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Izzo M, Jacquet M, Fujiwara T, Harputlu E, Mazur R, Wróbel P, Góral T, Unlu CG, Ocakoglu K, Miyagishima S, Kargul J. Development of a Novel Nanoarchitecture of the Robust Photosystem I from a Volcanic Microalga Cyanidioschyzon merolae on Single Layer Graphene for Improved Photocurrent Generation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8396. [PMID: 34445103 PMCID: PMC8395140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the development of a novel photoactive biomolecular nanoarchitecture based on the genetically engineered extremophilic photosystem I (PSI) biophotocatalyst interfaced with a single layer graphene via pyrene-nitrilotriacetic acid self-assembled monolayer (SAM). For the oriented and stable immobilization of the PSI biophotocatalyst, an His6-tag was genetically engineered at the N-terminus of the stromal PsaD subunit of PSI, allowing for the preferential binding of this photoactive complex with its reducing side towards the graphene monolayer. This approach yielded a novel robust and ordered nanoarchitecture designed to generate an efficient direct electron transfer pathway between graphene, the metal redox center in the organic SAM and the photo-oxidized PSI biocatalyst. The nanosystem yielded an overall current output of 16.5 µA·cm-2 for the nickel- and 17.3 µA·cm-2 for the cobalt-based nanoassemblies, and was stable for at least 1 h of continuous standard illumination. The novel green nanosystem described in this work carries the high potential for future applications due to its robustness, highly ordered and simple architecture characterized by the high biophotocatalyst loading as well as simplicity of manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Izzo
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.I.); (M.J.)
| | - Margot Jacquet
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.I.); (M.J.)
| | - Takayuki Fujiwara
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 111, Mishima 411-8540, Japan; (T.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Ersan Harputlu
- Department of Engineering Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Tarsus University, Tarsus 33400, Turkey; (E.H.); (K.O.)
| | - Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Wróbel
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Cryomicroscopy and Electron Diffraction Core Facility, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - C. Gokhan Unlu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pamukkale University, Denizli 20070, Turkey;
| | - Kasim Ocakoglu
- Department of Engineering Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Tarsus University, Tarsus 33400, Turkey; (E.H.); (K.O.)
| | - Shinya Miyagishima
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 111, Mishima 411-8540, Japan; (T.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Joanna Kargul
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.I.); (M.J.)
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Orf GS, Redding KE. Expression and purification of affinity-tagged variants of the photochemical reaction center from Heliobacterium modesticaldum. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 142:335-348. [PMID: 31542861 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The heliobacterial photochemical reaction center (HbRC) from the chlorophototrophic Firmicutes bacterium Heliobacterium modesticaldum is the only homodimeric type I RC whose structure is known. Using genetic techniques recently established in our lab, we have developed a rapid heterologous expression system for the HbRC core polypeptide PshA. Our system relies on rescue of the non-chlorophototrophic ∆pshA::cbp2p-aph3 strain of Hbt. modesticaldum by expression of a heterologous pshA gene from a replicating shuttle vector. In addition, we constructed two tagged variants of PshA, one with an N-terminal octahistidine tag and one with an internal hexahistidine tag, which facilitate rapid purification of pure, active HbRC cores in milligram quantities. We constructed a suite of shuttle vectors bearing untagged or tagged versions of pshA driven by various promoters. Surprisingly, we found that the eno and gapDH_2 promoters from Clostridium thermocellum drive better expression of pshA than fragments of DNA derived from the region upstream of the pshA locus on the Hbt. modesticaldum genome. This "pshA rescue" strategy also provided a useful window into how Hbt. modesticaldum regulates pigment synthesis and growth rate when chlorophototrophic output decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Orf
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Kevin E Redding
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
- Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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Kawakami K, Tokutsu R, Kim E, Minagawa J. Four distinct trimeric forms of light-harvesting complex II isolated from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 142:195-201. [PMID: 31493286 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) absorbs light energy and transfers it primarily to photosystem II in green algae and land plants. Although the trimeric structure of LHCII is conserved between the two lineages, its subunit composition and function are believed to differ significantly. In this study, we purified four LHCII trimers from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and analyzed their biochemical properties. We used several preparation methods to obtain four distinct fractions (fractions 1-4), each of which contained an LHCII trimer with different contents of Type I, III, and IV proteins. The pigment compositions of the LHCIIs in the four fractions were similar. The absorption and fluorescence spectra were also similar, although the peak positions differed slightly. These results indicate that this green alga contains four types of LHCII trimer with different biochemical and spectroscopic features. Based on these findings, we discuss the function and structural organization of green algal LHCII antennae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kawakami
- The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science & Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Ryutaro Tokutsu
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Eunchul Kim
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
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Binding of ferredoxin NADP + oxidoreductase (FNR) to plant photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:689-698. [PMID: 31336103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The binding of FNR to PSI has been postulated long ago, however, a clear evidence is still missing. In this work, using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), we found that FNR binds to photosystem I with its light harvesting complex I (PSI-LHCI) from C. reinhardtii with a 1:1 stoichiometry, a Kd of ~0.8 μM and ∆H of -20.7 kcal/mol. Titrations at different temperatures were used to determine the heat capacity change, ∆CP, of the binding, through which the size of the interface area between the proteins was assessed as ~3000 Å2. In a different set of ITC experiments, introduction of various sucrose concentrations was used to estimate that ~95 water molecules are released to the solvent. These observations support the notion of a binding site shared by few of the photosystem I - light harvesting complex I (PSI-LHCI) subunits in addition to PsaE. Based on these results, a hypothetical model was built for the binding site of FNR at PSI, using known crystallographic structures of: cyanobacterial PSI in complex with ferredoxin (Fd), plant PSI-LHCI and Fd:FNR complex from cyanobacteria. FNR binding site location is proposed to be at the foot of the stromal ridge and above the inner LHCI belt. It is expected to form contacts with PsaE, PsaB, PsaF and at least one of the LHCI. In addition, a ~4.5-fold increased affinity between FNR and PSI-LHCI under crowded 1 M sucrose environment led us to conclude that in C. reinhardtii FNR also functions as a subunit of PSI-LHCI.
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Structure of a PSI-LHCI-cyt b 6f supercomplex in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii promoting cyclic electron flow under anaerobic conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10517-10522. [PMID: 30254175 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809973115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic linear electron flow (LEF) produces ATP and NADPH, while cyclic electron flow (CEF) exclusively drives photophosphorylation to supply extra ATP. The fine-tuning of linear and cyclic electron transport levels allows photosynthetic organisms to balance light energy absorption with cellular energy requirements under constantly changing light conditions. As LEF and CEF share many electron transfer components, a key question is how the same individual structural units contribute to these two different functional modes. Here, we report the structural identification of a photosystem I (PSI)-light harvesting complex I (LHCI)-cytochrome (cyt) b6f supercomplex isolated from the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under anaerobic conditions, which induces CEF. This provides strong evidence for the model that enhanced CEF is induced by the formation of CEF supercomplexes, when stromal electron carriers are reduced, to generate additional ATP. The additional identification of PSI-LHCI-LHCII complexes is consistent with recent findings that both CEF enhancement and state transitions are triggered by similar conditions, but can occur independently from each other. Single molecule fluorescence correlation spectroscopy indicates a physical association between cyt b6f and fluorescent chlorophyll containing PSI-LHCI supercomplexes. Single particle analysis identified top-view projections of the corresponding PSI-LHCI-cyt b6f supercomplex. Based on molecular modeling and mass spectrometry analyses, we propose a model in which dissociation of LHCA2 and LHCA9 from PSI supports the formation of this CEF supercomplex. This is supported by the finding that a Δlhca2 knockout mutant has constitutively enhanced CEF.
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Giera W, Szewczyk S, McConnell MD, Redding KE, van Grondelle R, Gibasiewicz K. Uphill energy transfer in photosystem I from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements at 77 K. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:321-335. [PMID: 29619738 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0506-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Energetic properties of chlorophylls in photosynthetic complexes are strongly modulated by their interaction with the protein matrix and by inter-pigment coupling. This spectral tuning is especially striking in photosystem I (PSI) complexes that contain low-energy chlorophylls emitting above 700 nm. Such low-energy chlorophylls have been observed in cyanobacterial PSI, algal and plant PSI-LHCI complexes, and individual light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) proteins. However, there has been no direct evidence of their presence in algal PSI core complexes lacking LHCI. In order to determine the lowest-energy states of chlorophylls and their dynamics in algal PSI antenna systems, we performed time-resolved fluorescence measurements at 77 K for PSI core and PSI-LHCI complexes isolated from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The pool of low-energy chlorophylls observed in PSI cores is generally smaller and less red-shifted than that observed in PSI-LHCI complexes. Excitation energy equilibration between bulk and low-energy chlorophylls in the PSI-LHCI complexes at 77 K leads to population of excited states that are less red-shifted (by ~ 12 nm) than at room temperature. On the other hand, analysis of the detection wavelength dependence of the effective trapping time of bulk excitations in the PSI core at 77 K provided evidence for an energy threshold at ~ 675 nm, above which trapping slows down. Based on these observations, we postulate that excitation energy transfer from bulk to low-energy chlorophylls and from bulk to reaction center chlorophylls are thermally activated uphill processes that likely occur via higher excitonic states of energy accepting chlorophylls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Giera
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Szewczyk
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michael D McConnell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, 1711 S. Rural Rd, Box 871604, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA
| | - Kevin E Redding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, 1711 S. Rural Rd, Box 871604, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Krzysztof Gibasiewicz
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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Marco P, Kozuleva M, Eilenberg H, Mazor Y, Gimeson P, Kanygin A, Redding K, Weiner I, Yacoby I. Binding of ferredoxin to algal photosystem I involves a single binding site and is composed of two thermodynamically distinct events. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:234-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mutations in algal and cyanobacterial Photosystem I that independently affect the yield of initial charge separation in the two electron transfer cofactor branches. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:42-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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9
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Bergner SV, Scholz M, Trompelt K, Barth J, Gäbelein P, Steinbeck J, Xue H, Clowez S, Fucile G, Goldschmidt-Clermont M, Fufezan C, Hippler M. STATE TRANSITION7-Dependent Phosphorylation Is Modulated by Changing Environmental Conditions, and Its Absence Triggers Remodeling of Photosynthetic Protein Complexes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:615-34. [PMID: 25858915 PMCID: PMC4453777 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants and algae, the serine/threonine kinase STN7/STT7, orthologous protein kinases in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), respectively, is an important regulator in acclimation to changing light environments. In this work, we assessed STT7-dependent protein phosphorylation under high light in C. reinhardtii, known to fully induce the expression of light-harvesting complex stress-related protein3 (LHCSR3) and a nonphotochemical quenching mechanism, in relationship to anoxia where the activity of cyclic electron flow is stimulated. Our quantitative proteomics data revealed numerous unique STT7 protein substrates and STT7-dependent protein phosphorylation variations that were reliant on the environmental condition. These results indicate that STT7-dependent phosphorylation is modulated by the environment and point to an intricate chloroplast phosphorylation network responding in a highly sensitive and dynamic manner to environmental cues and alterations in kinase function. Functionally, the absence of the STT7 kinase triggered changes in protein expression and photoinhibition of photosystem I (PSI) and resulted in the remodeling of photosynthetic complexes. This remodeling initiated a pronounced association of LHCSR3 with PSI-light harvesting complex I (LHCI)-ferredoxin-NADPH oxidoreductase supercomplexes. Lack of STT7 kinase strongly diminished PSII-LHCII supercomplexes, while PSII core complex phosphorylation and accumulation were significantly enhanced. In conclusion, our study provides strong evidence that the regulation of protein phosphorylation is critical for driving successful acclimation to high light and anoxic growth environments and gives new insights into acclimation strategies to these environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Verena Bergner
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Kerstin Trompelt
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Johannes Barth
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Philipp Gäbelein
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Janina Steinbeck
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Huidan Xue
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Sophie Clowez
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Geoffrey Fucile
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Michel Goldschmidt-Clermont
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Christian Fufezan
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Munster, Germany (S.V.B., M.S., K.T., J.B., P.G., J.S., H.X., C.F., M.H.);Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France (S.C.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland (G.F., M.G.-C.)
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Jinkerson RE, Jonikas MC. Molecular techniques to interrogate and edit the Chlamydomonas nuclear genome. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:393-412. [PMID: 25704665 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The success of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model organism is to a large extent due to the wide range of molecular techniques that are available for its characterization. Here, we review some of the techniques currently used to modify and interrogate the C. reinhardtii nuclear genome and explore several technologies under development. Nuclear mutants can be generated with ultraviolet (UV) light and chemical mutagens, or by insertional mutagenesis. Nuclear transformation methods include biolistic delivery, agitation with glass beads, and electroporation. Transforming DNA integrates into the genome at random sites, and multiple strategies exist for mapping insertion sites. A limited number of studies have demonstrated targeted modification of the nuclear genome by approaches such as zinc-finger nucleases and homologous recombination. RNA interference is widely used to knock down expression levels of nuclear genes. A wide assortment of transgenes has been successfully expressed in the Chlamydomonas nuclear genome, including transformation markers, fluorescent proteins, reporter genes, epitope tagged proteins, and even therapeutic proteins. Optimized expression constructs and strains help transgene expression. Emerging technologies such as the CRISPR/Cas9 system, high-throughput mutant identification, and a whole-genome knockout library are being developed for this organism. We discuss how these advances will propel future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Jinkerson
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Martin C Jonikas
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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11
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Le Quiniou C, Tian L, Drop B, Wientjes E, van Stokkum IHM, van Oort B, Croce R. PSI-LHCI of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Increasing the absorption cross section without losing efficiency. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1847:458-467. [PMID: 25681242 PMCID: PMC4547092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is an essential component of photosynthetic membranes. Despite the high sequence and structural homologies, its absorption properties differ substantially in algae, plants and cyanobacteria. In particular it is characterized by the presence of low-energy chlorophylls (red forms), the number and the energy of which vary in different organisms. The PSI-LHCI (PSI-light harvesting complex I) complex of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C.r.) is significantly larger than that of plants, containing five additional light-harvesting complexes (together binding≈65 chlorophylls), and contains red forms with higher energy than plants. To understand how these differences influence excitation energy transfer and trapping in the system, we studied two PSI-LHCI C.r. particles, differing in antenna size and red-form content, using time-resolved fluorescence and compared them to plant PSI-LHCI. The excited state kinetics in C.r. shows the same average lifetime (50 ps) as in plants suggesting that the effect of antenna enlargement is compensated by higher energy red forms. The system equilibrates very fast, indicating that all Lhcas are well-connected, despite their long distance to the core. The differences between C.r. PSI-LHCI with and without Lhca2 and Lhca9 show that these Lhcas bind red forms, although not the red-most. The red-most forms are in (or functionally close to) other Lhcas and slow down the trapping, but hardly affect the quantum efficiency, which remains as high as 97% even in a complex that contains 235 chlorophylls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Le Quiniou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lijin Tian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bartlomiej Drop
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie Wientjes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo H M van Stokkum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van Oort
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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McConnell MD, Lowry D, Rowan TN, van Dijk K, Redding KE. Purification and photobiochemical profile of photosystem 1 from a high-salt tolerant, oleaginous Chlorella (Trebouxiophycaea, Chlorophyta). Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:199-209. [PMID: 25600216 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been studied extensively within the biofuel industry as a model organism, as researchers look towards algae to provide chemical feedstocks (i.e., lipids) for the production of liquid transportation fuels. C. reinhardtii, however, is unsuitable for high-level production of such precursors due to its relatively poor lipid accumulation and fresh-water demand. In this study we offer insight into the primary light harvesting and electron transfer reactions that occur during phototropic growth in a high-salt tolerant strain of Chlorella (a novel strain introduced here as NE1401), a single-celled eukaryotic algae also in the phylum Chlorophyta. Under nutrient starvation many eukaryotic algae increase dramatically the amount of lipids stored in lipid bodies within their cell interiors. Microscopy and lipid analyses indicate that Chlorella sp. NE1401 may become a superior candidate for algal biofuels production. We have purified highly active Photosystem 1 (PS1) complexes to study in vitro, so that we may understand further the photobiochemisty of this promising biofuel producer and how its characteristics compare and contrast with that of the better understood C. reinhardtii. Our findings suggest that the PS1 complex from Chlorella sp. NE1401 demonstrates similar characteristics to that of C. reinhardtii with respect to light-harvesting and electron transfer reactions. We also illustrate that the relative extent of the light state transition performed by Chlorella sp. NE1401 is smaller compared to C. reinhardtii, although they are triggered by the same dynamic light stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D McConnell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA., Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, USA
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13
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Giera W, Szewczyk S, McConnell MD, Snellenburg J, Redding KE, van Grondelle R, Gibasiewicz K. Excitation dynamics in Photosystem I from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Comparative studies of isolated complexes and whole cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1756-68. [PMID: 24973599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Identical time-resolved fluorescence measurements with ~3.5-ps resolution were performed for three types of PSI preparations from the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: isolated PSI cores, isolated PSI-LHCI complexes and PSI-LHCI complexes in whole living cells. Fluorescence decay in these types of PSI preparations has been previously investigated but never under the same experimental conditions. As a result we present consistent picture of excitation dynamics in algal PSI. Temporal evolution of fluorescence spectra can be generally described by three decay components with similar lifetimes in all samples (6-8ps, 25-30ps, 166-314ps). In the PSI cores, the fluorescence decay is dominated by the two fastest components (~90%), which can be assigned to excitation energy trapping in the reaction center by reversible primary charge separation. Excitation dynamics in the PSI-LHCI preparations is more complex because of the energy transfer between the LHCI antenna system and the core. The average trapping time of excitations created in the well coupled LHCI antenna system is about 12-15ps longer than excitations formed in the PSI core antenna. Excitation dynamics in PSI-LHCI complexes in whole living cells is very similar to that observed in isolated complexes. Our data support the view that chlorophylls responsible for the long-wavelength emission are located mostly in LHCI. We also compared in detail our results with the literature data obtained for plant PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Giera
- Department of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Szewczyk
- Department of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Michael D McConnell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, 1711 S. Rural Rd, Box 871604, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA
| | - Joris Snellenburg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin E Redding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, 1711 S. Rural Rd, Box 871604, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Krzysztof Gibasiewicz
- Department of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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14
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Drop B, Yadav K N S, Boekema EJ, Croce R. Consequences of state transitions on the structural and functional organization of photosystem I in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 78:181-91. [PMID: 24506306 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
State transitions represent a photoacclimation process that regulates the light-driven photosynthetic reactions in response to changes in light quality/quantity. It balances the excitation between photosystem I (PSI) and II (PSII) by shuttling LHCII, the main light-harvesting complex of green algae and plants, between them. This process is particularly important in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in which it is suggested to induce a large reorganization in the thylakoid membrane. Phosphorylation has been shown to be necessary for state transitions and the LHCII kinase has been identified. However, the consequences of state transitions on the structural organization and the functionality of the photosystems have not yet been elucidated. This situation is mainly because the purification of the supercomplexes has proved to be particularly difficult, thus preventing structural and functional studies. Here, we have purified and analysed PSI and PSII supercomplexes of C. reinhardtii in states 1 and 2, and have studied them using biochemical, spectroscopic and structural methods. It is shown that PSI in state 2 is able to bind two LHCII trimers that contain all four LHCII types, and one monomer, most likely CP29, in addition to its nine Lhcas. This structure is the largest PSI complex ever observed, having an antenna size of 340 Chls/P700. Moreover, all PSI-bound Lhcs are efficient in transferring energy to PSI. A projection map at 20 Å resolution reveals the structural organization of the complex. Surprisingly, only LHCII type I, II and IV are phosphorylated when associated with PSI, while LHCII type III and CP29 are not, but CP29 is phosphorylated when associated with PSII in state2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Drop
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Drop B, Webber-Birungi M, Yadav SK, Filipowicz-Szymanska A, Fusetti F, Boekema EJ, Croce R. Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) and its supramolecular organization in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Esselborn J, Lambertz C, Adamska-Venkates A, Simmons T, Berggren G, Noth J, Siebel J, Hemschemeier A, Artero V, Reijerse E, Fontecave M, Lubitz W, Happe T. Spontaneous activation of [FeFe]-hydrogenases by an inorganic [2Fe] active site mimic. Nat Chem Biol 2013; 9:607-609. [PMID: 23934246 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogenases catalyze the formation of hydrogen. The cofactor ('H-cluster') of [FeFe]-hydrogenases consists of a [4Fe-4S] cluster bridged to a unique [2Fe] subcluster whose biosynthesis in vivo requires hydrogenase-specific maturases. Here we show that a chemical mimic of the [2Fe] subcluster can reconstitute apo-hydrogenase to full activity, independent of helper proteins. The assembled H-cluster is virtually indistinguishable from the native cofactor. This procedure will be a powerful tool for developing new artificial H₂-producing catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Esselborn
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, AG Photobiotechnologie, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Camilla Lambertz
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, AG Photobiotechnologie, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Adamska-Venkates
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Trevor Simmons
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (CEA / Université Grenoble 1 / CNRS), 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Gustav Berggren
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (CEA / Université Grenoble 1 / CNRS), 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Jens Noth
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, AG Photobiotechnologie, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Judith Siebel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Anja Hemschemeier
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, AG Photobiotechnologie, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Vincent Artero
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (CEA / Université Grenoble 1 / CNRS), 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Edward Reijerse
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Marc Fontecave
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (CEA / Université Grenoble 1 / CNRS), 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France.,Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Wolfgang Lubitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Happe
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, AG Photobiotechnologie, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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17
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Energy-dissipative supercomplex of photosystem II associated with LHCSR3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:10016-21. [PMID: 23716695 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222606110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and green algae have a low pH-inducible mechanism in photosystem II (PSII) that dissipates excess light energy, measured as the nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (qE). Recently, nonphotochemical quenching 4 (npq4), a mutant strain of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that is qE-deficient and lacks the light-harvesting complex stress-related protein 3 (LHCSR3), was reported [Peers G, et al. (2009) Nature 462(7272):518-521]. Here, applying a newly established procedure, we isolated the PSII supercomplex and its associated light-harvesting proteins from both WT C. reinhardtii and the npq4 mutant grown in either low light (LL) or high light (HL). LHCSR3 was present in the PSII supercomplex from the HL-grown WT, but not in the supercomplex from the LL-grown WT or mutant. The purified PSII supercomplex containing LHCSR3 exhibited a normal fluorescence lifetime at a neutral pH (7.5) by single-photon counting analysis, but a significantly shorter lifetime at pH 5.5, which mimics the acidified lumen of the thylakoid membranes in HL-exposed chloroplasts. The switch from light-harvesting mode to energy-dissipating mode observed in the LHCSR3-containing PSII supercomplex was sensitive to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, a protein-modifying agent specific to protonatable amino acid residues. We conclude that the PSII-LHCII-LHCSR3 supercomplex formed in the HL-grown C. reinhardtii cells is capable of energy dissipation on protonation of LHCSR3.
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18
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Allorent G, Tokutsu R, Roach T, Peers G, Cardol P, Girard-Bascou J, Seigneurin-Berny D, Petroutsos D, Kuntz M, Breyton C, Franck F, Wollman FA, Niyogi KK, Krieger-Liszkay A, Minagawa J, Finazzi G. A dual strategy to cope with high light in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:545-57. [PMID: 23424243 PMCID: PMC3608777 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.108274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Absorption of light in excess of the capacity for photosynthetic electron transport is damaging to photosynthetic organisms. Several mechanisms exist to avoid photodamage, which are collectively referred to as nonphotochemical quenching. This term comprises at least two major processes. State transitions (qT) represent changes in the relative antenna sizes of photosystems II and I. High energy quenching (qE) is the increased thermal dissipation of light energy triggered by lumen acidification. To investigate the respective roles of qE and qT in photoprotection, a mutant (npq4 stt7-9) was generated in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by crossing the state transition-deficient mutant (stt7-9) with a strain having a largely reduced qE capacity (npq4). The comparative phenotypic analysis of the wild type, single mutants, and double mutants reveals that both state transitions and qE are induced by high light. Moreover, the double mutant exhibits an increased photosensitivity with respect to the single mutants and the wild type. Therefore, we suggest that besides qE, state transitions also play a photoprotective role during high light acclimation of the cells, most likely by decreasing hydrogen peroxide production. These results are discussed in terms of the relative photoprotective benefit related to thermal dissipation of excess light and/or to the physical displacement of antennas from photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Allorent
- Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, l'Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1200, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Ryutaro Tokutsu
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 444-8585 Okazaki, Japan
| | - Thomas Roach
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives Saclay, Institute of Biology and Technology-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8221, Service de Bioénergétique, Biologie Structurale et Mécanisme, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Graham Peers
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1062
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Laboratoire de Génétique des Microorganismes Département des Sciences de la Vie, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Jacqueline Girard-Bascou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie Institut de Biologie Physico Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Daphné Seigneurin-Berny
- Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, l'Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1200, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Dimitris Petroutsos
- Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, l'Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1200, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Marcel Kuntz
- Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, l'Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1200, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile Breyton
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5075, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique/Université Grenoble 1, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Franck
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique, Département des Sciences de la Vie, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie Institut de Biologie Physico Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Krishna K. Niyogi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-3102
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives Saclay, Institute of Biology and Technology-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8221, Service de Bioénergétique, Biologie Structurale et Mécanisme, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 444-8585 Okazaki, Japan
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, l'Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1200, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Address correspondence to
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19
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Drop B, Webber-Birungi M, Fusetti F, Kouřil R, Redding KE, Boekema EJ, Croce R. Photosystem I of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii contains nine light-harvesting complexes (Lhca) located on one side of the core. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:44878-87. [PMID: 22049081 PMCID: PMC3247965 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.301101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we have purified the Photosystem I (PSI) complex of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to homogeneity. Biochemical, proteomic, spectroscopic, and structural analyses reveal the main properties of this PSI-LHCI supercomplex. The data show that the largest purified complex is composed of one core complex and nine Lhca antennas and that it contains all Lhca gene products. A projection map at 15 Å resolution obtained by electron microscopy reveals that the Lhcas are organized on one side of the core in a double half-ring arrangement, in contrast with previous suggestions. A series of stable disassembled PSI-LHCI intermediates was purified. The analysis of these complexes suggests the sequence of the assembly/disassembly process. It is shown that PSI-LHCI of C. reinhardtii is larger but far less stable than the complex from higher plants. Lhca2 and Lhca9 (the red-most antenna complexes), although present in the largest complex in 1:1 ratio with the core, are only loosely associated with it. This can explain the large variation in antenna composition of PSI-LHCI from C. reinhardtii found in the literature. The analysis of several subcomplexes with reduced antenna size allows determination of the position of Lhca2 and Lhca9 and leads to a proposal for a model of the organization of the Lhcas within the PSI-LHCI supercomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Drop
- From the Department of Biophysical Chemistry and
- the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fabrizia Fusetti
- Department of Biochemistry and the Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Groningen Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Kouřil
- From the Department of Biophysical Chemistry and
| | - Kevin E. Redding
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, and
| | | | - Roberta Croce
- From the Department of Biophysical Chemistry and
- the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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McConnell MD, Cowgill JB, Baker PL, Rappaport F, Redding KE. Double reduction of plastoquinone to plastoquinol in photosystem 1. Biochemistry 2011; 50:11034-46. [PMID: 22103567 DOI: 10.1021/bi201131r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In Photosystem 1 (PS1), phylloquinone (PhQ) acts as a secondary electron acceptor from chlorophyll ec(3) and also as an electron donor to the iron-sulfur cluster F(X). PS1 possesses two virtually equivalent branches of electron transfer (ET) cofactors from P(700) to F(X), and the lifetime of the semiquinone intermediate displays biphasic kinetics, reflecting ET along the two different branches. PhQ in PS1 serves only as an intermediate in ET and is not normally fully reduced to the quinol form. This is in contrast to PS2, in which plastoquinone (PQ) is doubly reduced to plastoquinol (PQH(2)) as the terminal electron acceptor. We purified PS1 particles from the menD1 mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that cannot synthesize PhQ, resulting in replacement of PhQ by PQ in the quinone-binding pocket. The magnitude of the stable flash-induced P(700)(+) signal of menD1 PS1, but not wild-type PS1, decreased during a train of laser flashes, as it was replaced by a ~30 ns back-reaction from the preceding radical pair (P(700)(+)A(0)(-)). We show that this process of photoinactivation is due to double reduction of PQ in the menD1 PS1 and have characterized the process. It is accelerated at lower pH, consistent with a rate-limiting protonation step. Moreover, a point mutation (PsaA-L722T) in the PhQ(A) site that accelerates ET to F(X) ~2-fold, likely by weakening the sole H-bond to PhQ(A), also accelerates the photoinactivation process. The addition of exogenous PhQ can restore activity to photoinactivated PS1 and confer resistance to further photoinactivation. This process also occurs with PS1 purified from the menB PhQ biosynthesis mutant of Synechocystis PCC 6803, demonstrating that it is a general phenomenon in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic PS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D McConnell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States.
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A heterogeneous tag-attachment to the homodimeric type 1 photosynthetic reaction center core protein in the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:803-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Thangaraj B, Jolley CC, Sarrou I, Bultema JB, Greyslak J, Whitelegge JP, Lin S, Kouřil R, Subramanyam R, Boekema EJ, Fromme P. Efficient light harvesting in a dark, hot, acidic environment: the structure and function of PSI-LHCI from Galdieria sulphuraria. Biophys J 2011; 100:135-43. [PMID: 21190665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I-light harvesting complex I (PSI-LHCI) was isolated from the thermoacidophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria, and its structure, composition, and light-harvesting function were characterized by electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, and ultrafast optical spectroscopy. The results show that Galdieria PSI is a monomer with core features similar to those of PSI from green algae, but with significant differences in shape and size. A comparison with the crystal structure of higher plant (pea) PSI-LHCI indicates that Galdieria PSI binds seven to nine light-harvesting proteins. Results from ultrafast optical spectroscopy show that the functional coupling of the LHCI proteins to the PSI core is tighter than in other eukaryotic PSI-LHCI systems reported thus far. This tight coupling helps Galdieria perform efficient light harvesting under the low-light conditions present in its natural endolithic habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakumar Thangaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Jung H, Gulis G, Gupta S, Redding K, Gosztola DJ, Wiederrecht GP, Stroscio MA, Dutta M. Optical and Electrical Measurement of Energy Transfer between Nanocrystalline Quantum Dots and Photosystem I. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14544-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp102291e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeson Jung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Physics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60607, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Alabama 35487, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Arizona 85287, and Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Galina Gulis
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Physics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60607, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Alabama 35487, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Arizona 85287, and Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Subhadra Gupta
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Physics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60607, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Alabama 35487, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Arizona 85287, and Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Kevin Redding
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Physics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60607, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Alabama 35487, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Arizona 85287, and Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - David J. Gosztola
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Physics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60607, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Alabama 35487, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Arizona 85287, and Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Gary P. Wiederrecht
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Physics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60607, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Alabama 35487, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Arizona 85287, and Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Michael A. Stroscio
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Physics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60607, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Alabama 35487, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Arizona 85287, and Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Mitra Dutta
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Physics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60607, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Alabama 35487, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Arizona 85287, and Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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Iwai M, Takizawa K, Tokutsu R, Okamuro A, Takahashi Y, Minagawa J. Isolation of the elusive supercomplex that drives cyclic electron flow in photosynthesis. Nature 2010; 464:1210-3. [PMID: 20364124 DOI: 10.1038/nature08885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic light reactions establish electron flow in the chloroplast's thylakoid membranes, leading to the production of the ATP and NADPH that participate in carbon fixation. Two modes of electron flow exist-linear electron flow (LEF) from water to NADP(+) via photosystem (PS) II and PSI in series and cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI (ref. 2). Although CEF is essential for satisfying the varying demand for ATP, the exact molecule(s) and operational site are as yet unclear. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the electron flow shifts from LEF to CEF on preferential excitation of PSII (ref. 3), which is brought about by an energy balancing mechanism between PSII and PSI (state transitions). Here, we isolated a protein supercomplex composed of PSI with its own light-harvesting complex (LHCI), the PSII light-harvesting complex (LHCII), the cytochrome b(6)f complex (Cyt bf), ferredoxin (Fd)-NADPH oxidoreductase (FNR), and the integral membrane protein PGRL1 (ref. 5) from C. reinhardtii cells under PSII-favouring conditions. Spectroscopic analyses indicated that on illumination, reducing equivalents from downstream of PSI were transferred to Cyt bf, whereas oxidised PSI was re-reduced by reducing equivalents from Cyt bf, indicating that this supercomplex is engaged in CEF (Supplementary Fig. 1). Thus, formation and dissociation of the PSI-LHCI-LHCII-FNR-Cyt bf-PGRL1 supercomplex not only controlled the energy balance of the two photosystems, but also switched the mode of photosynthetic electron flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Iwai
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
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Requirements for construction of a functional hybrid complex of photosystem I and [NiFe]-hydrogenase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:2641-51. [PMID: 20154103 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02700-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cellular systems in which the enzyme hydrogenase is efficiently coupled to the oxygenic photosynthesis apparatus represents an attractive avenue to produce H(2) sustainably from light and water. Here we describe the molecular design of the individual components required for the direct coupling of the O(2)-tolerant membrane-bound hydrogenase (MBH) from Ralstonia eutropha H16 to the acceptor site of photosystem I (PS I) from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. By genetic engineering, the peripheral subunit PsaE of PS I was fused to the MBH, and the resulting hybrid protein was purified from R. eutropha to apparent homogeneity via two independent affinity chromatographical steps. The catalytically active MBH-PsaE (MBH(PsaE)) hybrid protein could be isolated only from the cytoplasmic fraction. This was surprising, since the MBH is a substrate of the twin-arginine translocation system and was expected to reside in the periplasm. We conclude that the attachment of the additional PsaE domain to the small, electron-transferring subunit of the MBH completely abolished the export competence of the protein. Activity measurements revealed that the H(2) production capacity of the purified MBH(PsaE) fusion protein was very similar to that of wild-type MBH. In order to analyze the specific interaction of MBH(PsaE) with PS I, His-tagged PS I lacking the PsaE subunit was purified via Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity and subsequent hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Formation of PS I-hydrogenase supercomplexes was demonstrated by blue native gel electrophoresis. The results indicate a vital prerequisite for the quantitative analysis of the MBH(PsaE)-PS I complex formation and its light-driven H(2) production capacity by means of spectroelectrochemistry.
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Kubota H, Sakurai I, Katayama K, Mizusawa N, Ohashi S, Kobayashi M, Zhang P, Aro EM, Wada H. Purification and characterization of photosystem I complex from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by expressing histidine-tagged subunits. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1797:98-105. [PMID: 19751700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We generated Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 strains, designated F-His and J-His, which express histidine-tagged PsaF and PsaJ subunits, respectively, for simple purification of the photosystem I (PSI) complex. Six histidine residues were genetically added to the C-terminus of the PsaF subunit in F-His cells and the N-terminus of the PsaJ subunit in J-His cells. The histidine residues introduced had no apparent effect on photoautotrophic growth of the cells or the activity of PSI and PSII in thylakoid membranes. PSI complexes could be simply purified from the F-His and J-His cells by Ni2+-affinity column chromatography. When thylakoid membranes corresponding to 20 mg chlorophyll were used, PSI complexes corresponding to about 7 mg chlorophyll could be purified in both strains. The purified PSI complexes could be separated into monomers and trimers by ultracentrifugation in glycerol density gradient and high activity was recorded for trimers isolated from the F-His and J-His strains. Blue-Native PAGE and SDS-PAGE analysis of monomers and trimers indicated the existence of two distinct monomers with different subunit compositions and no contamination of PSI with other complexes, such as PSII and Cyt b(6)f. Further analysis of proteins and lipids in the purified PSI indicated the presence of novel proteins in the monomers and about six lipid molecules per monomer unit in the trimers. These results demonstrate that active PSI complexes can be simply purified from the constructed strains and the strains are very useful tools for analysis of PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Kubota
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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