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Pisor A, Lansing JS, Magargal K. Climate change adaptation needs a science of culture. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220390. [PMID: 37718608 PMCID: PMC10505856 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is global consensus that we must immediately prioritize climate change adaptation-change in response to or anticipation of risks from climate change. Some researchers and policymakers urge 'transformative change', a complete break from past practices, yet report having little data on whether new practices reduce the risks communities face, even over the short term. However, researchers have some leads: human communities have long generated solutions to changing climate, and scientists who study culture have examples of effective and persistent solutions. This theme issue discusses cultural adaptation to climate change, and in this paper, we review how processes of biological adaptation, including innovation, modification, selective retention and transmission, shape the landscapes decision-makers care about-from which solutions emerge in communities, to the spread of effective adaptations, to regional or global collective action. We introduce a comprehensive portal of data and models on cultural adaptation to climate change, and we outline ways forward. This article is part of the theme issue 'Climate change adaptation needs a science of culture'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Pisor
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-1009, USA
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
| | - J. Stephen Lansing
- Santa Fe Institute, NM87506, USA
- Complexity Science Hub, 1080 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kate Magargal
- Environmental and Sustainability Studies, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA
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[Black] Teachers Resisting Damaged-Centered Research: Community Listening Exchanges as a Reciprocal Research Tool in a Gentrifying City. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci11020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentrification impacts many cities across the nation. Affordable housing task forces and legislation meant to address housing inequities are becoming more common, yet the authentic experiences of those affected are often unacknowledged. Absent from the discussion of gentrification are the voices of those deeply impacted, some who are at the center of the work to maintain communities: Black teachers, Black students, and Black families. In many school districts, teachers do not have the opportunity to address the systemic issues that impact their students and communities. Still, it is impossible to ignore the ways societal injustice seeps into the classroom. This article discusses our work as a teacher participatory action research collective exploring the intersection of housing and educational displacement in a rapidly gentrifying community in Southwest Atlanta, Georgia. We highlight our roles as community-centered educators and detail how we intentionally and thoughtfully worked to create a reciprocal space to engage communities in Community Listening Exchanges. We present Community Listening Exchanges as a justice-centered innovation to community-engaged research and scholarship. Our critical and collaborative approach to generating and analyzing data allowed us to uncover how housing and educational displacement relies on deficit narratives to justify the removal of marginalized people. We offer CLEs as a reciprocal research tool that deviates from traditional qualitative research and resists anti-Black, damage-centered narratives.
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Teixeira S, Augsberger A, Richards-Schuster K, Sprague Martinez L. Participatory Research Approaches with Youth: Ethics, Engagement, and Meaningful Action. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 68:142-153. [PMID: 33811652 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript, we explore the promise and challenges of youth participatory action research (YPAR), paying particular attention to ethical issues and power dynamics that emerge in the context of research partnerships between youth and adults. We begin by reviewing the key tenets of YPAR and then go on to discuss how these tenets are often at odds with dominant approaches to research. We describe the tension between the values of YPAR and the systems and structures embedded in the academy. Further, we elucidate how adultism and the capitalist nature of the academy intersect with white supremacy culture, posing significant barriers to meaningful youth participation in community research partnerships. We then describe ways in which participatory scholars can disrupt these systems as well as larger paradigm shifts in the culture of academia that will be required to elevate youth voices and to amplify their efforts for equity.
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Pech AS, Valencia BG, Romero AJ. Reflections from novice youth participatory action researchers: Emphasis on critical gender perspectives. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:302-322. [PMID: 31596962 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rooted in multiracial feminist theory, this research investigated the roles of adults engaged in youth participatory action research (YPAR) projects focused on developing critical perspectives of gender, power, and critical hope with the youth of color. Across 10 weeks, two novice adult facilitators documented ethnographic observations (i.e., voice memos) of their experiences collaborating with youth in YPAR. Voice memos were transcribed and coded for emergent themes. Our findings highlight how we deconstructed adultism, prioritized humanizing youth, and integrated critical gender perspectives to understand gender as a mechanism of systemic oppression. Our purpose was to capture moments of breakthroughs, realizations, and tensions as scholars contending with inexperience in YPAR and share our journey with other researchers interested in YPAR. We provide recommendations for adults to develop pathways towards humanity for the youth of color, collective resistance and take social justice action steps towards a critically hopeful future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria S Pech
- Department of Family Studies and Human Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Bryant G Valencia
- Center for the Study of Higher Education, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Andrea J Romero
- Frances McClelland Institute for Children, Youth and Families, Family Studies and Human Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Rosales C, Langhout RD. Just Because We Don't See It, Doesn't Mean It's Not There: Everyday Resistance in Psychology. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Levac L, Ronis S, Cowper‐Smith Y, Vaccarino O. A scoping review: The utility of participatory research approaches in psychology. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:1865-1892. [PMID: 31441516 PMCID: PMC6852237 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Consistent with community psychology's focus on addressing societal problems by accurately and comprehensively capturing individuals' relationships in broader contexts, participatory research approaches aim to incorporate individuals' voices and knowledge into understanding, and responding to challenges and opportunities facing them and their communities. Although investigators in psychology have engaged in participatory research, overall, these approaches have been underutilized. The purpose of this review was to examine areas of research focus that have included participatory research methods and, in turn, highlight the strengths and ways that such methods could be better used by researchers. Nearly 750 articles about research with Indigenous Peoples, children/adolescents, forensic populations, people with HIV/AIDS, older adults, and in the area of industrial-organizational psychology were coded for their use of participatory research principles across all research stages (i.e., research design, participant recruitment and data collection, analysis and interpretation of results, and dissemination). Although we found few examples of studies that were fully committed to participatory approaches to research, and notable challenges with applying and reporting on this type of work, many investigators have developed creative ways to engage respectfully and reciprocally with participants. Based on our findings, recommendations and suggestions for researchers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Levac
- Department of Political ScienceUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Scott Ronis
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNBCanada
| | - Yuriko Cowper‐Smith
- Political Science and International DevelopmentUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
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Rasmus SM, Charles B, John S, Allen J. With a Spirit that Understands: Reflections on a Long-term Community Science Initiative to End Suicide in Alaska. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 64:34-45. [PMID: 31343758 PMCID: PMC6750997 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective analysis of a long-term community-based participatory research (CBPR) process spans over two decades of work with Alaska Native communities. A call to action from Alaska Native leadership to create more effective strategies to prevent and treat youth suicide and alcohol misuse risk initiated a response from university researchers. This CBPR process transformed into a collaborative effort to indigenously drive and develop solutions through research. The People Awakening project started our team on this translational and transformational pathway through community intervention science in the Central Yup'ik region of Alaska. We examine more deeply the major episodes and their successes and struggles in maintaining a long-term research relationship between university researchers and members of Yup'ik Alaska Native communities. We explore ways that our CBPR relationship has involved negotiation and engagement with power and praxis, to deepen and focus attention to knowledge systems and relational elements. This paper examines these deeper, transformative elements of our CBPR relationship that spans histories, cultures, and systems. Our discussion shares vignettes from academic and community perspectives to describe process in a unique collaboration, reaching to sometimes touch upon rare ground in emotions, tensions, and triumphs over the course of a dozen grants and twice as many years. We conclude by noting how there are points where, in a long-term CBPR relationship, transition out of emergence into coalescing and transformation can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy M. Rasmus
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute for Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 205 Arctic Health Research Building, 2141 Koyukuk Drive, PO Box 757000, 99775-7000
| | - Billy Charles
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute for Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 205 Arctic Health Research Building, 2141 Koyukuk Drive, PO Box 757000, 99775-7000
| | - Simeon John
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute for Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 205 Arctic Health Research Building, 2141 Koyukuk Drive, PO Box 757000, 99775-7000
| | - James Allen
- Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health & Memory Keepers Medical Discovery Team - American Indian and Rural Health Equity, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, 624 E. 1st St., Suite 201, Duluth, MN 55805
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Fraser SL, Hordyk S, Etok N, Weetaltuk C. Exploring Community Mobilization in Northern Quebec: Motivators, Challenges, and Resilience in Action. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 64:159-171. [PMID: 31444914 PMCID: PMC6771649 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nunavimmiut (people of the land) are the Indigenous peoples of the northern peninsula of the province of Quebec. Communities of Nunavik and its regional organizations have been making concerted efforts in implementing community-based strategies to support family wellbeing. These community strategies are grounded in many of the values underpinning community psychology: favoring empowerment-oriented approaches, fostering community capacity, and transforming organizational cultures to allow for new modes of interaction, as well as new policies and practices that are grounded in community and culture. Despite the growing support and expectation for community mobilization, there is still very little research on the processes and challenges to such mobilization. In this study, we explored the unique challenges and facilitators to community endeavors in northern Quebec in order to better understand the complex dynamics and the strengths that Inuit build upon. We first used a focused ethnographic approach in the context of a 5-year community mobilization project in Nunavik. We then conducted 12 individual interviews and two small group interviews with Inuit working on community-based wellbeing-oriented mobilization projects in four additional communities. Results expose how sociogeographical realities and colonialism influence the process of community mobilization. They also highlight the values and motivational factors that lead community members to move beyond these influences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nancy Etok
- Ulluriaq SchoolBoard of Directors of the Qarmaapik Family HouseKangiqsualujjuaqQCCanada
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Bellino MJ. Closing Information Gaps in Kakuma Refugee Camp: A Youth Participatory Action Research Study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 62:492-507. [PMID: 30207390 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the role of academic and social support on young people's educational pursuits in Kenya's Kakuma Refugee Camp. Pairing ethnographic methods with youth participatory action research, we find that support often manifests as abstract, decontextualized encouragement with little grounding in the educational opportunity structure. We argue that this motivational discourse generates information gaps, fueling aspirations that neither prepare youth for understanding, nor navigating the constraints they will encounter. In response, we designed a social media platform orienting Kakuma youth to the opportunity structure, while encouraging them to set realistic goals and plan accordingly. Designing a resource by, for, and with Kakuma youth, we illustrate that refugees have the rights and means to access information on which their everyday well-being and futures depend. This study illustrates that critical understanding of local and global opportunities can empower, rather than demoralize, young people as they shape their futures in exile.
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Fraser S, Vrakas G, Laliberté A, Mickpegak R. Everyday ethics of participation: a case study of a CBPR in Nunavik. Glob Health Promot 2017; 25:82-90. [PMID: 28353402 DOI: 10.1177/1757975917690496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple reports highlight the need for community-based family-oriented prevention services for Aboriginal peoples in order to address important health and social inequalities. Participatory, empowerment-based approaches are generally favoured for these means. Faced with important social issues, in a context of colonisation and complex power dynamics, we question how community members experience participation, as well as the everyday dynamics that take place when attempting to create community-level change. CONTEXT The initial steps of this community-based participatory research (CBPR) took place over a two-year period in a community of Nunavik, a large northern region of the province of Quebec. The objective of the CBPR was to develop a community-driven project aimed at supporting families to be able to keep children within their homes or communities, rather than having to be placed under child welfare services. METHOD We participated in, and documented, various group meetings, community workshops, informal reflexive discussions, and formal interviews with community partners to explore their everyday experiences of participation in community-based change. RESULTS We describe some of the initial actions taken in this project. We describe how certain social and power dynamics infiltrated into the process of participation leading to various tensions, personal and interpersonal experiences and needs. DISCUSSION We discuss how these experiences led to everyday ethical dilemmas regarding participation. We conclude that although participatory approaches towards community change may be effective, they are also ethically challenging and at times disempowering for those who participate. We describe some of the approaches used to work with these ethical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fraser
- 1 Department of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,2 Institut Universitaire SHERPA, CSSS de la Montagne, Quebec, Canada
| | - Georgia Vrakas
- 3 Department of Psychoeducation, University of Quebec in Trois-Rivières, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arlene Laliberté
- 4 Department of Psychoeducation, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Saint-Jérôme, Quebec, Canada
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Monahan T, Fisher JA. Strategies for Obtaining Access to Secretive or Guarded Organizations. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY ETHNOGRAPHY 2015; 44:709-736. [PMID: 26688613 PMCID: PMC4679148 DOI: 10.1177/0891241614549834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Establishing contacts and gaining permission to conduct ethnographic or qualitative research can be time-consuming and stressful processes. Gaining access can be especially challenging when representatives of prospective research sites see their work as being sensitive and would prefer to avoid outside scrutiny altogether. One result of this dynamic is that many organizations that exert a profound influence in governing populations and regulating individuals' access to basic needs are relatively invisible to the public and shielded from meaningful public accountability. Therefore, it is vital to effectively study secretive or guarded organizations and fill out the empirical record, which in turn could create the conditions for greater public awareness and debate. To that end, this paper draws on our collective research experience and the scholarship of others to present nine strategies that we have found to be especially effective for securing access to secretive organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torin Monahan
- Department of Communication Studies, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jill A. Fisher
- Department of Social Medicine and Center for Bioethics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Fox M. Embodied Methodologies, Participation, and the Art of Research. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Childers-McKee CD, Hytten K. Critical Race Feminism and the Complex Challenges of Educational Reform. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11256-015-0323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Torre
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York,
365 Fifth Avenue, New York 10016, USA,
| | - Jennifer Ayala
- Saint Peter's College, 2641 Kennedy Boulevard, Jersey
City, NJ 07306, USA,
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