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Deep A, Grakh K, Vaishali, Kumar M, Gupta R, Mittal D, Kumar R, Jindal N. Molecular epidemiology, antibiogram profile and risk factor analysis of pathogenic Escherichia coli associated with pre-weaning diarrhoea in piglets from Haryana, India. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1793-1801. [PMID: 37738695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piglet diarrhoea is a multifactorial disease with serious implications for the swine industry worldwide, including India. The Escherichia coli (E. coli) pathotypes, i.e., enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are among the major bacterial agents attributed as causative agent for piglet diarrhoea, but studies related to genetic diversity, antibiogram profile and their correlation with risk factors of these pathogens are sparse. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 104 faecal swab samples were collected from 32 different piggery units of Haryana, India and confirmed as E. coli by standard microbiological methods. The identified E. coli were characterized as ETEC and/or STEC using PCR assays and were studied for their genetic diversity by phylogenetic analysis of the sequences. All the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Further, the correlation of variables with presence or absence of ETEC and/or STEC was also investigated by using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Microbiological isolation led to identification of 208 E. coli isolates. A total of 17.3% (31/208) isolates were characterized as ETEC and 4.8% (10/208) isolates as STEC, whereas 2.4% (5/208) isolates exhibited both ETEC and STEC pathotype. Of the total studied piggery units (n = 32), ETEC were isolated from fourteen and both ETEC and STEC from eight farms. The phylogenetic analysis of Stx2 gene revealed 100% homology with Stx2eA variant from Germany, while analysis of STII gene revealed a distinct nucleotide and amino acid substitution when compared with standard strains. The antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed maximum resistance to moxifloxacin (71.9%) followed by tetracycline (58.1%) and amoxicillin with a total of 41.8% (87/208) E. coli isolates designated as multi-drug resistant (MDR). The multiple antibiotic resistance index varied from 0.05 to 0.75. The statistical analysis suggested three factors viz., number of farm worker(s), frequency of using disinfectant for floor cleaning and use of antibiotic in feed as risk factors significantly associated (p < 0.05) with ETEC associated diarrhoea at piggeries under study. CONCLUSION Current study warrants a need for systematic studies on the ETEC/STEC associated diarrhea and antibiotic resistance among these isolates to understand the mechanisms of origin and dissemination of drug resistant pathogens and to design suitable prevention and control measures to curb emergence of antibiotic resistance in the farm settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Deep
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Kushal Grakh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Vaishali
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Manesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Renu Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Dinesh Mittal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, India.
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Rajkhowa S, Sonowal J, Borthakur U, Pegu SR, Deb R, Das PJ, Sengar GS, Gupta VK. Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Porcine Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens in India: A 13-Year (2010-2023) Study. Pathogens 2023; 12:1266. [PMID: 37887783 PMCID: PMC10610365 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of bacterial pathogens such as Brucella spp., Clostridium spp., E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus suis not only hampers pig production but also carries significant zoonotic implications. The present study aims to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis spanning over 13 years (2010-2023) to ascertain the prevalence of these zoonotic bacterial pathogens in Indian pig populations. The study seeks to synthesize data from diverse geographic regions within India and underscores the relevance of the One Health framework. A systematic search of electronic databases was meticulously performed. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies detailing zoonotic bacterial pathogen prevalence in pigs within India during the specified timeframe. Pertinent information including authors, publication year, geographical location, sampling techniques, sample sizes, and pathogen-positive case counts were meticulously extracted. The meta-analysis of zoonotic bacterial pathogens in Indian pig populations (2010-2023) unveiled varying prevalence rates: 9% Brucella spp., 22% Clostridium spp., 19% E. coli, 12% Listeria monocytogenes, 10% Salmonella spp. and Streptococcus suis, and 24% Staphylococcus spp. The application of random effects further revealed additional variability: 6% Brucella spp., 23% Clostridium spp., 24% E. coli, 14% Listeria monocytogenes, 10% Salmonella spp. and Streptococcus suis, and 35% Staphylococcus spp. Notably, the observed heterogeneity (I2) varied significantly from 87% to 99%. The meta-analysis findings underscore the pervasive nature of these diseases throughout India's pig populations, accentuating the substantial impact of these pathogens on pig health and the potential for zoonotic transmission. The present study reinforces the importance of the adoption of a comprehensive One Health approach that acknowledges the intricate interplay between animal, human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaraj Rajkhowa
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, Assam, India; (J.S.); (S.R.P.); (R.D.); (P.J.D.); (G.S.S.); (V.K.G.)
| | - Joyshikh Sonowal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, Assam, India; (J.S.); (S.R.P.); (R.D.); (P.J.D.); (G.S.S.); (V.K.G.)
| | - Udipta Borthakur
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department, Guwahati 781003, Assam, India;
| | - Seema Rani Pegu
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, Assam, India; (J.S.); (S.R.P.); (R.D.); (P.J.D.); (G.S.S.); (V.K.G.)
| | - Rajib Deb
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, Assam, India; (J.S.); (S.R.P.); (R.D.); (P.J.D.); (G.S.S.); (V.K.G.)
| | - Pranab Jyoti Das
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, Assam, India; (J.S.); (S.R.P.); (R.D.); (P.J.D.); (G.S.S.); (V.K.G.)
| | - Gyanendra Singh Sengar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, Assam, India; (J.S.); (S.R.P.); (R.D.); (P.J.D.); (G.S.S.); (V.K.G.)
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, Assam, India; (J.S.); (S.R.P.); (R.D.); (P.J.D.); (G.S.S.); (V.K.G.)
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Singha S, Thomas R, Viswakarma JN, Gupta VK. Foodborne illnesses of Escherichia coli O157origin and its control measures. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:1274-1283. [PMID: 36936116 PMCID: PMC10020406 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses are leading source of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing nations. Escherichia coli O157 is one of the most reported foodborne pathogen that emerged in the past few decades. South East Asia region suffers the highest average burden of diarrhoeal mortality, especially when it comes to child mortality.Query Many studies were undertaken in the developed nations to evaluate the role of E. coli O157 as one of the etiological agent in foodborne outbreaks. In this article, we discuss the distribution of E. coli O157 serotype in the food chains of South East Asian countries, with a special focus on India where more than half a million child diarrhoeal deaths occurs every year and the reasons for which is often not ascertained to the fullest extent. The article also describes in detail about the various detection methods and control measures with respect to E. coli O157. The aim of this study is to document and highlight the extent of Foodborne infections of E. coli O157 origin and thereby taking effective and proactive preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songeeta Singha
- Food Quality Control Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam 781131 India
| | - Rajendran Thomas
- Food Quality Control Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam 781131 India
| | - Jai Narain Viswakarma
- Assam Don Bosco University, Tapesia Gardens, Kamarkuchi, Sonapur, Assam 782402 India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Food Quality Control Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam 781131 India
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Zhang P, Essendoubi S, Keenliside J, Reuter T, Stanford K, King R, Lu P, Yang X. Genomic analysis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from cattle and pork-production related environments. NPJ Sci Food 2021; 5:15. [PMID: 34210979 PMCID: PMC8249597 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-021-00097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Three E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks have been attributed to contaminated pork in Alberta, Canada, recently. This study investigates the phylogenetic relatedness of E. coli O157:H7 from pigs, cattle, and pork-production environments for source attribution. Limited strain diversity was observed using five conventional subtyping methods, with most or all strains being in one subgroup. Whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis confirmed the recent ancestry of the isolates from all three sources. Most environmental isolates clustered closer with pig isolates than cattle isolates. Also, a direct link was observed between 2018-outbreak environmental isolates and isolates collected from a pig farm in 2018. The majority of pig isolates harbor only one Shiga toxin gene, stx2a, while 70% (35/50) of the cattle isolates have both stx1a and stx2a. The results show some E. coli O157:H7 strains could establish persistence on pig farms and as such, pigs can be a significant source of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- grid.55614.330000 0001 1302 4958Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta Canada
| | | | | | - Tim Reuter
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, Alberta Canada ,grid.47609.3c0000 0000 9471 0214University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta Canada
| | - Kim Stanford
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, Alberta Canada ,grid.47609.3c0000 0000 9471 0214University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta Canada
| | - Robin King
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Patricia Lu
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Xianqin Yang
- grid.55614.330000 0001 1302 4958Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta Canada
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SANJUKTA RK, SURMANI H, MANDAKINI RK, MILTON AAP, DAS S, PURO K, GHATAK S, SHAKUNTALA I, SEN A. Characterization of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli strains from healthy swine herds of north-eastern India. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i6.91104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fecal samples (225) from apparently healthy pigs were analysed for E. coli isolation. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates (42) were identified from 225 E. coli isolates. Forty isolates exhibited extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) phenotype harbouring single to multiple-sized plasmids (1 kb to ≥ 25 kb). Overall blaTEM (85.7%) was the commonest genotype, followed by blaCTX-M (61.9%), blaOXA (17%) and blaSHV was not recovered. Other antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs) identified were sul2 (100%), strA (95.2%), tetA (92.9%), sul1 (76%), aadA (71.4%), tetB (50%), cat (42.9%) and aac(3)IV (26.2%). Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) positive strains totalled to 59.5% for qnrB, 19.04% for qnrS but qnrA was not detected. Integron genes were detected either singly or combined: intI1 (76.2%), intI2 (26.2%). Conjugation experiment was successful for 4 ESBL producers. The present study detected higher carriage of ESBL producing E. coli in pigs, and highlights the dominance of resistance and integron genes circulating in MDR E. coli from swine of northeast India, posing a threat of horizontal gene transfer.
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Nirupama KR, O R VK, Pruthvishree BS, Sinha DK, Murugan MS, Krishnaswamy N, Singh BR. Molecular characterisation of bla OXA-48 carbapenemase-, extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from farm piglets in India. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 13:201-205. [PMID: 29408382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterise carbapenemase-, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from farm piglets in India. METHODS Faecal samples (n=741) from 10 organised pig farms, including non-diarrhoeic (n=546) and diarrhoeic (n=195) piglets, were processed for isolation of carbapenem-resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli. RESULTS A total of 27 and 243 isolates were phenotypically confirmed as carbapenem-resistant and ESBL-producers, respectively. The meropenem minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of carbapenem-resistant isolates ranged from 8-128μg/mL. On genotypic screening of the 27 carbapenem-resistant isolates, 3 isolates were positive for the blaOXA-48 carbapenemase gene; no other carbapenemase genes were detected. The 243 ESBL-producing isolates were positive for blaCTX-M-1 (n=135), qnrA (n=92), qnrB (n=112), qnrS (n=49), tetA (n=42), tetB (n=45) and sul1 (n=43). The Shiga toxin virulence markers stx1 and stx2 were detected in 41 and 38 of the 243 phenotypic ESBL-producing isolates, respectively. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of blaOXA-48-positive E. coli isolates showed ST10- and ST5053-like sequence types. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the presence of blaOXA-48-carrying E. coli in piglets in India, which pose a potential risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Nirupama
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Vinodh Kumar O R
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India.
| | - B S Pruthvishree
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - D K Sinha
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - M Senthil Murugan
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Narayanan Krishnaswamy
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - B R Singh
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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Tran THT, Everaert N, Bindelle J. Review on the effects of potential prebiotics on controlling intestinal enteropathogens Salmonella and Escherichia coli in pig production. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 102:17-32. [PMID: 28028851 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotypes (Salmonella sp.) are the second cause of bacterial foodborne zoonoses in humans after campylobacteriosis. Pork is the third most important cause for outbreak-associated salmonellosis, and colibacillosis is the most important disease in piglets and swine. Attachment to host cells, translocation of effector proteins into host cells, invasion and replication in tissues are the vital virulence steps of these pathogens that help them to thrive in the intestinal environment and invade tissues. Feed contamination is an important source for Salmonella infection in pig production. Many on-farm feeding strategies intervene to avoid the introduction of pathogens onto the farm by contaminated feeds or to reduce infection pressure when pathogens are present. Among the latter, prebiotics could be effective at protecting against these enteric bacterial pathogens. Nowadays, a wide range of molecules can potentially serve as prebiotics. Here, we summarize the prevalence of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli in pigs, understanding of the mechanisms by which pathogens can cause disease, the feed related to pathogen contamination in pigs and detail the mechanisms on which prebiotics are likely to act in order to fulfil their protective action against these pathogens in pig production. Many different mechanisms involve the inhibition of Salmonella and E. coli by prebiotics such as coating the host surface, modulation of intestinal ecology, downregulating the expression of adhesin factors or virulence genes, reinforcing the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H T Tran
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium.,AgricultureIsLife, TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - N Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium.,AgricultureIsLife, TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - J Bindelle
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium.,AgricultureIsLife, TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
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8
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Ercoli L, Farneti S, Zicavo A, Mencaroni G, Blasi G, Striano G, Scuota S. Prevalence and characteristics of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs and pork products in Umbria and Marche regions of Italy. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 232:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wyrsch ER, Roy Chowdhury P, Chapman TA, Charles IG, Hammond JM, Djordjevic SP. Genomic Microbial Epidemiology Is Needed to Comprehend the Global Problem of Antibiotic Resistance and to Improve Pathogen Diagnosis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:843. [PMID: 27379026 PMCID: PMC4908116 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of waste effluent from hospitals and intensive food animal production with antimicrobial residues is an immense global problem. Antimicrobial residues exert selection pressures that influence the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in diverse microbial populations. Despite these concerns there is only a limited understanding of how antimicrobial residues contribute to the global problem of antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, rapid detection of emerging bacterial pathogens and strains with resistance to more than one antibiotic class remains a challenge. A comprehensive, sequence-based genomic epidemiological surveillance model that captures essential microbial metadata is needed, both to improve surveillance for antimicrobial resistance and to monitor pathogen evolution. Escherichia coli is an important pathogen causing both intestinal [intestinal pathogenic E. coli (IPEC)] and extraintestinal [extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC)] disease in humans and food animals. ExPEC are the most frequently isolated Gram negative pathogen affecting human health, linked to food production practices and are often resistant to multiple antibiotics. Cattle are a known reservoir of IPEC but they are not recognized as a source of ExPEC that impact human or animal health. In contrast, poultry are a recognized source of multiple antibiotic resistant ExPEC, while swine have received comparatively less attention in this regard. Here, we review what is known about ExPEC in swine and how pig production contributes to the problem of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan R Wyrsch
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Piklu Roy Chowdhury
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, SydneyNSW, Australia; NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, SydneyNSW, Australia
| | - Toni A Chapman
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Ian G Charles
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park Norwich, UK
| | - Jeffrey M Hammond
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
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Wang J, Stanford K, McAllister TA, Johnson RP, Chen J, Hou H, Zhang G, Niu YD. Biofilm Formation, Virulence Gene Profiles, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Nine Serogroups of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin–ProducingEscherichia coli. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:316-24. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kim Stanford
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Roger P. Johnson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongman Hou
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Gongliang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan D. Niu
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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Iwu CJ, Iweriebor BC, Obi LC, Okoh AI. Occurrence of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in two commercial swine farms in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 44:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Herrero-Fresno A, Zachariasen C, Hansen MH, Nielsen A, Hendriksen RS, Nielsen SS, Olsen JE. Apramycin treatment affects selection and spread of a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strain able to colonize the human gut in the intestinal microbiota of pigs. Vet Res 2016; 47:12. [PMID: 26739225 PMCID: PMC4704421 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of apramycin treatment on transfer and selection of an Escherichia coli strain (E. coli 912) in the intestine of pigs was analyzed through an in vivo experiment. The strain was sequenced and assigned to the sequence type ST101 and serotype O11. It carried resistance genes to apramycin/gentamicin, sulphonamide, tetracycline, hygromycin B, β-lactams and streptomycin [aac(3)-IV, sul2, tet(X), aph(4), blaTEM-1 and strA/B], with all but tet(X) located on the same conjugative plasmid. Nineteen pigs were randomly allocated into two inoculation groups, one treated with apramycin (pen 2) and one non-treated (pen 3), along with a non-inoculated control group (pen 1). Two pigs of pen 2 and 3 were inoculated intragastrically with a rifampicin resistant variant of the strain. Apramycin treatment in pen 2 was initiated immediately after inoculation. Strain colonization was assessed in the feces from all pigs. E. coli 912 was shown to spread to non-inoculated pigs in both groups. The selective effect did not persist beyond 3 days post-treatment, and the strain was not detected from this time point in pen 2. We demonstrated that E. coli 912 was able to spread between pigs in the same pen irrespective of treatment, and apramycin treatment resulted in significantly higher counts compared to the non-treated group. This represents the first demonstration of how antimicrobial treatment affects spread of resistant bacteria in pig production. The use of apramycin may lead to enhanced spread of gentamicin-resistant E. coli. Since gentamicin is a first-choice drug for human bacteremia, this is of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Herrero-Fresno
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Camilla Zachariasen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Monica Hegstad Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Alexander Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Rene S Hendriksen
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance in Food-borne Pathogens and EU Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Søren Saxmose Nielsen
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - John Elmerdahl Olsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Approaches to characterize extended spectrum beta-lactamase/beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in healthy organized vis-a-vis backyard farmed pigs in India. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 36:224-230. [PMID: 26423671 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence and to characterize the ESBL/beta-lactamase producing-Escherichia coli in healthy pigs of organized and backyard farms in West Bengal, India. Total 200 rectal swabs were collected randomly from healthy pigs maintained in four organized farms and 10 backyard farms (n=100 each) and 76 isolates were identified as E. coli from organized (48/100, 48%) and backyard pigs (28/100, 28%). Twelve E. coli isolates (6%) in the present study were detected to possess any of the ESBL/beta-lactamase genes studied. ESBL/beta-lactamase producers were isolated with significantly more frequency from backyard pigs than the organized farm pigs (p=0.026). Six of ESBL/beta-lactamase producing isolates were phenotypically confirmed as CTX-M producers and ten of them were confirmed as TEM/SHV producers. PCR and sequencing of the amplified product from representative isolates revealed the presence of blaCTX-M-9, blaSHV-12 and blaTEM-1. No unique combination of the studied beta lactamase genes for organized and backyard farm pig isolates was noted. The ESBL isolates belonged to O13, O55, O133, O153, O157, O158, O166, rough and OUT serogroups. The association of heat labile toxin (elt) (p<0.0005) with organized farm isolates and heat stable toxin (estA) (p=0.0143) with backyard piggery sector was significantly higher. The ESBL/beta-lactamase producers from organized farm (Ak/Ex) and indigenous pigs (Ak/Ex/Te; Ak/CoT/G) showed a characteristic phenotypical antibiotic resistance pattern. Two pairs of isolates from organized and backyard farm pigs showed clonal relationship indicating a possible transmission between the farms which were situated adjacently. Thus the present study revealed backyard farm pigs as major source of ESBL/beta-lactamase producing-E. coli associated with STa and characteristic antibiotic resistance pattern in India.
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Ercoli L, Farneti S, Ranucci D, Scuota S, Branciari R. Role of Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia Coli in the Swine Production Chain. Ital J Food Saf 2015; 4:5156. [PMID: 27800398 PMCID: PMC5076656 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2015.5156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) can cause severe clinical diseases in humans, such as haemorrhagic colitis (HC) and haemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Although ruminants, primarily cattle, have been suggested as typical reservoirs of STEC, many food products of other origins, including pork products, have been confirmed as vehicles for STEC transmission. Only in rare cases, pork consumption is associated with severe clinical symptoms caused by high pathogenic STEC strains. However, in these outbreaks, it is unknown whether the contamination of food products occurs during swine processing or via cross-contamination from foodstuffs of different sources. In swine, STEC plays an important role in the pathogenesis of oedema disease. In particular a Shiga toxin subtype, named stx2e, it is considered as a key factor involved in the damage of swine endothelial cells. On the contrary, stx2e-producing Escherichia coli has rarely been isolated in humans, and usually only from asymptomatic carriers or from patients with mild symptoms, such as uncomplicated diarrhoea. In fact, the presence of gene stx2e, encoding for stx2e, has rarely been reported in STEC strains that cause HUS. Moreover, stx2e-producing STEC isolated from humans and pigs were found to differ in serogroup, their virulence profile and interaction with intestinal epithelial cells. Because of the limited epidemiologic data of STEC in swine and the increasing role of non-O157 STEC in human illnesses, the relationship between swine STEC and human disease needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ercoli
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Umbria and Marche, Perugia
| | - Silvana Farneti
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Umbria and Marche, Perugia
| | - David Ranucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Scuota
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Umbria and Marche, Perugia
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