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Djalovic I, Grahovac N, Stojanović Z, Đurović A, Živančev D, Jakšić S, Jaćimović S, Tian C, Prasad PVV. Nutritional and Chemical Quality of Maize Hybrids from Different FAO Maturity Groups Developed and Grown in Serbia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:143. [PMID: 38202451 PMCID: PMC10780984 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Maize is a globally significant cereal crop, contributing to the production of essential food products and serving as a pivotal resource for diverse industrial applications. This study investigated the proximate analysis of maize hybrids from different FAO maturity groups in Serbia, exploring variations in polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, tocopherols, and fatty acids with the aim of understanding how agroecological conditions influence the nutritional potential of maize hybrids. The results indicate substantial variations in nutritional composition and antioxidant properties among different maturity groups. The levels of total polyphenols varied among FAO groups, indicating that specific hybrids may offer greater health benefits. Flavonoids and carotenoids also showed considerable variation, with implications for nutritional quality. Tocopherol content varied significantly, emphasizing the diversity in antioxidant capacity. Fatty acid analysis revealed high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid, indicating favorable nutritional and industrial properties. The study highlights the importance of considering maturity groups in assessing the nutritional potential of maize hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Djalovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.D.); (D.Ž.); (S.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Nada Grahovac
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.D.); (D.Ž.); (S.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Zorica Stojanović
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.S.); (A.Đ.)
| | - Ana Đurović
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.S.); (A.Đ.)
| | - Dragan Živančev
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.D.); (D.Ž.); (S.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Snežana Jakšić
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.D.); (D.Ž.); (S.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Simona Jaćimović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.D.); (D.Ž.); (S.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Caihuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - P. V. Vara Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
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2
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Pazzini IAE, Melo AMD, Ribani RH. Bioactive potential, health benefits and application trends of Syzygium malaccense (Malay apple): A bibliometric review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Effect of gum Arabic concentrations on foam properties, drying kinetics and physicochemical properties of foam mat drying of cantaloupe. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Carotenoid Accumulation and the Expression of Carotenoid Metabolic Genes in Mango during Fruit Development and Ripening. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are considered to be important components in mango fruits. However, there is a lack of understanding about the regulation of carotenoids in mango. To gain an insight into the carotenoid metabolism pathway, carotenoid content and the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes were investigated in the peel and pulp of mango during fruit development and ripening in three cultivars, ‘Kaituk’, ‘Nam Dok Mai No.4′, and ‘Nam Dok Mai Sithong’, which are different in color. The highest carotenoid content was observed in ‘Kaituk’, followed by ‘Nam Dok Mai No.4′ and ‘Nam Dok Mai Sithong’, with the major carotenoid being β-carotene. The gene expression analysis found that carotenoid metabolism in mango fruit was primarily regulated at the transcriptional level. The changing patterns of carotenoid biosynthetic gene expression (MiPSY, MiPDS, MiZDS, MiCRTISO, MiLCYb, MiLCYe, MiHYb, and MiZEP) were similar to carotenoid accumulation, and ‘Kaituk’ exhibited a higher expression level than the other two cultivars. In addition, the differential regulation of carotenoid catabolic genes was found to be a mechanism responsible for variability in carotenoid content among the three mango cultivars. The expression of carotenoid catabolic genes (MiCCD1, MiNCED2, and MiNCED3) more rapidly decreased in ‘Kaituk’, resulting in a larger amount of carotenoids in ‘Kaituk’ than the other two cultivars.
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Dias MG, Borge GIA, Kljak K, Mandić AI, Mapelli-Brahm P, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Pintea AM, Ravasco F, Tumbas Šaponjac V, Sereikaitė J, Vargas-Murga L, Vulić JJ, Meléndez-Martínez AJ. European Database of Carotenoid Levels in Foods. Factors Affecting Carotenoid Content. Foods 2021; 10:foods10050912. [PMID: 33919309 PMCID: PMC8143354 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies indicate that diets including carotenoid-rich foods have positive effects on human health. Some of these compounds are precursors of the essential nutrient vitamin A. The present work is aimed at implementing a database of carotenoid contents of foods available in the European market. Factors affecting carotenoid content were also discussed. Analytical data available in peer-reviewed scientific literature from 1990 to 2018 and obtained by HPLC/UHPLC were considered. The database includes foods classified according to the FoodEx2 system and will benefit compilers, nutritionists and other professionals in areas related to food and human health. The results show the importance of food characterization to ensure its intercomparability, as large variations in carotenoid levels are observed between species and among varieties/cultivars/landraces. This highlights the significance of integrating nutritional criteria into agricultural choices and of promoting biodiversity. The uncertainty quantification associated with the measurements of the carotenoid content was very rarely evaluated in the literature consulted. According to the EuroFIR data quality evaluation system for food composition tables, the total data quality index mean was 24 in 35, reflecting efforts by researchers in the analytical methods, and less resources in the sampling plan documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Graça Dias
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.G.D.); (F.R.)
| | - Grethe Iren A. Borge
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, NO 1433 Ås, Norway;
| | - Kristina Kljak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Anamarija I. Mandić
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Paula Mapelli-Brahm
- Food Colour & Quality Laboratory, Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain;
| | | | - Adela M. Pintea
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Francisco Ravasco
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.G.D.); (F.R.)
| | - Vesna Tumbas Šaponjac
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.T.Š.); (J.J.V.)
| | - Jolanta Sereikaitė
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | | | - Jelena J. Vulić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.T.Š.); (J.J.V.)
| | - Antonio J. Meléndez-Martínez
- Food Colour & Quality Laboratory, Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Tan SL, Sulaiman R, Rukayadi Y, Ramli NS. Physical, chemical, microbiological properties and shelf life kinetic of spray-dried cantaloupe juice powder during storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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7
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Shuen GW, Yi LY, Ying TS, Von GCY, Yusof YAB, Phing PL. Effects of drying methods on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of Kuini powder. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.08620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Kuini powders were obtained through spray-drying, freeze-drying, vacuum oven drying and convection oven drying. Colour, water activity (Aw), moisture content, hygroscopicity, wettability, flowability, degree of caking, water solubility index (WSI), total colour change, total phenolic content and total carotenoid content of Kuini powders were determined and compared. Convection oven drying resulted in the highest yield (46.97%), moisture content (4.91%), Aw (0.55) and WSI (74.33%) among all the drying methods. However, convection oven-dried Kuini powder had the lowest hygroscopicity and wettability, which were 18.66% and 12.04 s, respectively. Spray drying resulted in poor hygroscopicity (22.41%), degree of caking (22.16%), wettability (275s), WSI (45.67%) and higher colour change (59.81). Least total colour change (19.05) and higher yellowness (57.31) were observed in freeze-drying. In addition, freeze-dried Kuini powder had the highest total phenolic content (24.76 mg/100 g) and total carotenoid content (1.61 mg/100 g). Drying temperature had a negative and significant correlation with the retention of color pigments and antioxidant content. The physicochemical properties and antioxidant content of freeze-dried Kuini powder were preferred over spray-dried, vacuum oven-dried and convection oven-dried powders. Hence, freeze-drying offers potential application in the food products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lew Yan Yi
- University Kuala Lumpur Campus, Malaysia
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Arslan T, Durmaz G. β‐Carotene Stability and Some Physicochemical Properties of Apricot Juice Powders Obtained by Using Maltodextrins with Different Dextrose Equivalents. STARCH-STARKE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201900318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Arslan
- Department of Food Processing Darende Vocational School Turgut Özal University Malatya 44210 Turkey
| | - Gökhan Durmaz
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty İnönü University Malatya 44280 Turkey
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9
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Guevara M, Tejera E, Granda-Albuja MG, Iturralde G, Chisaguano-Tonato M, Granda-Albuja S, Jaramillo-Vivanco T, Giampieri F, Battino M, Alvarez-Suarez JM. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the Main Fruits Consumed in the Western Coastal Region of Ecuador as a Source of Health-Promoting Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090387. [PMID: 31509991 PMCID: PMC6770235 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied 19 different tropical fruits traditionally consumed in the coastal lowlands of Ecuador to determine their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. Carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) had the highest total phenolic, flavonoid, and total antioxidant capacity values, whereas guava fruits (Psidium guajava L.) had the highest vitamin C values. The main organic acids identified were lactic, citric, and acetic acids, and the highest amount of lactic acid was found in soursop fruits (Annona muricata L.), whereas Ecuadorian ivory palm (Phytelephas aequatorialis Spruce) and guava fruits had the highest acetic acid content. Guava also had the highest citric acid content; the highest concentration of oxalic acid was found in carambola. In terms of sugar content, giant granadilla (Passiflora quadrangularis L.) had the highest values of glucose, and red mombin (Spondias mombin L.) had the largest values for fructose and guava for sucrose. Chili pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq) proved to be the main source of carotenoids, lutein, and β-carotene, anthocyanins, and vitamin C. The results here increase our knowledge regarding the composition of the main fruits consumed on the west coast of Ecuador to facilitate recommendations as potential sources of health-promoting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Guevara
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada a Biomedicina, Universidad de Las Américas, Av. de los Granados E12-41y Colimes esq., EC170125 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Tejera
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Grupo de Bio-Químioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas, Av. de los Granados E12-41y Colimes esq., EC170125 Quito, Ecuador
| | - María G Granda-Albuja
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Grupo de Bio-Químioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas, Av. de los Granados E12-41y Colimes esq., EC170125 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gabriel Iturralde
- Laboratorios de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Av. de los Granados E12-41y Colimes esq., EC170125 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Maribel Chisaguano-Tonato
- Nutrición, Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Campus Cumbayá, Diego de Robles s/n, 170901 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Silvana Granda-Albuja
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas, Túnel Principal Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, 171103 Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | | | - Francesca Giampieri
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo-Vigo Campus, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Pietro Ranieri, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo-Vigo Campus, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Pietro Ranieri, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - José M Alvarez-Suarez
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada a Biomedicina, Universidad de Las Américas, Av. de los Granados E12-41y Colimes esq., EC170125 Quito, Ecuador.
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10
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Berni P, Campoli SS, Negri TC, de Toledo NMV, Canniatti-Brazaca SG. Non-conventional Tropical Fruits: Characterization, Antioxidant Potential and Carotenoid Bioaccessibility. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:141-148. [PMID: 30644024 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eleven non-conventional tropical fruits were evaluated regarding their nutritional value, antioxidant potential, carotenoid contents and bioaccessibility. The fruits were chosen due to their spread through the Brazilian territory: araçá-boi, jaracatiá, cambuití, seriguela, capeba, pitangatuba, pitanga, buriti, acerola, dovialis and abricó-da-praia. Results have shown that these fruits are in general, i.e. depending on the fruit, rich sources of dietary fibers and minerals, high in moisture, and low in proteins. Twelve carotenoids were analyzed by HPLC-DAD and results ranged from 0.04 to 104 μg/g wet weight. Xanthophylls stood out, being higher than carotenes for araçá-boi, seriguela, pitangatuba and dovialis. Bioaccessibility varied both between fruits and carotenoids ranging from 2 to 75%. Although the fruit matrix effect, xanthophylls were more bioaccessible than carotenes, while lycopene and γ-carotene presented the poorest bioaccessibility. The present study is fundamental to expand the knowledge about the fruit properties, carotenoids bioaccessibility and potential benefits for health, as well to preserve natural resources and encourage the intake of new fruits for human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Berni
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-900, Brazil.
| | - Stephanie S Campoli
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-900, Brazil
| | - Talita C Negri
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-900, Brazil
| | - Nataly M V de Toledo
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-900, Brazil
| | - Solange G Canniatti-Brazaca
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-900, Brazil
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11
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Chua LK, Lim CL, Ling APK, Chye SM, Koh RY. Anticancer Potential of Syzygium Species: a Review. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:18-27. [PMID: 30535971 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a preventable and treatable disease, however, the incidence rates are on the rise. Classical treatment modalities for cancer include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, these are associated with detrimental side effects such as nausea and emesis. Therefore, researchers currently vest interest in complementary and alternative medicines for cancer treatment and prevention. Plants such as Syzygium sp. are a common basis of complementary medicines due to its abundance of bioactive phytochemicals. Numerous natural compounds derived from Syzygium sp., such as phenolics, oleanolic acids, and betulinic acids, and dimethyl cardamonins, were reported to have anticancer effects. Many possess the ability to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the vast potential Syzygium sp. harbours as a source of anticancer natural compounds due to its abundance, easy acceptability, affordability and safety for regular consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Kee Chua
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chooi Ling Lim
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Pick Kiong Ling
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Lasano NF, Hamid AH, Karim R, Dek MSP, Shukri R, Shazini Ramli N. Nutritional Composition, Anti-Diabetic Properties and Identification of Active Compounds Using UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS in Mangifera odorata L. Peel and Seed Kernel. Molecules 2019; 24:E320. [PMID: 30654598 PMCID: PMC6359265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangifera odorata fruit, the hybrid forms between M. indica (mango) and M. foetida (bacang), has been shown to exhibit potential antioxidant activity, and the fruit waste could demonstrate functional and nutritional potential. In the present study, the nutritional composition (proximate, sugars, vitamins and minerals analyses), the anti-diabetic activities and phytochemical profile of M. odorata peel and seed kernel were investigated for the first time. The results indicated that seed kernel rich in fat, protein, carbohydrate, and ash while peel contained significantly greater amount of fiber, minerals, β-Carotene and ascorbic acid compared to seed kernel. The samples were then extracted using different solvents (acetone, ethanol, methanol at 60%, v/v and pure deionized water) and their anti-diabetic activities (α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assay) were determined. Seed kernel had the lowest IC50 values for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assay in 60% ethanol and 60% acetone, respectively. Due to the toxic effect and high volatility of acetone, the ethanolic extracts of samples were further analyses for their phytochemical profile using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS). The most abundant compounds identified were phenolic acid, ellagic acid, and flavonoid. These findings suggest that M. odorata fruit wastes, especially the seed kernel possesses promising ability to be used as functional ingredient in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fatimah Lasano
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Azizah Haji Hamid
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Roselina Karim
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Sabri Pak Dek
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Radhiah Shukri
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul Shazini Ramli
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Thavamoney N, Sivanadian L, Tee LH, Khoo HE, Prasad KN, Kong KW. Extraction and recovery of phytochemical components and antioxidative properties in fruit parts of Dacryodes rostrata influenced by different solvents. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:2523-2532. [PMID: 30042568 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the recovery of phytochemical antioxidants in Dacryodes rostrata fruit using different extraction solvents. The effects of solvent of varying polarities with sequential extraction method on the recovery of phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids and anthocyanins from different parts of the fruit (seed, pulp and peel) were determined. Their antioxidant activities were further determined using DPPH radical, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging and phosphomolybdenum method. Dacryodes Rostrata seed had the highest total phenolic content with 50% ethanol as the most efficient extraction solvent. The highest total flavonoid content was obtained in ethyl acetate extract of fruit pulp, whereas peel extracted with hexane and 50% ethanol was the highest in total carotenoid content and total anthocyanin content, respectively. The seed extracted with 50% ethanol exhibited the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity. Iron chelating activity measured by FRAP assay was the best in seed extracts, particularly in those polar extracts derived from water and 50% ethanol. Antioxidant activities of 50% ethanol extract of D. rostrata seed was the highest when determined by FRAP and phosphomolydenum assays. However, the influence of extraction solvents is not distinctly shown by hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities. This is the first report on the effect of various extraction solvents on the recovery of phytochemicals in D. rostrata fruit parts and the seed of D. rostrata is a potential source of polar antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Thavamoney
- 1Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Leykkha Sivanadian
- 1Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Lee Hong Tee
- 1Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Hock Eng Khoo
- 2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Krishnamurthy Nagendra Prasad
- 1Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Kin Weng Kong
- 3Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,4Center for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Batista ÂG, da Silva JK, Betim Cazarin CB, Biasoto ACT, Sawaya ACHF, Prado MA, Maróstica Júnior MR. Red-jambo (Syzygium malaccense): Bioactive compounds in fruits and leaves. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Kumari A, Parida AK, Rangani J, Panda A. Antioxidant Activities, Metabolic Profiling, Proximate Analysis, Mineral Nutrient Composition of Salvadora persica Fruit Unravel a Potential Functional Food and a Natural Source of Pharmaceuticals. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:61. [PMID: 28261096 PMCID: PMC5306401 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvadora persica is a medicinally important plant mainly used in oral hygiene. However, little attention has been given towards the nutritional prominence of this plant. This study encloses the proximate and mineral nutrient contents, amino acid composition, metabolite profiling and antioxidant potential of S. persica fruit. The ripen fruit contained substantial amount of sugars, mineral nutrients, carotenoids, polyphenols and flavonoids. The metabolic profiling of the fruit extract by GC-MS revealed a total of 22 metabolites comprising of sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids, organic base, and aromatic silica compound. The identified metabolites have been previously reported to have potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-hyperglycemic, and antitumor properties. The GC-MS analysis indicated high glucose and glucopyranose (247.62 and 42.90 mg g-1 FW respectively) contents in fruit of S. persica. The fruit extract demonstrated a significantly higher antioxidant and ROS scavenging properties along with high contents of mineral nutrients and essential amino acids. HPLC analysis revealed presence of essential and non-essential amino acid required for healthy body metabolism. The cysteine was found to be in highest amount (733.69 mg 100 g-1 DW) among all amino acids quantified. Specifically, compared to similar medicinal plants, previously reported as a source of non-conventional food and with some of the commercially important fruits, S. persica fruit appears to be a potential source of essential mineral nutrients, amino acids, vitamins (ascorbic acid and carotenoid) and pharmaceutically important metabolites contributing towards fulfilling the recommended daily requirement of these for a healthy human being. This is the first report establishing importance of S. persica fruit as nutraceuticals. The data presented here proposed that fruit of S. persica may be used as functional food or reinvigorating ingredient for processed food to reduce deficiency of nutrients among the vulnerable population group. The phytochemicals identified from S. persica fruit may be used as natural source for pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Kumari
- Division of Plant Omics, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
| | - Asish K. Parida
- Division of Plant Omics, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
| | - Jaykumar Rangani
- Division of Plant Omics, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
| | - Ashok Panda
- Division of Plant Omics, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
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Septembre-Malaterre A, Stanislas G, Douraguia E, Gonthier MP. Evaluation of nutritional and antioxidant properties of the tropical fruits banana, litchi, mango, papaya, passion fruit and pineapple cultivated in Réunion French Island. Food Chem 2016; 212:225-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Phytochemicals and Medicinal Properties of Indigenous Tropical Fruits with Potential for Commercial Development. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7591951. [PMID: 27340420 PMCID: PMC4906201 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7591951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hundreds of fruit-bearing trees are native to Southeast Asia, but many of them are considered as indigenous or underutilized. These species can be categorized as indigenous tropical fruits with potential for commercial development and those possible for commercial development. Many of these fruits are considered as underutilized unless the commercialization is being realized despite the fact that they have the developmental potential. This review discusses seven indigenous tropical fruits from 15 species that have been identified, in which their fruits are having potential for commercial development. As they are not as popular as the commercially available fruits, limited information is found. This paper is the first initiative to provide information on the phytochemicals and potential medicinal uses of these fruits. Phytochemicals detected in these fruits are mainly the phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and other terpenoids. Most of these phytochemicals are potent antioxidants and have corresponded to the free radical scavenging activities and other biological activities of the fruits. The scientific research that covered a broad range of in vitro to in vivo studies on the medicinal potentials of these fruits is also discussed in detail. The current review is an update for researchers to have a better understanding of the species, which simultaneously can provide awareness to enhance their commercial value and promote their utilization for better biodiversity conservation.
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Influence of Extraction Solvents on Cosmos caudatus Leaf Antioxidant Properties. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-016-0007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of various morphological parts of underutilised Baccaurea angulata fruit. Food Chem 2015; 172:778-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Wisutiamonkul A, Promdang S, Ketsa S, van Doorn WG. Carotenoids in durian fruit pulp during growth and postharvest ripening. Food Chem 2015; 180:301-305. [PMID: 25766832 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Durian (Durio zibethinus) cvs. Chanee and Monthong fruit were severed from the tree during 14 day intervals, from 10 weeks after anthesis until commercial maturity. We determined the pulp (i.e. aril; fruit flesh) carotenoid composition, together with pulp firmness, color and total soluble solids (TSS) and postharvest quality. In ripe cv. Chanee fruit the main carotenoids were β-carotene (about 80%), and α-carotene (20%), with minor levels of lutein and zeaxanthin. In ripe fruit total carotenoid concentration (expressed per gram FW) was about 9-fold higher in cv. Chanee than in cv. Monthong. Large differences between the cultivars were also found in β-carotene levels (about 11 times more in cv. Chanee), and even larger ones in those of α-carotene. Differences in lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations were small. Pulp color was deeper yellow in cv. Chanee than in cv. Monthong, which was correlated with α-carotene and β-carotene concentrations. Durian contains a high fat percentage, which is conducive to carotenoid uptake. It is concluded that it is advisable to consume cv. Chanee rather than cv. Monthong if intake of carotenoids is considered important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apinya Wisutiamonkul
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Somnuk Promdang
- Central Laboratory and Greenhouse Complex, Faculty of Agriculture Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Saichol Ketsa
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Academy of Science, The Royal Institute, Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand.
| | - Wouter G van Doorn
- Mann Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616, CA, USA
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Amirul Alam M, Juraimi A, Rafii M, Hamid A, Aslani F, Alam M. Effects of salinity and salinity-induced augmented bioactive compounds in purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) for possible economical use. Food Chem 2015; 169:439-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Alam MA, Juraimi AS, Rafii MY, Abdul Hamid A, Aslani F, Hasan MM, Mohd Zainudin MA, Uddin MK. Evaluation of antioxidant compounds, antioxidant activities, and mineral composition of 13 collected purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:296063. [PMID: 24579078 PMCID: PMC3918865 DOI: 10.1155/2014/296063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The methanolic extracts of 13 accessions of purslane were analyzed for their total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and total carotenoid contents (TCC) and antioxidant activity of extracts was screened using FRAP assay and DPPH radical scavenging methods. The TPC, TFC, and TCC ranged from 0.96 ± 0.04 to 9.12 ± 0.29 mg GAE/g DW, 0.13 ± 0.04 to 1.44 ± 0.08 mg RE/g DW, and 0.52 ± 0.06 to 5.64 ± 0.09 mg (β-carotene equivalent) BCE/g DW, respectively. The DPPH scavenging (IC50) activity varied between 2.52 ± 0.03 mg/mL and 3.29 ± 0.01 mg/mL and FRAP ranged from 7.39 ± 0.08 to 104.2 ± 6.34 μmol TE/g DW. Among all the measured micro- and macrominerals K content was the highest followed by N, Na, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn, and Mn. The overall findings proved that ornamental purslane was richer in antioxidant properties, whereas common purslane possesses more mineral contents than ornamental ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Amirul Alam
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Shukor Juraimi
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. Y. Rafii
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Abdul Hamid
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farzad Aslani
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. M. Hasan
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Asraf Mohd Zainudin
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md. Kamal Uddin
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ying SW, Khoo HE, Kong KW, Ismail A. Carotenoids and Their Geometry Isomers in Selected Tropical Fruits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2011.567431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sze Wen Ying
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hock Eng Khoo
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kin Weng Kong
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amin Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Analysis and Authentication, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kong KW, Mat-Junit S, Aminudin N, Ismail A, Abdul-Aziz A. Antioxidant activities and polyphenolics from the shoots of Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Spreng in a polar to apolar medium system. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Khoo HE, Azlan A, Ismail A, Abas F. Antioxidative properties of defatted dabai pulp and peel prepared by solid phase extraction. Molecules 2012; 17:9754-73. [PMID: 22893021 PMCID: PMC6268427 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid phase extraction (SPE) using Sep-Pak® cartridges is one of the techniques used for fractionation of antioxidant compounds in waste of dabai oil extraction (defatted dabai parts). The aim of this study was to determine the phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in crude extracts and several SPE fractions from methanolic extract of defatted dabai pulp and peel. Based on SPE, Sep-Pak® cyanopropyl and C₁₈ cartridges were used to fractionate the antioxidant-rich crude extracts into water and methanolic fractions. Analyzed using LC-MS, flavonoids, anthocyanins, saponin derivatives and other unknown antioxidative compounds were detected in the defatted dabai crude extracts and their SPE fractions. Anthocyanins were the major phenolic compounds identified in the defatted dabai peel and detected in most of the SPE fractions. Methanolic fractions of defatted dabai parts embraced higher total phenolics and antioxidant capacity than water fractions. This finding also revealed the crude extracts of defatted dabai peel have the most significant antioxidant properties compared to the methanolic and water fractions studied. The crude extract of defatted dabai parts remain as the most potent antioxidant as it contains mixture of flavonoids, anthocyanins and other potential antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hock Eng Khoo
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (H.E.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Azrina Azlan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (H.E.K.); (A.I.)
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +603-8947-2466; Fax: +603-8942-6769
| | - Amin Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (H.E.K.); (A.I.)
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Gorinstein S, Poovarodom S, Leontowicz H, Leontowicz M, Namiesnik J, Vearasilp S, Haruenkit R, Ruamsuke P, Katrich E, Tashma Z. Antioxidant properties and bioactive constituents of some rare exotic Thai fruits and comparison with conventional fruits. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Khoo HE, Prasad KN, Kong KW, Jiang Y, Ismail A. Carotenoids and their isomers: color pigments in fruits and vegetables. Molecules 2011; 16:1710-38. [PMID: 21336241 PMCID: PMC6259627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16021710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are colorful pigment-containing food sources. Owing to their nutritional benefits and phytochemicals, they are considered as 'functional food ingredients'. Carotenoids are some of the most vital colored phytochemicals, occurring as all-trans and cis-isomers, and accounting for the brilliant colors of a variety of fruits and vegetables. Carotenoids extensively studied in this regard include β-carotene, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin. Coloration of fruits and vegetables depends on their growth maturity, concentration of carotenoid isomers, and food processing methods. This article focuses more on several carotenoids and their isomers present in different fruits and vegetables along with their concentrations. Carotenoids and their geometric isomers also play an important role in protecting cells from oxidation and cellular damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hock-Eng Khoo
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: (H.-E.K); (K.N.P); (K.-W.K)
| | - K. Nagendra Prasad
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: (H.-E.K); (K.N.P); (K.-W.K)
| | - Kin-Weng Kong
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: (H.-E.K); (K.N.P); (K.-W.K)
| | - Yueming Jiang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; E-Mail: (Y.J.)
| | - Amin Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: (H.-E.K); (K.N.P); (K.-W.K)
- Laboratory of Analysis and Authentication, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Prasad KN, Chew LY, Khoo H, Yang B, Azlan A, Ismail A. Carotenoids and antioxidant capacities from Canarium odontophyllum Miq. fruit. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
This study provides new data on the various carotenoids found in bambangan (Mangifera pajang Kosterm.) peel and pulp extracts, such as all-trans-α- and β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, 9-cis-β-carotene, and cryptoxanthin. Chemical and biological antioxidant assays were determined to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of bambangan peel and pulp extracts. Bambangan pulp had higher α- and β-carotene contents (7.96 ± 1.53 and 20.04 ± 1.01 mg/100 g) than its peel (4.2 ± 0.14 and 13.09 ± 0.28 mg/100 g); the cryptoxanthin contents of bambangan peel and pulp were 0.60 and 1.18 mg/100 g, respectively. The antioxidant activity results determined by chemical assay using the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method showed that bambangan peel extract had higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than its pulp. In the biological assays bambangan peel and pulp had protective effects against hemoglobin and LDL oxidation at an extract concentration of 1 ppm. Bambangan peel is a therefore a potential source of natural antioxidants and could be utilized as a functional ingredient.
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Tlili N, Khaldi A, Triki S, Munné-Bosch S. Phenolic compounds and vitamin antioxidants of caper (Capparis spinosa). PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 65:260-5. [PMID: 20668946 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-010-0180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Capparis spinosa shows strong resistance to the adverse Mediterranean conditions and it has nutritional and medicinal value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contents of total phenolic compounds, rutin, tocopherols, carotenoids and vitamin C in leaves and flower buds of C. spinosa from different locations in Tunisia. Results showed the richness of caper with these compounds, especially phenolic compounds. Interestingly, it was also found the presence of both α- and γ-tocopherol in buds. Moreover, C. spinosa contained an appreciable level of vitamin C. The significant amounts of these antioxidants confirm the nutritional and medicinal value of caper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar Tlili
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia.
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Gorinstein S, Haruenkit R, Poovarodom S, Vearasilp S, Ruamsuke P, Namiesnik J, Leontowicz M, Leontowicz H, Suhaj M, Sheng GP. Some analytical assays for the determination of bioactivity of exotic fruits. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2010; 21:355-362. [PMID: 20183860 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The consumption of new exotic fruits, with their high nutritional and sensory value, has significantly increased in the past few years. Among the tropical fruits durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) is less known than mango (Mangifera indica L.) and avocado (Persea americana). It has been shown that durian, mango and avocado possessed high nutritional and bioactive properties, but these data were determined using different methods. In order to obtain reliable results we investigated samples of durian, mango and avocado of the same stage of ripeness and unified methods were used for determination of the antioxidant potential. As far as we know, no results of such comparative investigation of three tropical fruits (durian, mango and avocado) and the use of such tests for phytochemical control have been published. OBJECTIVE Lyophilised durian, mango and avocado samples harvested in 2008 in Thailand and Israel were investigated. METHODOLOGY The contents of crude protein, fat, carbohydrate, dietary fibre, total polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and flavanols were determined by elemental analysis and UV spectroscopy. The presence of polyphenols (flavonoids and phenolic acids) in the investigated samples was studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorometry. Four complementary radical scavenging assays were used for antioxidant determination: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diamonium salt (ABTS(*+)), 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method (DPPH) and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC). Chemometrical processing was used for statistical comparison of the fruits. RESULTS All spectrometric measurements were highly correlated. The contents of total fibre, proteins and fats were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in avocado, and carbohydrates were significantly lower in avocado (p > 0.05) than in the two other fruits. The wavelength numbers of FTIR spectra for three investigated fruits were in the same range (1700-600 cm(-1)) as for catechin and gallic acid, used as standards. One main peak could be easily observed at the approximate location of ex/em 275/305 nm and the other one at ex/em 350/430 nm in the methanol polyphenol extracts of investigated fruits in three-dimensional fluorescence, in contour and cross fluorescence maps. Similarity was found between durian, mango and avocado in polyphenols (9.88 +/- 1.0, 12.06 +/- 1.3 and 10.69 +/- 1.1, mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight, d.w.), and in antioxidant assays such as CUPRAC (27.46 +/- 2.7, 40.45 +/- 4.1 and 36.29 +/- 3.7, microM Trolox equivalent (TE)/g d.w.) and FRAP (23.22 +/- 2.0, 34.62 +/- 3.4 and 18.47 +/- 1.9, microM TE/g d.w.), respectively. The multisample median test between all possible pairs of groups is a Tukey-HSD type comparison and denotes the different groups in a case when a pair-wise test is significant and its q statistical value is greater than the table q parameter. The multisample median test of FRAP values were chosen from the compared fruits triplets as similar or homogenous subsets durian and avocado. CONCLUSION Nutritional and bioactive values of durian are comparable with these indices in mango and avocado. These fruits contain high, comparable quantities of basic nutritional and antioxidant compounds, and possess high antioxidant potentials. All fruits show a high level of correlation between the contents of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant potential. The methods used (three-dimensional fluorescence, FTIR spectroscopy, radical scavenging assays) are suitable for bioactivity determination of these fruits. In order to receive best results, a combination of these fruits has to be included in the diet. The methods used are applicable for bioactivity determination in phytochemical analysis in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shela Gorinstein
- The Drug Research Institute of the School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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Kongkachuichai R, Charoensiri R, Sungpuag P. Carotenoid, flavonoid profiles and dietary fiber contents of fruits commonly consumed in Thailand. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2010; 61:536-48. [DOI: 10.3109/09637481003677308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Poovarodom S, Haruenkit R, Vearasilp S, Namiesnik J, Cvikrová M, Martincová O, Ezra A, Suhaj M, Ruamsuke P, Gorinstein S. Comparative characterisation of durian, mango and avocado. Int J Food Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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