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Fradelos EC, Alikari V, Artemi S, Missouridou E, Mangoulia P, Kyranou M, Saridi M, Toska A, Tsaras K, Tzavella F. A Mixed-Method Study on the Assessment of Factors Influencing Nurses' Provision of Spiritual Care. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:854. [PMID: 38667616 PMCID: PMC11050414 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12080854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore factors that influence nurses' beliefs about offering spiritual care. STUDY DESIGN A mixed-method study design, incorporating both quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative research, was used for this study (focus group discussion). METHODS The questionnaires were completed by a convenience sample of nurses and their assistants working in two public hospitals. These questionnaires included the Greek versions of the FACIT-Sp-12, SCIPS, NEO-FFI, and the Spiritual Climate Scale, as well as a specially designed questionnaire to gather demographic, socioeconomic, and professional information about the study population (SCS). Three nurses and two nursing assistants who worked in public hospitals and were chosen through purposive sampling made up the sample for the qualitative study. In utilizing inductive content analysis methodology, a qualitative analysis was carried out. RESULTS Greek nurses frequently offer spiritual care to their patients, primarily existential spiritual care. It was discovered that the spiritual climate, the nurses' positive coherence, and their educational level all exert a favorable effect on total spiritual care. Three categories and seven subcategories were used to describe the participants' prior experiences with spiritual care. CONCLUSIONS Greek nurses frequently offer spiritual care to their patients, and both internal and external factors influence their attitudes in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos C. Fradelos
- Laboratory of Clinical Nursing, Department of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Victoria Alikari
- Department of Nursing, University of West Attica, 12244 Egaleo, Greece; (V.A.); (E.M.)
| | | | - Evdokia Missouridou
- Department of Nursing, University of West Attica, 12244 Egaleo, Greece; (V.A.); (E.M.)
| | | | - Maria Kyranou
- Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus;
| | - Maria Saridi
- Laboratory of Clinical Nursing, Department of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Aikaterini Toska
- Laboratory of Clinical Nursing, Department of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.S.); (A.T.)
| | | | - Foteini Tzavella
- Department of Nursing, University of Peloponnese, 22131 Tripoli, Greece;
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Promm M, Otto W, Götz S, Burger M, Müller K, Rubenwolf P, Neuhuber WL, Rösch WH. Innervation pattern of the unclosed detrusor muscle in classic bladder exstrophy: a study of patients with urothelial overexpression of nerve growth factor. Pediatr Surg Int 2024; 40:69. [PMID: 38441774 PMCID: PMC10914852 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-024-05649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE An overexpression of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the urothelium is discussed to lead to neuronal hyperinnervation of the bladder detrusor. The aim was to assess the sensory and sympathetic innervation of the detrusor in unclosed exstrophic bladders patients with known overexpression of NGF in the urothelium. METHODS Full-thickness bladder biopsies were prospectively obtained from 34 infants at delayed primary bladder closure between 01/2015 and 04/2020. The bladder biopsies were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against S100, calcitonin gene-related peptide (anti-CGRP), Neurofilament 200 (anti-NF200), and tyrosine-hydroxylase (anti-TH). Specimens from 6 children with congenital vesicoureterorenal reflux (VUR) served as controls. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in nerve fiber density in any of the immunohistochemical assessments (anti-S100 [p = 0.210], anti-CGRP [p = 0.897], anti-NF200 [p = 0.897]), and anti-TH [p = 0.956]) between patients with BE and patients with VUR. However, we observed a trend toward lower nerve fiber densities in exstrophic detrusor. CONCLUSION Overall our results showed an unharmed innervation pattern in this cohort but a lower density of nerve fibers in the detrusor compared to controls. Further studies in patients after successful primary closure are needed to clarify the potential impact of the urothelial overexpression of NGF modulating the innervation pattern in exstrophic bladders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Promm
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Clinic St. Hedwig, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Steinmetzstr. 1-3, 93049, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Otto
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Götz
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Burger
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karolina Müller
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Rubenwolf
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Clinic St. Hedwig, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Steinmetzstr. 1-3, 93049, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Winfried L Neuhuber
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitaetsstr. 19, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Rösch
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Clinic St. Hedwig, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Steinmetzstr. 1-3, 93049, Regensburg, Germany
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Upfold C, Jentz C, Heilmann P, Nathanielsen N, Chaimowitz G, Sørensen LU. Forensic psychiatry patients, services, and legislation in Nunavut and Greenland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2023; 91:101921. [PMID: 37690360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Circumpolar regions face unique challenges in establishing and maintaining mental health care systems, including forensic psychiatry services. The scarcity of data and lack of evidence concerning the forensic psychiatry patient (FPP) populations of Nunavut and Greenland exacerbates the challenges of informing best practices and healthcare planning. By comparing the prevalence of forensic psychiatry patients, the mental health care services, and the legislation in these two relatively similar but unique regions, insight may be gained that can help inform healthcare planning. This cross-sectional study includes all forensic psychiatry in- and outpatients in one year from Nunavut (2018) and on February 29, 2020, in Greenland. The Greenland sample (n = 93) was nearly four times larger than the Nunavut sample (n = 15) at the population level. Despite considerable differences in forensic legislation and service supply, the forensic psychiatry patients in the two areas share several similarities. A total of 87% (n = 13) in the Nunavut sample were diagnosed with a DSM-5 schizophrenia spectrum disorder or other psychotic disorder. In Greenland, 82% (n = 76) were diagnosed with an ICD-10 F2 diagnosis (schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders). Approximately 2/3 of the patients in both populations were diagnosed with substance use disorder, and 60% of the Nunavut FPP received long-acting antipsychotic injections versus 62% in Greenland. Nearly half of the FPPs in both populations had never been convicted prior to entering the forensic psychiatry system; Nunavut 45% versus Greenland 47%. A substantial proportion of Greenlandic FPPs were outpatients compared to Nunavut (83% versus 47%). This study is an essential first step toward describing a Model of Care for forensic psychiatry patients in circumpolar regions; furthermore, the clinical similarities between the two populations provide support for future joint Arctic research and the inclusion of artic forensic patients in international studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Upfold
- Forensic Psychiatry Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Canada
| | - Christian Jentz
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | | | - Gary Chaimowitz
- Forensic Psychiatry Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Canada; McMaster University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Canada.
| | - Lisbeth Uhrskov Sørensen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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Shim KJ, Menkhoff T, Teo LYQ, Ong CSQ. Assessing the effectiveness of a chatbot workshop as experiential teaching and learning tool to engage undergraduate students. EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37361735 PMCID: PMC10161162 DOI: 10.1007/s10639-023-11795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we empirically examine and assess the effectiveness of a chatbot workshop as experiential teaching and learning tool to engage undergraduate students enrolled in an elective course "Doing Business with A.I." in the Lee Kong Chian School of Business (LKCSB) at Singapore Management University. The chatbot workshop provides non-STEM students with an opportunity to acquire basic skills to build a chatbot prototype using the 'Dialogflow' program. The workshop and the experiential learning activity are designed to impart conversation and user-centric design know how and know why to students. A key didactical aspect which informs the design and flow of the chatbot workshop is that novice learners with no or very little knowledge about A.I. recognize and create the important linkage between knowledge inputs and outputs of conversational agents powered by natural language processing (NLP) so that user queries can be effectively addressed. According to the study results, 90.7% of all surveyed students (n = 43) were satisfied with the experiential learning chatbot workshop; 81.4% of the respondents felt engaged while 81.3% of the participants reported moderate to high levels of competencies (81.3%) as result of the hands-on workshop. Almost all students surveyed (97.7%) felt that the experiential chatbot workshop had met the expected learning outcomes. Besides presenting empirical data that underscore the pedagogical usefulness of conducting an experiential Chatbot workshop in basic A.I. classes with special reference to NLP, we are trying to corroborate a conceptual model developed from learning theories and technology mediated learning (TML) models aimed at measuring the effects of a chatbot practicum on students' engagement and motivation as potential drivers of successfully acquiring basic NLP skills and learner satisfaction. The paper provides useful practical information for instructors interested in deploying a practical chatbot workshop as effective TML tool in a tertiary educational context aimed at making learners 'future-ready'. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10639-023-11795-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Jin Shim
- School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Menkhoff
- Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lydia Ying Qian Teo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clement Shi Qi Ong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
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Warner ZC, Gilbert-Gard K, Reid B, Joseph W, Kepka D, Auguste P, Warner EL. Knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer among a predominantly Indigenous Caribbean community. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:243. [PMID: 36737701 PMCID: PMC9898893 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess awareness levels and knowledge of colorectal cancer (CRC) and CRC screening among an Indigenous Caribbean community. METHODS A community-based participatory research project was developed to perform a needs assessment of cancer prevention and education in an Indigenous non-metropolitan community in Dominica. Purposive sampling occurred at a local health clinic. Data was collected from 58 eligible patients via a 57-item structured interview. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and demographic correlates of CRC knowledge and awareness were assessed using chi-square and Fisher Exact tests. RESULTS Of 58 participants, 72.4% identified as Indigenous, and 36.5% had heard of CRC. Most respondents (96.1%) believed CRC screening to be "important," yet only 3.0% of those who were age eligible had received screening in the prior 10 years, and 12.5% knew how to get screened. More respondents with incomes over $5,000 ECD had heard of CRC (72.2%) compared to those who had not (21.7%), and those who were unsure (16.7%, p < 0.01). Among those with a family cancer history, 14.3% knew how to get tested for CRC, 60.0% did not, and 25.0% were unsure (p < 0.03). CONCLUSION Despite limited familiarity with CRC screening, participants broadly believed CRC screening to be important. Health education research is needed to develop patient-centered, culturally appropriate materials about CRC screening and prevention. Future work facilitating productive community partnerships and incorporating prevailing community traditions may align cancer prevention and education initiatives with community priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C. Warner
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Kacy Gilbert-Gard
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XSchool of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Brandon Reid
- grid.266515.30000 0001 2106 0692 Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Wichita, Lawrence, USA
| | | | - Deanna Kepka
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake, USA ,grid.479969.c0000 0004 0422 3447Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake, USA
| | - Priscilla Auguste
- grid.411017.20000 0001 2151 0999Department of Family Medicine, University of Arkansas for Health Sciences, Fayetteville, USA
| | - Echo L. Warner
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake, USA ,grid.479969.c0000 0004 0422 3447Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake, USA
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Woo SK, Pai CJ, Chiang YT, Fang WT. Predicting the Protective Behavioral Intentions for Parents with Young Children Living in Taipei City and New Taipei City Using the Theory of Planned Behavior for Air Polluted with PM2.5. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2518. [PMID: 36767882 PMCID: PMC9915843 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While studies on the damaging effects of PM2.5 air pollution are abundant, studies seeking to understand the factors that influence human behaviors for the avoidance of exposure to PM2.5 are lacking. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) can be used to investigate the effects of Attitudes (AT), Subjective Norms (SN), and Perceived Behavioral Controls (PBC) in the Behavioral Intentions (BI) of parents with young children against exposure to PM2.5. Questionnaires, based on the TPB used to predict BI, were distributed to 610 parents in Taipei City and New Taipei City. Our results revealed that the AT of both groups had a significant positive predictive effect on their PBC and BI. While the SN of the Taipei group affected BI directly, there was no significant effect on the BI from the SN of the New Taipei group. Using path analysis, Taipei City and New Taipei City groups had different BI paths: All five hypotheses are statistically significant and form four paths in the Taipei City group. While only four hypotheses in the New Taipei City group formed three paths and no path for SN-BI. Both groups formed behaviors that were based on the SN/PBC around them, which ultimately contributed to the BI of their protective behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi-Te Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ta Fang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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Lee MS, Hughes A, Lockmiller C, Day A, Brown M, Jenson R. Working Together: How Academic Librarians Can Help Researchers Prepare for a Grey Literature Search for Systematic Reviews Involving Minoritized Populations. JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIANSHIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acalib.2022.102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Warner ZC, Reid B, Auguste P, Joseph W, Kepka D, Warner EL. Awareness and Knowledge of HPV, HPV Vaccination, and Cervical Cancer among an Indigenous Caribbean Community. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5694. [PMID: 35565089 PMCID: PMC9105034 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caribbean women experience a cervical cancer incidence rate that is three times higher than that among their North American counterparts. In this study, we performed a needs assessment of the knowledge and awareness of HPV, HPV vaccination, and cervical cancer and receipt of cervical cancer screening among an indigenous Caribbean community. We purposively recruited individuals aged ≥18 from a community health care clinic (n = 58) to complete a 57-item structured interview including items on demographics, cancer history, knowledge and awareness of HPV, HPV vaccines, cervical cancer, and cervical cancer screening. Participants' mean age was 47.1 years (SD: 14.4). Most were female (74.1%), were married/partnered (51.7%), had primary education (63.8%), and identified as Kalinago (72.4%). Whereas 79.5% had heard of cervical cancer, few had heard of HPV (19.6%) or the HPV vaccine (21.8%). Among those who knew someone with cancer, 90.9% had heard of the HPV vaccine, compared with only 9.1% of those who did not know anyone with cancer (p = 0.02). Access to HPV vaccination is an immediate, cost-effective cancer prevention priority for reducing the disproportionate burden of HPV-related cancers, particularly cervical cancer, in the Caribbean. We recommend culturally targeted education interventions to improve knowledge about HPV vaccination and the link between HPV and cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Claude Warner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Brandon Reid
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas, 138 N Santa Fe Ave, Salina, KS 67401, USA;
| | - Priscilla Auguste
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Arkansas for Health Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Winnie Joseph
- Salybia Health Clinic, Saint David Parish, Bataka 00109, Dominica;
| | - Deanna Kepka
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, 10 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (D.K.); (E.L.W.)
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Cancer Control and Population Sciences, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Echo Lyn Warner
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, 10 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (D.K.); (E.L.W.)
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Cancer Control and Population Sciences, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Woo SK, LePage B, Chiang YT, Fang WT. Predicting the protective behavioral intentions for parents with young children that possess different levels of education in Hong Kong using the theory of planned behavior for air polluted with PM2.5. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:761. [PMID: 35428217 PMCID: PMC9011999 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Air pollution has fast become an issue with great environmental and human health problems that can be attributed to rapid global industrialization and urbanization that has strong negative impacts on human health. Children are particularly vulnerable. While studies on the effects and toxicology of particulate matter pollutants that are 2.5 microns or smaller in size (PM2.5) are abundant, understanding the factors that influence human behaviors against or the avoidance of exposure/contact to air polluted with high levels of PM2.5 is lacking. In this study, this gap was narrowed by used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to investigate the effects of Attitudes (AT), Subjective Norms (SN), and Perceived Behavioral Controls (PBC) on the Behavioral Intentions (BI) of parents with young children with different levels of education against or avoiding contact/exposure to air polluted with high levels of PM2.5.
Methods
The TPB model was used to predict the BI of parents with young children with different levels of education that live in Hong Kong using the results collected from 410 online questionnaires. Aspects of the BI influencing parents with young children that earned undergraduate group and post-graduate group were analysed using Smart Partial Least Squares 2.0 software.
Results
Our results revealed there were substantial differences in the AT of parents with young children that earned undergraduate and post-graduate degrees with respect to exposure to air with PM2.5 pollution.
Conclusions
In this study we assessed the factors that influence the air pollution prevention and avoidance behaviors of parents of the undergraduate and post-graduate groups that were exposed to air polluted with PM2.5. Our results show the AT, SN, PBC, and BI used in the air pollution protection model for the parents of both groups are connected by separate pathways. The undergraduate group has a higher PBC compared to the post-graduate group because the SN associated with their social ecosystems contribute to their BI. Using path analysis, we revealed that the undergraduate and post-graduate groups had different BI paths. The BI path of the undergraduate group is purer and simpler when compared with the path of the post-graduate group.
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Soni N, Roberts S, Branjerdporn G. Exploring Discharge Outcomes and Readmission Rates of Mothers Admitted to a Psychiatric Mother and Baby Unit. Psychiatr Q 2022; 93:393-407. [PMID: 34606066 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-021-09956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate change in Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) scores from admission to discharge, readmission rates after 28-day and six months post-discharge, and factors associated with readmission in a Mother and Baby Unit (MBU). An exploratory cohort study was completed of mother-infant dyads admitted to a public psychiatric MBU in Australia between March 2017 and August 2018 (18 months). Admission and discharge scores on the clinician-rated Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) were compared using dependent samples t-tests. The frequency of readmission to any psychiatric inpatient unit within six months of discharge was determined from medical records. Characteristics of mothers who were and were not readmitted were evaluated. Of the 82 mother-infant dyads admissions, 12 (14.63%) women were readmitted within six months, and six (7.31%) were readmitted within 28-days. Total HoNOS scores significantly improved between admission and discharge (t(81)=9.45, p<.000). Descriptive statistics for demographics, diagnoses, Mental Health Act status and discharge supports were computed for women readmitted and not readmitted. While these readmission rates and HONOS scores reflect a successful MBU admission, further research is required with larger sample sizes and more specific maternal and infant mental health outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan Soni
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan Roberts
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Grace Branjerdporn
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Wilhelmy A, Köhler T. Qualitative research in work and organizational psychology journals: practices and future opportunities. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2021.2009457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Wilhelmy
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tine Köhler
- Department of Management and Marketing, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Wang M, Zhang Z, Mi J, Wang G, Tian L, Zhao Y, Li X, Li X, Wang X. Interventional Clinical Trials on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Retrospective Analysis. J Pain Res 2021; 14:2651-2664. [PMID: 34471381 PMCID: PMC8405224 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s320364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes. At present, there is no comprehensive summary of the clinical trials related to DPN. In this article, we summarized the basic characteristics of the interventional clinical trials pertaining to DPN to determine the current status of research in this field and the existing issues. Materials and Methods We searched the World Health Organization International Clinical Trial Registration Platform (ICTRP), PubMed and Web of Science for clinical trials from 2005 to April 2021 and extracted 149 registered and 459 published clinical trials on DPN. We summarized the characteristics of the clinical trials, including the source registration, recruitment status, stage, age group, allocation method, intervention, end point classification, funding source, and treatment. Results After excluding noninterventional and nontreatment trials, 149 registered clinical trials out of 292 records from 12 registration centers and 459 published articles were included in this study. Among the registered trials, 43% had been completed, and 34.4% had been published in peer-reviewed journals. Among these trials, more than half used random allocation and blinded placebo-controlled methodologies. A total of 40.3% of the trials were multicenter studies, 63.8% of the treatments were drug therapies, and the endpoint classifications of 49% were efficacy and safety. Of the 459 published interventional clinical trials on DPN, 69.7% of the trials used drug treatments; more than half were randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials; 94.1% had positive outcomes; 46.4% had a target size of 50; and 22.9% were multicenter. Conclusion This paper systematically summarizes the current status of interventional trials on DPN registered in the ICTRP and published clinical trials and provides a reference for the development of high-quality intervention strategies for DPN in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zepeng Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Mi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Tian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,Acupuncture and Massage Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuge Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Upfold C, Chaimowitz G. Forensic psychiatry services in Nunavut. Int J Circumpolar Health 2021; 80:1954362. [PMID: 34278974 PMCID: PMC8291065 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2021.1954362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of research on forensic psychiatry patients from Nunavut, including no published data concerning the prevalence and characterisation of patients in this territory. The lack of basic information hinders the evaluation of services and establishing best practices. The current paper aims to characterise forensic psychiatry patients from Nunavut and further the understanding of the challenges in organising forensic psychiatry healthcare in Nunavut. A retrospective chart review design was used to examine individuals from Nunavut who are engaged with the Ontario forensic psychiatry system. The sample included all Unfit to Stand Trial (26.7%) and Not Criminally Responsible (73.3%) patients (N = 15) under the jurisdiction of the Nunavut Review Board in a one-year period. The average distance between the patient’s place of residence in Nunavut and the Ontario facilities was 2,517 km. Overall, 26.7% were living in Nunavut, 60.0% remained in Ontario, and 13.3% resided in Alberta. Results are presented for sociodemographics, forensic status, personal and familial history, psychiatric and criminal history, diagnoses, index offence characteristics, treatment, assessment tools, and aggression. The prevalence and many characteristics of forensic psychiatry patients from Nunavut differ from the rest of Canada and have important implications for the delivery of services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Upfold
- Forensic Psychiatry Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton - West 5th Campus, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Chaimowitz
- Forensic Psychiatry Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton - West 5th Campus, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Thorpe J, Ashby S, Hallab A, Ding D, Andraus M, Dugan P, Perucca P, Costello D, French JA, O'Brien TJ, Depondt C, Andrade DM, Sengupta R, Delanty N, Jette N, Newton CR, Brodie MJ, Devinsky O, Helen Cross J, Sander JW, Hanna J, Sen A. Evaluating risk to people with epilepsy during the COVID-19 pandemic: Preliminary findings from the COV-E study. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 115:107658. [PMID: 33341393 PMCID: PMC7698680 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused global anguish unparalleled in recent times. As cases rise, increased pressure on health services, combined with severe disruption to people's everyday lives, can adversely affect individuals living with chronic illnesses, including people with epilepsy. Stressors related to disruption to healthcare, finances, mental well-being, relationships, schooling, physical activity, and increased isolation could increase seizures and impair epilepsy self-management. We aim to understand the impact that COVID-19 has had on the health and well-being of people with epilepsy focusing on exposure to increased risk of seizures, associated comorbidity, and mortality. We designed two online surveys with one addressing people with epilepsy directly and the second for caregivers to report on behalf of a person with epilepsy. The survey is ongoing and has yielded 463 UK-based responses by the end of September 2020. Forty percent of respondents reported health changes during the pandemic (n = 185). Respondents cited a change in seizures (19%, n = 88), mental health difficulties (34%, n = 161), and sleep disruption (26%, n = 121) as the main reasons. Thirteen percent found it difficult to take medication on time. A third had difficulty accessing medical services (n = 154), with 8% having had an appointment canceled (n = 39). Only a small proportion reported having had discussions about epilepsy-related risks, such as safety precautions (16%, n = 74); mental health (29%, n = 134); sleep (30%, n = 140); and Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP; 15%, n = 69) in the previous 12 months. These findings suggest that people with epilepsy are currently experiencing health changes, coupled with inadequate access to services. Also, there seems to be a history of poor risk communication in the months preceding the pandemic. As the UK witnesses a second COVID-19 wave, those involved in healthcare delivery must ensure optimal care is provided for people with chronic conditions, such as epilepsy, to ensure that avoidable morbidity and mortality is prevented during the pandemic, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Thorpe
- Oxford Epilepsy Research Group, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK,SUDEP Action, 18 Newbury Street, Wantage, Oxfordshire OX12 8DA. UK
| | - Samantha Ashby
- SUDEP Action, 18 Newbury Street, Wantage, Oxfordshire OX12 8DA. UK
| | - Asma Hallab
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ding Ding
- Institute of Neurology, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Maria Andraus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology Service, Epilepsy Program, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Dugan
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, USA
| | - Piero Perucca
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia & Departments of Medicine and Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Costello
- Epilepsy Service, Cork University Hospital & College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Terence J. O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia & Departments of Medicine and Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chantal Depondt
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Erasme – Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Danielle M. Andrade
- Adult Epilepsy Genetics Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Norman Delanty
- Beaumont Hospital, and School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nathalie Jette
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Charles R. Newton
- Oxford Epilepsy Research Group, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK,University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Martin J. Brodie
- Epilepsy Unit, West Glasgow Ambulatory Care Hospital-Yorkhill, Glasgow, UK
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, USA
| | - J. Helen Cross
- UCL NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK,Young Epilepsy, St Pier's Lane, Dormansland, Lingfield RH7 6P, UK
| | - Josemir W. Sander
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG & Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter SL9 0RJ, UK,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, Netherlands
| | - Jane Hanna
- SUDEP Action, 18 Newbury Street, Wantage, Oxfordshire OX12 8DA. UK
| | - Arjune Sen
- Oxford Epilepsy Research Group, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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Nash SH, Zimpelman G, Schulz L, Hirschfeld M. Pediatric Cancers among Alaska Native People. J Pediatr 2020; 227:288-294.e1. [PMID: 32679200 PMCID: PMC8108443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the descriptive epidemiology of pediatric cancers among Alaska Native people. STUDY DESIGN We used data from the Alaska Native Tumor Registry, a population-based registry capturing cancer information among Alaska Native people 1969-present. Specifically, we examined all cases of cancer diagnosed among individuals ages 0-19 years. Cases were classified according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancers, 3rd edition (ICCC-3). We estimated incidence and distribution of cases by ICCC-3 cancer site, comparing between the time periods 1969-1996 and 1997-2016. We assessed 12-month and 5-year cause-specific survival, and examined differences over the time period, adjusted for age, sex, and ICCC-3 site. RESULTS Incidence rates of pediatric cancers increased between 1969 and 1996 (n = 134) and 1997 and 2016 (n = 186) among Alaska Native people, from 139.8 in 1 000 000 (95% CI, 116.99-165.7) to 197.54 in 1 000 000 (95% CI, 170.1-228.1). Distribution of ICCC-3 sites differed between time periods (P < .0001). Finally, cancer survival was high; the 12-month survival probability from all ICCC-3 sites combined was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.92) and the 5-year survival probability was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.70-0.81) for 1969-2016. After adjusting for age, sex, and ICCC-3 site, we observed a 57% decrease in the risk of death when comparing Alaska Native pediatric cancer cases diagnosed in 1997-2016 with those diagnosed in 1969-1996. CONCLUSIONS This information will be of value for our understanding of pediatric cancers among Indigenous peoples of the US, and will also be informative for clinicians providing care to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Nash
- Alaska Native Epidemiology Center, Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK.
| | - Garrett Zimpelman
- Alaska Native Epidemiology Center, Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK
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Rasmus SM, Whitesell NR, Mousseau A, Allen J. An Intervention Science to Advance Underrepresented Perspectives and Indigenous Self-Determination in Health. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 21:83-92. [PMID: 31152330 PMCID: PMC6885107 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-019-01025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This concluding article to the Supplemental Issue on Promoting Health Equity through Rigorous, Culturally Informed Intervention Science: Innovations with Indigenous Populations in the United States draws themes and conclusions from the innovative practices implemented by the National Institutes of Health Intervention Research to Improve Native American Health (IRINAH) consortium. The IRINAH work highlights promising practices for advancing the diverse and underrepresented perspectives essential to develop and test culturally appropriate, effective health interventions in American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian settings. Four emergent themes appear through the IRINAH work. First, community-based participatory research (CBPR) has provided projects an intersectional worldview for bridging cultures and informing an ethics of local control. Second, culture is fundamental as a central organizing principle in IRINAH research and intervention implementation. Third, crucial demands for sustainability of interventions in Indigenous intervention science require a rethinking of the intervention development process. Finally, tensions persist in Indigenous health research, even as significant strides are made in the field. These themes collectively inform an ethical and rigorous Indigenous intervention science. Collectively, they suggest a roadmap for advancing Indigenous perspectives and self-determination in health intervention research. IRINAH studies are leading innovation in intervention science by advancing applications of CBPR in intervention science, promoting new directions in small populations health research, and demonstrating value of participatory team science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy M Rasmus
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute for Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 205 Arctic Health Research Building, 2141 Koyukuk Drive, PO Box 757000, Fairbanks, 99775-7000, USA.
| | - Nancy Rumbaugh Whitesell
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, MS F800, 13055 E. 17th Avenue, Room 333, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Alicia Mousseau
- National Native Children's Trauma Center, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - James Allen
- Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health & Memory Keepers Medical Discovery Team - American Indian and Rural Health Equity, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, 624 E. 1st St., Suite 201, Duluth, MN, 55805, USA
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Whitmyre ED, Adams LM, Defayette AB, Williams CA, Esposito-Smythers C. Is the focus of community-based mental health treatment consistent with adolescent psychiatric diagnoses? CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2019; 103:247-254. [PMID: 31303687 PMCID: PMC6625657 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most adolescents do not receive effective mental health services. This may stem in part from infrequent use of evidence-based and multi-informant diagnostic assessments to guide clinical care. The primary purpose of the present study was to examine whether adolescent mental health diagnoses and suicidality, derived via evidence-based diagnostic interviews and assessments, correspond with reported "reason for treatment" received by adolescents. Secondarily, we examined the potential association between socio-economic status and the match between youth diagnoses and reasons for treatment. The influence of parent-adolescent agreement on diagnoses and reasons for treatment on findings was also explored. Using chi-square analyses, a significant association was found between youth diagnoses of mood disorders, disruptive behavior disorders, and suicidality, respectively, and a focus of treatment on these conditions per combined parent-adolescent report. The same was not true for youth anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity, or substance abuse disorders. Results of exploratory analyses suggest that these results are driven by adolescent, but not parent report. With regard to socio-economic status, there was a trend for those with higher incomes to report a treatment focus consistent with youth diagnoses, per combined parent-adolescent report. Results suggest that focus of mental health treatment received by adolescents in standard community-based care may not uniformly address all current disorders. Efforts are needed to disseminate multi-informant evidence-based assessments to enhance the quality and effectiveness of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma D. Whitmyre
- Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
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Egan S, Brama P, McGrath D. Research trends in equine movement analysis, future opportunities and potential barriers in the digital age: A scoping review from 1978 to 2018. Equine Vet J 2019; 51:813-824. [PMID: 30659639 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since Muybridge's 'horse in motion', researchers in the equine movement analysis field continue to improve objective analysis and performance monitoring while ensuring representative data capture. However, subjective evaluation remains the primary method of equine gait analysis in the applied setting, despite evidence highlighting the unreliability of this approach. OBJECTIVES To map research trends, limitations and opportunities across the diverse equine gait analysis literature. STUDY DESIGN Joanna Briggs Institute and Cochrane systematic scoping review. METHODS Search terms were chosen based on the 'PICO' framework and included keywords such as: Equine, Gait, Kinematics and Analysis. Studies were excluded based on predetermined criteria by two independent researchers. Data were extracted from 510 articles from 1978 to 2018. RESULTS Insights derived from movement analysis appear to be driven by tool availability. Observational research (42.9%) was the most popular study design. Use of wearable technology as a primary research tool is established within the field, accounting for 13.5% of studies. Analysis of limitations identified 17.8% of studies citing challenges to the transferability of research results. Restricted sample size appears to be an underlying contributor to many of the limitations identified. In terms of research opportunities, advances in intervention studies were called for (10.4% of studies) in the following three areas; clinical, rehabilitative exercise and performance/training. MAIN LIMITATIONS This review was confined to research in the English language. CONCLUSIONS Standardised research reporting may alleviate sample size issues by facilitating data pooling, database creation and meta-analyses. Large holistic data collections and application frameworks based on wearable technologies are not reflected in the current equine gait analysis literature and thus represent an interesting opportunity for this field. Progress and lessons learned from the human field of movement analysis can be useful in supporting this potential development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Egan
- Institute for Sport and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Brama
- Section Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D McGrath
- Institute for Sport and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are island nations that experience specific social, economic and environmental vulnerabilities associated with small populations, isolation and limited resources. Globally, SIDS exhibit exceptionally high rates of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk and incidence. Despite this, there is a lack of context-specific research within SIDS focused on life course approaches to NCD prevention, particularly the impact of the early-life environment on later disease risk as defined by the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) framework. Given that globalization has contributed to significant nutritional transitions in these populations, the DOHaD paradigm is highly relevant. SIDS in the Pacific region have the highest rates of NCD risk and incidence globally. Transitions from traditional foods grown locally to reliance on importation of Western-style processed foods high in fat and sugar are common. The Cook Islands is one Pacific SIDS that reports this transition, alongside rising overweight/obesity rates, currently 91%/72%, in the adult population. However, research on early-life NCD prevention within this context, as in many low- and middle-income countries, is scarce. Although traditional research emphasizes the need for large sample sizes, this is rarely possible in the smaller SIDS. In these vulnerable, high priority countries, consideration should be given to utilizing 'small' sample sizes that encompass a high proportion of the total population. This may enable contextually relevant research, crucial to inform NCD prevention strategies that can contribute to improving health and well-being for these at-risk communities.
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Miočević M, MacKinnon DP, Levy R. Power in Bayesian Mediation Analysis for Small Sample Research. STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING : A MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL 2017; 24:666-683. [PMID: 29662296 PMCID: PMC5898829 DOI: 10.1080/10705511.2017.1312407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
It was suggested that Bayesian methods have potential for increasing power in mediation analysis (Koopman, Howe, Hollenbeck, & Sin, 2015; Yuan & MacKinnon, 2009). This paper compares the power of Bayesian credibility intervals for the mediated effect to the power of normal theory, distribution of the product, percentile, and bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals at N≤ 200. Bayesian methods with diffuse priors have power comparable to the distribution of the product and bootstrap methods, and Bayesian methods with informative priors had the most power. Varying degrees of precision of prior distributions were also examined. Increased precision led to greater power only when N≥ 100 and the effects were small, N < 60 and the effects were large, and N < 200 and the effects were medium. An empirical example from psychology illustrated a Bayesian analysis of the single mediator model from prior selection to interpreting results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roy Levy
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social & Family Dynamics, Arizona State University
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