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Nguyen PN, Samad-Zada F, Chau KD, Rehan SM. Microbiome and floral associations of a wild bee using biodiversity survey collections. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16657. [PMID: 38817079 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The health of bees can be assessed through their microbiome, which serves as a biomarker indicating the presence of both beneficial and harmful microorganisms within a bee community. This study presents the characterisation of the bacterial, fungal, and plant composition on the cuticle of adult bicoloured sweat bees (Agapostemon virescens). These bees were collected using various methods such as pan traps, blue vane traps and sweep netting across the northern extent of their habitat range. Non-destructive methods were employed to extract DNA from the whole pinned specimens of these wild bees. Metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA, ITS and rbcL regions was then performed. The study found that the method of collection influenced the detection of certain microbial and plant taxa. Among the collection methods, sweep net samples showed the lowest fungal alpha diversity. However, minor differences in bacterial or fungal beta diversity suggest that no single method is significantly superior to others. Therefore, a combination of techniques can cater to a broader spectrum of microbial detection. The study also revealed regional variations in bacterial, fungal and plant diversity. The core microbiome of A. virescens comprises two bacteria, three fungi and a plant association, all of which are commonly detected in other wild bees. These core microbes remained consistent across different collection methods and locations. Further extensive studies of wild bee microbiomes across various species and landscapes will help uncover crucial relationships between pollinator health and their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong N Nguyen
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Katherine D Chau
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra M Rehan
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Li M, Masri S, Chiu CH, Sun Y, Wu J. Mapping wild vascular plant species diversity in urban areas in California using crowdsourcing data by regression kriging: Examining socioeconomic disparities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166995. [PMID: 37717761 PMCID: PMC10947671 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity is crucial for human health, but previous methods of measuring biodiversity require intensive resources and have other limitations. Crowdsourced datasets from citizen scientists offer a cost-effective solution for characterizing biodiversity on a large spatial scale. This study has two aims: 1) to generate fine-resolution plant species diversity maps in California urban areas using crowdsourced data and extrapolation methods; and 2) to examine their associations with sociodemographic factors and identify subpopulations with low biodiversity exposure. We used iNaturalist observations from 2019 to 2022 to calculate species diversity metrics by exploring the sampling completeness in a 5 × 5-km2 grid and then computing species diversity metrics for grid cells with at least 80 % sample completeness (841 out of 4755 grid cells). A generalized additive model with ordinary kriging (GAM OK) provided moderately reliable estimates, with correlations of 0.64-0.66 between observed and extrapolated metrics, relative mean absolute errors of 21 %-23 %, and relative root mean squared errors of 27 %-30 % for grid cells with ≥80 % sample completeness from 10-fold cross-validation. GAM OK was further applied to extrapolate species diversity metrics from saturated grid cells (N = 841) to the remaining grid cells with <80 % sample completeness (N = 3914) and generate diversity maps that cover the grid. Further, generalized linear mixed models were used to examine the associations between species diversity and sociodemographic indicators at census tract level. The wild vascular plant species diversity metrics were inversely associated with neighborhood socioeconomic status (i.e., unemployment, linguistic isolation, educational attainment, and poverty rate). Minority populations (i.e., African American, Asian American, and Hispanic) and children had significantly lower diversity exposure in their neighborhoods. Crowdsourcing data offers a cost-effective solution for characterizing large-scale biodiversity in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Li
- Department of Disease Prevention, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shahir Masri
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Huo Chiu
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Marcacci G, Westphal C, Rao VS, Kumar S S, Tharini KB, Belavadi VV, Nölke N, Tscharntke T, Grass I. Urbanization alters the spatiotemporal dynamics of plant-pollinator networks in a tropical megacity. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1951-1962. [PMID: 37858984 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization is a major driver of biodiversity change but how it interacts with spatial and temporal gradients to influence the dynamics of plant-pollinator networks is poorly understood, especially in tropical urbanization hotspots. Here, we analysed the drivers of environmental, spatial and temporal turnover of plant-pollinator interactions (interaction β-diversity) along an urbanization gradient in Bengaluru, a South Indian megacity. The compositional turnover of plant-pollinator interactions differed more between seasons and with local urbanization intensity than with spatial distance, suggesting that seasonality and environmental filtering were more important than dispersal limitation for explaining plant-pollinator interaction β-diversity. Furthermore, urbanization amplified the seasonal dynamics of plant-pollinator interactions, with stronger temporal turnover in urban compared to rural sites, driven by greater turnover of native non-crop plant species (not managed by people). Our study demonstrates that environmental, spatial and temporal gradients interact to shape the dynamics of plant-pollinator networks and urbanization can strongly amplify these dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Marcacci
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vikas S Rao
- Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
| | - Shabarish Kumar S
- Department of Apiculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
| | - K B Tharini
- Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
| | - Vasuki V Belavadi
- Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
| | - Nils Nölke
- Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Grass
- Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Deschamps-Cottin M, Jacek G, Seguinel L, Le Champion C, Robles C, Ternisien M, Duque C, Vila B. A 12-Year Experimental Design to Test the Recovery of Butterfly Biodiversity in an Urban Ecosystem: Lessons from the Parc Urbain des Papillons. INSECTS 2023; 14:780. [PMID: 37887792 PMCID: PMC10607803 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization is one of the main threats to biodiversity. However, some urban green spaces could act as refuges for urban fauna if the composition of the flora were less horticultural and if a less intensive management strategy is adopted. Among the taxa, butterflies are experiencing a strong decline from European to regional scales. An ecological engineering project based on a plantation of host and nectariferous plants backed up by a well thought out management strategy was carried out in Marseille at the Parc Urbain des Papillons (the Butterflies Urban Park). We assessed its effectiveness by comparing the butterfly communities in this park before and after the engineering work, and we compared it to a neighboring wasteland with natural habitats. After 12 years of the project, the results show a significant change in the species composition. The species richness greatly increased from 25 to 42 species. Some specialist species we targeted appeared, and their numbers increased from one to five. However, three Mediterranean species are still absent compared to the wasteland with natural habitats. As the plant palette used and the management strategy implemented enabled us to significantly increase the number of species, we now plan to work on the structure of the vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Deschamps-Cottin
- Laboratoire Population Environnement Développement, Faculté des Sciences, Campus Saint-Charles, Aix Marseille University, IRD, 3 Place Victor-Hugo, CEDEX 3, 13331 Marseille, France; (G.J.); (L.S.); (C.L.C.); (C.R.); (M.T.); (C.D.); (B.V.)
| | - Guillaume Jacek
- Laboratoire Population Environnement Développement, Faculté des Sciences, Campus Saint-Charles, Aix Marseille University, IRD, 3 Place Victor-Hugo, CEDEX 3, 13331 Marseille, France; (G.J.); (L.S.); (C.L.C.); (C.R.); (M.T.); (C.D.); (B.V.)
- Laboratoire Géoarchitecture, Territoires, Urbanisation, Biodiversité, Environnement, Université de Bretagne Occidentale CS93837, CEDEX 3, F-29238 Brest, France
| | - Louise Seguinel
- Laboratoire Population Environnement Développement, Faculté des Sciences, Campus Saint-Charles, Aix Marseille University, IRD, 3 Place Victor-Hugo, CEDEX 3, 13331 Marseille, France; (G.J.); (L.S.); (C.L.C.); (C.R.); (M.T.); (C.D.); (B.V.)
| | - Clémentine Le Champion
- Laboratoire Population Environnement Développement, Faculté des Sciences, Campus Saint-Charles, Aix Marseille University, IRD, 3 Place Victor-Hugo, CEDEX 3, 13331 Marseille, France; (G.J.); (L.S.); (C.L.C.); (C.R.); (M.T.); (C.D.); (B.V.)
| | - Christine Robles
- Laboratoire Population Environnement Développement, Faculté des Sciences, Campus Saint-Charles, Aix Marseille University, IRD, 3 Place Victor-Hugo, CEDEX 3, 13331 Marseille, France; (G.J.); (L.S.); (C.L.C.); (C.R.); (M.T.); (C.D.); (B.V.)
| | - Mélanie Ternisien
- Laboratoire Population Environnement Développement, Faculté des Sciences, Campus Saint-Charles, Aix Marseille University, IRD, 3 Place Victor-Hugo, CEDEX 3, 13331 Marseille, France; (G.J.); (L.S.); (C.L.C.); (C.R.); (M.T.); (C.D.); (B.V.)
| | - Chloé Duque
- Laboratoire Population Environnement Développement, Faculté des Sciences, Campus Saint-Charles, Aix Marseille University, IRD, 3 Place Victor-Hugo, CEDEX 3, 13331 Marseille, France; (G.J.); (L.S.); (C.L.C.); (C.R.); (M.T.); (C.D.); (B.V.)
| | - Bruno Vila
- Laboratoire Population Environnement Développement, Faculté des Sciences, Campus Saint-Charles, Aix Marseille University, IRD, 3 Place Victor-Hugo, CEDEX 3, 13331 Marseille, France; (G.J.); (L.S.); (C.L.C.); (C.R.); (M.T.); (C.D.); (B.V.)
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Adamu Z, Hardy O, Natapov A. The Impact of Greenspace, Walking, and Cycling on the Health of Urban Residents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study of London. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6360. [PMID: 37510592 PMCID: PMC10379965 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Vulnerability to COVID-19 has been linked to public health issues like obesity and physical fitness, which consecutively can be linked to access to urban greenspace. However, the value of greenspaces remains contentious in the literature and unclear in practice. In view of very high COVID-19 mortality rates, we use data from London boroughs to explore the impact of green infrastructure in terms of the size, accessibility, and support of physical activity and healthy lifestyles (e.g., walking and cycling). Results show no significant relationship between the availability of greenspace and the probability of being obese or dying from COVID-19. Cycling once, thrice, or five times weekly was found to improve healthy weight, as does cycling once a month. However, the probability of dying from COVID-19 during lockdowns is correlated to the frequency of walking or cycling as a result of decreased social distancing, while the frequency of walking and cycling is determined by availability and access to greenspace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfikar Adamu
- School of The Built Environment and Architecture, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - Oliver Hardy
- School of The Built Environment and Architecture, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - Asya Natapov
- School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Sir Frank Gibb Building, RT 1.02, West Park, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
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Felderhoff J, Gathof AK, Buchholz S, Egerer M. Vegetation complexity and nesting resource availability predict bee diversity and functional traits in community gardens. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2759. [PMID: 36217895 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Urban gardens can support diverse bee communities through resource provision in resource poor environments. Yet the effects of local habitat and landscape factors on wild bee communities in cities is still insufficiently understood, nor is how this information could be applied to urban wildlife conservation. Here we investigate how taxonomic and functional diversity of wild bees and their traits in urban community gardens are related to garden factors and surrounding landscape factors (e.g., plant diversity, amount of bare ground, amount of nesting resources, amount of landscape imperviousness). Using active and passive methods in 18 community gardens in Berlin, Germany, we documented 26 genera and 102 species of bees. We found that higher plant species richness and plant diversity as well as higher amounts of deadwood in gardens leads to higher numbers of wild bee species and bee (functional) diversity. Furthermore, higher landscape imperviousness surrounding gardens correlates with more cavity nesting bees, whereas a higher amount of bare ground correlates with more ground-nesting bees. Pollen specialization was positively associated with plant diversity, but no factors strongly predicted the proportion of endangered bees. Our results suggest that, aside from foraging resources, nesting resources should be implemented in management for more pollinator-friendly gardens. If designed and managed using such evidence-based strategies, urban gardens can create valuable foraging and nesting habitats for taxonomically and functionally diverse bee communities in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anika K Gathof
- Department of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Buchholz
- Department of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Egerer
- Department of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Urban Productive Ecosystems, Department of Life Science Systems, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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