1
|
Mussagy CU, Farias FO, Tropea A, Santi L, Mondello L, Giuffrida D, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Dufossé L. Ketocarotenoids adonirubin and adonixanthin: Properties, health benefits, current technologies, and emerging challenges. Food Chem 2024; 443:138610. [PMID: 38301562 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Given their multifaceted roles, carotenoids have garnered significant scientific interest, resulting in a comprehensive and intricate body of literature that occasionally presents conflicting findings concerning the proper characterization, quantification, and bioavailability of these compounds. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that the pursuit of novel carotenoids remains a crucial endeavor, as their diverse properties, functionalities and potential health benefits make them invaluable natural resources in agri-food and health promotion through the diet. In this framework, particular attention is given to ketocarotenoids, viz., astaxanthin (one of them) stands out for its possible multifunctional role as an antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial agent. It has been widely explored in the market and utilized in different applications such as nutraceuticals, food additives, among others. Adonirubin and adonixanthin can be naturally found in plants and microorganisms. Due to the increasing significance of natural-based products and the remarkable opportunity to introduce these ketocarotenoids to the market, this review aims to provide an expert overview of the pros and cons associated with adonirubin and adonixanthin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassamo U Mussagy
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile.
| | - Fabiane O Farias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Center, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba/PR, Brazil
| | - Alessia Tropea
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc 98168 - Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Santi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc 98168 - Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Messina Institute of technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc, 98168 - Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Laurent Dufossé
- Chemistry and Biotechnology of Natural Products, CHEMBIOPRO, ESIROI Agroalimentaire, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, CEDEX 9, F-97744 Saint-Denis, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Naik B, Kumar V, Rizwanuddin S, Mishra S, Kumar V, Saris PEJ, Khanduri N, Kumar A, Pandey P, Gupta AK, Khan JM, Rustagi S. Biofortification as a solution for addressing nutrient deficiencies and malnutrition. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30595. [PMID: 38726166 PMCID: PMC11079288 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition, defined as both undernutrition and overnutrition, is a major global health concern affecting millions of people. One possible way to address nutrient deficiency and combat malnutrition is through biofortification. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to explore the current state of biofortification research, including techniques, applications, effectiveness and challenges. Biofortification is a promising strategy for enhancing the nutritional condition of at-risk populations. Biofortified varieties of basic crops, including rice, wheat, maize and beans, with elevated amounts of vital micronutrients, such as iron, zinc, vitamin A and vitamin C, have been successfully developed using conventional and advanced technologies. Additionally, the ability to specifically modify crop genomes to improve their nutritional profiles has been made possible by recent developments in genetic engineering, such as CRISPR-Cas9 technology. The health conditions of people have been shown to improve and nutrient deficiencies were reduced when biofortified crops were grown. Particularly in environments with limited resources, biofortification showed considerable promise as a long-term and economical solution to nutrient shortages and malnutrition. To fully exploit the potential of biofortified crops to enhance public health and global nutrition, issues such as consumer acceptance, regulatory permitting and production and distribution scaling up need to be resolved. Collaboration among governments, researchers, non-governmental organizations and the private sector is essential to overcome these challenges and promote the widespread adoption of biofortification as a key part of global food security and nutrition strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Naik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be) University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Rama Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sheikh Rizwanuddin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be) University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sadhna Mishra
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Rama Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Per Erik Joakim Saris
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00100, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Naresh Khanduri
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Rama Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Rama Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Soil and Environment Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchur, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Arun Kumar Gupta
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be) University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- Department of Food Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Agrawal S, Karcher D, Ruf S, Erban A, Hertle AP, Kopka J, Bock R. Riboswitch-mediated inducible expression of an astaxanthin biosynthetic operon in plastids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:637-652. [PMID: 34623449 PMCID: PMC8774745 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The high-value carotenoid astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione) is one of the most potent antioxidants in nature. In addition to its large-scale use in fish farming, the pigment has applications as a food supplement and an active ingredient in cosmetics and in pharmaceuticals for the treatment of diseases linked to reactive oxygen species. The biochemical pathway for astaxanthin synthesis has been introduced into seed plants, which do not naturally synthesize this pigment, by nuclear and plastid engineering. The highest accumulation rates have been achieved in transplastomic plants, but massive production of astaxanthin has resulted in severe growth retardation. What limits astaxanthin accumulation levels and what causes the mutant phenotype is unknown. Here, we addressed these questions by making astaxanthin synthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plastids inducible by a synthetic riboswitch. We show that, already in the uninduced state, astaxanthin accumulates to similarly high levels as in transplastomic plants expressing the pathway constitutively. Importantly, the inducible plants displayed wild-type-like growth properties and riboswitch induction resulted in a further increase in astaxanthin accumulation. Our data suggest that the mutant phenotype associated with constitutive astaxanthin synthesis is due to massive metabolite turnover, and indicate that astaxanthin accumulation is limited by the sequestration capacity of the plastid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Agrawal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Daniel Karcher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alexander P Hertle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu S, Gao Z, Wang X, Luan F, Dai Z, Yang Z, Zhang Q. Nucleotide variation in the phytoene synthase (ClPsy1) gene contributes to golden flesh in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:185-200. [PMID: 34633472 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A gene controlling golden flesh trait in watermelon was discovered and fine mapped to a 39.08 Kb region on chromosome 1 through a forward genetic strategy, and Cla97C01G008760 (annotated as phytoene synthase protein, ClPsy1 ) was recognized as the most likely candidate gene. Vitamin A deficiency is a worldwide public nutrition problem, and β-carotene is the precursor for vitamin A synthesis. Watermelon with golden flesh (gf, which occurs due to an accumulated abundance of β-carotene) is an important germplasm resource. In this study, a genetic analysis of segregated gf gene populations indicated that gf was controlled by a single recessive gene. BSA-seq (Bulked segregation analysis) and an initial linkage analysis placed the gf locus in a 290-Kb region on watermelon chromosome 1. Further fine mapping in a large population including over 1000 F2 plants narrowed this region to 39.08 Kb harboring two genes, Cla97C01G008760 and Cla97C01G008770, which encode phytoene synthase (ClPsy1) and GATA zinc finger domain-containing protein, respectively. Gene sequence alignment and expression analysis between parental lines revealed Cla97C01G008760 as the best possible candidate gene for the gf trait. Nonsynonymous SNP mutations in the first exon of ClPsy1 between parental lines co-segregated with the gf trait only among individuals in the genetic population and were not related to flesh color in natural watermelon panels. Promoter sequence analysis of 26 watermelon accessions revealed two SNPs in the cis-acting element sequences corresponding to MYB and MYC2 transcription factors. RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR verification showed that two MYBs exhibited expression trends similar to that of ClPsy1 in the parental lines and may regulate the ClPsy1 expression. Further research findings indicate that the gf trait is determined not only by ClPsy1 but also by ClLCYB, ClCRTISO and ClNCED7, which play important roles in watermelon β-carotene accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- Horticulture and Landscape Architecture College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Zhongqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Horticulture and Landscape Architecture College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xuezheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- Horticulture and Landscape Architecture College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Feishi Luan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Horticulture and Landscape Architecture College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zuyun Dai
- Anhui Jianghuai Horticulture Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- Anhui Jianghuai Horticulture Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Horticulture Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei, 230031, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roca M, Pérez-Gálvez A. Metabolomics of Chlorophylls and Carotenoids: Analytical Methods and Metabolome-Based Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1622. [PMID: 34679756 PMCID: PMC8533378 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls and carotenoids are two families of antioxidants present in daily ingested foods, whose recognition as added-value ingredients runs in parallel with the increasing number of demonstrated functional properties. Both groups include a complex and vast number of compounds, and extraction and analysis methods evolved recently to a modern protocol. New methodologies are more potent, precise, and accurate, but their application requires a better understanding of the technical and biological context. Therefore, the present review compiles the basic knowledge and recent advances of the metabolomics of chlorophylls and carotenoids, including the interrelation with the primary metabolism. The study includes material preparation and extraction protocols, the instrumental techniques for the acquisition of spectroscopic and spectrometric properties, the workflows and software tools for data pre-processing and analysis, and the application of mass spectrometry to pigment metabolomics. In addition, the review encompasses a critical description of studies where metabolomics analyses of chlorophylls and carotenoids were developed as an approach to analyzing the effects of biotic and abiotic stressors on living organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Pérez-Gálvez
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Building 46, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dai S, Wang B, Song Y, Xie Z, Li C, Li S, Huang Y, Jiang M. Astaxanthin and its gold nanoparticles mitigate cadmium toxicity in rice by inhibiting cadmium translocation and uptake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147496. [PMID: 33984703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the main heavy metal in rice, Cd uptake by cereal crops from soil leads to toxicity in plants and pose serious health risks due to human body's accumulation through the food chain. Astaxanthin, a natural and anti-oxidative oxycarotenoid, is widely distributed in various microorganisms and seafood. In this study, we demonstrated that astaxanthin in the form of gold nanoparticles (Ast-AuNPs) can efficiently alleviate Cd toxicity to a greater extent in hydroponically grown rice plants than single astaxanthin. When supplemented with 100 μg/mL Ast-AuNPs in medium, the Cd level of rice was significantly reduced by 26.2% (in roots) and 85.9% (in leaves), respectively. We also found Ast-AuNPs supplement restores chlorophyll biosynthesis and mitigate Cd-induced oxidative stresses: the contents of superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly reduced while the activity of the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) was significantly elevated. Further study showed that the supplement of Ast-AuNPs inhibited Cd-induced gene expression of the metal transporter genes (OsHMA2, OsHMA3, OsIRT1, OsIRT2, OsNramp1, and OsNramp5) in rice roots. Moreover, Ast-AuNPs regulated the metabolism of free amino acids and increased the level of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione and ascorbic acid. Therefore, this study demonstrates that Ast-AuNPs could mitigate the Cd toxicity in rice seedlings by suppressing Cd uptake, scavenging of ROS, and enhancing the activity of antioxidants, and also expands the application of functional gold nanoparticles in the alleviation of heavy metal pollution in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binqiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Song
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenming Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Patent Examination Cooperation Hubei Center of the Patent Office, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu X, Ma X, Wang H, Li S, Yang W, Nugroho RD, Luo L, Zhou X, Tang C, Fan Y, Zhao Q, Zhang J, Chen R. Metabolic engineering of astaxanthin-rich maize and its use in the production of biofortified eggs. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1812-1823. [PMID: 33780119 PMCID: PMC8428828 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Production of the high-value carotenoid astaxanthin, which is widely used in food and feed due to its strong antioxidant activity and colour, is less efficient in cereals than in model plants. Here, we report a new strategy for expressing β-carotene ketolase and hydroxylase genes from algae, yeasts and flowering plants in the whole seed using a seed-specific bidirectional promoter. Engineered maize events were backcrossed to inbred maize lines with yellow endosperm to generate progenies that accumulate astaxanthin from 47.76 to 111.82 mg/kg DW in seeds, and the maximum level is approximately sixfold higher than those in previous reports (16.2-16.8 mg/kg DW) in cereals. A feeding trial with laying hens indicated that they could take up astaxanthin from the maize and accumulate it in egg yolks (12.10-14.15 mg/kg) without affecting egg production and quality, as observed using astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. Storage stability evaluation analysis showed that the optimal conditions for long-term storage of astaxanthin-rich maize are at 4 °C in the dark. This study shows that co-expressing of functional genes driven by seed-specific bidirectional promoter could dramatically boost astaxanthin biosynthesis in every parts of kernel including embryo, aleurone layer and starch endosperm other than previous reports in the starch endosperm only. And the staple crop maize could serve as a cost-effective plant factory for reliably producing astaxanthin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- Crop Functional Genome Research CenterBiotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuhui Ma
- Crop Functional Genome Research CenterBiotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionInstitute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Suzhen Li
- Crop Functional Genome Research CenterBiotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wenzhu Yang
- Crop Functional Genome Research CenterBiotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ramdhan Dwi Nugroho
- State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionInstitute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lili Luo
- Crop Functional Genome Research CenterBiotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaojin Zhou
- Crop Functional Genome Research CenterBiotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionInstitute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yunliu Fan
- Crop Functional Genome Research CenterBiotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionInstitute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionInstitute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Rumei Chen
- Crop Functional Genome Research CenterBiotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Medeiros DB, Brotman Y, Fernie AR. The utility of metabolomics as a tool to inform maize biology. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100187. [PMID: 34327322 PMCID: PMC8299083 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the rise of high-throughput omics tools and the importance of maize and its products as food and bioethanol, maize metabolism has been extensively explored. Modern maize is still rich in genetic and phenotypic variation, yielding a wide range of structurally and functionally diverse metabolites. The maize metabolome is also incredibly dynamic in terms of topology and subcellular compartmentalization. In this review, we examine a broad range of studies that cover recent developments in maize metabolism. Particular attention is given to current methodologies and to the use of metabolomics as a tool to define biosynthetic pathways and address biological questions. We also touch upon the use of metabolomics to understand maize natural variation and evolution, with a special focus on research that has used metabolite-based genome-wide association studies (mGWASs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David B. Medeiros
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Adonis amurensis Is a Promising Alternative to Haematococcus as a Resource for Natural Esterified (3 S,3' S)-Astaxanthin Production. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061059. [PMID: 34070556 PMCID: PMC8227782 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) characteristics and pigment productivity of Adonis amurensis, one of the few AST-producing higher plants, have not yet been studied extensively. In this study, the geometrical and optical isomers of AST in different parts of the A. amurensis flower were determined in detail, followed by a separation of the all-trans AST using HPLC chromatography. AST extracted from the flower accounted for 1.31% of the dry weight (dw) and mainly existed in the di-esterified form (>86.5%). The highest concentration was found in the upper red part of the petal (3.31% dw). One optical isomer (3S, 3′S) of AST, with five geometrical isomers (all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis, 15-cis, and di-cis) were observed in all parts of the flower. All-trans AST was the predominant geometrical isomer accounting for 72.5% of the total content of geometric isomers in total flower, followed by the 13-cis, and 9-cis isomers. The all-trans AST isomer was also isolated, and then purified by HPLC from the crude oily flower extract, with a 21.5% recovery yield. The cis-AST extracted from the combined androecium and gynoecium gives a very strong absorption in the UVA region due to a high level of cis, especially di-cis, isomers, suggesting a prospective use in the preparation of anti-ultraviolet agents. The production cost of AST from Adonis flowers can be as low as €388–393/kg. These observations together with other factors such as the low technology requirement for plant culturing and harvesting suggest Adonis has great potential as a resource for natural esterified (3S,3′S)-AST production when compared with Haematococcus culturing.
Collapse
|
10
|
Engineered Maize Hybrids with Diverse Carotenoid Profiles and Potential Applications in Animal Feeding. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33783733 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-7360-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Multi-gene transformation methods need to be able to introduce multiple transgenes into plants in order to reconstitute a transgenic locus where the introduced genes express in a coordinated manner and do not segregate in subsequent generations. This simultaneous multiple gene transfer enables the study and modulation of the entire metabolic pathways and the elucidation of complex genetic control circuits and regulatory hierarchies. We used combinatorial nuclear transformation to produce multiplex-transgenic maize plants. In proof of principle experiments, we co-expressed five carotenogenic genes in maize endosperm. The resulting combinatorial transgenic maize plant population, equivalent to a "mutant series," allowed us to identify and complement rate-limiting steps in the extended endosperm carotenoid pathway and to recover corn plants with extraordinary levels of β-carotene and other nutritionally important carotenoids. We then introgressed the induced (transgenic) carotenoid pathway in a transgenic line accumulating high levels of nutritionally important carotenoids into a wild-type yellow-endosperm variety with a high β:ε ratio. Novel hybrids accumulated zeaxanthin at unprecedented amounts. We introgressed the same pathway into a different yellow corn line with a low β:ε ratio. The resulting hybrids, in this case, had a very different carotenoid profile. The role of genetic background in determining carotenoid profiles in corn was elucidated, and further rate-limiting steps in the pathway were identified and resolved in hybrids. Astaxanthin accumulation was engineered by overexpression of a β-carotene ketolase in maize endosperm. In early experiments, limited astaxanthin accumulation in transgenic maize plants was attributed to a bottleneck in the conversion of adonixanthin (4-ketozeaxanthin) to astaxanthin. More recent experiments showed that a synthetic β-carotene ketolase with a superior β-carotene/zeaxanthin ketolase activity is critical for the high-yield production of astaxanthin in maize endosperm. Engineered lines were used in animal feeding experiments which demonstrated not only the safety of the engineered lines but also their efficacy in a range of different animal production applications.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zheng X, Giuliano G, Al-Babili S. Carotenoid biofortification in crop plants: citius, altius, fortius. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158664. [PMID: 32068105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are indispensable for human health, required as precursors of vitamin A and efficient antioxidants. However, these plant pigments that play a vital role in photosynthesis are represented at insufficient levels in edible parts of several crops, which creates a need for increasing their content or optimizing their composition through biofortification. In particular, vitamin A deficiency, a severe health problem affecting the lives of millions in developing countries, has triggered the development of a series of high-provitamin A crops, including Golden Rice as the best-known example. Further carotenoid-biofortified crops have been generated by using genetic engineering approaches or through classical breeding. In this review, we depict carotenoid metabolism in plants and provide an update on the development of carotenoid-biofortified plants and their potential to meet needs and expectations. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of using natural variation for carotenoid biofortification and the potential of gene editing tools. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjie Zheng
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture, the BioActives Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giovanni Giuliano
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, Roma 00123, Italy
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture, the BioActives Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moreno J, Díaz-Gómez J, Fuentes-Font L, Angulo E, Gosálvez L, Sandmann G, Portero-Otin M, Capell T, Zhu C, Christou P, Nogareda C. Poultry diets containing (keto)carotenoid-enriched maize improve egg yolk color and maintain quality. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
13
|
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoid compounds synthesized de novo in all photosynthetic organisms as well as in some nonphotosynthetic bacteria and fungi. In plants, carotenoids are essential for light harvesting and photoprotection. They contribute to the vivid color found in many plant organs. The cleavage of carotenoids produces small molecules (apocarotenoids) that serve as aroma compounds, as well as phytohormones and signals to affect plant growth and development. Since carotenoids provide valuable nutrition and health benefits for humans, understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis, catabolism and storage is important for biofortification of crops with improved nutritional quality. This chapter primarily introduces our current knowledge about carotenoid biosynthesis and degradation pathways as well as carotenoid storage in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhu Sun
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yaakov Tadmor
- Plant Science Institute, Israeli Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Yaar Research Center, Ramat Yishai, Israel
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Duan L, Han S, Wang K, Jiang P, Gu Y, Chen L, Mu J, Ye X, Li Y, Yan Y, Li X. Analyzing the action of evolutionarily conserved modules on HMW-GS 1Ax1 promoter activity. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:225-237. [PMID: 31820284 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The specific and high-level expression of 1Ax1 is determined by different promoter regions. HMW-GS synthesis occurs in aleurone layer cells. Heterologous proteins can be stored in protein bodies. High-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) is highly expressed in the endosperm of wheat and relative species, where their expression level and allelic variation affect the bread-making quality and nutrient quality of flour. However, the mechanism regulating HMW-GS expression remains elusive. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of cis-acting elements in the 2659-bp promoter region of the HMW-GS gene 1Ax1, which can be divided into five element-enriched regions. Fragments derived from progressive 5' deletions were used to drive GUS gene expression in transgenic wheat, which was confirmed in aleurone layer cells, inner starchy endosperm cells, starchy endosperm transfer cells, and aleurone transfer cells by histochemical staining. The promoter region ranging from - 297 to - 1 was responsible for tissue-specific expression, while fragments from - 1724 to - 618 and from - 618 to - 297 were responsible for high-level expression. Under the control of the 1Ax1 promoter, heterologous protein could be stored in the form of protein bodies in inner starchy endosperm cells, even without a special location signal. Our findings not only deepen our understanding of glutenin expression regulation, trafficking, and accumulation but also provide a strategy for the utilization of wheat endosperm as a bioreactor for the production of nutrients and metabolic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luning Duan
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shichen Han
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Peihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yunsong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Junyi Mu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xingguo Ye
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yaxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yueming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yu L, Chen Q, Peng Y, Xie L, Liu D, Han M, Chen F, Xiao S, Huang J, Li J. Arabidopsis thaliana Plants Engineered To Produce Astaxanthin Show Enhanced Oxidative Stress Tolerance and Bacterial Pathogen Resistance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12590-12598. [PMID: 31639305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids play key roles in photosynthesis and photoprotection. Few multicellular plants produce the ketocarotenoid astaxanthin, a strong antioxidant; however, Arabidopsis thaliana lines overexpressing the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii β-carotene ketolase (CrBKT) accumulated high amounts of astaxanthin in the leaves. In this study, we investigated the changed regulation of key metabolic pathways and the tolerance of the engineered plants to biotic and abiotic stresses resulting from the heterologous expression of CrBKT. Transcriptome analysis identified 1633 and 1722 genes that were differentially expressed in the leaves and siliques, respectively, of CrBKT-overexpressing plants (line CR5) as compared to wild-type Arabidopsis. These genes were enriched in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathways, and plant hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways. In particular, metabolic profiling showed that, as compared to the wild-type leaves and siliques, overexpression of CrBKT increased the levels of most amino acids, but decreased the contents of sugars and carbohydrates. Furthermore, CR5 plants had lower sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) and increased tolerance to oxidative stress. CR5 plants also exhibited enhanced resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Our study provides insight into the regulation of carotenoids and the related pathways, which may be involved in plant response to oxidative stress and pathogen infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Qinfang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Yujun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Di Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Muqian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
- College of Agronomy , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518000 , China
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Junchao Huang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
- College of Agronomy , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fang N, Wang C, Liu X, Zhao X, Liu Y, Liu X, Du Y, Zhang Z, Zhang H. De novo synthesis of astaxanthin: From organisms to genes. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
17
|
He J, Li P, Huo H, Liu L, Tang T, He M, Huang J, Liu L. Heterologous expression of HpBHY and CrBKT increases heat tolerance in Physcomitrella patens. PLANT DIVERSITY 2019; 41:266-274. [PMID: 31528786 PMCID: PMC6742491 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress can restrict plant growth, development, and crop yield. As essential plant antioxidants, carotenoids play significant roles in plant stress resistance. β-carotene hydroxylase (BHY) and β-carotene ketolase (BKT), which catalyze the conversions of β-carotene to zeaxanthin and β-carotene to canthaxanthin, respectively, are key enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, but little is known about their potential functions in stress resistance. Here, we investigated the roles of β-carotene hydroxylase and β-carotene ketolase during heat stress in Physcomitrella patens through expressing a β-carotene ketolase gene from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrBKT) and a β-carotene hydroxylase gene from Haematococcus pluvialis (HpBHY) in the moss P. patens. In transgenic moss expressing these genes, carotenoids content increased (especially lutein content), and heat stress tolerance increased, with reduced leafy tissue necrosis. To investigate the mechanism of this heat stress resistance, we measured various physiological indicators and found a lower malondialdehyde level, higher peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, and higher endogenous abscisic acid and salicylate content in the transgenic plants in response to high-temperature stress. These results demonstrate that CrBKT and HpBHY increase plant heat stress resistance through the antioxidant and damage repair metabolism, which is related to abscisic acid and salicylate signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang He
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Heqiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, FL, 32703, USA
| | - Lina Liu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Tang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Mingxia He
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Junchao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fang C, Luo J, Wang S. The Diversity of Nutritional Metabolites: Origin, Dissection, and Application in Crop Breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1028. [PMID: 31475024 PMCID: PMC6706459 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The chemical diversity of plants is very high, and plant-based foods provide almost all the nutrients necessary for human health, either directly or indirectly. With advancements in plant metabolomics studies, the concept of nutritional metabolites has been expanded and updated. Because the concentration of many nutrients is usually low in plant-based foods, especially those from crops, metabolome-assisted breeding techniques using molecular markers associated with the synthesis of nutritional metabolites have been developed and used to improve nutritional quality of crops. Here, we review the origins of the diversity of nutrient metabolites from a genomic perspective and the role of gene duplication and divergence. In addition, we systematically review recent advances in the metabolomic and genetic basis of metabolite production in major crops. With the development of genome sequencing and metabolic detection technologies, multi-omic integrative analysis of genomes, transcriptomes, and metabolomes has greatly facilitated the deciphering of the genetic basis of metabolic pathways and the diversity of nutrient metabolites. Finally, we summarize the application of nutrient diversity in crop breeding and discuss the future development of a viable alternative to metabolome-assisted breeding techniques that can be used to improve crop nutrient quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanying Fang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Shouchuang Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhu Q, Zeng D, Yu S, Cui C, Li J, Li H, Chen J, Zhang R, Zhao X, Chen L, Liu YG. From Golden Rice to aSTARice: Bioengineering Astaxanthin Biosynthesis in Rice Endosperm. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:1440-1448. [PMID: 30296601 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important phytonutrients with antioxidant properties, and are widely used in foods and feedstuffs as supplements. Astaxanthin, a red-colored ketocarotenoid, has strong antioxidant activity and thus can benefit human health. However, astaxanthin is not produced in most higher plants. Here we report the bioengineering of astaxanthin biosynthesis in rice endosperm by introducing four synthetic genes, sZmPSY1, sPaCrtI, sCrBKT, and sHpBHY, which encode the enzymes phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, β-carotene ketolase, and β-carotene hydroxylase, respectively. Transgneic overexpression of two (sZmPSY1 and sPaCrtI), three (sZmPSY1, sPaCrtI and sCrBKT), and all these four genes driven by rice endosperm-specific promoters established the carotenoid/ketocarotenoid/astaxanthin biosynthetic pathways in the endosperm and thus resulted in various types of germplasm, from the yellow-grained β-carotene-enriched Golden Rice to orange-red-grained Canthaxanthin Rice and Astaxanthin Rice, respectively. Grains of Astaxanthin Rice were enriched with astaxanthin in the endosperm and had higher antioxidant activity. These results proved that introduction of a minimal set of four transgenes enables de novo biosynthesis of astaxanthin in the rice endosperm. This work provides a successful example for synthetic biology in plants and biofortification in crops; the biofortified rice products generated by this study could be consumed as health-promoting foods and processed to produce dietary supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dongchang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Suize Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chaojun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Heying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Runzhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiucai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Letian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yao-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ha SH, Kim JK, Jeong YS, You MK, Lim SH, Kim JK. Stepwise pathway engineering to the biosynthesis of zeaxanthin, astaxanthin and capsanthin in rice endosperm. Metab Eng 2018; 52:178-189. [PMID: 30503392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid pigments are valuable components of the human diet. A notable example is β-carotene, or provitamin A, which is converted into the derivatives astaxanthin and capsanthin, via the common intermediate zeaxanthin. To generate rice varieties producing diverse carotenoids beyond β-carotene, we specifically used a Capsicum β-carotene hydroxylase gene, B (CaBch) and a codon optimized version of the same gene, stB (stBch) to increase zeaxanthin synthesis. We also used a recombinant BAK gene (CaBch-2A-HpBkt), consisting of the CaBch sequence and a Haematococcus β-carotene ketolase gene (HpBkt) linked by a bicistronic 2 A sequence, as well as a codon optimized recombinant stBAK gene (stBch-2A-stBkt) to create astaxanthin synthesis. The four cassettes to seed-specifically express the B, stB, BAK and stBAK genes were individually combined with a PAC gene (CaPsy-2A-PaCrtI) cassette to previously impart β-carotene-enriched trait in rice endosperm. The single T-DNA vectors of B-PAC, stB-PAC, BAK-PAC and stBAK-PAC resulted in the accumulation of zeaxanthin and astaxanthin in the endosperm of the transgenic rice seeds. In addition, an extended version on the carotenoid pathway was introduced into rice to allow the production of capsanthin, by intercrossing a B-PAC rice line with a Ccs rice line, which harbors a Capsicum capsanthin-capsorubin synthase gene. Ultimately, we developed three functional rice varieties: B-PAC (0.8 μg/g zeaxanthin, deep yellow), stBAK-PAC (1.4 μg/g ketocarotenoids, including astaxanthin, pinkish red) and B-PAC x Ccs (0.4 μg/g of ketoxanthophylls, including capsanthin, orange-red) with the similar levels of total carotenoids to PAC rice, suggesting the capacity was dependent on β-carotene levels. Collectively, a combination of genetic engineering and conventional breeding is effective for multi-step metabolic engineering and biochemical pathway extension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hwa Ha
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Sol Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung You
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hyung Lim
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Avalos J, Bonet ML, Boronat A, Gomez-Gomez L, Hornero-Mendez D, Limon MC, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Palou A, Ribot J, Rodrigo MJ, Zacarias L, Zhu C. A global perspective on carotenoids: Metabolism, biotechnology, and benefits for nutrition and health. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 70:62-93. [PMID: 29679619 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid compounds synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms and some non-photosynthetic prokaryotes and fungi. With some notable exceptions, animals (including humans) do not produce carotenoids de novo but take them in their diets. In photosynthetic systems carotenoids are essential for photoprotection against excess light and contribute to light harvesting, but perhaps they are best known for their properties as natural pigments in the yellow to red range. Carotenoids can be associated to fatty acids, sugars, proteins, or other compounds that can change their physical and chemical properties and influence their biological roles. Furthermore, oxidative cleavage of carotenoids produces smaller molecules such as apocarotenoids, some of which are important pigments and volatile (aroma) compounds. Enzymatic breakage of carotenoids can also produce biologically active molecules in both plants (hormones, retrograde signals) and animals (retinoids). Both carotenoids and their enzymatic cleavage products are associated with other processes positively impacting human health. Carotenoids are widely used in the industry as food ingredients, feed additives, and supplements. This review, contributed by scientists of complementary disciplines related to carotenoid research, covers recent advances and provides a perspective on future directions on the subjects of carotenoid metabolism, biotechnology, and nutritional and health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Avalos
- Department of Genetics, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - M Luisa Bonet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Albert Boronat
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gomez-Gomez
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Damaso Hornero-Mendez
- Department of Food Phytochemistry, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - M Carmen Limon
- Department of Genetics, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio J Meléndez-Martínez
- Food Color & Quality Laboratory, Area of Nutrition & Food Science, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joan Ribot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria J Rodrigo
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Zacarias
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sun T, Yuan H, Cao H, Yazdani M, Tadmor Y, Li L. Carotenoid Metabolism in Plants: The Role of Plastids. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:58-74. [PMID: 28958604 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are indispensable to plants and critical in human diets. Plastids are the organelles for carotenoid biosynthesis and storage in plant cells. They exist in various types, which include proplastids, etioplasts, chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and chromoplasts. These plastids have dramatic differences in their capacity to synthesize and sequester carotenoids. Clearly, plastids play a central role in governing carotenogenic activity, carotenoid stability, and pigment diversity. Understanding of carotenoid metabolism and accumulation in various plastids expands our view on the multifaceted regulation of carotenogenesis and facilitates our efforts toward developing nutrient-enriched food crops. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of various types of plastids on carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation, and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory control of carotenogenesis and metabolic engineering of carotenoids in light of plastid types in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhu Sun
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hui Yuan
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hongbo Cao
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Mohammad Yazdani
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yaakov Tadmor
- Plant Science Institute, Israeli Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Yaar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishai 30095, Israel
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Engineering of tomato for the sustainable production of ketocarotenoids and its evaluation in aquaculture feed. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10876-10881. [PMID: 28973873 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708349114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketocarotenoids are high-value pigments used commercially across multiple industrial sectors as colorants and supplements. Chemical synthesis using petrochemical-derived precursors remains the production method of choice. Aquaculture is an example where ketocarotenoid supplementation of feed is necessary to achieve product viability. The biosynthesis of ketocarotenoids, such as canthaxanthin, phoenicoxanthin, or astaxanthin in plants is rare. In the present study, complex engineering of the carotenoid pathway has been performed to produce high-value ketocarotenoids in tomato fruit (3.0 mg/g dry weight). The strategy adopted involved pathway extension beyond β-carotene through the expression of the β-carotene hydroxylase (CrtZ) and oxyxgenase (CrtW) from Brevundimonas sp. in tomato fruit, followed by β-carotene enhancement through the introgression of a lycopene β-cyclase (β-Cyc) allele from a Solanum galapagense background. Detailed biochemical analysis, carried out using chromatographic, UV/VIS, and MS approaches, identified the predominant carotenoid as fatty acid (C14:0 and C16:0) esters of phoenicoxanthin, present in the S stereoisomer configuration. Under a field-like environment with low resource input, scalability was shown with the potential to deliver 23 kg of ketocarotenoid/hectare. To illustrate the potential of this "generally recognized as safe" material with minimal, low-energy bioprocessing, two independent aquaculture trials were performed. The plant-based feeds developed were more efficient than the synthetic feed to color trout flesh (up to twofold increase in the retention of the main ketocarotenoids in the fish fillets). This achievement has the potential to create a new paradigm in the renewable production of economically competitive feed additives for the aquaculture industry and beyond.
Collapse
|
24
|
Berman J, Zorrilla-López U, Medina V, Farré G, Sandmann G, Capell T, Christou P, Zhu C. The Arabidopsis ORANGE (AtOR) gene promotes carotenoid accumulation in transgenic corn hybrids derived from parental lines with limited carotenoid pools. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:933-945. [PMID: 28314904 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The AtOR gene enhances carotenoid levels in corn by promoting the formation of plastoglobuli when the carotenoid pool is limited, but has no further effect when carotenoids are already abundant. The cauliflower orange (or) gene mutation influences carotenoid accumulation in plants by promoting the transition of proplastids into chromoplasts, thus creating intracellular storage compartments that act as metabolic sink. We overexpressed the Arabidopsis OR gene under the control of the endosperm-specific wheat LMW glutenin promoter in a white corn variety that normally accumulates only trace amounts of carotenoids. The total endosperm carotenoid content in the best-performing AtOR transgenic corn line was 32-fold higher than wild-type controls (~25 µg/g DW at 30 days after pollination) but the principal carotenoids remained the same, suggesting that AtOR increases the abundance of existing carotenoids without changing the metabolic composition. We analyzed the expression of endogenous genes representing the carotenoid biosynthesis and MEP pathways, as well as the plastid fusion/translocation factor required for chromoplast formation, but only the DXS1 gene was upregulated in the transgenic corn plants. The line expressing AtOR at the highest level was crossed with four transgenic corn lines expressing different carotenogenic genes and accumulating different carotenoids. The introgression of AtOR increased the carotenoid content of the hybrids when there was a limited carotenoid pool in the parental line, but had no effect when carotenoids were already abundant in the parent. The AtOR gene therefore appears to enhance carotenoid levels by promoting the formation of carotenoid-sequestering plastoglobuli when the carotenoid pool is limited, but has no further effect when carotenoids are already abundant because high levels of carotenoids can induce the formation of carotenoid-sequestering plastoglobuli even in the absence of AtOR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Berman
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Uxue Zorrilla-López
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Vicente Medina
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gemma Farré
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gerhard Sandmann
- Biosynthesis Group, Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität, 60054, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Teresa Capell
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Provitamin A biofortification of crop plants: a gold rush with many miners. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 44:169-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
26
|
Moreno JA, Díaz-Gómez J, Nogareda C, Angulo E, Sandmann G, Portero-Otin M, Serrano JCE, Twyman RM, Capell T, Zhu C, Christou P. The distribution of carotenoids in hens fed on biofortified maize is influenced by feed composition, absorption, resource allocation and storage. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35346. [PMID: 27739479 PMCID: PMC5064355 DOI: 10.1038/srep35346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are important dietary nutrients with health-promoting effects. The biofortification of staple foods with carotenoids provides an efficient delivery strategy but little is known about the fate and distribution of carotenoids supplied in this manner. The chicken provides a good model of human carotenoid metabolism so we supplemented the diets of laying hens using two biofortified maize varieties with distinct carotenoid profiles and compared the fate of the different carotenoids in terms of distribution in the feed, the hen's livers and the eggs. We found that after a period of depletion, pro-vitamin A (PVA) carotenoids were preferentially diverted to the liver and relatively depleted in the eggs, whereas other carotenoids were transported to the eggs even when the liver remained depleted. When retinol was included in the diet, it accumulated more in the eggs than the livers, whereas PVA carotenoids showed the opposite profile. Our data suggest that a transport nexus from the intestinal lumen to the eggs introduces bottlenecks that cause chemically-distinct classes of carotenoids to be partitioned in different ways. This nexus model will allow us to optimize animal feed and human diets to ensure that the health benefits of carotenoids are delivered in the most effective manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Moreno
- Department of Animal Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Joana Díaz-Gómez
- Department of Animal Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Department of Food Technology, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Carmina Nogareda
- Department of Animal Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Eduardo Angulo
- Department of Animal Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Gerhard Sandmann
- Biosynthesis Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, J. W. Goethe University, Max-v-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida–Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - José C. E. Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida–Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Capell
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Comas J, Benfeitas R, Vilaprinyo E, Sorribas A, Solsona F, Farré G, Berman J, Zorrilla U, Capell T, Sandmann G, Zhu C, Christou P, Alves R. Identification of line-specific strategies for improving carotenoid production in synthetic maize through data-driven mathematical modeling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 87:455-471. [PMID: 27155093 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant synthetic biology is still in its infancy. However, synthetic biology approaches have been used to manipulate and improve the nutritional and health value of staple food crops such as rice, potato and maize. With current technologies, production yields of the synthetic nutrients are a result of trial and error, and systematic rational strategies to optimize those yields are still lacking. Here, we present a workflow that combines gene expression and quantitative metabolomics with mathematical modeling to identify strategies for increasing production yields of nutritionally important carotenoids in the seed endosperm synthesized through alternative biosynthetic pathways in synthetic lines of white maize, which is normally devoid of carotenoids. Quantitative metabolomics and gene expression data are used to create and fit parameters of mathematical models that are specific to four independent maize lines. Sensitivity analysis and simulation of each model is used to predict which gene activities should be further engineered in order to increase production yields for carotenoid accumulation in each line. Some of these predictions (e.g. increasing Zmlycb/Gllycb will increase accumulated β-carotenes) are valid across the four maize lines and consistent with experimental observations in other systems. Other predictions are line specific. The workflow is adaptable to any other biological system for which appropriate quantitative information is available. Furthermore, we validate some of the predictions using experimental data from additional synthetic maize lines for which no models were developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Comas
- Departament de Ciencies Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida IRBLLeida, Edifici de Recerca Biomédica I, Av Rovira Roure 80, Lleida, Catalunya, 25198, Spain
- Computer Science Department and INSPIRES, University of Lleida, Jaume II 69, Lleida, Catalunya, 25001, Spain
| | - Rui Benfeitas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-517, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-789, Portugal
| | - Ester Vilaprinyo
- Departament de Ciencies Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida IRBLLeida, Edifici de Recerca Biomédica I, Av Rovira Roure 80, Lleida, Catalunya, 25198, Spain
| | - Albert Sorribas
- Departament de Ciencies Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida IRBLLeida, Edifici de Recerca Biomédica I, Av Rovira Roure 80, Lleida, Catalunya, 25198, Spain
| | - Francesc Solsona
- Computer Science Department and INSPIRES, University of Lleida, Jaume II 69, Lleida, Catalunya, 25001, Spain
| | - Gemma Farré
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Judit Berman
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Uxue Zorrilla
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Teresa Capell
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Gerhard Sandmann
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, J. W. Goethe University, Max von Laue Strasse 9, Frankfurt am Main, D-60438, Germany
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rui Alves
- Departament de Ciencies Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida IRBLLeida, Edifici de Recerca Biomédica I, Av Rovira Roure 80, Lleida, Catalunya, 25198, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Engineered maize as a source of astaxanthin: processing and application as fish feed. Transgenic Res 2016; 25:785-793. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-9971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|