1
|
Long Y, Xu W, Liu C, Dong M, Liu W, Pei X, Li L, Chen R, Jin W. Genetically modified soybean lines exhibit less transcriptomic variation compared to natural varieties. GM CROPS & FOOD 2023; 14:1-11. [PMID: 37454359 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2023.2233122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) soybeans provide a huge amount of food for human consumption and animal feed. However, the possibility of unexpected effects of transgenesis has increased food safety concerns. High-throughput sequencing profiling provides a potential approach to directly evaluate unintended effects caused by foreign genes. In this study, we performed transcriptomic analyses to evaluate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in individual soybean tissues, including cotyledon (C), germ (G), hypocotyl (H), and radicle (R), instead of using the whole seed, from four GM and three non-GM soybean lines. A total of 3,351 DEGs were identified among the three non-GM soybean lines. When the GM lines were compared with their non-GM parents, 1,836 to 4,551 DEGs were identified. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the DEGs showed more abundant categories of GO items (199) among non-GM lines than between GM lines and the non-GM natural varieties (166). Results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that most KEGG pathways were the same for the two types of comparisons. The study successfully employed RNA sequencing to assess the differences in gene expression among four tissues of seven soybean varieties, and the results suggest that transgenes do not induce massive transcriptomic alterations in transgenic soybeans compared with those that exist among natural varieties. This work offers empirical evidence to investigate the genomic-level disparities induced by genetic modification in soybeans, specifically focusing on seed tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China
| | - Caiyue Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weixiao Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinwu Pei
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wujun Jin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang J, Sun M, Elmaidomy AH, Youssif KA, Zaki AMM, Hassan Kamal H, Sayed AM, Abdelmohsen UR. Emerging trends and applications of metabolomics in food science and nutrition. Food Funct 2023; 14:9050-9082. [PMID: 37740352 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01770b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The study of all chemical processes involving metabolites is known as metabolomics. It has been developed into an essential tool in several disciplines, such as the study of plant physiology, drug development, human diseases, and nutrition. The field of food science, diagnostic biomarker research, etiological analysis in the field of medical therapy, and raw material quality, processing, and safety have all benefited from the use of metabolomics recently. Food metabolomics includes the use of metabolomics in food production, processing, and human diets. As a result of changing consumer habits and the rising of food industries all over the world, there is a remarkable increase in interest in food quality and safety. It requires the employment of various technologies for the food supply chain, processing of food, and even plant breeding. This can be achieved by understanding the metabolome of food, including its biochemistry and composition. Additionally, Food metabolomics can be used to determine the similarities and differences across crop kinds, as an indicator for tracking the process of ripening to increase crops' shelf life and attractiveness, and identifying metabolites linked to pathways responsible for postharvest disorders. Moreover, nutritional metabolomics is used to investigate the connection between diet and human health through detection of certain biomarkers. This review assessed and compiled literature on food metabolomics research with an emphasis on metabolite extraction, detection, and data processing as well as its applications to the study of food nutrition, food-based illness, and phytochemical analysis. Several studies have been published on the applications of metabolomics in food but further research concerning the use of standard reproducible procedures must be done. The results published showed promising uses in the food industry in many areas such as food production, processing, and human diets. Finally, metabolome-wide association studies (MWASs) could also be a useful predictor to detect the connection between certain diseases and low molecular weight biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Mingna Sun
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Abeer H Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Khayrya A Youssif
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Saleheya El Gadida University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adham M M Zaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Hossam Hassan Kamal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, 62513 Beni-Suef, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Almaaqal University, 61014 Basra, Iraq
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ren Z, Qin L, Chen L, Xu H, Liu H, Guo H, Li J, Yang C, Hu H, Wu R, Zhou Y, Xue K, Liu B, Wang X. Spatial Lipidomics of EPSPS and PAT Transgenic and Non-Transgenic Soybean Seeds Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37318082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide-resistant soybeans are among the most widely planted transgenic crops. The in situ evaluation of spatial lipidomics in transgenic and non-transgenic soybeans is important for directly assessing the unintended effects of exogenous gene introduction. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI)-based non-targeted analytical strategies were used for the first time for in situ detection and imaging of endogenous lipid distributions in transgenic (EPSPS and PAT genes) herbicide-resistant soybean (Glycine max Merrill) (S4003.14) and non-transgenic soybean (JACK) seeds. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in lipids between S4003.14 and JACK seeds. The variable importance of projection analysis further revealed that 18 identified lipids, including six phosphatidylcholines (PCs), four phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), five triacylglycerols (TAGs), and three cytidine diphosphate-diacylglycerols (CDP-DAGs), had the strongest differential expression between S4003.14 and JACK seeds. Among those, the upregulated expressions of PC(P-36:1), PC(36:2), PC(P-36:0), PC(37:5), PE(40:2), TAG(52:1), TAG(55:5), and CDP-DAG(37:2) and the downregulated expressions of PC (36:1), TAG(43:0), and three PEs (i.e., PE(P-38:1), PE(P-38:0), and PE(P-40:3)) were successfully found in the S4003.14 seeds, compared to these lipids detected in the JACK seeds. Meanwhile, the lipids of PC (44:8), CDP-DAG(38:0), and CDP-DAG(42:0) were uniquely detected in the S4003.14 soybean seeds, and TAG(45:2) and TAG(57:10) were detected as the unique lipids in the JACK seeds. The heterogeneous distribution of these lipids in the soybean seeds was also clearly visualized using MALDI-MSI. MSI results showed that lipid expression was significantly up/downregulated in S4003.14 seeds, compared to that in JACK seeds. This study improves our understanding of the unintended effects of herbicide-resistant EPSPS and PAT gene transfers on spatial lipidomes in soybean seeds and enables the continued progression of MALDI-MSI as an emerging, reliable, and rapid molecular imaging tool for evaluating unintended effects in transgenic plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Ren
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liang Qin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hualei Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiqiang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hua Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinrong Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ran Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Far from being a simple question: The complexity between in vitro and in vivo responses from nutrients and bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential. Food Chem 2023; 402:134351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
5
|
Adhikary M, Mukhopadhyay K, Sarkar B. Flavonoid-rich wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum L.) diet attenuates diabetes by modulating antioxidant genes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13643. [PMID: 33547672 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Wheatgrass, young germinated shoots of Triticum aestivum L., is proclaimed as antidiabetic nutraceutical by traditional medicines across the world. In this study, the effects of the wheatgrass diet in ameliorating oxidative stress (OS) induced during diabetes were investigated. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC) and in vitro antioxidant activity of wheatgrass extract were estimated at different days (5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15) after germination. Correlating the TPC and TFC with in vitro antioxidant activity, 9th DAG wheatgrass was found to possess maximum antioxidant potential. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis also revealed the presence of nine flavonoids. For in vivo studies, diabetes was induced by streptozotocin in Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet. Concomitant administration of 9th-day wheatgrass diet (200 and 400 mg/kg) for 60 days exhibited significant improvements in hyperglycemia, body weight, lipid profile, biochemical indices (AST, ALT, GSH, GPx), and restoration of tissue architectures equivalent to normal rats. Further, qRT-PCR-based expression profiling revealed a significant modulation of major antioxidant marker genes and insulin gene which substantiated that the wheatgrass diet is effective in reducing OS during diabetes. Therefore, flavonoid-rich 9th-day wheatgrass could be used as a functional food to control diabetes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The present research supported that wheatgrass protects against oxidative stress and therefore could be utilized to ameliorate diabetes. The findings may contribute to the development and formulation of wheatgrass-based functional food or dietary supplement for diabetes by nutraceutical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Adhikary
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Kunal Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Biswatrish Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rajagopalan N, Lu Y, Burton IW, Monteil-Rivera F, Halasz A, Reimer E, Tweidt R, Brûlé-Babel A, Kutcher HR, You FM, Cloutier S, Cuperlovic-Culf M, Hiebert CW, McCallum BD, Loewen MC. A phenylpropanoid diglyceride associates with the leaf rust resistance Lr34res gene in wheat. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 178:112456. [PMID: 32692663 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The gene Lr34res is one of the most long-lasting sources of quantitative fungal resistance in wheat. It is shown to be effective against leaf, stem, and stripe rusts, as well as powdery mildew and spot blotch. Recent biochemical characterizations of the encoded ABC transporter have outlined a number of allocrites, including phospholipids and abscisic acid, consistent with the established general promiscuity of ABC transporters, but ultimately leaving its mechanism of rust resistance unclear. Working with flag leaves of Triticum aestivum L. variety 'Thatcher' (Tc) and a near-isogenic line of 'Thatcher' into which the Lr34res allele was introgressed (Tc+Lr34res; RL6058), a comparative semi-targeted metabolomics analysis of flavonoid-rich extracts revealed virtually identical profiles with the exception of one metabolite accumulating in Tc+Lr34res, which was not present at comparable levels in Tc. Structural characterization of the purified metabolite revealed a phenylpropanoid diglyceride structure, 1-O-p-coumaroyl-3-O-feruloylglycerol (CFG). Additional profiling of CFG across a collection of near-isogenic lines and representative Lr34 haplotypes highlighted a broad association between the presence of Lr34res and elevated accumulations of CFG. Depletion of CFG upon infection, juxtaposed to its relatively lower anti-fungal activity, suggests CFG may serve as a storage form of the more potent anti-microbial hydroxycinnamic acids that are accessed during defense responses. Altogether these findings suggest a role for the encoded LR34res ABC transporter in modifying the accumulation of CFG, leading to increased accumulation of anti-fungal metabolites, essentially priming the wheat plant for defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandhakishore Rajagopalan
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Center, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Yuping Lu
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Center, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Ian W Burton
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Center, 1411 Oxford St., Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Fanny Monteil-Rivera
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Center, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Annamaria Halasz
- National Research Council of Canada, Energy Mining and Environment Research Center, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Elsa Reimer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Center, 101 Route 100, Unit 100, Morden, Manitoba, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Rebecca Tweidt
- Department of Plant Sciences and the Crop Development Center, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Anita Brûlé-Babel
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 66 Dafoe Rd. Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Hadley R Kutcher
- Department of Plant Sciences and the Crop Development Center, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Frank M You
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Sylvie Cloutier
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf
- National Research Council of Canada, Digital Technologies Research Center, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Colin W Hiebert
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Center, 101 Route 100, Unit 100, Morden, Manitoba, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Brent D McCallum
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Center, 101 Route 100, Unit 100, Morden, Manitoba, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Michele C Loewen
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Center, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 5A2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Q, Yang X, Tzin V, Peng Y, Romeis J, Li Y. Plant breeding involving genetic engineering does not result in unacceptable unintended effects in rice relative to conventional cross-breeding. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:2236-2249. [PMID: 32593184 PMCID: PMC7540705 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in -omics techniques provide powerful tools to assess the potential effects in composition of a plant at the RNA, protein and metabolite levels. These technologies can thus be deployed to assess whether genetic engineering (GE) causes changes in plants that go beyond the changes introduced by conventional plant breeding. Here, we compare the extent of transcriptome and metabolome modification occurring in leaves of four GE rice lines expressing Bacillus thuringiensis genes developed by GE and seven rice lines developed by conventional cross-breeding. The results showed that both types of crop breeding methods can bring changes at transcriptomic and metabolic levels, but the differences were comparable between the two methods, and were less than those between conventional non-GE lines were. Metabolome profiling analysis found several new metabolites in GE rice lines when compared with the closest non-GE parental lines, but these compounds were also found in several of the conventionally bred rice lines. Functional analyses suggest that the differentially expressed genes and metabolites caused by both GE and conventional cross-breeding do not involve detrimental metabolic pathways. The study successfully employed RNA-sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry technology to assess the unintended changes in new rice varieties, and the results suggest that GE does not cause unintended effects that go beyond conventional cross-breeding in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193People’s Republic of China
- College of Life SciencesXinyang Normal UniversityXinyang464000People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193People’s Republic of China
| | - Vered Tzin
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of DrylandsJacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen‐Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer CampusMidreseht Ben Gurion8499000Israel
| | - Yufa Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193People’s Republic of China
| | - Jörg Romeis
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193People’s Republic of China
- Agroscope, Research Division Agroecology and EnvironmentZurich8046Switzerland
| | - Yunhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nur Sudrajat AB, Sugiharto B. Comparative Evaluation of Nutritional and Mineral Composition Between Transgenic Sugarcane Overexpressing SoSPS 1 Gene and Non-transgenic Counterpart. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:1424-1430. [PMID: 33274870 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1424.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The high sucrose yield of transgenic sugarcane has been developed through the overexpression of gene for sucrose-phosphate synthase. Modification of the genome may result in alteration of biochemical profiles. This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the nutritional and mineral compositions between the transgenic and non-transgenic (NT) sugarcane counterpart. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four of transgenic lines with overexpressing SoSPS 1 gene and NT sugarcane were grown in greenhouse for 11 months. The nutritional and mineral compositions from leaves and stems were analyzed at the harvest. RESULTS Results revealed no significant differences in moisture, carbohydrates, crude fat and ash content between the transgenic lines and NT sugarcane. Protein and nitrogen contents were found to be significantly greater in steam of transgenic lines SP1 and SP3, including potassium content in both of the leaves and stems of transgenic lines. Although, the nutritional and mineral compositions were varied but their contents still within the range of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) reference values. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the nutritional and mineral compositions are substantially equivalent between transgenic and NT sugarcane.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tan Y, Zhang J, Sun Y, Tong Z, Peng C, Chang L, Guo A, Wang X. Comparative Proteomics of Phytase-transgenic Maize Seeds Indicates Environmental Influence is More Important than that of Gene Insertion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8219. [PMID: 31160654 PMCID: PMC6547748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomic differences were compared between phytase-transgenic (PT) maize seeds and nontransgenic (NT) maize seeds through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) with mass spectrometry (MS). When maize was grown under field conditions, 30 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were successfully identified in PT seeds (PT/NT). Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) functional classification of these proteins showed that the largest group was associated with posttranslational modifications. To investigate the effects of environmental factors, we further compared the seed protein profiles of the same maize planted in a greenhouse or under field conditions. There were 76 DAPs between the greenhouse- and field-grown NT maize seeds and 77 DAPs between the greenhouse- and field-grown PT maize seeds However, under the same planting conditions, there were only 43 DAPs (planted in the greenhouse) or 37 DAPs (planted in the field) between PT and NT maize seeds. The results revealed that DAPs caused by environmental factors were more common than those caused by the insertion of exogenous genes, indicating that the environment has much more important effects on the seed protein profiles. Our maize seed proteomics results also indicated that the occurrence of unintended effects is not specific to genetically modified crops (GMCs); instead, such effects often occur in traditionally bred plants. Our data may be beneficial for biosafety assessments of GMCs at the protein profile level in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Tan
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China.,College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, China
| | - Zheng Tong
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Cunzhi Peng
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Lili Chang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Anping Guo
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China.
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Comparative compositional analysis of transgenic potato resistant to potato tuber moth (PTM) and its non-transformed counterpart. Transgenic Res 2018; 27:301-313. [PMID: 29728958 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the compositions of transgenic potatoes (TPs) resistant to potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) were compared with those of its non-transgenic (NTP) counterparts. The light inducible promoter, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase led to the expression of Cry1Ab only in the leaves and light-treated tubers of the TPs. No significant differences were found in the moisture, ash, dry weight, total soluble protein, carbohydrate, starch, fiber, ascorbate, cations, anions, fatty acids, and glycoalkaloids contents of TP and NTP. Moreover, light treatment significantly affected the contents of ascorbate, acetate and nitrite anions, palmitic, stearic and linolenic fatty acids, α-haconine and α-solanine glycoalkaloids in TP and NTP tubers. While, significant differences were observed in the amino acid contents in light-treated tubers of TPs than the NTP ones. Although, light treatment in potato tubers resulted in marked metabolic changes, all the variations observed in the metabolites compositions were found to be within the desired reference ranges for potato plants. In conclusion, the results indicated that the TPs were substantially and nutritionally equivalent to the NTP counterparts.
Collapse
|
11
|
Awika JM, Rose DJ, Simsek S. Complementary effects of cereal and pulse polyphenols and dietary fiber on chronic inflammation and gut health. Food Funct 2018. [PMID: 29532826 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo02011b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cereal grains and grain pulses are primary staples often consumed together, and contribute a major portion of daily human calorie and protein intake globally. Protective effects of consuming whole grain cereals and grain pulses against various inflammation-related chronic diseases are well documented. However, potential benefits of combined intake of whole cereals and pulses beyond their complementary amino acid nutrition is rarely considered in literature. There is ample evidence that key bioactive components of whole grain cereals and pulses are structurally different and thus may be optimized to provide synergistic/complementary health benefits. Among the most important whole grain bioactive components are polyphenols and dietary fiber, not only because of their demonstrated biological function, but also their major impact on consumer choice of whole grain/pulse products. This review highlights the distinct structural differences between key cereal grain and pulse polyphenols and non-starch polysaccharides (dietary fiber), and the evidence on specific synergistic/complementary benefits of combining the bioactive components from the two commodities. Interactive effects of the polyphenols and fiber on gut microbiota and associated benefits to colon health, and against systemic inflammation, are discussed. Processing technologies that can be used to further enhance the interactive benefits of combined cereal-pulse bioactive compounds are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Awika
- Cereal Quality Laboratory, Soil & Crop Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA. and Nutrition and Food Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Devin J Rose
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Senay Simsek
- North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Koistinen VM, Hanhineva K. Mass spectrometry-based analysis of whole-grain phytochemicals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1688-1709. [PMID: 26167744 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1016477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Whole grains are a rich source of several classes of phytochemicals, such as alkylresorcinols, benzoxazinoids, flavonoids, lignans, and phytosterols. A high intake of whole grains has been linked to a reduced risk of some major noncommunicable diseases, and it has been postulated that a complex mixture of phytochemicals works in synergy to generate beneficial health effects. Mass spectrometry, especially when coupled with liquid chromatography, is a widely used method for the analysis of phytochemicals owing to its high sensitivity and dynamic range. In this review, the current knowledge of the mass spectral properties of the most important classes of phytochemicals found in cereals of common wheat, barley, oats, and rye is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ville Mikael Koistinen
- a Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- a Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Geng P, Sun J, Zhang M, Li X, Harnly JM, Chen P. Comprehensive characterization of C-glycosyl flavones in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germ using UPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMS n and mass defect filtering. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:914-930. [PMID: 27373213 PMCID: PMC5067219 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive characterization of C-glycosyl flavones in wheat germ has been conducted using multi-stage high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMSn ) in combination with a mass defect filtering (MDF) technique. MDF performed the initial search of raw data with defined C-glycosyl flavone mass windows and mass defect windows to generate the noise-reduced data focusing on targeted flavonoids. The high specificity of the exact mass measurement permits the unambiguous discrimination of acyl groups (nominal masses of 146, 162 and 176.) from sugar moieties (rhamnose, glucose or galactose and glucuronic acid). A total of 72 flavone C-glycosyl derivatives, including 2 mono-C-glycosides, 34 di-C-glycosides, 15 tri-glycosides, 14 acyl di-C-glycosides and 7 acyl tri-glycosides, were characterized in wheat germ, some of which were considered to be important marker compounds for differentiation of whole grain and refined wheat products. The 7 acylated mono-O-glycosyl-di-C-glycosyl flavones and some acylated di-C-glycosyl flavones are reported in wheat for the first time. The frequent occurrence of numerous isomers is a remarkable feature of wheat germ flavones. Both UV and mass spectra are needed to maximize the structure information obtained for data interpretation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Geng
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Mengliang Zhang
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Xingnuo Li
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - James M Harnly
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Pei Chen
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Quijano CD, Wichmann F, Schlaich T, Fammartino A, Huckauf J, Schmidt K, Unger C, Broer I, Sautter C. KP4 to control Ustilago tritici in wheat: Enhanced greenhouse resistance to loose smut and changes in transcript abundance of pathogen related genes in infected KP4 plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:90-98. [PMID: 28352545 PMCID: PMC5042339 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ustilago tritici causes loose smut, which is a seed-borne fungal disease of wheat, and responsible for yield losses up to 40%. Loose smut is a threat to seed production in developing countries where small scale farmers use their own harvest as seed material. The killer protein 4 (KP4) is a virally encoded toxin from Ustilago maydis and inhibits growth of susceptible races of fungi from the Ustilaginales. Enhanced resistance in KP4 wheat to stinking smut, which is caused by Tilletia caries, had been reported earlier. We show that KP4 in genetically engineered wheat increased resistance to loose smut up to 60% compared to the non-KP4 control under greenhouse conditions. This enhanced resistance is dose and race dependent. The overexpression of the transgene kp4 and its effect on fungal growth have indirect effects on the expression of endogenous pathogen defense genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Diaz Quijano
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Wichmann
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schlaich
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Fammartino
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jana Huckauf
- Agrobiotechnology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 8, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmidt
- biovativ GmbH, Thuneneplatz 1, D-18190, Gross Lusewitz, Germany
| | - Christoph Unger
- Agrobiotechnology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 8, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Inge Broer
- Agrobiotechnology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 8, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christof Sautter
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gayen D, Paul S, Sarkar SN, Datta SK, Datta K. Comparative nutritional compositions and proteomics analysis of transgenic Xa21 rice seeds compared to conventional rice. Food Chem 2016; 203:301-307. [PMID: 26948618 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic rice expressing the Xa21 gene have enhanced resistant to most devastating bacterial blight diseases caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). However, identification of unintended modifications, owing to the genetic modification, is an important aspect of transgenic crop safety assessment. In this study, the nutritional compositions of seeds from transgenic rice plants expressing the Xa21 gene were compared against non-transgenic rice seeds. In addition, to detect any changes in protein translation levels as a result of Xa21 gene expression, rice seed proteome analyses were also performed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. No significant differences were found in the nutritional compositions (proximate components, amino acids, minerals, vitamins and anti-nutrients) of the transgenic and non-transgenic rice seeds. Although gel electrophoresis identified 11 proteins that were differentially expressed between the transgenic and non-transgenic seed, only one of these (with a 20-fold up-regulation in the transgenic seed) shows nutrient reservoir activity. No new toxins or allergens were detected in the transgenic seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Gayen
- Laboratory for Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Soumitra Paul
- Laboratory for Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Sailendra Nath Sarkar
- Laboratory for Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Swapan K Datta
- Laboratory for Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Karabi Datta
- Laboratory for Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vidal N, Barbosa H, Jacob S, Arruda M. Comparative study of transgenic and non-transgenic maize ( Zea mays ) flours commercialized in Brazil, focussing on proteomic analyses. Food Chem 2015; 180:288-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
17
|
Simó C, Ibáñez C, Valdés A, Cifuentes A, García-Cañas V. Metabolomics of genetically modified crops. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18941-66. [PMID: 25334064 PMCID: PMC4227254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic-based approaches are increasingly applied to analyse genetically modified organisms (GMOs) making it possible to obtain broader and deeper information on the composition of GMOs compared to that obtained from traditional analytical approaches. The combination in metabolomics of advanced analytical methods and bioinformatics tools provides wide chemical compositional data that contributes to corroborate (or not) the substantial equivalence and occurrence of unintended changes resulting from genetic transformation. This review provides insight into recent progress in metabolomics studies on transgenic crops focusing mainly in papers published in the last decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Simó
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, Cantoblanco Campus, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Clara Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, Cantoblanco Campus, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Alberto Valdés
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, Cantoblanco Campus, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, Cantoblanco Campus, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Virginia García-Cañas
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, Cantoblanco Campus, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Valdés A, Simó C, Ibáñez C, García-Cañas V. Foodomics strategies for the analysis of transgenic foods. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
19
|
Oms-Oliu G, Odriozola-Serrano I, Martín-Belloso O. Metabolomics for assessing safety and quality of plant-derived food. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
20
|
Wojakowska A, Perkowski J, Góral T, Stobiecki M. Structural characterization of flavonoid glycosides from leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using LC/MS/MS profiling of the target compounds. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:329-339. [PMID: 23494788 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to present integrated mass spectrometric methods for the structural characterization and identification of flavonoid glycoconjugates. During the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses, TriVersa NanoMate chip-based system with nanoelectrospray ionization and fraction collection was combined to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. In the extract samples prepared from green leaves of wheat plantlets, 41 flavonoid derivatives were recognized. Part of the target natural products had the full structure being characterized after the registration of mass spectra, where m/z values for protonated [M + H](+) and deprotonated molecules [M - H](-) were annotated. MS(2) and pseudo-MS(3) experiments were performed for [M + H](+) or [M - H](-) and aglycone ions (Y0(+/-)-type), respectively. It should be underlined that pseudo-MS(3) mass spectra were registered for aglycone product ions in the mass spectra of O-glycosides present in the extract samples. In many cases, only tentative structural identification of aglycones was possible, mainly because of the presence of numerous C-monoglycoside or C-diglycoside in the samples. Acylation of the sugar moiety and/or methylation of the aglycone in the flavonoid glycosides under study was observed. The existence of isobaric and/or isomeric compounds was demonstrated in the extract studied. The collision-induced dissociation mass spectra registered for C,O-diglycosides and C,C-diglycosides did not permit to draw complete structural conclusions about the compounds studied. For the investigated class of natural products, unambiguous classification of sugar moieties linked to the aglycones from the recorded mass spectra was not possible. Registration of the positive and negative ion mass spectra did not lead to the precise conclusion about the glycosylation position at C-6 or C-8, and O-4' or O-7 atoms. It was possible, on the basis of the collected MS(2) spectra, to differentiate between O-glycosides and C-glycosides present in the samples analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wojakowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tohge T, Watanabe M, Hoefgen R, Fernie AR. The evolution of phenylpropanoid metabolism in the green lineage. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 48:123-52. [PMID: 23350798 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2012.758083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic secondary metabolites are only produced by plants wherein they play important roles in both biotic and abiotic defense in seed plants as well as being potentially important bioactive compounds with both nutritional and medicinal benefits reported for animals and humans as a consequence of their potent antioxidant activity. During the long evolutionary period in which plants have adapted to the environmental niches in which they exist (and especially during the evolution of land plants from their aquatic algal ancestors), several strategies such as gene duplication and convergent evolution have contributed to the evolution of this pathway. In this respect, diversity and redundancy of several key genes of phenolic secondary metabolism such as polyketide synthases, cytochrome P450s, Fe(2+)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases and UDP-glycosyltransferases have played an essential role. Recent technical developments allowing affordable whole genome sequencing as well as a better inventory of species-by-species chemical diversity have resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of tools we have to assess how these pathways evolved. In parallel, reverse genetics combined with detailed molecular phenotyping is allowing us to elucidate the functional importance of individual genes and metabolites and by this means to provide further mechanistic insight into their biological roles. In this review, phenolic metabolite-related gene sequences (for a total of 65 gene families including shikimate biosynthetic genes) are compared across 23 independent species, and the phenolic metabolic complement of various plant species are compared with one another, in attempt to better understand the evolution of diversity in this crucial pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tohge
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gong CY, Wang T. Proteomic evaluation of genetically modified crops: current status and challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:41. [PMID: 23471542 PMCID: PMC3590489 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hectares of genetically modified (GM) crops have increased exponentially since 1996, when such crops began to be commercialized. GM biotechnology, together with conventional breeding, has become the main approach to improving agronomic traits of crops. However, people are concerned about the safety of GM crops, especially GM-derived food and feed. Many efforts have been made to evaluate the unintended effects caused by the introduction of exogenous genes. "Omics" techniques have advantages over targeted analysis in evaluating such crops because of their use of high-throughput screening. Proteins are key players in gene function and are directly involved in metabolism and cellular development or have roles as toxins, antinutrients, or allergens, which are essential for human health. Thus, proteomics can be expected to become one of the most useful tools in safety assessment. This review assesses the potential of proteomics in evaluating various GM crops. We further describe the challenges in ensuring homogeneity and sensitivity in detection techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tai Wang
- *Correspondence: Tai Wang, Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Haidianqu, Beijing 100093, China. e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ricroch AE. Assessment of GE food safety using '-omics' techniques and long-term animal feeding studies. N Biotechnol 2012; 30:349-54. [PMID: 23253614 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that a thorough, lengthy and costly evaluation of genetically engineered (GE) crop plants (including compositional analysis and toxicological tests) is imposed before marketing some European citizens remain sceptical of the safety of GE food and feed. In this context, are additional tests necessary? If so, what can we learn from them? To address these questions, we examined data from 60 recent high-throughput '-omics' comparisons between GE and non-GE crop lines and 17 recent long-term animal feeding studies (longer than the classical 90-day subchronic toxicological tests), as well as 16 multigenerational studies on animals. The '-omics' comparisons revealed that the genetic modification has less impact on plant gene expression and composition than that of conventional plant breeding. Moreover, environmental factors (such as field location, sampling time, or agricultural practices) have a greater impact than transgenesis. None of these '-omics' profiling studies has raised new safety concerns about GE varieties; neither did the long-term and multigenerational studies on animals. Therefore, there is no need to perform such long-term studies in a case-by-case approach, unless reasonable doubt still exists after conducting a 90-day feeding test. In addition, plant compositional analysis and '-omics' profiling do not indicate that toxicological tests should be mandatory. We discuss what complementary fundamental studies should be performed and how to choose the most efficient experimental design to assess risks associated with new GE traits. The possible need to update the current regulatory framework is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnès E Ricroch
- AgroParisTech, Chair of Evolutionary Genetics and Plant Breeding, 16, rue Claude-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chang Y, Zhao C, Zhu Z, Wu Z, Zhou J, Zhao Y, Lu X, Xu G. Metabolic profiling based on LC/MS to evaluate unintended effects of transgenic rice with cry1Ac and sck genes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 78:477-87. [PMID: 22271304 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-012-9876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
As a primary characteristic of substantial equivalence, the evaluation of unintended effects of genetically modified plants has been evolving into an important field of research. In this study, a metabolic profiling method for rice seeds was developed using rapid resolution liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The analytical properties of the method, including the linearity, reproducibility, intra-day precision and inter-day precision, were investigated and were found to be satisfactory. The method was then applied to investigate the differences between transgenic rice and its native counterparts, in addition to the differences found between native rice with different sowing dates or locations. Global metabolic phenotype differences were visualized, and metabolites from different discriminated groups were discovered using multivariate data analysis. The results indicated that environmental factors played a greater role than gene modification for most metabolites, including tryptophan, 9,10,13-trihydroxyoctadec-11-enoic acid, and lysophosphatidylethanolamine 16:0. The concentrations of phytosphingosine, palmitic acid, 5-hydroxy-2-octadenoic acid and three other unidentified metabolites varied slightly due to gene modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pereira OR, Silva AM, Domingues MR, Cardoso SM. Identification of phenolic constituents of Cytisus multiflorus. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
26
|
Herrero M, Simó C, García-Cañas V, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A. Foodomics: MS-based strategies in modern food science and nutrition. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:49-69. [PMID: 21374694 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Modern research in food science and nutrition is moving from classical methodologies to advanced analytical strategies in which MS-based techniques play a crucial role. In this context, Foodomics has been recently defined as a new discipline that studies food and nutrition domains through the application of advanced omics technologies in which MS techniques are considered indispensable. Applications of Foodomics include the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and/or metabolomic study of foods for compound profiling, authenticity, and/or biomarker-detection related to food quality or safety; the development of new transgenic foods, food contaminants, and whole toxicity studies; new investigations on food bioactivity, food effects on human health, etc. This review work does not intend to provide an exhaustive revision of the many works published so far on food analysis using MS techniques. The aim of the present work is to provide an overview of the different MS-based strategies that have been (or can be) applied in the new field of Foodomics, discussing their advantages and drawbacks. Besides, some ideas about the foreseen development and applications of MS-techniques in this new discipline are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Herrero
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Duc C, Nentwig W, Lindfeld A. No adverse effect of genetically modified antifungal wheat on decomposition dynamics and the soil fauna community--a field study. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25014. [PMID: 22043279 PMCID: PMC3197184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cultivation of genetically modified (GM) plants has raised several environmental concerns. One of these concerns regards non-target soil fauna organisms, which play an important role in the decomposition of organic matter and hence are largely exposed to GM plant residues. Soil fauna may be directly affected by transgene products or indirectly by pleiotropic effects such as a modified plant metabolism. Thus, ecosystem services and functioning might be affected negatively. In a litterbag experiment in the field we analysed the decomposition process and the soil fauna community involved. Therefore, we used four experimental GM wheat varieties, two with a race-specific antifungal resistance against powdery mildew (Pm3b) and two with an unspecific antifungal resistance based on the expression of chitinase and glucanase. We compared them with two non-GM isolines and six conventional cereal varieties. To elucidate the mechanisms that cause differences in plant decomposition, structural plant components (i.e. C∶N ratio, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose) were examined and soil properties, temperature and precipitation were monitored. The most frequent taxa extracted from decaying plant material were mites (Cryptostigmata, Gamasina and Uropodina), springtails (Isotomidae), annelids (Enchytraeidae) and Diptera (Cecidomyiidae larvae). Despite a single significant transgenic/month interaction for Cecidomyiidae larvae, which is probably random, we detected no impact of the GM wheat on the soil fauna community. However, soil fauna differences among conventional cereal varieties were more pronounced than between GM and non-GM wheat. While leaf residue decomposition in GM and non-GM wheat was similar, differences among conventional cereals were evident. Furthermore, sampling date and location were found to greatly influence soil fauna community and decomposition processes. The results give no indication of ecologically relevant adverse effects of antifungal GM wheat on the composition and the activity of the soil fauna community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Duc
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Nentwig
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lindfeld
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
García-Cañas V, Simó C, León C, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A. MS-based analytical methodologies to characterize genetically modified crops. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:396-416. [PMID: 21500243 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of genetically modified crops has had a great impact on the agriculture and food industries. However, the development of any genetically modified organism (GMO) requires the application of analytical procedures to confirm the equivalence of the GMO compared to its isogenic non-transgenic counterpart. Moreover, the use of GMOs in foods and agriculture faces numerous criticisms from consumers and ecological organizations that have led some countries to regulate their production, growth, and commercialization. These regulations have brought about the need of new and more powerful analytical methods to face the complexity of this topic. In this regard, MS-based technologies are increasingly used for GMOs analysis to provide very useful information on GMO composition (e.g., metabolites, proteins). This review focuses on the MS-based analytical methodologies used to characterize genetically modified crops (also called transgenic crops). First, an overview on genetically modified crops development is provided, together with the main difficulties of their analysis. Next, the different MS-based analytical approaches applied to characterize GM crops are critically discussed, and include "-omics" approaches and target-based approaches. These methodologies allow the study of intended and unintended effects that result from the genetic transformation. This information is considered to be essential to corroborate (or not) the equivalence of the GM crop with its isogenic non-transgenic counterpart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia García-Cañas
- Institute of Industrial Fermentations (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ricroch AE, Bergé JB, Kuntz M. Evaluation of genetically engineered crops using transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiling techniques. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 155:1752-61. [PMID: 21350035 PMCID: PMC3091128 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.173609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
|
30
|
Mutwil M, Klie S, Tohge T, Giorgi FM, Wilkins O, Campbell MM, Fernie AR, Usadel B, Nikoloski Z, Persson S. PlaNet: combined sequence and expression comparisons across plant networks derived from seven species. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:895-910. [PMID: 21441431 PMCID: PMC3082271 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.083667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The model organism Arabidopsis thaliana is readily used in basic research due to resource availability and relative speed of data acquisition. A major goal is to transfer acquired knowledge from Arabidopsis to crop species. However, the identification of functional equivalents of well-characterized Arabidopsis genes in other plants is a nontrivial task. It is well documented that transcriptionally coordinated genes tend to be functionally related and that such relationships may be conserved across different species and even kingdoms. To exploit such relationships, we constructed whole-genome coexpression networks for Arabidopsis and six important plant crop species. The interactive networks, clustered using the HCCA algorithm, are provided under the banner PlaNet (http://aranet.mpimp-golm.mpg.de). We implemented a comparative network algorithm that estimates similarities between network structures. Thus, the platform can be used to swiftly infer similar coexpressed network vicinities within and across species and can predict the identity of functional homologs. We exemplify this using the PSA-D and chalcone synthase-related gene networks. Finally, we assessed how ontology terms are transcriptionally connected in the seven species and provide the corresponding MapMan term coexpression networks. The data support the contention that this platform will considerably improve transfer of knowledge generated in Arabidopsis to valuable crop species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Mutwil
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klie
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Federico M. Giorgi
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Olivia Wilkins
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Malcolm M. Campbell
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Björn Usadel
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Staffan Persson
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Can –omics inform a food safety assessment? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 58:S62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
32
|
Proteomic analysis of MON810 and comparable non-GM maize varieties grown in agricultural fields. Transgenic Res 2010; 20:939-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-010-9453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
33
|
Liu Q, Qiu Y, Beta T. Comparison of antioxidant activities of different colored wheat grains and analysis of phenolic compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:9235-41. [PMID: 20669971 DOI: 10.1021/jf101700s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from six wheat varieties (three purple, one yellow, two red, and one white) were evaluated and compared for their antioxidant capacities against oxygen radical and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Phenolic composition in the extracts was examined by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results showed that Charcoal purple wheat had remarkable antioxidant activity (up to 6899 μmol/100 g) followed by Red Fife wheat and yellow Luteus wheat. White AC Vista wheat, due to its lowest phenolic content, exhibited the weakest antioxidant property. The major phenolic composition identified in wheat grains consisted of phenolic acids, flavones, flavonols, and anthocyanins. The former three components were detected in all of the wheat varieties, whereas anthocyanins were identified only in purple wheat. Therefore, anthocyanins could be the major compounds distinguishing purple wheats from other colored wheats with high antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Coll A, Nadal A, Collado R, Capellades G, Kubista M, Messeguer J, Pla M. Natural variation explains most transcriptomic changes among maize plants of MON810 and comparable non-GM varieties subjected to two N-fertilization farming practices. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 73:349-62. [PMID: 20349115 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-010-9624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in many countries follows strict regulations to ensure that only safety-tested products are marketed. Over the last few years, targeted approaches have been complemented by profiling methods to assess possible unintended effects of transformation. Here we used a commercial (Affymertix) microarray platform (i.e. allowing assessing the expression of approximately 1/3 of the genes of maize) to evaluate transcriptional differences between commercial MON810 GM maize and non-transgenic crops in real agricultural conditions, in a region where about 70% of the maize grown was MON810. To consider natural variation in gene expression in relation to biotech plants we took two common MON810/non-GM variety pairs as examples, and two farming practices (conventional and low-nitrogen fertilization). MON810 and comparable non-GM varieties grown in the field have very low numbers of sequences with differential expression, and their identity differs among varieties. Furthermore, we show that the differences between a given MON810 variety and the non-GM counterpart do not appear to depend to any major extent on the assayed cultural conditions, even though these differences may slightly vary between the conditions. In our study, natural variation explained most of the variability in gene expression among the samples. Up to 37.4% was dependent upon the variety (obtained by conventional breeding) and 31.9% a result of the fertilization treatment. In contrast, the MON810 GM character had a very minor effect (9.7%) on gene expression in the analyzed varieties and conditions, even though similar cryIA(b) expression levels were detected in the two MON810 varieties and nitrogen treatments. This indicates that transcriptional differences of conventionally-bred varieties and under different environmental conditions should be taken into account in safety assessment studies of GM plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Coll
- Institut de Tecnologia Agroalimentària (INTEA), Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, EPS-I, Girona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sutela S, Niemi K, Edesi J, Laakso T, Saranpää P, Vuosku J, Mäkelä R, Tiimonen H, Chiang VL, Koskimäki J, Suorsa M, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Häggman H. Phenolic compounds in ectomycorrhizal interaction of lignin modified silver birch. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 9:124. [PMID: 19788757 PMCID: PMC2763875 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-9-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The monolignol biosynthetic pathway interconnects with the biosynthesis of other secondary phenolic metabolites, such as cinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids and condensed tannins. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether genetic modification of the monolignol pathway in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) would alter the metabolism of these phenolic compounds and how such alterations, if exist, would affect the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. RESULTS Silver birch lines expressing quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides L.) caffeate/5-hydroxyferulate O-methyltransferase (PtCOMT) under the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) promoter showed a reduction in the relative expression of a putative silver birch COMT (BpCOMT) gene and, consequently, a decrease in the lignin syringyl/guaiacyl composition ratio. Alterations were also detected in concentrations of certain phenolic compounds. All PtCOMT silver birch lines produced normal ectomycorrhizas with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus (Batsch: Fr.), and the formation of symbiosis enhanced the growth of the transgenic plants. CONCLUSION The down-regulation of BpCOMT in the 35S-PtCOMT lines caused a reduction in the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio of lignin, but no significant effect was seen in the composition or quantity of phenolic compounds that would have been caused by the expression of PtCOMT under the 35S or UbB1 promoter. Moreover, the detected alterations in the composition of lignin and secondary phenolic compounds had no effect on the interaction between silver birch and P. involutus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Sutela
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Karoliina Niemi
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaanika Edesi
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tapio Laakso
- Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Unit, Jokiniemenkuja 1, 01301 Vantaa, Finland
| | - Pekka Saranpää
- Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Unit, Jokiniemenkuja 1, 01301 Vantaa, Finland
| | - Jaana Vuosku
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Riina Mäkelä
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Heidi Tiimonen
- Finnish Forest Research Institute, Punkaharju Research Unit, Finlandiantie 18, 58450 Punkaharju, Finland
| | - Vincent L Chiang
- Forest Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7247, 2500, Partners II Building, Raleigh, NC 27695-7247, USA
| | - Janne Koskimäki
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja Suorsa
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Hely Häggman
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Coll A, Nadal A, Collado R, Capellades G, Messeguer J, Melé E, Palaudelmàs M, Pla M. Gene expression profiles of MON810 and comparable non-GM maize varieties cultured in the field are more similar than are those of conventional lines. Transgenic Res 2009; 18:801-8. [PMID: 19396622 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-009-9266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Maize is a major food crop and genetically modified (GM) varieties represented 24% of the global production in 2007. Authorized GM organisms have been tested for human and environmental safety. We previously used microarrays to compare the transcriptome profiles of widely used commercial MON810 versus near-isogenic varieties and reported differential expression of a small set of sequences in leaves of in vitro cultured plants of AristisBt/Aristis and PR33P67/PR33P66 (Coll et al. 2008). Here we further assessed the significance of these differential expression patterns in plants grown in a real context, i.e. in the field. Most sequences that were differentially expressed in plants cultured in vitro had the same expression values in MON810 and comparable varieties when grown in the field; and no sequence was found to be differentially regulated in the two variety pairs grown in the field. The differential expression patterns observed between in vitro and field culture were similar between MON810 and comparable varieties, with higher divergence between the two conventional varieties. This further indicates that MON810 and comparable non-GM varieties are equivalent except for the introduced character.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Coll
- Institut de Tecnologia Agroalimentària (INTEA), Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Coll A, Nadal A, Palaudelmàs M, Messeguer J, Melé E, Puigdomènech P, Pla M. Lack of repeatable differential expression patterns between MON810 and comparable commercial varieties of maize. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 68:105-17. [PMID: 18604604 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-008-9355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in many countries follows strict regulations to assure that only products that have been safety tested in relation to human health and the environment are marketed. Thus, GMOs must be authorized before use. By complementing more targeted approaches, profiling methods can assess possible unintended effects of transformation. We used microarrays to compare the transcriptome profiles of widely commercialized maize MON810 varieties and their non-GM near-isogenic counterparts. The expression profiles of MON810 seedlings are more similar to those of their corresponding near-isogenic varieties than are the profiles of other lines produced by conventional breeding. However, differential expression of approximately 1.7 and approximately 0.1% of transcripts was identified in two variety pairs (AristisBt/Aristis and PR33P67/PR33P66) that had similar cryIA(b) mRNA levels, demonstrating that commercial varieties of the same event have different similarity levels to their near-isogenic counterparts without the transgene (note that these two pairs also show phenotypic differences). In the tissues, developmental stage and varieties analyzed, we could not identify any gene differentially expressed in all variety-pairs. However, a small set of sequences were differentially expressed in various pairs. Their relation to the transgenesis was not proven, although this is likely to be modulated by the genetic background of each variety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Coll
- Institut de Tecnologia Agroalimentària, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, EPS-I, Girona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|