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Puckett JA, Domínguez S, Matsuno E. Measures of Resilience: Do They Reflect the Experiences of Transgender Individuals? Transgend Health 2024; 9:1-13. [PMID: 38312450 PMCID: PMC10835151 DOI: 10.1089/trgh.2022.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience is often viewed as the ability to bounce back from challenges. This conceptualization tends to be individualistic and can be less fitting for marginalized communities. Research with transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals has shown that resilience can manifest in various ways, such as developing pride in one's identity, connection to a TGD community, or advocating against oppression. Given these conflicting views, we sought to (1) describe common themes in TGD people's experience of resilience by pooling information from qualitative research; and (2) evaluate how well quantitative measures of resilience reflected the ways that TGD people define resilience in qualitative research. We reviewed articles published from January 2010 to January 2020. Our search for research on resilience in TGD samples revealed 33 quantitative articles and 17 qualitative articles. We developed a codebook from the qualitative articles by retrieving information about themes from these past studies (e.g., developing motivation and agency, pride or positive self-image). We also reviewed the quantitative studies and retrieved the measures used to assess resilience, followed by coding these scales to understand whether the themes from the qualitative data were reflected in the quantitative measures of resilience. Overall, themes related to social support were common across the measures. However, other themes were not reflected in any measures, such as self-definition of gender, hope, and self-advocacy. Our research demonstrates the discrepancy between qualitative research on TGD resilience and quantitative measurement of resilience. Measure development that more fully reflects TGD people's experiences is key to advancing this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae A Puckett
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Sergio Domínguez
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Em Matsuno
- Department of Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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2
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Wang JC, McFarland W, Arayasirikul S, Wilson EC. The association between religiosity and resilience among young trans women. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0263492. [PMID: 37523378 PMCID: PMC10389706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young transgender women (trans women) experience poor health in part due to discrimination. Factors that promote resilience may help young trans women positively adapt to discrimination, resulting in attenuation of poor health outcomes. While religion is sometimes a source of stigma and transphobia, qualitative studies have identified religiosity as an important resilience resource for young trans women. The goals of this study were to quantitatively measure religiosity and resilience among young trans women and to assess whether they are associated. METHODS From 2012-2013, 300 young trans women between the ages of 16-24 years were enrolled in a longitudinal study; we examined the cross-sectional baseline data on demographics, religiosity, and resilience. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis examined the correlation between demographics (age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, income) and religiosity among young trans women. Additionally, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis examined the association between religiosity and resilience among young trans women, controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, and income. RESULTS Participants who reported high religiosity had significantly greater odds (aOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.05-3.01, p = .03) of reporting high resilience compared to those reporting low religiosity. Black/African American participants had significantly higher odds (aOR 6.16, 95% CI 2.34-16.20, p = < .001) of reporting high religiosity compared to those who identified as White. CONCLUSION Religiosity may be an important resilience resource for young trans women. Gender affirming religious and spiritual interventions may promote resilience among some young trans women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Wang
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Willi McFarland
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sean Arayasirikul
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Erin C Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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3
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Rothbaum B, Etengoff C, Uribe E. Transgender community resilience on YouTube: Constructing an informational, emotional, and sociorelational support exchange. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:2366-2384. [PMID: 34942028 PMCID: PMC9304180 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This strength-based, mixed-methods study explored how trans individuals utilize transvlogs as a community building and resilience resource. Eighty-six transvlog viewers explained their motivation for viewing transvlogs and additionally rated their self-efficacy and well-being. Narrative analyses indicate that participants viewed transvlogs to gain informational, emotional, and sociorelational resources. Twelve percent of participants additionally shared those resources with others and contributed to a relational resilience exchange. In addition, transvlog viewers' self-efficacy and well-being scores were higher than previously reported means. While prior research has noted the benefits of transvlog creation, the present study furthers this study by suggesting that transvlog viewers interactionally benefit as well. Participants in this study were not passive viewers, but rather active, agentive contributors to a trans community resilience exchange. Building on this study, we conclude with a discussion of how therapists can incorporate extant trans-created resources to foster trans community resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chana Etengoff
- Derner School of PsychologyAdelphi UniversityGarden CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Elizabeth Uribe
- Derner School of PsychologyAdelphi UniversityGarden CityNew YorkUSA
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4
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Lin J, Zou L, Lin W, Becker B, Yeung A, Cuijpers P, Li H. Does gender role explain a high risk of depression? A meta-analytic review of 40 years of evidence. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:261-278. [PMID: 34304081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analytic review aimed to systematically evaluate associations of depression with multiple gender role dimensions (masculinity, femininity, androgyny, and undifferentiated traits) and to determine potential moderators (participant characteristics, study instruments and sociocultural factors) of the relationship. METHODS Of 4481 initially identified records in three electronic databases, 58 studies published 1978 to 2021 were included for meta-analysis. RESULTS (1) Association of depression and gender role is moderated by study year and human development indices. (2) Masculinity is a protective factor for depression, while this dominance has declined as life expectancy increases. (3) A negative, weak but significant association between depression and femininity is observed in women, and college students, which starts to emerge with the gradual increase in the national education and income index from 1990 to 2019. (4) Androgynous individuals reported the lowest level of depression as compared with other gender role orientations (masculine, feminine, and undifferentiated trait group). This disparity is becoming more extreme with life expectancy and per capita income index increases. LIMITATIONS English-language studies were only included in this review. CONCLUSIONS Androgyny might be the most ideal gender role protecting both women and men from depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Lin
- Center for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University; Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, China; Institute for Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory; Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 518060, China
| | - Wuji Lin
- Center for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, China; Institute for Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Albert Yeung
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, Amsterdam 1081 BT, the Netherlands
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University; Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, China; Institute for Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China.
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5
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Siboni L, Rucco D, Prunas A, Anzani A. "We Faced Every Change Together". Couple's Intimacy and Sexuality Experiences from the Perspectives of Transgender and Non-Binary Individuals' Partners. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2021; 48:23-46. [PMID: 34357858 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2021.1957733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the study of transgender and non-binary (TGNB) individuals' romantic and sexual relationships. The present study explored, from TGNB people's partners' perspective, how the couple experiences sexuality and intimacy, the effects from gender dysphoria in these relational domains, and how dysphoria is managed. For this purpose, 99 partners of TGNB individuals were recruited for an online study. Participants were asked to answer the following open-ended questions: "In the intimacy and sexuality with your partner, are there any parts of your or your partner's body that are/were off-limits?" "How did you manage this before, during, and after transition?" The data were analyzed through thematic analysis, and four overarching themes emerged: 1) Positive Aspects of the Relationship; (2) Challenges; (3) Strategies to Manage Dysphoria; and (4) Expected Improvement through Access to Medical Affirmation. The results suggest that gender dysphoria is one of the main challenges in experiencing intimacy and sexuality, but TGNB individuals and their partners can rely on several relational and practical resources to navigate it and enjoy positive experiences with intimacy and sexuality. The findings provide valuable information about how TGNB individuals and their partners build healthy and fulfilling relationships, and they can help clinicians better understand both members' perspectives in these romantic couples in the context of couples' therapy and sexual counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Siboni
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Rucco
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Prunas
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Anzani
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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6
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Wen G, Zheng L. The Influence of Internalized Homophobia on Health-Related Quality of Life and Life Satisfaction Among Gay and Bisexual Men in China. Am J Mens Health 2020; 13:1557988319864775. [PMID: 31311400 PMCID: PMC6637842 DOI: 10.1177/1557988319864775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the influences of internalized homophobia on Chinese gay and bisexual men's quality of life and life satisfaction. Four hundred and eighty-three participants completed the Internalized Homophobia Scale, Chinese SF-12 Health Survey Version 2, and Satisfaction With Life Scale via the Internet. Scores for quality of life in several domains and life satisfaction were significantly lower than the heterosexuals' norm scores. The present study revealed that internalized homophobia significantly negatively correlated with the mental component summary score and life satisfaction. The mental component summary score mediated the relationship between internalized homophobia and life satisfaction. Sexual orientation moderated the relationship between internalized homophobia and mental component score. Gay and bisexual men in China experience poorer quality of life and less satisfaction with life compared to heterosexuals, and internalized homophobia contributes to both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangju Wen
- 1 Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,2 Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijun Zheng
- 1 Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,2 Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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7
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Kaplan RL, El Khoury C, Wehbe S, Lize N, Mokhbat J. Pilot Results from the First HIV/AIDS Intervention Among Transgender Women in the Middle East: Gender Affirmation and Social Support from Within Trans Communities in Beirut, Lebanon. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2020; 36:501-512. [PMID: 31914788 PMCID: PMC7262636 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgender women are 49 times more likely to become HIV positive than all adults worldwide. Data were unavailable for trans women's sexual and mental health in the Middle East and North Africa until 2015-2016, when HIV prevalence (10%) and suicide attempt (46%) rates were established in Lebanon. Because of the lack of evidence-based interventions for this marginalized group, the purpose of this study was to pilot test an adapted intervention, "Baynetna," to assess preliminary impact on mental and sexual health. Using the gender affirmative model and community connectedness and social cohesion constructs, we pilot tested Baynetna among sixteen trans women, who attended 6 weekly 3-h trans-facilitated group-delivered sessions in Beirut with post-test assessments at 1, 3, and 6 months. Each participant acted as her own control; we used paired t-tests to assess changes at follow-up to evaluate potential differences in outcomes. Positive directionality in intervention impact on gender affirmation satisfaction, community connectedness, and social cohesion was demonstrated. An increase in HIV testing proportion between 6 months before and after enrollment was achieved. Higher social cohesion was associated with less suicidal thoughts (p = .05). There was a significant (p = .019) relationship between more community connectedness and lower depression scores. War event exposure was associated with higher anxiety (p = .02; p = .004). Those who reported never having had a sexually transmitted infection had higher gender affirmation satisfaction scores (7.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.4-13.6) (p = .019). Increases in community connectedness, social cohesion, and gender affirmation satisfaction scores confirm Baynetna's proposed mechanisms of impact. Proportional HIV testing increases demonstrate prevention objectives' progress. The significant results contribute to confidence in Baynetna's mechanisms of action and support the hypothesis that the Gender Affirmation model is applicable to the Lebanese context. We have shown for the first time that the adapted intervention, and its constructs, are applicable in this context outside the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Kaplan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jacques Mokhbat
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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8
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Lo IPY, Kim YK, Small E, Chan CHY. The Gendered Self of Chinese Lesbians: Self-Esteem as a Mediator Between Gender Roles and Depression. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:1543-1554. [PMID: 31123949 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-1402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minority women are at an elevated risk for depression compared to heterosexual women, yet less is known about how gender roles affect the mental health of sexual minority women. Existing studies examining the role of self-esteem in the relationship between gender roles and depression are scarce and have predominantly focused on heterosexual populations. Using a cross-sectional survey of Chinese lesbians in Hong Kong (N = 438), the study tested the direct and indirect effects of different types of gender roles (masculine, feminine, and androgynous) on depression through the mediating factor of self-esteem. We found that masculinity and androgyny were positively associated with self-esteem, while femininity was negatively associated with self-esteem. More importantly, self-esteem fully mediated the inverse relationship between masculinity and depression and that between androgyny and depression. The positive relationship between femininity and depression was also fully mediated by self-esteem. By examining different types of gender roles and incorporating gender roles, self-esteem, and depression into a unified framework, the research highlighted the particularly protective effect of androgyny, which had the strongest positive direct effect on self-esteem and indirect effect on depression through the mediation of self-esteem compared to the effects of other types of gender roles. Our results illuminate the importance of understanding how individual differences in gender roles relate to the mental health of sexual minority women in future research and interventions. Implications for interventions that help Chinese lesbians cope with gender expectations and improve their mental health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Po Yee Lo
- Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, Manor Road, Oxford, OX1 3UQ, UK
| | - Youn Kyoung Kim
- School of Social Work, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Eusebius Small
- School of Social Work, University of Texas, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Celia Hoi Yan Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S. A. R., China.
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9
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Uhrig JD, Stryker JE, Bresee S, Gard Read J, Parvanta S, Ruiz F, DeLuca N. HIV information needs of transgender people and their healthcare providers. AIDS Care 2018; 31:357-363. [PMID: 30021453 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2018.1499862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the disproportionate burden of HIV among transgender people in the United States, few HIV-related communication materials exist for transgender people or their healthcare providers. Our goal was to understand the barriers and facilitators transgender people face in accessing HIV prevention, testing, and care services and the potential implications for message development and dissemination. We reviewed the literature and interviewed nine key informants representing healthcare and service providers, researchers, and transgender advocates. Healthcare providers who care for transgender patients often demonstrate a lack of transgender competent care strategies. In addition, transgender people face many barriers to accessing HIV services. Although communication materials cannot address many of these barriers, materials specifically developed for transgender people and their healthcare providers would fill a gap and may increase uptake of HIV services. Materials for transgender people should include gender-affirming messaging and imagery, be framed in terms of resiliency, and present HIV information tailored to the needs of transgender people. Materials for healthcare providers should provide basic information to increase transgender competency and provision of comprehensive healthcare for transgender patients, inclusive of gender-affirming and HIV prevention, testing and care services. Channels for disseminating materials to transgender people and healthcare providers are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Uhrig
- a Center for Communication Science, RTI International , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Jo Ellen Stryker
- b National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Division for HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Sara Bresee
- b National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Division for HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Jennifer Gard Read
- a Center for Communication Science, RTI International , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Sarah Parvanta
- a Center for Communication Science, RTI International , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Francisco Ruiz
- b National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Division for HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Nickolas DeLuca
- c Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
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10
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Gonzalez CA, Gallego JD, Bockting WO. Demographic Characteristics, Components of Sexuality and Gender, and Minority Stress and Their Associations to Excessive Alcohol, Cannabis, and Illicit (Noncannabis) Drug Use Among a Large Sample of Transgender People in the United States. J Prim Prev 2018; 38:419-445. [PMID: 28405831 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-017-0469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined demographics, sexual orientation, gender characteristics, and gender minority stress and their association to excessive alcohol, cannabis, and illicit (noncannabis) drug use among 1210 transgender adults living in the United States. The authors conducted a secondary analysis of data that included 680 transgender women (M age = 32.63, SD age = 12.29) and 530 transgender men (M age = 26.14, SD age = 7.42). A modified version of the Risk Behavioral Assessment quantified participants' alcohol, cannabis, and illicit drug use in the past 3 months. Overall, 21.5% of participants reported excessive alcohol use; no significant differences were found on the rates of excessive alcohol use between transgender women and men. Cannabis use among our sample was 24.4%; trangender men reported significantly higher rates of cannabis use compared to transgender women. Illicit drug (noncannabis) use among our sample was 11.6%; transgender men also reported significantly higher rates of illicit drug use compared to transgender women. Multivariate analyses suggested that gender dysphoria was significantly associated with: excessive alcohol use for transgender women, cannabis use among both transgender women and men, and illicit (noncannabis) drug use among transgender women. A nonheterosexual orientation was associated with increased odds of cannabis use among transgender women and men; a nonheterosexual orientation was associated with greater odds of illicit substance use among transgender men but not among transgender women. Gender minority stressors were independently associated with excessive alcohol use among transgender men and cannabis use among transgender women. The authors suggest that minority stress may only partially account for substance use among transgender people. Consequently, the authors suggest that in addition to minority stress, other biopsychosocial mechanisms should continue to be examined to identify pathways that may lead to the development of effective substance use prevention efforts and treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar A Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | | | - Walter O Bockting
- Division of Gender, Sexuality, and Health, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
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11
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Yoder JD, Zipp JF. Helping Students to Connect Gender With Social Status. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0361684317731886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janice D. Yoder
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - John F. Zipp
- Department of Sociology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
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12
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Suen YT, Chan RCH, Wong EMY. Mental Health of Transgender People in Hong Kong: A Community-Driven, Large-Scale Quantitative Study Documenting Demographics and Correlates of Quality of Life and Suicidality. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2017; 65:1093-1113. [PMID: 28873051 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2017.1368772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A community-driven survey of 106 transgender people (the first such survey in Hong Kong) showed that: (1) more than half the sample (50.9%) had a university degree or higher qualification; (2) despite this, 43.4% had a monthly income below HK$6,000 (about USD$775); (3) 66% reported "fair" or "poor" quality of life; (4) 67% of the sample (87.1% of respondents aged 15-24 years) had contemplated suicide; and (5) 20.8% of the sample (35.5% of respondents aged 15-24 years) had attempted suicide. It was found that (1) those who were single, had a lower monthly income, and identified as transgender women reported lower quality of life; and (2) those who were younger and on a lower income expressed higher suicidality. The findings suggest that service providers and policy makers urgently need to address the mental health needs of transgender people, particular younger transgender people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Tung Suen
- a Gender Studies Programme , Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | | | - Eliz Miu Yin Wong
- a Gender Studies Programme , Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
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13
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McCann E, Brown M. Discrimination and resilience and the needs of people who identify as Transgender: A narrative review of quantitative research studies. J Clin Nurs 2017; 26:4080-4093. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward McCann
- School of Nursing and Midwifery; University of Dublin; Trinity College; Dublin Ireland
| | - Michael Brown
- Health & Social Care Research; Edinburgh Napier University; Edinburgh UK
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14
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Kaplan RL, Nehme S, Aunon F, de Vries D, Wagner G. Suicide risk factors among trans feminine individuals in Lebanon. INT J TRANSGENDERISM 2016; 17:23-30. [PMID: 27616943 PMCID: PMC5012530 DOI: 10.1080/15532739.2015.1117406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Transgender women are disproportionately affected by high rates of depression and suicide attempts. It is therefore important to identify factors that influence suicidal risk, particularly in the Middle East where little research has examined the mental health of transgender women. We examined risk factors associated with suicide attempts among 54 trans feminine individuals in Beirut, Lebanon. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires and analyzed using bivariate statistics. Twenty-five (46%) participants reported having ever attempted suicide. Among them, only one participant received some kind of counseling in response to the attempted suicide. Low general social support, low social integration, and low support from peers were significantly associated with a history of attempted suicide, as were being more open about transgender identity in public and any hormone use (past or current). These findings suggest that progression in gender transition can have unintended consequences related to mental health and suicide risk, while social support systems can mitigate the impact of mental health problems. Some of these findings mirror other contexts around the globe and can inform mental health services for trans feminine individuals in Lebanon, the greater Middle East region, and other international settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Kaplan
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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15
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MacCarthy S, Reisner SL, Nunn A, Perez-Brumer A, Operario D. The Time Is Now: Attention Increases to Transgender Health in the United States but Scientific Knowledge Gaps Remain. LGBT Health 2015; 2:287-91. [PMID: 26788768 PMCID: PMC4716649 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2014.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention to transgender health has dramatically increased in the U.S. Scientific knowledge gaps in empirical research, however, remain and act as barriers to achieving transgender-related health equity. We conducted a search using PubMed and PsycINFO to identify gaps in empirical, peer-reviewed publications related to adult transgender health in the U.S. between 1981 and 2013. We synthesized these findings and commented on opportunities for improving health research. Reducing health disparities and advancing transgender-related health equity requires greater investment in research that addresses current gaps to more comprehensively respond to the diverse health needs of transgender people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sari L. Reisner
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Nunn
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Amaya Perez-Brumer
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Don Operario
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Bariola E, Lyons A, Leonard W, Pitts M, Badcock P, Couch M. Demographic and Psychosocial Factors Associated With Psychological Distress and Resilience Among Transgender Individuals. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:2108-2116. [PMID: 26270284 PMCID: PMC4566567 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302763 10.1007/s10508-012-9995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the independent demographic and psychosocial factors associated with psychological distress and resilience among transgender men and women. METHODS Our data came from an online survey involving a national Australian sample of 169 transgender men and women in 2011. Survey questions assessed demographics; sources of support; contact with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender peers; and experiences of victimization. We assessed the outcomes with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and the Brief Resilience Scale. RESULTS In all, 46.0% of the sample reported high or very high levels of psychological distress. Multivariable regression analyses identified considerably different independent factors for psychological distress and resilience. Younger age, feeling unable to turn to family for support, and victimization experiences were associated with greater psychological distress, whereas higher income, identifying as heterosexual, and having frequent contact with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender peers were associated with greater resilience. CONCLUSIONS With different factors identified for psychological distress and resilience, these findings may help inform the development of tailored mental health interventions and resilience-building programs for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bariola
- All of the authors are with The Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. Paul Badcock is also with The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia, and Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne
| | - Anthony Lyons
- All of the authors are with The Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. Paul Badcock is also with The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia, and Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne
| | - William Leonard
- All of the authors are with The Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. Paul Badcock is also with The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia, and Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne
| | - Marian Pitts
- All of the authors are with The Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. Paul Badcock is also with The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia, and Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne
| | - Paul Badcock
- All of the authors are with The Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. Paul Badcock is also with The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia, and Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne
| | - Murray Couch
- All of the authors are with The Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. Paul Badcock is also with The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia, and Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne
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Bariola E, Lyons A, Leonard W, Pitts M, Badcock P, Couch M. Demographic and Psychosocial Factors Associated With Psychological Distress and Resilience Among Transgender Individuals. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:2108-16. [PMID: 26270284 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the independent demographic and psychosocial factors associated with psychological distress and resilience among transgender men and women. METHODS Our data came from an online survey involving a national Australian sample of 169 transgender men and women in 2011. Survey questions assessed demographics; sources of support; contact with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender peers; and experiences of victimization. We assessed the outcomes with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and the Brief Resilience Scale. RESULTS In all, 46.0% of the sample reported high or very high levels of psychological distress. Multivariable regression analyses identified considerably different independent factors for psychological distress and resilience. Younger age, feeling unable to turn to family for support, and victimization experiences were associated with greater psychological distress, whereas higher income, identifying as heterosexual, and having frequent contact with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender peers were associated with greater resilience. CONCLUSIONS With different factors identified for psychological distress and resilience, these findings may help inform the development of tailored mental health interventions and resilience-building programs for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bariola
- All of the authors are with The Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. Paul Badcock is also with The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia, and Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne
| | - Anthony Lyons
- All of the authors are with The Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. Paul Badcock is also with The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia, and Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne
| | - William Leonard
- All of the authors are with The Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. Paul Badcock is also with The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia, and Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne
| | - Marian Pitts
- All of the authors are with The Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. Paul Badcock is also with The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia, and Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne
| | - Paul Badcock
- All of the authors are with The Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. Paul Badcock is also with The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia, and Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne
| | - Murray Couch
- All of the authors are with The Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. Paul Badcock is also with The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia, and Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne
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McElroy JA, Wintemberg JJ, Cronk NJ, Everett KD. The association of resilience, perceived stress and predictors of depressive symptoms in sexual and gender minority youths and adults. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2015.1076504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yang MF, Manning D, van den Berg JJ, Operario D. Stigmatization and Mental Health in a Diverse Sample of Transgender Women. LGBT Health 2015; 2:306-12. [PMID: 26788771 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2014.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous research indicates elevated risk for psychological distress in sexual and gender minority populations, and some research suggests that stigma contributes to elevated psychological distress among members of these groups. This study examined the hypothesis that exposure to transgender-related stigma (TRS) is associated with both higher levels of depression and anxiety among transgender women. METHODS We analyzed data from a diverse sample of 191 adult transgender women living or working in the San Francisco Bay area who were recruited using purposive sampling methods to participate in a cross-sectional survey, which included measures of stigmatization, depression, and anxiety. RESULTS Higher levels of exposure to TRS were independently associated with higher levels of depression (β=0.31, P<.001) and anxiety (β=39, P<.001), adjusting for self-reported health and sociodemographic co-variates. Associations between stigmatization, depression, and anxiety were not moderated by participants' age or race/ethnicity. CONCLUSION Findings suggest a need for counseling interventions to address the role of stigmatization as a factor potentially contributing to psychological distress among transgender women. This research further highlights the need to develop a stronger evidence base on effective counseling approaches to improve the mental health of transgender women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Fen Yang
- 1 Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - David Manning
- 1 Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Don Operario
- 1 Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
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Re-assessing the Role of Gender-Related Cognitions for Self-Esteem: The Importance of Gender Typicality for Cisgender Adults. SEX ROLES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-015-0458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
The current study used grounded theory methods to analyze trans men’s positive emotions. The sample included 11 participants who were assigned a female sex at birth and currently identify with a binary male identity. Results yielded eight positive emotion themes emerging for trans men, which included the following: confidence, comfort, connection, feeling alive, amazement, pride, happiness, and interpersonal reactionary emotions. Participants reported specific gender experiences within these themes, including a sense of brotherhood, excitement related to taking testosterone, authentic pride in identifying as a man, and happiness connected to others using correct gender language (e.g., pronouns, family labels, greetings). A theoretical model from the eight themes and 39 higher order categories emerged, indicating the importance of initial internal emotions, confidence related to trans men’s identity processes, and the ways in which positive interpersonal interactions affect positive emotions. Implications include using emotion-focused therapy and including more positivity into trans individuals’ experiences and emotions.
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Tate CC, Youssef CP, Bettergarcia JN. Integrating the Study of Transgender Spectrum and Cisgender Experiences of Self-Categorization from a Personality Perspective. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1037/gpr0000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We advocate for the integration of transgender spectrum experiences alongside cisgender experiences (i.e., having the same current gender identity label as one's birth-assigned gender category) to provide hitherto unrealized insights within the psychology of gender identity development. Specifically, we propose using personality theory to understand gender self-categorization for both profiles of experience because this perspective allows the structure and stability of self-categorization to be explored in a single, extant framework. Moreover, the dominant model of gender identity development in psychology and qualitative studies within sociology and related fields both suggest that self-categorization may in fact be similar between the 2 profiles. The integration also dispels 2 persistent myths about gender self-categorization: (a) that it is binary and (b) that it is an active psychological process for transgender spectrum, but not cisgender, individuals. Finally, we translate these new theoretical insights into testable research hypotheses within the mainstream of personality research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jay N. Bettergarcia
- Department of Counseling, Clinical and School Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara
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Stitt AL. The Cat and the Cloud: ACT for LGBT Locus of Control, Responsibility, and Acceptance. JOURNAL OF LGBTQ ISSUES IN COUNSELING 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15538605.2014.933469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Frieze IH, Dittrich S. Publication of Research in Sex Roles on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) Issues. SEX ROLES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-013-0284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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