-0876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The high number of peroxidase genes explains the description of numerous physiological functions and the fact that the in planta function of a single isoform has never been characterized yet. We analyzed in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana the localization of a zucchini isoperoxidase (APRX), previously purified thanks to its pectin binding ability. We confirmed that the protein is localized near the cell wall, mainly produced in the elongation area of the hypocotyls and respond to exogenous auxin. In addition, the ectopic overexpression of APRX induced changes in growth pattern and a significant reduction of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) level. In agreement with these observations APRX showed an elevated in vitro auxin oxidase activity. We propose that APRX participates in the negative feedback regulation of auxin level and consequently terminates the hypocotyl elongation process.
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MESH Headings
- 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/pharmacology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/metabolism
- Blotting, Northern
- Cluster Analysis
- Cucurbita/enzymology
- Cucurbita/genetics
- Cucurbita/growth & development
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Hypocotyl/enzymology
- Hypocotyl/genetics
- Hypocotyl/growth & development
- Indoleacetic Acids/metabolism
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Peroxidases/classification
- Peroxidases/genetics
- Peroxidases/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cosio
- Laboratoire of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Marjamaa K, Kukkola EM, Fagerstedt KV. The role of xylem class III peroxidases in lignification. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:367-76. [PMID: 19264758 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lignification is a cell wall fortifying process which occurs in xylem tissue in a scheduled manner during tissue differentiation. In this review, enzymes and the genes responsible for lignin biosynthesis have been studied with an emphasis on lignin polymerizing class III secretable plant peroxidases. Our aim is to understand the cell and molecular biology of the polymerization of lignin especially in tracheids and vessels of woody species but much of the experimental evidence comes from herbaceous plants. Class III peroxidases pose many problems for empirical work as their encoding genes are variable, their substrate specificities are wide and the half-life of many of the isozymes is very long. However, there is some evidence for the role of specific peroxidases in lignin polymerization through antisense mutants in tobacco and poplar and from tissue and cell culture lines of Picea abies and Zinnia elegans. Peroxidase enzyme action has been shown by substrate specificity studies and, for example, RT-PCR results have pointed out that many peroxidases have tissue-specific expression patterns. Tissue-level location of gene expression of some peroxidases has been studied by in situ hybridization and their cellular localization with antibodies and using EGFP-fusion genes. From these, it can be concluded that, although many of the xylem class III peroxidases have the potential for functioning in the synthesis of the lignin polymer, the combined information of catalytic properties, expression, and localization can reveal differences in the significance of different peroxidases in the lignification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Marjamaa
- Technical Research Center of Finland (VTT), PL 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland
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Weng JK, Li X, Bonawitz ND, Chapple C. Emerging strategies of lignin engineering and degradation for cellulosic biofuel production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2008; 19:166-72. [PMID: 18403196 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2008.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol and other biofuels produced from lignocellulosic biomass represent a renewable, more carbon-balanced alternative to both fossil fuels and corn-derived or sugarcane-derived ethanol. Unfortunately, the presence of lignin in plant cell walls impedes the breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides to simple sugars and the subsequent conversion of these sugars to usable fuel. Recent advances in the understanding of lignin composition, polymerization, and regulation have revealed new opportunities for the rational manipulation of lignin in future bioenergy crops, augmenting the previous successful approach of manipulating lignin monomer biosynthesis. Furthermore, recent studies on lignin degradation in nature may provide novel resources for the delignification of dedicated bioenergy crops and other sources of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ke Weng
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2063, USA
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25
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Sasaki S, Nonaka D, Wariishi H, Tsutsumi Y, Kondo R. Role of Tyr residues on the protein surface of cationic cell-wall-peroxidase (CWPO-C) from poplar: potential oxidation sites for oxidative polymerization of lignin. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:348-55. [PMID: 17910963 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
It was previously reported that an unique peroxidase isoenzyme, cationic cell-wall-bound peroxidase (CWPO-C), from poplar callus oxidizes sinapyl alcohol, ferrocytochrome c and synthetic lignin polymers, unlike other plant peroxidases. Here, the catalytic mechanism of CWPO-C was investigated using chemical modification and homology modeling. The simulated CWPO-C structure predicts that the entrance to the heme pocket of CWPO-C is the same size as those of other plant peroxidases, suggesting that ferrocytochrome c and synthetic lignin polymers cannot interact with the heme of CWPO-C. Since Trp and Tyr residues are redox-active, such residues located on the protein surface were predicted to be active sites for CWPO-C. Modification of CWPO-C Trp residues did not suppress its oxidation activities toward guaiacol and syringaldazine. On the other hand, modification of CWPO-C Tyr residues using tetranitromethane strongly suppressed its oxidation activities toward syringaldazine and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol by 90%, respectively, and also suppressed its guaiacol oxidation activity to a lesser extent. Ferrocytochrome c was not oxidized by Tyr-modified CWPO-C. These results indicate that the Tyr residues in CWPO-C mediate its oxidation of syringyl compounds and high-molecular-weight substrates. Homology modeling indicates that Tyr-177 and Tyr-74 are located near the heme and exposed on the protein surface of CWPO-C. These results suggest that Tyr residues on the protein surface are considered to be important for the oxidation activities of CWPO-C with a wide range of substrates, and potentially unique oxidation sites for the plant peroxidase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sasaki
- Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Barceló AR, Ros LVG, Carrasco AE. Looking for syringyl peroxidases. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2007; 12:486-491. [PMID: 17928259 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 08/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lignins are cell wall heteropolymers that arise from the peroxidase-mediated coupling of p-coumaryl, coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols. In gymnosperms, they are derived from coniferyl alcohol, whereas in angiosperms, lignins are derived from coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols. Thus, although it is frequently assumed that the chemical complexity of lignins has increased during plant evolution, it is frequently forgotten that pteridophytes have lignins that are derived from sinapyl alcohol. Until recently, most peroxidases characterized in flowering plants only oxidized coniferyl alcohol. However, recent reports have described the molecular characterization of peroxidases capable of oxidizing sinapyl alcohol (syringyl peroxidases). Current molecular studies propose that the structural motifs of syringyl peroxidases predate the radiation of tracheophytes, which suggests that syringyl peroxidases existed before the appearance of syringyl lignins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura V Gómez Ros
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Esteban Carrasco
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Alcalá de Henares, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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