1
|
Gupta A, Agarwal V. Inflammation as a shared mechanism of chronic stress related disorders with potential novel therapeutic targets. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:8383-8394. [PMID: 38850304 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Stress is a subjective experience that varies across individuals depending on their sensitivity, resilience, and length of exposure to stressors. Stress may be categorised as acute (positive stress) or chronic (negative stress). Acute stress is advantageous for the human body, but chronic stress results in changes in cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, autonomic, and immunological functions, eventually causing different illnesses. The specific process relating stress to chronic stress associated diseases is still a topic of continuing debate. Inflammation has been recognised as a new and fascinating physiological mechanism that connects chronic stress and its associated illnesses. This article explored the relationships between chronic stress, inflammation, and chronic illnesses, including depression, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. This article also emphasises on various possible therapeutic targets for the management of chronic stress related illnesses by targeting inflammation, namely lipoxins and alpha7 nicotinic receptors. These therapeutic targets may be useful in developing new and safe therapies for the management of chronic stress related dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anugya Gupta
- Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, 462044, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vipul Agarwal
- Ankerite College of Pharmacy, Sausheer Khera, Parvar Purab, Mohanlalganj, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nagori K, Pradhan M, Nakhate KT. Ethyl gallate ameliorates diabetes-induced Alzheimer's disease-like phenotype in rats via activation of α7 nicotinic receptors and mitigation of oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 737:150925. [PMID: 39492127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive decline, an important comorbidity of type 2 diabetes (T2D), is attributed to oxidative stress and impaired cholinergic signaling in the brain. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is densely distributed in the hippocampus and cortex, and exerts neuroprotective and procognitive actions. Ethyl gallate (EG), a natural phenolic antioxidant compound, showed high in-silico binding affinity towards α7nAChR and brain penetrability. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the involvement of α7nAChR in the potential of EG to ameliorate T2D-induced Alzheimer's disease-like condition. T2D was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) in rats on high-fat diet. Diabetic animals were treated with EG (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) for four weeks, and their learning and memory performance was evaluated by the Morris water maze (MWM). Further, the brains were subjected to biochemical analysis of antioxidants like glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), and oxidative stress marker malonaldehyde (MDA). While diabetic rats showed a significant decline in cognitive performance in the MWM, a substantial improvement was noticed following EG treatment. Further, the diabetes-associated reductions in GSH, SOD, and CAT levels, along with increased MDA contents in the brain, were effectively restored by EG. Interestingly, pre-treatment with α7nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated the effects of EG on behavioral and biochemical parameters. The results suggest that EG may augment cholinergic signaling in the brain via α7nAChR to mitigate oxidative stress, consequently alleviating T2D-associated dementia. Therefore, EG could be a potential candidate for addressing cognitive impairment comorbid with T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kushagra Nagori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, 490024, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Madhulika Pradhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gracious College of Pharmacy, Abhanpur, 493661, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Kartik T Nakhate
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, 424001, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
AlSharari SD, Alameen AA, Aldafiri FS, Ali YS, Alshammari MA, Sari Y, Damaj MI. Activation of α7 nicotinic receptors attenuated hyperalgesia and anxiety induced by palatable obesogenic diet withdrawal. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 156:86-101. [PMID: 39179339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumption of palatable food (PF) can alleviate anxiety, and pain in humans. Contrary, spontaneous withdrawal of long-term PF intake produces anxiogenic-like behavior and abnormal pain sensation, causing challenges to weight-loss diet and anti-obesity agents. Thus, we examined α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR) involvement since it plays essential role in nociception and psychological behaviors. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6 mice were placed on a Standard Chow (SC) alone or with PF on intermittent or continuous regimen for 6 weeks. Then, mice were replaced with normal SC (spontaneous withdrawal). Body weight, food intake, and calories intake with and without the obesogenic diet were measured throughout the study. During PF withdrawal, anxiety-like behaviors and pain sensitivity were measured with PNU-282987 (α7nAChR agonist) administration. RESULTS Six weeks of SC + PF-intermittent and continuous paradigms produced a significant weight gain. PF withdrawal displayed hyperalgesia and anxiety-like behaviors. During withdrawal, PNU-282987 significantly attenuated hyperalgesia and anxiety-like behaviors. CONCLUSION The present study shows that a PF can increase food intake and body weight. Also, enhanced pain sensitivity and anxiety-like behavior were observed during PF withdrawal. α7nAChR activation attenuated anxiolytic-like behavior and hyperalgesia in PF abstinent mice. These data suggest potential therapeutic effects of targeting α7 nAChRs for obesity-withdrawal symptoms in obese subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakir D AlSharari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alaa A Alameen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fawzeyah S Aldafiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousif S Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad A Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - M I Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guan Z. Alterations in Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Various Cognitive Impairments. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e70069. [PMID: 39370620 PMCID: PMC11456617 DOI: 10.1111/cns.70069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a typical symptom of both neurodegenerative and certain other diseases. In connection with these different pathologies, the etiology and neurological and metabolic changes associated with cognitive impairment must differ. Until these characteristics and differences are understood in greater detail, pharmacological treatment of the different forms of cognitive impairment remains suboptimal. Neurotransmitter receptors, including neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), dopamine receptors, and glutamine receptors, play key roles in the functions and metabolisms of the brain. Among these, the role of nAChRs in the development of cognitive impairment has attracted more and more attention. The present review summarizes what is presently known concerning the structure, distribution, metabolism, and function of nAChRs, as well as their involvement in major cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, vascular dementia, schizophrenia, and diabetes mellitus. As will be discussed, the relevant scientific literature reveals clearly that the α4β2 and α7 nAChR subtypes and/or subunits of the receptors play major roles in maintaining cognitive function and in neuroprotection of the brain. Accordingly, focusing on these as targets of drug therapy can be expected to lead to breakthroughs in the treatment of cognitive disorders such as AD and schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Zhong Guan
- Department of PathologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangP.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesGuizhou Medical University, Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyGuiyangP.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang X, Wang H, Cai X, Zhang A, Liu E, Li Z, Jiang T, Li D, Ding W. α7nAChR Activation Combined with Endothelial Progenitor Cell Transplantation Attenuates Lung Injury in Diabetic Rats with Sepsis through the NF-κB Pathway. Inflammation 2024; 47:1344-1355. [PMID: 38302679 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-01980-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Chronic diabetes mellitus compromises the vascular system, which causes organ injury, including in the lung. Due to the strong compensatory ability of the lung, patients always exhibit subclinical symptoms. Once sepsis occurs, the degree of lung injury is more severe under hyperglycemic conditions. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) plays an important role in regulating inflammation and metabolism and can improve endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) functions. In the present study, lung injury caused by sepsis was compared between diabetic rats and normal rats. We also examined whether α7nAChR activation combined with EPC transplantation could ameliorate lung injury in diabetic sepsis rats. A type 2 diabetic model was induced in rats via a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Then, a rat model of septic lung injury was established by intraperitoneal injection combined with endotracheal instillation of LPS. The oxygenation indices, wet-to-dry ratios, and histopathological scores of the lungs were tested after PNU282987 treatment and EPC transplantation. IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels were measured. Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, and phosphorylated NF-κB (p-NF-κB) levels were determined by blotting. Sepsis causes obvious lung injury, which is exacerbated by diabetic conditions. α7nAChR activation and endothelial progenitor cell transplantation reduced lung injury in diabetic sepsis rats, alleviating inflammation and decreasing apoptosis. This treatment was more effective when PNU282987 and endothelial progenitor cells were administered together. p-NF-κB levels decreased following treatment with PNU282987 and EPCs. In conclusion, α7nAChR activation combined with EPC transplantation can alleviate lung injury in diabetic sepsis rats through the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haixu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuemin Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Aijia Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Enran Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wengang Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu L, Li J, Zou J, Tang D, Chen R. Vagus nerve modulates acute-on-chronic liver failure progression via CXCL9. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01123. [PMID: 38945689 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic inflammatory cell accumulation and the subsequent systematic inflammation drive acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) development. Previous studies showed that the vagus nerve exerts anti-inflammatory activity in many inflammatory diseases. Here, we aimed to identify the key molecule mediating the inflammatory process in ACLF and reveal the neuroimmune communication arising from the vagus nerve and immunological disorders of ACLF. METHODS Proteomic analysis was performed and validated in ACLF model mice or patients, and intervention animal experiments were conducted using neutralizing antibodies. PNU-282987 (acetylcholine receptor agonist) and vagotomy were applied for perturbing vagus nerve activity. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), flow cytometry, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining, and CRISPR/Cas9 technology were used for in vivo or in vitro mechanistic studies. RESULTS The unbiased proteomics identified C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) as the greatest differential protein in the livers of mice with ACLF and its relation to the systematic inflammation and mortality were confirmed in patients with ACLF. Interventions on CXCL9 and its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) improved liver injury and decreased mortality of ACLF mice, which were related to the suppressing of hepatic immune cells' accumulation and activation. Vagus nerve stimulation attenuated while vagotomy aggravated the expression of CXCL9 and the severity of ACLF. Blocking CXCL9 and CXCR3 ameliorated liver inflammation and increased ACLF-associated mortality in ACLF mice with vagotomy. scRNA-seq revealed that hepatic macrophages served as the major source of CXCL9 in ACLF and were validated by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis. Notably, the expression of CXCL9 in macrophages was modulated by vagus nerve-mediated cholinergic signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our novel findings highlighted that the neuroimmune communication of the vagus nerve-macrophage-CXCL9 axis contributed to ACLF development. These results provided evidence for neuromodulation as a promising approach for preventing and treating ACLF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jie Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ju Zou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lopes PKF, Costa SDO, Simino LADP, Chaves WF, Silva FA, Costa CL, Milanski M, Ignacio-Souza LM, Torsoni AS, Torsoni MA. Hypothalamic inflammation and the development of an obese phenotype induced by high-fat diet consumption is exacerbated in alpha7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor knockout mice. Food Res Int 2024; 176:113808. [PMID: 38163714 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hypothalamic inflammation and metabolic changes resulting from the consumption of high-fat diets have been linked to low grade inflammation and obesity. Inflammation impairs the hypothalamic expression of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). The α7nAChR is described as the main component of the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway in different inflammation models. To assess whether the reduction in α7nAChR expression exacerbates hypothalamic inflammation induced by a high-fat diet (HFD), were used male and female global α7nAChR knockout mouse line in normal or high-fat diet for 4 weeks. Body weight gain, adiposity, glucose homeostasis, hypothalamic inflammation, food intake, and energy expenditure were evaluated. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated in neuronal cell culture. Consumption of an HFD for 4 weeks resulted in body weight gain and adiposity in male Chrna7-/- mice and the hypothalamus of male Chrna7-/- mice showed neuroinflammatory markers, with increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and dysregulation in the nuclear factor kappa B pathway. Moreover, male Chrna7-/- mice consuming an HFD showed alterations in glucose homeostasis and serum of Chrna7-/- mice that consumed an HFD impaired insulin signalling in neuronal cell culture experiments. In general, female Chrna7-/- mice that consumed an HFD did not show the phenotypic and molecular changes found in male mice, indicating that there is sexual dimorphism in the analysed parameters. Thus, receptor deletion resulted in increased susceptibility to hypothalamic inflammation and metabolic damage associated with HFD consumption in male mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suleyma de Oliveira Costa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Laís A de Paula Simino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Wenicios Ferreira Chaves
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Franciely Alves Silva
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Caroline Lobo Costa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Marciane Milanski
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Leticia Martins Ignacio-Souza
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Adriana Souza Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Marcio Alberto Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tao L, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Liu X, Ding C, Yu J, Wang Y, Zhuang Y, Guo L, Zhang Y, He X, Feng X, Zhang Q, Kang W, Sun L, Wang Y, Li L. Epstein-Barr virus downregulates the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of CD8 + T lymphocytes might associate with coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease patients. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105168. [PMID: 37295770 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis that is caused by immunological dysregulation in children exposed to pathogens like Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Myocardial ischemia or infarction due to coronary artery lesions (CALs) might be lethal. However, it is unclear how pathogens, immunomodulation, and CALs interact, particularly in KD patients co-infected with the most widespread virus, EBV. METHODS We investigated pathogen carriage and fundamental clinical data in 281 KD patients. Immunological differences between CALs and non-CALs in KD patients under different conditions were analyzed. Then, the effect of infection by different pathogens on the immune response was excluded, and most EBV co-infected KD patients were included to assess the incidence of CALs, the level of immune modulation, and regulatory mechanisms in different EBV infection states. RESULTS Our results showed multiple pathogenic infections occur in KD patients, with EBV being the most prevalent. The incidence of CALs in the EBV-DNA (+) acute infection group, EBV-DNA (-) acute infection group, and EBV latent infection group was 0 (0/6), 27.27% (3/11) and 41.67% (10/24), respectively. The two groups were younger and had increased IL-6 levels and B cells, decreasing CD8+ T cells than the EBV-DNA (+) acute infection group. Interestingly, the increased B cells were not associated with immunoglobulin release. Additionally, these patients down-regulated α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) and downstream molecule PI3K/AKT/mTOR while activating the NF-κB. CONCLUSION Patients with different EBV infection statuses exhibit different incidences of CALs. In acute EBV-DNA (-) infected and latent EBV-infected patients, the number of CD8+ T cells decreased and downregulated CD8+ T cells' α7nAChR and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, which may associate with CALs, while the expression of NF-κB and the pro-inflammatory factor IL-6 was upregulated by inhibiting the anti-inflammatory molecule α7nAChR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lvyan Tao
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Tiesong Zhang
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuantao Zhou
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Chaohong Ding
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Department of 2nd Infections, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xingxing Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Weiyi Kang
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Sun
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Li
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen Z, Liu XA, Kenny PJ. Central and peripheral actions of nicotine that influence blood glucose homeostasis and the development of diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106860. [PMID: 37482325 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has long been recognized as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), although the precise causal mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests that nicotine, the primary reinforcing component in tobacco, may play a pivotal role in connecting cigarette smoking and T2D. Extensive research conducted in both humans and animals has demonstrated that nicotine can elevate blood glucose levels, disrupt glucose homeostasis, and induce insulin resistance. The review aims to elucidate the genetic variants of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors associated with diabetes risk and provide a comprehensive overview of the available data on the mechanisms through which nicotine influences blood glucose homeostasis and the development of diabetes. Here we emphasize the central and peripheral actions of nicotine on the release of glucoregulatory hormones, as well as its effects on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Notably, the central actions of nicotine within the brain, which encompass both insulin-dependent and independent mechanisms, are highlighted as potential targets for intervention strategies in diabetes management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuxin Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin-An Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Paul J Kenny
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cuciureanu M, Caratașu CC, Gabrielian L, Frăsinariu OE, Checheriță LE, Trandafir LM, Stanciu GD, Szilagyi A, Pogonea I, Bordeianu G, Soroceanu RP, Andrițoiu CV, Anghel MM, Munteanu D, Cernescu IT, Tamba BI. 360-Degree Perspectives on Obesity. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1119. [PMID: 37374323 PMCID: PMC10304508 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Alarming statistics show that the number of people affected by excessive weight has surpassed 2 billion, representing approximately 30% of the world's population. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of one of the most serious public health problems, considering that obesity requires an integrative approach that takes into account its complex etiology, including genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Only an understanding of the connections between the many contributors to obesity and the synergy between treatment interventions can ensure satisfactory outcomes in reducing obesity. Mechanisms such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of obesity and its associated complications. Compounding factors such as the deleterious effects of stress, the novel challenge posed by the obesogenic digital (food) environment, and the stigma associated with obesity should not be overlooked. Preclinical research in animal models has been instrumental in elucidating these mechanisms, and translation into clinical practice has provided promising therapeutic options, including epigenetic approaches, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. However, more studies are necessary to discover new compounds that target key metabolic pathways, innovative ways to deliver the drugs, the optimal combinations of lifestyle interventions with allopathic treatments, and, last but not least, emerging biological markers for effective monitoring. With each passing day, the obesity crisis tightens its grip, threatening not only individual lives but also burdening healthcare systems and societies at large. It is high time we took action as we confront the urgent imperative to address this escalating global health challenge head-on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cuciureanu
- Department of Pharmacology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.C.); (C.-C.C.); (I.T.C.); (B.I.T.)
| | - Cătălin-Cezar Caratașu
- Department of Pharmacology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.C.); (C.-C.C.); (I.T.C.); (B.I.T.)
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.D.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Levon Gabrielian
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Otilia Elena Frăsinariu
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Laura Elisabeta Checheriță
- 2nd Dental Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Mihaela Trandafir
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Gabriela Dumitrița Stanciu
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.D.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrei Szilagyi
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.D.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Ina Pogonea
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Nicolae Testemiţanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova; (I.P.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Gabriela Bordeianu
- Department of Biochemistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Radu Petru Soroceanu
- Department of Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Călin Vasile Andrițoiu
- Specialization of Nutrition and Dietetics, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Maria Mihalache Anghel
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Nicolae Testemiţanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova; (I.P.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Diana Munteanu
- Institute of Mother and Child, “Nicolae Testemiţanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2062 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Irina Teodora Cernescu
- Department of Pharmacology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.C.); (C.-C.C.); (I.T.C.); (B.I.T.)
| | - Bogdan Ionel Tamba
- Department of Pharmacology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.C.); (C.-C.C.); (I.T.C.); (B.I.T.)
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.D.S.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nadwa EH, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Elekhnawy E, Albogami SM, Alorabi M, Batiha GES, De Waard M. Cholinergic dysfunction in COVID-19: frantic search and hoping for the best. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:453-468. [PMID: 36460816 PMCID: PMC9735034 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a potential cause of acute respiratory infection called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The binding of SARS-CoV-2 with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) induces a series of inflammatory cellular events with cytopathic effects leading to cell injury and hyperinflammation. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to dysautonomia and sympathetic storm due to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Therefore, this review aimed to elucidate the critical role of the cholinergic system (CS) in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The CS forms a multi-faceted network performing diverse functions in the body due to its distribution in the neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Acetylcholine (ACh) acts on two main types of receptors which are nicotinic receptors (NRs) and muscarinic receptors (MRs). NRs induce T cell anergy with impairment of antigen-mediated signal transduction. Nicotine through activation of T cell NRs inhibits the expression and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. NRs play important anti-inflammatory effects while MRs promote inflammation by inducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect the morphological and functional stability of CS through the disruption of cholinergic receptors. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is similar to neurotoxins, which can bind to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in the ANS and brain. Therefore, cholinergic receptors mainly nAChR and related cholinergic agonists may affect the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cholinergic dysfunction in COVID-19 is due to dysregulation of nAChR by SARS-CoV-2 promoting the central sympathetic drive with the development of the sympathetic storm. As well, nAChR activators through interaction with diverse signaling pathways can reduce the risk of inflammatory disorders in COVID-19. In addition, nAChR activators may mitigate endothelial dysfunction (ED), oxidative stress (OS), and associated coagulopathy in COVID-19. Similarly, nAChR activators may improve OS, inflammatory changes, and cytokine storm in COVID-19. Therefore, nAChR activators like varenicline in virtue of its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects with direct anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect could be effective in the management of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Hassan Nadwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakakah, 72345 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132 Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132 Iraq
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Sarah M. Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alorabi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 Al Beheira Egypt
| | - Michel De Waard
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 Rue Des Platanes, 38120 Saint-Egrève, France
- L’Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, 44007 Nantes, France
- LabEx “Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics”, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ta N, A. L, E. E, Qi R, Mu X, Feng L, Ba G, Li Y, Zhang J, Bai L, Fu M. Metabolomics analysis reveals amelioration effects of yellowhorn tea extract on hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress in high-fat diet-fed mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1087256. [PMID: 36742424 PMCID: PMC9894254 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1087256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellowhorn tea (YT) is traditionally used as a lipid-lowering beverage in Mongolian minorities. However, the pharmacological effects of YT extract and its specific metabolic changes in hyperlipidemia models are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers using untargeted metabolomics techniques and to investigate the mechanisms underlying the changes in metabolic pathways associated with lipid lowering, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant in hyperlipidemic mice. A high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic mouse model was established. YT extract was administered as oral gavage at 0.15, 0.3, and 0.6 g/kg doses for 10 weeks. HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and the therapeutic effect of YT extract were evaluated based on histopathology and by assessing blood lipid levels. Liver inflammatory factors and oxidative stress indices were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Liver metabolites were evaluated using untargeted metabolomics. Biochemical and histological examinations showed that YT extract significantly reduced body-weight gain (p < 0.01) and fat deposition in tissues. YT extract significantly reduced the levels of serum and liver triglyceride and total cholesterol; inflammatory factors [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α]; malondialdehyde; and leptin (p < 0.05) in hyperlipidemic mice. YT extract also significantly increased the levels of oxidative stress indicators (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and adiponectin. Metabolomics studies revealed several endogenous molecules were altered by the high-fat diet and recovery following intervention with YT extract. The metabolites that were significantly different in the liver after YT intake included citicoline, acetylcholine, pyridoxine, and NAD. Pathway analysis indicated that YT extract ameliorated HFD-induced hyperlipidemia in mice via three major metabolic pathways, namely, glycerophospholipid metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. This study demonstrates YT extract has profound effects on the alleviation of HFD-induced hyperlipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ta
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Lisha A.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Erdunduleng E.
- Department of Mongolian Medicine Preparation, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Rigeer Qi
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Xiyele Mu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Lan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Genna Ba
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Laxinamujila Bai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China,*Correspondence: Laxinamujila Bai,
| | - Minghai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China,Minghai Fu,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Meng Q, Tian X, Li J, Pruekprasert N, Dhawan R, Holz GG, Cooney RN. GTS-21, a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in Lepr db/db mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22360. [PMID: 36572735 PMCID: PMC9792461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complicating factor in human type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and it commonly results in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that requires kidney dialysis. Here, we report that the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonist GTS-21 exerts a novel anti-inflammatory action to ameliorate DN, as studied using an inbred strain of Leprdb/db mice in which hyperglycemia and obesity co-exist owing to defective leptin receptor (Lepr) signaling. For this analysis, GTS-21 was administered to 10-12 week-old male and female mice as a 4 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection, twice-a-day, for 8 weeks. Kidney function and injury owing to DN were monitored by determination of plasma levels of BUN, creatinine, KIM-1 and NGAL. Histologic analysis of glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial matrix expansion were also used to assess DN in these mice. Concurrently, renal inflammation was assessed by measuring IL-6 and HMGB1, while also quantifying renal cell apoptosis, and apoptotic signaling pathways. We found that Leprdb/db mice exhibited increased markers of BUN, creatinine, NGAL, KIM-1, IL-6, cytochrome C, and HMGB-1. These abnormalities were also accompanied by histologic kidney injury (mesangial matrix expansion and apoptosis). Remarkably, all such pathologies were significantly reduced by GTS-21. Collectively, our results provide new evidence that the α7nAChR agonist GTS-21 has the ability to attenuate diabetes-induced kidney injury. Additional studies are warranted to further investigate the involvement of the vagal cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex pathway (CAP) in ameliorating diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Meng
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Xinghan Tian
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, No 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Napat Pruekprasert
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Ravi Dhawan
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - George G Holz
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Robert N Cooney
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pu W, Su Z, Wazir J, Zhao C, Wei L, Wang R, Chen Q, Zheng S, Zhang S, Wang H. Protective effect of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation on experimental colitis and its mechanism. Mol Med 2022; 28:104. [PMID: 36058917 PMCID: PMC9441089 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common chronic remitting disease with no satisfactory treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), and to determine the underlying mechanism of its activity. Methods The expression and distribution of α7nAChR in the intestinal tissue of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease were analyzed. The effects of vagal excitation on murine experimental colitis were investigated. The colitis model was induced in C57BL/6 mice by the administration of 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The therapeutic group received treatment with the α7nAChR agonist PNU-282987 by intraperitoneal injection. Results Our results showed that there was significantly increased expression of α7nAChR in colitis and Crohn’s disease intestinal tissue, and its expression was mainly located in macrophages and neutrophils, which were extensively infiltrated in the disease status. Treatment with an α7nAChR agonist potently ameliorated the DSS-induced illness state, including weight loss, stool consistency, bleeding, colon shortening, and colon histological injury. α7nAChR agonist exerted anti-inflammatory effects in DSS colitis mice by suppressing the secretion of multiple types of proinflammatory factors, such as IL6, TNFα, and IL1β, and it also inhibited the colonic infiltration of inflammatory cells by blocking the DSS-induced overactivation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Mechanistically, activation of α7nAChR decreased the number of infiltrated M1 macrophages in the colitis intestine and inhibited the phagocytosis ability of macrophages, which were activated in response to LPS stimulation. Conclusion Thus, an α7nAChR agonist ameliorated colonic pathology and inflammation in DSS-induced colitis mice by blocking the activation of inflammatory M1 macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhenzi Su
- The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Junaid Wazir
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lulu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Qiyi Chen
- Department of Colorectal Disease, Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Saifang Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shaoyi Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Disease, Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Torkildsen GL, Pattar GR, Jerkins G, Striffler K, Nau J. Efficacy and Safety of Single-Dose OC-02 (Simpinicline Solution) Nasal Spray on Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease: The PEARL Phase II Randomized Trial. Clin Ther 2022; 44:1178-1186. [PMID: 35965109 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dry eye disease is a multifactorial disorder that affects the ocular surface, with symptoms including ocular irritation, impaired vision, and pain. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists are novel treatments for dry eye disease; this study investigates the nAChR agonist OC-02 (simpinicline solution) as an aqueous nasal spray. METHODS PEARL (Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of OC-02 Nasal Spray on Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease) was a Phase II study that evaluated the efficacy and safety of OC-02 (simpinicline solution) nasal spray (OC-02 SNS) in adult patients with dry eye disease. Patients ≥22 years of age were eligible if they had an Ocular Surface Disease Index score ≥23, corneal fluorescein staining score ≥2 in >1 region or ≥4 for all regions, or Schirmer test score (STS) ≤10 mm; there were no restrictions on eye dryness score (EDS). Patients (N = 165) were randomly assigned 1:1:1:1 to vehicle (control; n = 42) or OC-02 SNS (0.11 mg, 0.55 mg, or 1.1 mg; n = 41 per group) and received a single dose of study drug (100 µL using a nasal spray atomizer) at visit 1 and visit 2 (15-19 days after visit 1). Primary efficacy outcomes were change in the STS from baseline to immediately after treatment administration (visit 1) and change in the EDS from before to 5 minutes after treatment during controlled adverse environment exposure (visit 2). FINDINGS Baseline demographic and ocular clinical characteristics were similar across all groups. Single-dose OC-02 SNS improved the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease. For the STS, statistically significant and dose-dependent improvements were found from before to after treatment with OC-02 SNS versus vehicle (least-squares mean change from baseline: vehicle, 3.0 mm; 0.11 mg OC-02 SNS, 9.0 mm; 0.55 mg, 17.5 mm; and 1.1 mg, 19.6 mm). For EDS, statistically significant and dose-dependent improvements were found from before to 5 minutes after treatment with higher doses of OC-02 SNS versus vehicle (least-squares mean change from baseline: vehicle, -6.5; 0.11 mg OC-02 SNS, -9.4; 0.55 mg, -17.4; and 1.1 mg, -20.7). OC-02 SNS was well tolerated: only 2 ocular adverse events were reported (eye pruritis and keratitis), and the most common nonocular events were cough and throat irritation. IMPLICATIONS Single-dose OC-02 SNS over a range of doses immediately and significantly increased tear production and improved eye dryness. Together with previous studies of OC-01 (varenicline solution) nasal spray, our findings suggest that agonist stimulation of nAChRs in the nasal cavity is a valid and effective mechanism to elicit natural tear production in patients with dry eye disease. CLINICALTRIALS gov identifier: NCT03452397.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gary Jerkins
- Nashville Vision Associates, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Jeffrey Nau
- Oyster Point Pharma Inc, Princeton, New Jersey.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Special Issue: Cholinergic Control of Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147758. [PMID: 35887105 PMCID: PMC9319851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation caused by infection, tissue trauma, and disease states such as arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease is perceived by the Central nervous System (CNS) through different routes that, by means of neural reflex circuits, regulate the immune system response [...]
Collapse
|
17
|
Meng Q, Chepurny OG, Leech CA, Pruekprasert N, Molnar ME, Collier JJ, Cooney RN, Holz GG. The alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist GTS-21 engages the glucagon-like peptide-1 incretin hormone axis to lower levels of blood glucose in db/db mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:1255-1266. [PMID: 35293666 PMCID: PMC9177741 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To establish if alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonist GTS-21 exerts a blood glucose-lowering action in db/db mice, and to test if this action requires coordinate α7nAChR and GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) stimulation by GTS-21 and endogenous GLP-1, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood glucose levels were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) using db/db mice administered intraperitoneal GTS-21. Plasma GLP-1, peptide tyrosine tyrosine 1-36 (PYY1-36), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon, and insulin levels were measured by ELISA. A GLP-1R-mediated action of GTS-21 that is secondary to α7nAChR stimulation was evaluated using α7nAChR and GLP-1R knockout (KO) mice, or by co-administration of GTS-21 with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, or the GLP-1R antagonist, exendin (9-39). Insulin sensitivity was assessed in an insulin tolerance test. RESULTS Single or multiple dose GTS-21 (0.5-8.0 mg/kg) acted in a dose-dependent manner to lower levels of blood glucose in the OGTT using 10-14 week-old male and female db/db mice. This action of GTS-21 was reproduced by the α7nAChR agonist, PNU-282987, was enhanced by sitagliptin, was counteracted by exendin (9-39), and was absent in α7nAChR and GLP-1R KO mice. Plasma GLP-1, PYY1-36, GIP, glucagon, and insulin levels increased in response to GTS-21, but insulin sensitivity, body weight, and food intake were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS α7nAChR agonists improve oral glucose tolerance in db/db mice. This action is contingent to coordinate α7nAChR and GLP-1R stimulation. Thus α7nAChR agonists administered in combination with sitagliptin might serve as a new treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Meng
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Oleg G. Chepurny
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Colin A. Leech
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Napat Pruekprasert
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Megan E. Molnar
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - J. Jason Collier
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Robert N. Cooney
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
- Co-corresponding Authors: Robert N. Cooney, M.D., Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA, Tel. +1 315-464-5549, Fax +1 315-464-6250, , George G. Holz, Ph.D., Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, IHP4310, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA, Tel. +1 315-464-9841,
| | - George G. Holz
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
- Co-corresponding Authors: Robert N. Cooney, M.D., Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA, Tel. +1 315-464-5549, Fax +1 315-464-6250, , George G. Holz, Ph.D., Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, IHP4310, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA, Tel. +1 315-464-9841,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wen J, Zhao C, Chen J, Song S, Lin Z, Xie S, Qi H, Wang J, Su X. Activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor promotes HIV-1 transcription. CELL INSIGHT 2022; 1:100028. [PMID: 37193048 PMCID: PMC10120325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2022.100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR), a hub of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), is required for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. HIV-1 infection can upregulate the expression of α7 nAChR in T lymphocytes and affect the role of CAP. However, whether α7 nAChR regulates HIV-1 infection in CD4+ T cells is unclear. In this study, we first found that activation of α7 nAChR by GTS-21 (an α7 nAChR agonist) can promote the transcription of HIV-1 proviral DNA. Then, through transcriptome sequencing analysis, we found that p38 MAPK signaling was enriched in GTS-21 treated HIV-latent T cells. Mechanistically, activation of α7 nAChR could increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduce DUSP1 and DUSP6, and consequently enhance the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. By co-immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we found that p-p38 MAPK interacted with Lamin B1 (LMNB1). Activation of α7 nAChR increased the binding between p-p38 MAPK and LMNB1. We confirmed that knockdown of MAPK14 significantly downregulated NFATC4, a key activator of HIV-1 transcription. Taken together, activation of the α7 nAChR could trigger ROS/p-p38 MAPK/LMNB1/NFATC4 signaling pathway enhancing HIV-1 transcription. We have revealed an unrecognized mechanism of α7 nAChR-mediated neuroimmune regulation of HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Caiqi Zhao
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuting Song
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhekai Lin
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shitao Xie
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huaxin Qi
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510670, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Marine Origin Ligands of Nicotinic Receptors: Low Molecular Compounds, Peptides and Proteins for Fundamental Research and Practical Applications. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020189. [PMID: 35204690 PMCID: PMC8961598 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our review is to briefly show what different compounds of marine origin, from low molecular weight ones to peptides and proteins, offer for understanding the structure and mechanism of action of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and for finding novel drugs to combat the diseases where nAChRs may be involved. The importance of the mentioned classes of ligands has changed with time; a protein from the marine snake venom was the first excellent tool to characterize the muscle-type nAChRs from the electric ray, while at present, muscle and α7 receptors are labeled with the radioactive or fluorescent derivatives prepared from α-bungarotoxin isolated from the many-banded krait. The most sophisticated instruments to distinguish muscle from neuronal nAChRs, and especially distinct subtypes within the latter, are α-conotoxins. Such information is crucial for fundamental studies on the nAChR revealing the properties of their orthosteric and allosteric binding sites and mechanisms of the channel opening and closure. Similar data are provided by low-molecular weight compounds of marine origin, but here the main purpose is drug design. In our review we tried to show what has been obtained in the last decade when the listed classes of compounds were used in the nAChR research, applying computer modeling, synthetic analogues and receptor mutants, X-ray and electron-microscopy analyses of complexes with the nAChRs, and their models which are acetylcholine-binding proteins and heterologously-expressed ligand-binding domains.
Collapse
|
20
|
Pruekprasert N, Meng Q, Gu R, Xie H, Liu Y, Liu C, Cooney RN. α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists Regulate Inflammation and Growth Hormone Resistance in Sepsis. Shock 2021; 56:1057-1065. [PMID: 33882516 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT During sepsis the normal induction of circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) by growth hormone (GH) action on liver is attenuated, a phenomenon called hepatic GH resistance. Hepatic GH resistance can be caused by cytokine-mediated activation of the NF-κB pathway which interferes with normal GH-signaling. The afferent and efferent fibers of the vagus nerve are integral to the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) which attenuates hepatic TNFα production by activating the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). We examined the effects of selective afferent vagotomy (SAV) and α7nAChR activation on sepsis-induced mortality, hepatic and systemic inflammation, the GH/IGF system and hepatic GH resistance using Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice, and α7nAChR knockout (KO) mice. Capsaicin was used to perform SAV and GTS-21 (α7nAChR agonist) was used to activate the α7nAChR. Sepsis-induced mortality, hepatic NF-κB activation, and plasma cytokine levels were increased in SAV rats and reduced in GTS-21-treated mice. The effects of sepsis on the GH/IGF-I system plasma IGF-I, IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), hepatic IGF-I, IGFBP-1, and GH receptor (GHR) mRNA and rhGH-responsiveness in mice were improved by GTS-21. Collectively these results confirm the protective effects of the anti-inflammatory CAP and α7nAChR activation in sepsis. They also provide evidence the CAP and α7nAChR activation could be used to attenuate hepatic GH resistance and anabolic failure in sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Napat Pruekprasert
- Departments of Surgery, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
He X, Wang L, Liu L, Gao J, Long B, Chi F, Hu T, Wan Y, Gong Z, Li L, Zhen P, Zhang T, Cao H, Huang SH. Endogenous α7 nAChR Agonist SLURP1 Facilitates Escherichia coli K1 Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier. Front Immunol 2021; 12:745854. [PMID: 34721415 PMCID: PMC8552013 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.745854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) is critical for the pathogenesis of Escherichia coli (E. coli) K1 meningitis, a severe central nervous system infection of the neonates. However, little is known about how E. coli K1 manipulates α7 nAChR signaling. Here, through employing immortalized cell lines, animal models, and human transcriptional analysis, we showed that E. coli K1 infection triggers releasing of secreted Ly6/Plaur domain containing 1 (SLURP1), an endogenous α7 nAChR ligand. Exogenous supplement of SLURP1, combined with SLURP1 knockdown or overexpression cell lines, showed that SLURP1 is required for E. coli K1 invasion and neutrophils migrating across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, we found that SLURP1 is required for E. coli K1-induced α7 nAChR activation. Finally, the promoting effects of SLURP1 on the pathogenesis of E. coli K1 meningitis was significantly abolished in the α7 nAChR knockout mice. These results reveal that E. coli K1 exploits SLURP1 to activate α7 nAChR and facilitate its pathogenesis, and blocking SLURP1-α7 nAChR interaction might represent a novel therapeutic strategy for E. coli K1 meningitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong He
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Beiguo Long
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Chi
- Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tongtong Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelong Gong
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Peilin Zhen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Tiesong Zhang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-He Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vagus nerve stimulation activates two distinct neuroimmune circuits converging in the spleen to protect mice from kidney injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021758118. [PMID: 33737395 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021758118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is highly prevalent and associated with high morbidity and mortality, and there are no approved drugs for its prevention and treatment. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) alleviates inflammatory diseases including kidney disease; however, neural circuits involved in VNS-induced tissue protection remain poorly understood. The vagus nerve, a heterogeneous group of neural fibers, innervates numerous organs. VNS broadly stimulates these fibers without specificity. We used optogenetics to selectively stimulate vagus efferent or afferent fibers. Anterograde efferent fiber stimulation or anterograde (centripetal) sensory afferent fiber stimulation both conferred kidney protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury. We identified the C1 neurons-sympathetic nervous system-splenic nerve-spleen-kidney axis as the downstream pathway of vagus afferent fiber stimulation. Our study provides a map of the neural circuits important for kidney protection induced by VNS, which is critical for the safe and effective clinical application of VNS for protection from acute kidney injury.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wedn AM, El-Bassossy HM, Eid AH, El-Mas MM. Modulation of preeclampsia by the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: Therapeutic perspectives. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114703. [PMID: 34324867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) is vital for the orchestration of the immune and inflammatory responses under normal and challenged conditions. Over the past two decades, peripheral and central circuits of CAP have been shown to be critically involved in dampening the inflammatory reaction in a wide array of inflammatory disorders. Additionally, emerging evidence supports a key role for CAP in the regulation of the female reproductive system during gestation as well as in the advent of serious pregnancy-related inflammatory insults such as preeclampsia (PE). Within this framework, the modulatory action of CAP encompasses the perinatal maternal and fetal adverse consequences that surface due to antenatal PE programming. Albeit, a considerable gap still exists in our knowledge of the precise cellular and molecular underpinnings of PE/CAP interaction, which hampered global efforts in safeguarding effective preventive or therapeutic measures against PE complications. Here, we summarize reports in the literature regarding the roles of peripheral and reflex cholinergic neuroinflammatory pathways of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in reprogramming PE complications in mothers and their progenies. The possible contributions of α7-nAChRs, cholinesterases, immune cells, adhesion molecules, angiogenesis, and endothelial dysfunction to the interaction have also been reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla M Wedn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Martins CC, Bagatini MD, Simões JLB, Cardoso AM, Baldissarelli J, Dalenogare DP, Dos Santos DL, Schetinger MRC, Morsch VM. Increased oxidative stress and inflammatory markers contrasting with the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in patients with metabolic syndrome. Clin Biochem 2020; 89:63-69. [PMID: 33333061 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a disorder that is closely associated with risk factors that increase the chance of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. We demonstrate the presence of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with MetS through levels of antioxidants and oxidative and inflammatory markers, in order to determine influential variables in therapy. METHODS In this study, lipid peroxidation, carbonylated protein content and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were evaluated in samples obtained from 30 patients with MetS and 30 control patients. In addition, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, C-reactive protein (CRP) and uric acid (UA) levels were determined to investigate the inflammatory process in patients with MetS. RESULTS Our results demonstrated an increase in the levels of oxidative markers, such as substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and carbonyl protein. In addition, a decrease in the defense of non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as levels of vitamin C and glutathione (GSH) in patients with MetS. As for inflammatory markers, CRP and UA were increased in patients with MetS. Finally, activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway was observed due to decreased AchE activity in patients with MetS. CONCLUSION The analyzes indicated oxidative stress, together with a reduction in the levels of antioxidant enzymes, corroborating the high consumption of these proteins. In addition, inflammation and activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway was observed by the AChE analysis. Thus, the activation of this pathway can be studied as a possible route to a potential therapy. In addition, the markers AChE, CRP and UA may be used as a focus for the treatment of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Curry Martins
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Margarete Dulce Bagatini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | | | - Andreia Machado Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Jucimara Baldissarelli
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Diéssica Padilha Dalenogare
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Lopes Dos Santos
- Physical Activity Group, Physical Education Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Morsch
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|