1
|
De Wispelaere K, Freson K. The Analysis of the Human Megakaryocyte and Platelet Coding Transcriptome in Healthy and Diseased Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147647. [PMID: 35886993 PMCID: PMC9317744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are generated and released into the bloodstream from their precursor cells, megakaryocytes that reside in the bone marrow. Though platelets have no nucleus or DNA, they contain a full transcriptome that, during platelet formation, is transported from the megakaryocyte to the platelet. It has been described that transcripts in platelets can be translated into proteins that influence platelet response. The platelet transcriptome is highly dynamic and has been extensively studied using microarrays and, more recently, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in relation to diverse conditions (inflammation, obesity, cancer, pathogens and others). In this review, we focus on bulk and single-cell RNA-seq studies that have aimed to characterize the coding transcriptome of healthy megakaryocytes and platelets in humans. It has been noted that bulk RNA-seq has limitations when studying in vitro-generated megakaryocyte cultures that are highly heterogeneous, while single-cell RNA-seq has not yet been applied to platelets due to their very limited RNA content. Next, we illustrate how these methods can be applied in the field of inherited platelet disorders for gene discovery and for unraveling novel disease mechanisms using RNA from platelets and megakaryocytes and rare disease bioinformatics. Next, future perspectives are discussed on how this field of coding transcriptomics can be integrated with other next-generation technologies to decipher unexplained inherited platelet disorders in a multiomics approach.
Collapse
|
2
|
Boric MP, Figueroa XF. Editorial: Cell Communication in Vascular Biology, Volume II. Front Physiol 2022; 13:903056. [PMID: 35694409 PMCID: PMC9175020 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.903056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
3
|
Fabricius HÅ, Starzonek S, Lange T. The Role of Platelet Cell Surface P-Selectin for the Direct Platelet-Tumor Cell Contact During Metastasis Formation in Human Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:642761. [PMID: 33791226 PMCID: PMC8006306 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.642761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian platelets, devoid of nuclei, are the smallest cells in the blood stream. They are essential for hemostasis, but also transmit cell signals that are necessary for regenerative and generative processes such as inflammation, immunity and tissue repair. In particular, in malignancies they are also associated with cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Platelets promote metastasis and resistance to anti-tumor treatment. However, fundamental principles of the interaction between them and target cells within tumors are complex and still quite obscure. When injected into animals or circulating in the blood of cancer patients, cancer cells ligate platelets in a timely manner closely related to platelet activation either by direct contact or by cell-derived substances or microvesicles. In this context, a large number of different surface molecules and transduction mechanisms have been identified, although the results are sometimes species-specific and not always valid to humans. In this mini-review, we briefly summarize the current knowledge on the role of the direct and indirect platelet-tumor interaction for single steps of the metastatic cascade and specifically focus on the functional role of P-selectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Åke Fabricius
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Starzonek
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Xia L, Zeng Z, Tang WH. The Role of Platelet Microparticle Associated microRNAs in Cellular Crosstalk. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:29. [PMID: 29670887 PMCID: PMC5893844 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet is an anucleate cell containing abundant messenger RNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs), and their functional roles in hemostasis and inflammation remain elusive. Accumulating evidence has suggested that platelets can actively transfer RNAs to hepatocytes, vascular cells, macrophages, and tumor cells. The incorporated mRNAs are translated into proteins, and miRNAs were found to regulate the gene expression, resulting in the functional change of the recipient cells. This novel intercellular communication opens up a new avenue for the pathophysiological role of platelet in platelet-associated vascular diseases. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanism and identification of the platelet miRNAs involved in this biological process would provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luoxing Xia
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Ho Tang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ornelas A, Zacharias-Millward N, Menter DG, Davis JS, Lichtenberger L, Hawke D, Hawk E, Vilar E, Bhattacharya P, Millward S. Beyond COX-1: the effects of aspirin on platelet biology and potential mechanisms of chemoprevention. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:289-303. [PMID: 28762014 PMCID: PMC5557878 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
After more than a century, aspirin remains one of the most commonly used drugs in western medicine. Although mainly used for its anti-thrombotic, anti-pyretic, and analgesic properties, a multitude of clinical studies have provided convincing evidence that regular, low-dose aspirin use dramatically lowers the risk of cancer. These observations coincide with recent studies showing a functional relationship between platelets and tumors, suggesting that aspirin's chemopreventive properties may result, in part, from direct modulation of platelet biology and biochemistry. Here, we present a review of the biochemistry and pharmacology of aspirin with particular emphasis on its cyclooxygenase-dependent and cyclooxygenase-independent effects in platelets. We also correlate the results of proteomic-based studies of aspirin acetylation in eukaryotic cells with recent developments in platelet proteomics to identify non-cyclooxygenase targets of aspirin-mediated acetylation in platelets that may play a role in its chemopreventive mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Argentina Ornelas
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Niki Zacharias-Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer S Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lenard Lichtenberger
- McGovern Medical School, Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Hawke
- Department of Systems Biology, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ernest Hawk
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gordon CE, Chitalia VC, Sloan JM, Salant DJ, Coleman DL, Quillen K, Ravid K, Francis JM. Thrombotic Microangiopathy: A Multidisciplinary Team Approach. Am J Kidney Dis 2017; 70:715-721. [PMID: 28720207 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is characterized by the presence of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia along with organ dysfunction, and pathologically, by the presence of microthrombi in multiple microvascular beds. Delays in diagnosis and initiation of therapy are common due to the low incidence, variable presentation, and poor awareness of these diseases, underscoring the need for interdisciplinary approaches to clinical care for TMA. We describe a new approach to improve clinical management via a TMA team that originally stemmed from an Affinity Research Collaborative team focused on thrombosis and hemostasis. The TMA team consists of clinical faculty from different disciplines who together are charged with the responsibility to quickly analyze clinical presentations, guide laboratory testing, and streamline prompt institution of treatment. The TMA team also includes faculty members from a broad range of disciplines collaborating to elucidate the pathogenesis of TMA. To this end, a clinical database and biorepository have been constructed. TMA leaders educate front-line providers from other departments through presentations in various forums across multiple specialties. Facilitated by an Affinity Research Collaborative mechanism, we describe an interdisciplinary team dedicated to improving both clinical care and translational research in TMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig E Gordon
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Vipul C Chitalia
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - J Mark Sloan
- Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - David J Salant
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - David L Coleman
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Karen Quillen
- Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Katya Ravid
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Jean M Francis
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mick E, Shah R, Tanriverdi K, Murthy V, Gerstein M, Rozowsky J, Kitchen R, Larson MG, Levy D, Freedman JE. Stroke and Circulating Extracellular RNAs. Stroke 2017; 48:828-834. [PMID: 28289238 PMCID: PMC5373984 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.015140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose— There is increasing interest in extracellular RNAs (ex-RNAs), with numerous reports of associations between selected microRNAs (miRNAs) and a variety of cardiovascular disease phenotypes. Previous studies of ex-RNAs in relation to risk for cardiovascular disease have investigated small numbers of patients and assayed only candidate miRNAs. No human studies have investigated links between novel ex-RNAs and stroke. Methods— We conducted unbiased next-generation sequencing using plasma from 40 participants of the FHS (Framingham Heart Study; Offspring Cohort Exam 8) followed by high-throughput polymerase chain reaction of 471 ex-RNAs. The reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction included 331 of the most abundant miRNAs, 43 small nucleolar RNAs, and 97 piwi-interacting RNAs in 2763 additional FHS participants and explored the relations of ex-RNAs and prevalent (n=63) and incident (n=51) stroke and coronary heart disease (prevalent=286, incident=69). Results— After adjustment for multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors, 7 ex-RNAs were associated with stroke prevalence or incidence; there were no ex-RNA associated with prevalent or incident coronary heart disease. Statistically significant ex-RNA associations with stroke were specific, with no overlap between prevalent and incident events. Conclusions— This is the largest study of ex-RNAs in relation to stroke using an unbiased approach in an observational cohort and the first large study to examine human small noncoding RNAs beyond miRNAs. These results demonstrate that when studied in a large observational cohort, extracellular miRNAs are associated with stroke risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Mick
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.M.) and Department of Medicine (K.T., J.E.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.S.); Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (V.M.); Yale University Medical School, Computational Biology, New Haven, CT (M.G., J.R., R.K.); The NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.G.L.); Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (M.G.L.); and The Framingham Heart Study, Population Sciences Branch, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD (D.L.)
| | - Ravi Shah
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.M.) and Department of Medicine (K.T., J.E.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.S.); Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (V.M.); Yale University Medical School, Computational Biology, New Haven, CT (M.G., J.R., R.K.); The NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.G.L.); Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (M.G.L.); and The Framingham Heart Study, Population Sciences Branch, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD (D.L.)
| | - Kahraman Tanriverdi
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.M.) and Department of Medicine (K.T., J.E.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.S.); Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (V.M.); Yale University Medical School, Computational Biology, New Haven, CT (M.G., J.R., R.K.); The NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.G.L.); Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (M.G.L.); and The Framingham Heart Study, Population Sciences Branch, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD (D.L.)
| | - Venkatesh Murthy
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.M.) and Department of Medicine (K.T., J.E.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.S.); Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (V.M.); Yale University Medical School, Computational Biology, New Haven, CT (M.G., J.R., R.K.); The NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.G.L.); Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (M.G.L.); and The Framingham Heart Study, Population Sciences Branch, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD (D.L.)
| | - Mark Gerstein
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.M.) and Department of Medicine (K.T., J.E.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.S.); Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (V.M.); Yale University Medical School, Computational Biology, New Haven, CT (M.G., J.R., R.K.); The NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.G.L.); Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (M.G.L.); and The Framingham Heart Study, Population Sciences Branch, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD (D.L.)
| | - Joel Rozowsky
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.M.) and Department of Medicine (K.T., J.E.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.S.); Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (V.M.); Yale University Medical School, Computational Biology, New Haven, CT (M.G., J.R., R.K.); The NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.G.L.); Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (M.G.L.); and The Framingham Heart Study, Population Sciences Branch, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD (D.L.)
| | - Robert Kitchen
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.M.) and Department of Medicine (K.T., J.E.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.S.); Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (V.M.); Yale University Medical School, Computational Biology, New Haven, CT (M.G., J.R., R.K.); The NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.G.L.); Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (M.G.L.); and The Framingham Heart Study, Population Sciences Branch, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD (D.L.)
| | - Martin G Larson
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.M.) and Department of Medicine (K.T., J.E.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.S.); Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (V.M.); Yale University Medical School, Computational Biology, New Haven, CT (M.G., J.R., R.K.); The NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.G.L.); Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (M.G.L.); and The Framingham Heart Study, Population Sciences Branch, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD (D.L.)
| | - Daniel Levy
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.M.) and Department of Medicine (K.T., J.E.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.S.); Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (V.M.); Yale University Medical School, Computational Biology, New Haven, CT (M.G., J.R., R.K.); The NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.G.L.); Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (M.G.L.); and The Framingham Heart Study, Population Sciences Branch, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD (D.L.)
| | - Jane E Freedman
- From the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (E.M.) and Department of Medicine (K.T., J.E.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.S.); Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (V.M.); Yale University Medical School, Computational Biology, New Haven, CT (M.G., J.R., R.K.); The NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (M.G.L.); Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (M.G.L.); and The Framingham Heart Study, Population Sciences Branch, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD (D.L.).
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Publisher's Note: This article has a companion Point by Brass et al. Publisher's Note: Join in the discussion of these articles at Blood Advances Community Conversations.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Platelets are megakaryocyte-derived cellular fragments, which lack a nucleus and are the smallest circulating cells and are classically known to have a major role in supporting hemostasis. Apart from this well-established role, it is now becoming evident that platelets are also capable of conveying other important functions, such as during infection and inflammation. This paper will outline these nonhemostatic functions in two major sections termed "Platelets versus pathogens" and "Platelet-target cell communication". Platelets actively contribute to protection against invading pathogens and are capable of regulating immune functions in various target cells, all through sophisticated and efficient mechanisms. These relatively novel features will be highlighted, illustrating the multifunctional role of platelets in inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rick Kapur
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael׳s Hospital, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John W Semple
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael׳s Hospital, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Pharmacology, Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Best MG, Sol N, Kooi I, Tannous J, Westerman BA, Rustenburg F, Schellen P, Verschueren H, Post E, Koster J, Ylstra B, Ameziane N, Dorsman J, Smit EF, Verheul HM, Noske DP, Reijneveld JC, Nilsson RJA, Tannous BA, Wesseling P, Wurdinger T. RNA-Seq of Tumor-Educated Platelets Enables Blood-Based Pan-Cancer, Multiclass, and Molecular Pathway Cancer Diagnostics. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:666-676. [PMID: 26525104 PMCID: PMC4644263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-educated blood platelets (TEPs) are implicated as central players in the systemic and local responses to tumor growth, thereby altering their RNA profile. We determined the diagnostic potential of TEPs by mRNA sequencing of 283 platelet samples. We distinguished 228 patients with localized and metastasized tumors from 55 healthy individuals with 96% accuracy. Across six different tumor types, the location of the primary tumor was correctly identified with 71% accuracy. Also, MET or HER2-positive, and mutant KRAS, EGFR, or PIK3CA tumors were accurately distinguished using surrogate TEP mRNA profiles. Our results indicate that blood platelets provide a valuable platform for pan-cancer, multiclass cancer, and companion diagnostics, possibly enabling clinical advances in blood-based "liquid biopsies".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myron G Best
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nik Sol
- Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irsan Kooi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jihane Tannous
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bart A Westerman
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - François Rustenburg
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pepijn Schellen
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; thromboDx B.V., 1098 EA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heleen Verschueren
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; thromboDx B.V., 1098 EA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edward Post
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; thromboDx B.V., 1098 EA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Najim Ameziane
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josephine Dorsman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Egbert F Smit
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk M Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David P Noske
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap C Reijneveld
- Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Jonas A Nilsson
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; thromboDx B.V., 1098 EA Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Wurdinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; thromboDx B.V., 1098 EA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kapur R, Zufferey A, Boilard E, Semple JW. Nouvelle cuisine: platelets served with inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5579-87. [PMID: 26048965 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are small cellular fragments with the primary physiological role of maintaining hemostasis. In addition to this well-described classical function, it is becoming increasingly clear that platelets have an intimate connection with infection and inflammation. This stems from several platelet characteristics, including their ability to bind infectious agents and secrete many immunomodulatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as their expression of receptors for various immune effector and regulatory functions, such as TLRs, which allow them to sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Furthermore, platelets contain RNA that can be nascently translated under different environmental stresses, and they are able to release membrane microparticles that can transport inflammatory cargo to inflammatory cells. Interestingly, acute infections can also result in platelet breakdown and thrombocytopenia. This report highlights these relatively new aspects of platelets and, thus, their nonhemostatic nature in an inflammatory setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rick Kapur
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Anne Zufferey
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - John W Semple
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Platelets are anucleate blood cells, long known to be critically involved in hemostasis and thrombosis. In addition to their role in blood clots, increasing evidence reveals significant roles for platelets in inflammation and immunity. However, the notion that platelets represent immune cells is not broadly recognized in the field of Physiology. This article reviews the role of platelets in inflammation and immune responses, and highlights their interactions with other immune cells, including examples of major functional consequences of these interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fong W Lam
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - K Vinod Vijayan
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rolando E Rumbaut
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Platelets are generated from nucleated precursors referred to as megakaryocytes. The formation of platelets is one of the most elegant and unique developmental processes in eukaryotes. Because they enter the circulation without nuclei, platelets are often considered simple, non-complex cells that have limited functions beyond halting blood flow. However, emerging evidence over the past decade demonstrates that platelets are more sophisticated than previously considered. Platelets carry a rich repertoire of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and proteins that contribute to primary (adhesion, aggregation, secretion) and alternative (immune regulation, RNA transfer, translation) functions. It is also becoming increasingly clear that the 'genetic code' of platelets changes with race, genetic disorders, or disease. Changes in the 'genetic code' can occur at multiple points including megakaryocyte development, platelet formation, or in circulating platelets. This review focuses on regulation of the 'genetic code' in megakaryocytes and platelets and its potential contribution to health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M T Rondina
- The Molecular Medicine Program and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A S Weyrich
- The Molecular Medicine Program and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Spurred by advances in understanding the molecular basis of thrombosis, this issue of the Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis is devoted to exploring aspects of novel paradigms and their potential impact on diagnosis and treatment. Complex interplay between blood and vascular cells, inflammation, and pro- and anti-coagulant pathways determines the formation and stability of arterial and venous thrombosis. A causal role for inflammation in coronary artery disease is currently being tested in large clinical trials. Basic science observations implicate inflammation in venous thromboembolic disorders and inflammatory processes, may have a similar influence on device thrombosis. In this article and throughout this issue of the Journal, we discuss biomarkers and mediators associated with arterial and venous thrombosis, atrial fibrillation, and other clinical scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis Sexton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, 255 BBRSB, 741 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0200, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schubert S, Weyrich AS, Rowley JW. A tour through the transcriptional landscape of platelets. Blood 2014; 124:493-502. [PMID: 24904119 PMCID: PMC4110657 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-04-512756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA code found within a platelet and alterations of that code continue to shed light onto the mechanistic underpinnings of platelet function and dysfunction. It is now known that features of messenger RNA (mRNA) in platelets mirror those of nucleated cells. This review serves as a tour guide for readers interested in developing a greater understanding of platelet mRNA. The tour provides an in-depth and interactive examination of platelet mRNA, especially in the context of next-generation RNA sequencing. At the end of the expedition, the reader will have a better grasp of the topography of platelet mRNA and how it impacts platelet function in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew S Weyrich
- The Molecular Medicine Program and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- The Molecular Medicine Program and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| |
Collapse
|