1
|
Kumar R, Kamboj H, Dhanda S, Verma A, Chander Y, Nehra K, Bhati A, Dedar RK, Sharma DK, Barua S, Tripathi BN, Sharma S, Kumar N. Identification of miR-29a as a novel biomarker for lumpy skin disease virus exposure in cattle. Virulence 2024; 15:2324711. [PMID: 38527940 PMCID: PMC10965105 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2324711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the regulation of maturation, proliferation, differentiation, and activation of immune cells. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-29a antagonizes IFN-γ production at early times post-LSDV infection in cattle. miR-29a was predicted to target upstream IFN-γ regulators, and its inhibition resulted in enhanced IFN-γ production in sensitized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Further, stimulation of PBMCs with LSDV antigen exhibited lower levels of miR-29a, concomitant with a potent cell-mediated immune response (CMI), characterized by an increase in LSDV-specific CD8+ T cell counts and enhanced levels of IFN-γ, which eventually facilitated virus clearance. In addition, a few immunocompromised cattle (developed secondary LSDV infection at ~ 6 months) that failed to mount a potent cell-mediated immune response, were shown to maintain higher miR-29a levels. Furthermore, as compared to the sensitized crossbred cattle, PBMCs from sensitized Rathi (a native Indian breed) animals exhibited lower levels of miR-29a along with an increase in CD8+ T cell counts and enhanced levels of IFN-γ. Finally, we analysed that a ≥ 60% decrease in miR-29a expression levels in the PBMCs of sensitized cattle correlated with a potent CMI response. In conclusion, miR-29a expression is involved in antagonizing the IFN-γ response in LSDV-infected cattle and may serve as a novel biomarker for the acute phase of LSDV infection, as well as predicting the functionality of T cells in sensitized cattle. In addition, Rathi cattle mount a more potent CMI response against LSDV than crossbred cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Himanshu Kamboj
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Shweta Dhanda
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Assim Verma
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Yogesh Chander
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Kuldeep Nehra
- Livestock Research Station, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Nohar, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Ramesh Kumar Dedar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udaipur, India
| | - Sanjay Barua
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Bhupendra N. Tripathi
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Shalini Sharma
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumar N, Barua S, Kumar R, Khandelwal N, Kumar A, Verma A, Singh L, Godara B, Chander Y, Kumar G, Riyesh T, Sharma DK, Pathak A, Kumar S, Dedar RK, Mehta V, Gaur M, Bhardwaj B, Vyas V, Chaudhary S, Yadav V, Bhati A, Kaul R, Bashir A, Andrabi A, Yousuf RW, Koul A, Kachhawaha S, Gurav A, Gautam S, Tiwari HA, Munjal VK, Gupta MK, Kumar R, Gulati BR, Misri J, Kumar A, Mohanty AK, Nandi S, Singh KP, Pal Y, Dutt T, Tripathi BN. Evaluation of the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of a new live-attenuated lumpy skin disease vaccine in India. Virulence 2023; 14:2190647. [PMID: 36919498 PMCID: PMC10038050 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2190647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) was reported for the first time in India in 2019 and since then, it has become endemic. Since a homologous (LSD-virus based) vaccine was not available in the country, goatpox virus (GPV)-based heterologous vaccine was authorized for mass immunization to induce protection against LSD in cattle. This study describes the evaluation of safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of a new live-attenuated LSD vaccine developed by using an Indian field strain, isolated in 2019 from cattle. The virus was attenuated by continuous passage (P = 50) in Vero cells. The vaccine (50th LSDV passage in Vero cells, named as Lumpi-ProVacInd) did not induce any local or systemic reaction upon its experimental inoculation in calves (n = 10). At day 30 post-vaccination (pv), the vaccinated animals were shown to develop antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses and exhibited complete protection upon virulent LSDV challenge. A minimum Neethling response (0.018% animals; 5 out of 26,940 animals) of the vaccine was observed in the field trials conducted in 26,940 animals. There was no significant reduction in the milk yield in lactating animals (n = 10108), besides there was no abortion or any other reproductive disorder in the pregnant animals (n = 2889). Sero-conversion was observed in 85.18% animals in the field by day 30 pv.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Sanjay Barua
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Ram Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Nitin Khandelwal
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, India
| | - Assim Verma
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Lokender Singh
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Bhagraj Godara
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Yogesh Chander
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Garvit Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Thachamvally Riyesh
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Udaipur, India
| | - Anubha Pathak
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Dedar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Vishal Mehta
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Banswara, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mitesh Gaur
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Udaipur, India
| | | | - Vithilesh Vyas
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | | | - Adrish Bhati
- Livestock Research station, Nohar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rakesh Kaul
- Animal Husbandry Department, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Arif Bashir
- Animal Husbandry Department, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Anjum Andrabi
- Animal Husbandry Department, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | | | | | - Subhash Kachhawaha
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
| | - Amol Gurav
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, India
| | | | | | | | - Madhurendu K Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, India
| | - Rajender Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Baldev R Gulati
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Jyoti Misri
- Animal Science Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Animal Science Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, India
| | | | - Sukdeb Nandi
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Yash Pal
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Triveni Dutt
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Bhupendra N Tripathi
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
- Animal Science Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shen Z, Liu B, Zhu Z, Du J, Zhou Z, Pan C, Chen Y, Yin C, Luo Y, Li H, Chen X. Construction of a Triple-Gene Deletion Mutant of Orf Virus and Evaluation of Its Safety, Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050909. [PMID: 37243014 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Contagious ecthyma is a zoonotic disease caused by the orf virus (ORFV). Since there is no specific therapeutic drug available, vaccine immunization is the main tool to prevent and control the disease. Previously, we have reported the construction of a double-gene deletion mutant of ORFV (rGS14ΔCBPΔGIF) and evaluated it as a vaccine candidate. Building on this previous work, the current study reports the construction of a new vaccine candidate, generated by deleting a third gene (gene 121) to generate ORFV rGS14ΔCBPΔGIFΔ121. The in vitro growth characteristics, as well as the in vivo safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy, were evaluated. RESULTS: There was a minor difference in viral replication and proliferation between ORFV rGS14ΔCBPΔGIFΔ121 and the other two strains. ORFV rGS14ΔCBPΔGIFΔ121 induced continuous differentiation of PBMC to CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells and CD80+CD86+ cells and caused mainly Th1-like cell-mediated immunity. By comparing the triple-gene deletion mutant with the parental strain and the double-gene deletion mutant, we found that the safety of both the triple-gene deletion mutant and the double-gene deletion mutant could reach 100% in goats, while the safety of parental virus was only 50% after continually observing immunized animals for 14 days. A virulent field strain of ORFV from an ORF scab was used in the challenge experiment by inoculating the virus to the hairless area of the inner thigh of immunized animals. The result showed that the immune protection rate of triple-gene deletion mutant, double-gene mutant, and the parental virus was 100%, 66.7%, and 28.6%, respectively. In conclusion, the safety, immunogenicity, and immune-protectivity of the triple-gene deletion mutant were greatly improved to 100%, making it an excellent vaccine candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanning Shen
- Animal Science and Techology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102208, China
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bo Liu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zhen Zhu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jige Du
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenfan Pan
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong Chen
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunsheng Yin
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yufeng Luo
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huanrong Li
- Animal Science and Techology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102208, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar R, Godara B, Chander Y, Kachhawa JP, Dedar RK, Verma A, Riyesh T, Pal Y, Barua S, Tripathi BN, Kumar N. Evidence of lumpy skin disease virus infection in camels. Acta Trop 2023; 242:106922. [PMID: 37031926 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Countries in the Indian subcontinent are currently facing a deadly epidemic of lumpy skin disease (LSD). LSD is primarily a disease of cattle. Buffaloes may sometimes develop mild illness, however, other domestic animals are considered resistant to LSD. We confirmed the LSDV infection in camels as evidenced by skin nodules on the body surface of the affected camels, isolation of LSD virus (LSDV) and amplification of LSDV-specific gene segments from the skin nodules (PCR), nucleotide sequencing of the viral genome and, demonstration of anti-LSDV antibodies in serum. Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequencing of ORF011, ORF012 and ORF036 revealed that the virus (LSDV/Camel/India/2022/Bikaner) is related to the historical NI-2490/Kenya/KSGP-like field strains which are predominantly circulating in the Indian subcontinent. This is the first report wherein LSDV has been to infect camels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Bhagraj Godara
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Yogesh Chander
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Jai Prakash Kachhawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Dedar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Assim Verma
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Thachamvally Riyesh
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Yash Pal
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Sanjay Barua
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Bhupendra N Tripathi
- Animal Science Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, India.
| | - Naveen Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Recent advances in diagnostic approaches for orf virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1515-1523. [PMID: 36723701 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV), the prototype species of the Parapoxvirus genus, is an important zoonotic virus, causing great economic losses in livestock production. At present, there are no effective drugs for orf treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to develop accurate and rapid diagnostic approaches for ORFV. Over decades, various diagnostic methods have been established, including conventional methods such as virus isolation and electron microscopy; serological methods such as virus neutralization test (VNT), immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay, immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay. This review provides an overview of currently available diagnostic approaches for ORFV and discusses their advantages and limitations and future perspectives, which would be significantly helpful for ORFV early diagnosis and surveillance to prevent outbreak of orf. KEY POINTS: • Orf virus emerged and reemerged in past years • Rapid and efficient diagnostic approaches are needed and critical for ORFV detection • Novel and sensitive diagnostic methods are required for ORFV detection.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hussain I, Khan MUR, Aslam A, Rabbani M, Masood S, Anjum A. Identification, molecular characterization, and pathological features of orf virus in sheep and goats in Punjab province, Pakistan. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 55:24. [PMID: 36562854 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) causes an acute, contagious, skin disease of sheep and goats which is economically important. The objectives of this study were to identify ORFV and to explore its pathological and phylogenetic profiles in 350 goats and 91 sheep of 14 districts of Punjab, Pakistan, from July 2020 to July 2021. Skin scrapings (total no. of samples = 441) of suspected animals were subjected to polymerase chain reactions, phylogenetic analysis, and pathological observations. The partial length of GIF/IL-2 gene (408 bp) was successfully amplified in 58/441 samples. Phylogenetic analysis of GIF/IL2 gene showed that the study isolates belonged to ORFV-cluster I, together with the viruses reported in India and China. Pakistan ORFV isolates were shared 97.6-98.7% nucleotide and 97.6-100% amino acid identities with the reference strain (NC_005336). Moreover, Chinese ORFV-isolates were detected unique multiple amino acid substitutions (F11L, Q21H, D27N, I46V, N49S, N82D, D103N, S129G) with study isolates. Naturally infected animals were anorexic, emaciated, dull, and depressed. The macroscopic lesions included multifocal to coalescing, ulceration followed by proliferative papules, pustules, and crust formation on the epidermis of gums, lips, mouth commissure, muzzles, nose, and udder. Histopathological examination revealed hyperplasia, anastomosing rete ridges formation and degenerative changes, including spongiosis and vacuolation of epidermal cells. Keratinocytes exhibited eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies with pyknotic and karyorrhexis nuclei. This is the first report on molecular characterization of ORFV from Pakistan, with insight into its pathogenesis and comparative analysis of pathological alterations and genetic diversity between ORFV strains reported in different geographical areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irtaza Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muti Ur Rehman Khan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Asim Aslam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Masood Rabbani
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Masood
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Anjum
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu Z, Qu G, Du J, Wang C, Chen Y, Shen Z, Zhou Z, Yin C, Chen X. Construction and characterization of a contagious ecthyma virus double-gene deletion strain and evaluation of its potential as a live-attenuated vaccine in goat. Front Immunol 2022; 13:961287. [PMID: 36119021 PMCID: PMC9478544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.961287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Contagious ecthyma is a highly contagious viral disease with zoonotic significance caused by orf virus (ORFV) that affects domestic, ruminants and humans. Live attenuated virus and attenuated tissue culture vaccines are widely used in the fight against ORFV, however, the conventional attenuated vaccine strains have many drawbacks. The aim of this project was to construct a promising contagious ecthyma vaccine strain with safety, high protection efficacy and accessibility by genetic manipulation to against the disease. Using a natural ORFV-GS14 strain as the parental virus, recombinant virus, rGS14-ΔCBP-ΔGIF, with double deletions in the genes encoding the chemokine binding protein (CBP) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor inhibitory factor (GIF) was generated and characterized in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that the growth kinetics curve of rGS14-ΔCBP-ΔGIF and parental virus was consistent, both reaching plateau phase at 48 h post infection, which indicated that the double deletion of cbp and gif genes had little impact on the replication properties of the recombinant virus in primary goat testis (PGT) cell cultures compared with the parental virus. The safety of the double gene-deleted virus was evaluated in lambs. The lambs were monitored for 21 days post infection of the recombinant virus and no ORFV associated symptoms were observed in 21 days post-infection except for slight fever and anorexia in 5 days post-infection, and all lambs inoculated with either recombinant virus or PBS exhibited no clinical signs. To assess the protection efficacy of the rGS14-ΔCBP-ΔGIF, groups of four lambs each were inoculated with rGS14-ΔCBP-ΔGIF, rGS14-ΔCBP, rGS14-ΔGIF or PBS and challenged by a wild type virulent ORFV strain that was isolated from proliferative scabby lesions tissues of infected goat at 21-day post-inoculation. During 14 days post-challenging, lambs inoculated with rGS14-ΔCBP-ΔGIF all remained healthy with unimmunized group all infected, while the single gene-deleted viruses only protected 40% to 50% animals. These results indicated that the double gene-deleted recombinant virus could provide complete protection against virulent ORFV challenging. In conclusion, the double gene-deleted recombinant virus strain, rGS14-ΔCBP-ΔGIF, would be a promising candidate vaccine strains with safety, high protection efficacy and availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Guanggang Qu
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, China
| | - Jige Du
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Changjiang Wang
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, China
| | - Yong Chen
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanning Shen
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Chunsheng Yin
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kumar R, Moudgil P, Grakh K, Jindal N, Sharma M, Gupta R. Epidemiology, clinical features, and molecular detection of orf virus in Haryana (India) and its adjoining areas. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:268. [PMID: 35980491 PMCID: PMC9386199 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Orf is an acute, highly contagious, and economically important viral disease of small ruminants. In this study, six orf suspected outbreaks among goats and sheep were investigated from Haryana state and adjoining areas of Rajasthan state during the year 2021. The disease was diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs and molecular identification. The causative agent of the disease, orf virus (ORFV), was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting immunodominant envelope antigen (B2L) gene and confirmed by sequencing. The morbidity in goats ranged from 8.75 to 100%, whereas in sheep, it ranged from 0 to 8%. The higher mortality was observed among flocks with mixed infections of orf and peste des petits (PPR) or orf and haemonchosis as compared to other outbreaks. The phylogenetic analysis of sequenced PCR products clustered the current study strains in the same clad with Indian as well as strains from other countries with nucleotide identity more than 99%, signifying a close genetic relationship. The study highlighted the circulation of strains of a single cluster among sheep and goats in Haryana and adjoining areas. Prompt diagnosis of the disease is highly important for facilitating the implementation of control measures to minimize the losses suffered by small and marginal farmers in this region. Further detailed studies are required to delineate the molecular details of ORFV for better understanding the dynamics and molecular epidemiology of strains circulating in the country and for designing the effective vaccines against the disease which are currently lacking in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Pallavi Moudgil
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Kushal Grakh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Maneesh Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Renu Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Koç BT. Molecular evidence for concurrent infection of goats by orf virus and bovine herpesvirus 1. Acta Vet Hung 2022. [PMID: 35895479 DOI: 10.1556/004.2022.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Orf is a disease of small ruminant animals, including goats and sheep, that is caused by a parapoxvirus. Although the mortality rate is low, economic losses may occur due to the clinical signs. Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infection is known to cause respiratory and reproductive disorders mainly in cattle; however, it has been found to circulate among goats and sheep as well. In contrast to orf virus (ORFV), BoHV-1 does not induce clinical disease in goats. In this study, we aimed to detect the presence of ORFV by molecular methods and to uncover eventual simultaneous herpesvirus infections masked by orf disease signs. To this end, 82 goats, housed near to a cattle herd, were tested. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR), three goats (3.7%) were found to harbour both viruses, while an additional goat was positive for ORFV only. The PCR products were sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were performed. This study revealed that ORFV and BoHV-1 may be present simultaneously in an animal causing a concurrent infection. These data should be taken into consideration when looking for secondary pathogens in diseased goats, and the prevention methods should be developed accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Taylan Koç
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, 09016 Isikli Efeler, Aydin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Contagious ecthyma (CE) is an infectious disease of small ruminants caused by a parapoxvirus of family Poxviridae subfamily Chordopoxvirinae. The disease is obviously distinguished by an establishment of scabby lesions and ulcerative formation on less hairy areas including muzzle, ears, nostril, and sometimes on genitalia. The disease is endemic in sheep and goats. The virus is transmissible to other ruminants and is a public health concern in humans. Although the disease is known as self-limiting, it may cause a significant economic threat and financial losses due to lower productivity in livestock production. Information with regard to the risk of the disease and epidemiology in most parts of the world is underreported. This paper aims to provide relevant information about the epidemiology of CE in selected regions of Europe, South America, North America, Asia, Africa, and Australia. An in-depth comprehension of virus infection, diagnoses, and management of the disease will enable farmers, researchers, veterinarians, abattoir workers, health personnel, and border controllers to improve their measures, skills, and effectiveness toward disease prevention and control, toward reducing unnecessary economic loss among farmers. A herd health program for significant improvement in management and productivity of livestock demands a well planned extension program that ought to encourage farmers to equip themselves with adequate skills for animal healthcare.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lawal N, Ibrahim M, Onawala DA, Bello MB, Aliyu RM, Baraya YS, Aliyu A, Ibrahim AM, Sa'adu A. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of orf virus isolated from goats in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria. Future Sci OA 2021; 7:FSO700. [PMID: 34046202 PMCID: PMC8147748 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2020-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to molecularly characterize orf virus isolated from clinical infections in goats in Sokoto metropolis. Materials & methods: Embryonated chicken eggs were used to isolate orf virus according to the established protocol. Viral DNA was extracted and full coding region of B2L gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, sequenced and blasted for identification and phylogenetically analyzed. Results and discussion: The B2L gene sequences of the isolate showed slight variability (96–98.7%) with the reference sequences as it clustered within the same clade with Korean, Zambian and Ethiopian strains, signifying a close genetic relationship. Unique amino acid substitutions were noted. This is the first genetic characterization of B2L gene of orf virus circulating in Nigeria. Conclusion: This study has provided in sight into the genetic diversity of orf virus in the study area. Contagious ecthyma has for long been affecting the goat and sheep population in Nigeria leading to huge economic losses to livestock farmers through death and poor market value of the affected animals. Recently, increased death due to this disease has been reported in north-central Nigeria, but the nature of the disease-causing agent has not been reported yet. It is the aim of this study to understand the nature of the virus causing the disease in goats in Sokoto using molecular biology techniques so as to facilitate better vaccine design for the effective control of the disease in Nigeria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafi'u Lawal
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.,Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Mubarak Ibrahim
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Dauda Ayomide Onawala
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.,Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.,Center for Advance Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Rabiu Muhammad Aliyu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Yusha'u Shu'aibu Baraya
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Aliyu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Musawa Ibrahim
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Sa'adu
- Department of Animal Health & Production Technology, College of Agriculture & Animal Science, Wurno, Sokoto, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
LIN YUSHENG, JIANG JINXIU. Comparative analysis of B2L genes in vaccine and wild strains of orf virus in China. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i10.111248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Orf is highly contagious zoonoses which is caused by the orf virus (ORFV). In order to determine the characteristics of B2L genes between vaccine strain and wild strain of ORFV in China. In this study we choose the weak vaccine of ORFV produced in biological products (Shandong Taifeng, China) and the wild strain (FJ-PN) isolated and identified in our laboratory to amplify, clone and sequence the B2L genes, and the changes in nucleotide, amino acid and secondary and tertiary protein structure of the B2L proteins were compared and analyzed by bioinformatics software. Comparison results showed that the nucleotide sequence similarity and amino acid sequence similarity of the B2L genes of vaccine strain and wild strain were 98.6% and 98.7% respectively. There was no significant difference between the primary, secondary and tertiary structures of the B2L proteins. The results of this study provide ideas for the study on the function and molecular biological characteristics of related proteins after the ORFV is weakened.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kumar N, Chander Y, Kumar R, Khandelwal N, Riyesh T, Chaudhary K, Shanmugasundaram K, Kumar S, Kumar A, Gupta MK, Pal Y, Barua S, Tripathi BN. Isolation and characterization of lumpy skin disease virus from cattle in India. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241022. [PMID: 33428633 PMCID: PMC7799759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) has devastating economic impact. During the last decade, LSD had spread to climatically new and previously disease-free countries, which also includes its recent emergence in the Indian subcontinent (2019). This study deals with the LSD outbreak(s) from cattle in Ranchi (India). Virus was isolated from the scabs (skin lesions) in the primary goat kidney cells. Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequencing of LSD virus (LSDV) ORF011, ORF012 and ORF036 suggested that the isolated virus (LSDV/Bos taurus-tc/India/2019/Ranchi) is closely related to Kenyan LSDV strains. Further, we adapted the isolated virus in Vero cells. Infection of the isolated LSDV to Vero cells did not produce cytopathic effect (CPE) until the 4th blind passage, but upon adaptation, it produced high viral titres in the cultured cells. The kinetics of viral DNA synthesis and one-step growth curve analysis suggested that Vero cell-adapted LSDV initiates synthesizing its genome at ~24 hours post-infection (hpi) with a peak level at ~96 hpi whereas evidence of progeny virus particles was observed at 36–48 hours (h) with a peak titre at ~120 h. To the best of our knowledge, this study describes the first successful isolation of LSDV in India, besides providing insights into the life cycle Vero cell-adapted LSDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
- * E-mail: (NK); (SB); (BNT)
| | - Yogesh Chander
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Ram Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Nitin Khandelwal
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Thachamvally Riyesh
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Khushboo Chaudhary
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | | | - Sanjit Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, India
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, India
| | - Madhurendu K. Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, India
| | - Yash Pal
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Sanjay Barua
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
- * E-mail: (NK); (SB); (BNT)
| | - Bhupendra N. Tripathi
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
- * E-mail: (NK); (SB); (BNT)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumar N, Chander Y, Riyesh T, Khandelwal N, Kumar R, Kumar H, Tripathi BN, Barua S. Isolation and characterization of bovine herpes virus 5 (BoHV5) from cattle in India. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232093. [PMID: 32330151 PMCID: PMC7182196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV1) and 5 (BoHV5) are genetically and antigenically related alphaherpesviruses. Infection with one virus induces protective immunity against the other. However, disease associated with BoHV1 and BoHV5 varies significantly; whereas BoHV1 infection is usually associated with rhinotracheitis and abortion, BoHV5 causes encephalitis in cattle. BoHV5 outbreaks are sporadic and mainly restricted to the South American countries. We report BoHV5 infection for the first time from aborted cattle in India. Based on the characteristic cytopathic effects in MDBK cells, amplification of the viral genome by PCR, differential PCR for BoHV1/BoHV5, nucleotide sequencing and restriction endonuclease patterns, identity of the virus was confirmed as BoHV5 subtype A. Serum samples from the aborted cattle strongly neutralized both BoHV1 and BoHV5 suggesting an active viral infection in the herd. Upon UL27, UL44 and UL54 gene-based sequence and phylogenetic analysis, the isolated virus clustered with BoHV5 strains and showed highest similarity with the Brazilian BoHV5 strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
- * E-mail: (NK); (SB); (BNT)
| | - Yogesh Chander
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Thachamvally Riyesh
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Nitin Khandelwal
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Ram Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Bhupendra N. Tripathi
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
- * E-mail: (NK); (SB); (BNT)
| | - Sanjay Barua
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
- * E-mail: (NK); (SB); (BNT)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pang F, Zhang M, Yang X, Li G, Zhu S, Nie X, Cao R, Yang X, Zhang Z, Huang H, Li B, Wang C, Du L, Wang F. Genome-wide analysis of circular RNAs in goat skin fibroblast cells in response to Orf virus infection. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6267. [PMID: 30697481 PMCID: PMC6346991 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf, caused by Orf virus (ORFV), is a globally distributed zoonotic disease responsible for serious economic losses in the agricultural sector. However, the mechanism underlying ORFV infection remains largely unknown. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of endogenous non-coding RNAs, play important roles in various pathological processes but their involvement in ORFV infection and host response is unclear. In the current study, whole transcriptome sequencing and small RNA sequencing were performed in ORFV-infected goat skin fibroblast cells and uninfected cells. A total of 151 circRNAs, 341 messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and 56 microRNAs (miRNAs) were differently expressed following ORFV infection. Four circRNAs: circRNA1001, circRNA1684, circRNA3127 and circRNA7880 were validated by qRT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that host genes of differently expressed circRNAs were significantly enriched in regulation of inflammatory response, epithelial structure maintenance, positive regulation of cell migration, positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity, regulation of ion transmembrane transport, etc. The constructed circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network suggested that circRNAs may function as miRNA sponges indirectly regulating gene expression following ORFV infection. Our study presented the first comprehensive profiles of circRNAs in response to ORFV infection, thus providing new clues for the mechanisms of interactions between ORFV and the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaojian Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Guohua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xin Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ruiyong Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Baobao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chengqiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Li Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Fengyang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ahanger SA, Parveen R, Nazki S, Dar Z, Dar T, Dar KH, Dar A, Rai N, Dar P. Detection and phylogenetic analysis of Orf virus in Kashmir Himalayas. Virusdisease 2018; 29:405-410. [PMID: 30159380 PMCID: PMC6111950 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) is a zoonotic pathogen that primarily infects sheep and goats, and is responsible for significant economic losses. ORFV is endemic in all the major sheep and goat rearing areas of the world including Indian subcontinent. However, the nature of ORFV circulating among sheep and goat in Kashmir Himalayas has not yet been characterized. In the present study, we describe natural outbreaks of ORFV in sheep and goats of Kashmir Himalayas. We detected the presence of ORFV in the scab lesion by PCR amplification of the major envelope protein (B2L) gene. We sequenced the virus interferon resistance (VIR) gene and determined their phylogenetic relationship with that of the published reference sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on VIR gene revealed that the ORFV isolates from Kashmir Himalayas separated into main two clusters. The sheep isolates showed genetic homology with the sheep strains reported from Greece and Italy, whereas the goat-specific strain show homology with the goat strains reported from China. This study demonstrates the presence of ORFV infection in sheep and goats, and report first phylogenetic analysis of the ORFV strains prevalent in the Kashmir Himalayas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Showket A. Ahanger
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (FVSc & AH), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Rafia Parveen
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (FVSc & AH), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Salik Nazki
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (FVSc & AH), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Zahoor Dar
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (FVSc & AH), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Tanveer Dar
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (FVSc & AH), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Khadim Hussain Dar
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (FVSc & AH), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Aijaz Dar
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (FVSc & AH), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Niraj Rai
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India
| | - Pervaiz Dar
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (FVSc & AH), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, 190006 India
- Present Address: Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dermatopathology of Orf Virus (Malaysian Isolates) in Mice Experimentally Inoculated at Different Sites with and without Dexamethasone Administration. J Pathog 2018; 2018:9207576. [PMID: 30155311 PMCID: PMC6093002 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9207576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf is a clinical manifestation of parapoxvirus infection often fatal in goats and sheep especially when they are under stress or influenced by unfavorable environment. This study investigated the pathogenicity of two Orf virus isolates (ORFV UPM1/14 and UPM2/14) and host response in mouse model by using different inoculation sites with/without prior exposure to dexamethasone. Treatments with dexamethasone served as an immunosuppressant that may mimic stress situation in affected animals. Groups of five mice were given intradermal injection of 0.2 mL of tissue culture infective dose 50 (TCID50) of UPM1/14 (Group 1) and UPM2/14 (Group 2) at the dorsum (Group 1A; Group 2A), ear pinna (Group 1B; Group 2B), and labial commissure (Group 1C; Group 2C). An inoculum 0.2 mL of UPM1/14 was administered to animals treated with dexamethasone (n=5; 5 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally) and nondexamethasone (n=5) groups at the dorsum, ear pinna, and labial commissure. No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in the mean lesion scores among the groups of different inoculation sites or between dexamethasone-treated and nontreated groups. However, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the mean stratum thickness of affected skin following inoculation with UPM2/14 isolate at the ear pinna and labial commissure. Histopathology examination revealed keratosis, acanthosis, and ballooning degeneration in the skin of affected mice. Orf virus DNA was detected in the skin samples by targeting F1L and B2L virus-specific genes in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Intradermal inoculation with UPM1/14 or UPM2/14 isolate produced a mild skin lesion in mice, and there was no significant difference in orf disease manifestation despite variation of inoculation sites. Similarly, short-term dexamethasone administration gave no adverse effects on pathogenicity of orf virus isolates.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Coinfections involving viruses are being recognized to influence the disease pattern that occurs relative to that with single infection. Classically, we usually think of a clinical syndrome as the consequence of infection by a single virus that is isolated from clinical specimens. However, this biased laboratory approach omits detection of additional agents that could be contributing to the clinical outcome, including novel agents not usually considered pathogens. The presence of an additional agent may also interfere with the targeted isolation of a known virus. Viral interference, a phenomenon where one virus competitively suppresses replication of other coinfecting viruses, is the most common outcome of viral coinfections. In addition, coinfections can modulate virus virulence and cell death, thereby altering disease severity and epidemiology. Immunity to primary virus infection can also modulate immune responses to subsequent secondary infections. In this review, various virological mechanisms that determine viral persistence/exclusion during coinfections are discussed, and insights into the isolation/detection of multiple viruses are provided. We also discuss features of heterologous infections that impact the pattern of immune responsiveness that develops.
Collapse
|
19
|
Velazquez-Salinas L, Ramirez-Medina E, Bracht AJ, Hole K, Brito BP, Gladue DP, Carrillo C. Phylodynamics of parapoxvirus genus in Mexico (2007-2011). INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 65:12-14. [PMID: 30017997 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study we report for the first time the phylodynamics of the parapoxvirus (PPV) genus in Mexico. Based on the analysis by PCR of 124 epithelial samples collected between 2007 and 2011 from naturally infected goats, sheep and cows in Mexico, we found that different PPV were present in 21 out of the 24 states sampled during this study. Our phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of different PPV species in Mexico, and their phylogenetic relationship with other PPV circulating in the US and Canada. Furthermore, we describe the existence of two different ORFV phylogenetic groups that are clearly host associated (sheep or goat). Evidence of directional selection at five specific amino acid residues in the enveloped glycoprotein B2L might help to support this host predilection. Collectively, the results generated in this study highlight the importance of PPV genus in Mexico and open the possibility for future studies describing with more detail the importance of this genus in North America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauro Velazquez-Salinas
- Laboratorio de Bioseguridad Nivel 3, Comisión México-Estados Unidos para la Prevención de la Fiebre Aftosa, y otras Enfermedades Exóticas de los Animales (CPA), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina
- Laboratorio de Bioseguridad Nivel 3, Comisión México-Estados Unidos para la Prevención de la Fiebre Aftosa, y otras Enfermedades Exóticas de los Animales (CPA), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Alexa J Bracht
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Science, Technology, and Analysis Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory-Diagnostic Services Section, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, United States.
| | - Kate Hole
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease (NCFAD), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada.
| | - Barbara P Brito
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2077, Australia.
| | - Douglas P Gladue
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, United States.
| | - Consuelo Carrillo
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Science, Technology, and Analysis Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory-Diagnostic Services Section, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Peralta A, Robles CA, Micheluod JF, Rossanigo CE, Martinez A, Carosio A, König GA. Phylogenetic Analysis of ORF Viruses From Five Contagious Ecthyma Outbreaks in Argentinian Goats. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:134. [PMID: 29971243 PMCID: PMC6018470 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) is the etiological agent of Contagious Ecthyma (CE) disease that mainly affects sheep, goats, wild ruminants, and humans with a worldwide distribution. To date, only two strains from Argentinian sheep have been characterized at the molecular level and there is little information on ORFV strains circulating in Argentina. Here we describe and analyze five outbreaks of CE in goats in three geographic regions of the country: Northwest, Center, and Southwest. The phylogenetic analysis based on four molecular markers of ORFV (orf011 partial sequence and orf020, orf109, and orf127 complete sequence genes) revealed that there are different strains circulating in Argentina and pointed out the importance of knowing the health status of animals traded between farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Peralta
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Robles
- Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Juan F Micheluod
- Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Salta, Argentina
| | - Carlos E Rossanigo
- Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Agustín Martinez
- Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Agustín Carosio
- Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Guido A König
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Genetic diversity of Orf virus isolated from sheep in Uruguay. Arch Virol 2018; 163:1285-1291. [PMID: 29368063 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) is the etiological agent of contagious ecthyma, a disease widely spread in the world that occasionally causes zoonotic infections. This work is the first molecular characterization of ORFV in Uruguay, where we analyzed twenty-one sheep samples, eighteen of which were recovered from thirteen ORFV outbreaks that occurred during 2004 to 2011 as well as three strains from a national vaccine. Phylogenetic analysis and the derived amino acid sequences from the B2L gene suggest that the Uruguayan virus do not form a unique cluster, with most of them displaying similarities with worldwide ORFV isolates as well as our vaccine strains.
Collapse
|
22
|
Jia H, Zhan L, Wang X, He X, Chen G, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Jing Z. Transcriptome analysis of sheep oral mucosa response to Orf virus infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186681. [PMID: 29073164 PMCID: PMC5658058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Contagious ecthyma is a highly contagious disease with worldwide distribution, which is caused by the Orf virus (ORFV) belonging to the Parapoxvirus. To study the alteration of host gene expression in response to ORFV infection at the transcriptional level, several young small-tailed Han sheep were inoculated with ORFV, and their oral mucosa tissue samples (T0, T3, T7 and T15) were collected on day 0, 3, 7 and 15 after ORFV infection respectively. RNA-seq transcriptome comparisons were performed, showing that 1928, 3219 and 2646 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among T3 vs. T0, T7 vs. T0, and T15 vs. T0 respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analyses of the DEGs from these comparisons, revealed that ORFV might provoke vigorous immune response of the host cells during the early stage of infection. Moreover, GO and network analysis showed that positive and negative regulative mechanisms of apoptosis were integrated in the host cells through up or down-regulating the expression level of DEGs involved in apoptotic pathways, in order to reach a homeostasis of oral mucosa tissues during the exposure to ORFV infection. In conclusion, our study for the first time describes the direct effects of ORFV on the global host gene expression of its host using high-throughput RNA sequencing, which provides a resource for future characterizing the interaction mechanism between the mammalian host and ORFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaijie Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Leilei Zhan
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaobing He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yaxun Wei
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Laboratory for Genome Regulation and Human Health, ABLife Inc., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhizhong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Association of two clusters of Orf virus isolates in outbreaks of infection in goat in the Central Anatolian region of Turkey. Virusdisease 2017; 28:345-348. [PMID: 29291224 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-017-0392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) is the etiological agent of contagious pustular dermatitis and can cause skin disease in sheep and goats. In this study, two outbreaks of ORFV infection in goats in the Central Anatolian region of Turkey were investigated. Samples were collected from 1- to 4-month-old kids (n = 9) in two different flocks in the Aksaray and Konya Provinces during the months of March and May 2016. The presence of ORFV in suspected samples was confirmed by PCR using primers specific to envelope gene (B2L). The analysis of the B2L gene sequences revealed that the nucleotide homology between the two isolates in the present study was 100%, whereas the similarity with Parapoxvirus isolates from different regions ranged from 83.6 to 99%. Phylogenetic analysis of the B2L gene revealed that there are two main clusters of ORFV isolates which were responsible for past outbreaks in Turkey. The information presented here will provide an insight into genetic diversity of field isolates of ORFV circulating in the Central Anatolian region of Turkey.
Collapse
|
24
|
Yu Y, Tan Q, Zhao W, Zhang X, Ma J, Wu Z, Zhu Z, Cui Y. Characterization of an orf virus isolate from an outbreak in Heilongjiang province, China. Arch Virol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
25
|
Diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of a multifocal cutaneous orf virus with mixed bacterial infection outbreak in goats in Fujian province, China. Arch Virol 2017. [PMID: 28623407 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of orf virus on goat farms are common in China. In this study, we investigated a severe multifocal cutaneous orf virus outbreak with a correlative mixed bacterial infection which persisted for up to 6 months, and which had a high morbidity (93.7%) and mortality (15%) among kids in a herd of crossbreed goats in Fujian province in China. The disease was diagnosed as an orf virus (ORFV XD strain) infection associating with Streptococcus pluranimalium and Staphylococcus, identified using standard virological and bacteriological techniques. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analyses of the whole ORFV 011 (B2L), 059 (F1L), 032 and 080 genes revealed that the even though the virus phylogeny was clustered in branches of conventional orf virus strains, it nonetheless evidenced high variation within this subset. Furthermore, the sequences from the ORFV 080 gene allowed us to distinguish between the different strains at a higher resolution and these observations afforded us a comparative view of the ORFV 080 gene. This is the first report describing an outbreak of severe multifocal cutaneous orf virus with associated bacterial infection in China.
Collapse
|
26
|
Akkutay-Yoldar Z, Oguzoglu TC, Akça Y. Diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of orf virus in Aleppo and Saanen goats from an outbreak in Turkey. Virol Sin 2017; 31:270-3. [PMID: 26817941 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-015-3684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Akkutay-Yoldar
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Diskapi, 06110, Turkey.
| | - Tuba Cigdem Oguzoglu
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Diskapi, 06110, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Akça
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Diskapi, 06110, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Riyesh T, Barua S, Kumar N, Jindal N, Bera BC, Narang G, Mahajan NK, Arora D, Anand T, Vaid RK, Yadav M, Chandel SS, Malik P, Tripathi BN, Singh RK. Isolation and genetic characterization of swinepox virus from pigs in India. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 46:60-5. [PMID: 27260812 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Swinepox virus (SWPV), a member of the genus Suipoxvirus causes generalized pock-like lesions on the body of domestic and wild pigs. Although outbreak has been reported in India since 1987, virus isolation and genetic characterization remained elusive. In September 2013, an outbreak of acute skin infection occurred in piglets in a commercial piggery unit at Rohtak district in Haryana, India. The presence of SWPV in scab samples collected from piglets succumbed to infection was confirmed by virus isolation, PCR amplification of SWPV-specific gene segments and nucleotide sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of host-range genes of the SWPV revealed that the Indian isolate is genetically closely related to reference isolate SWPV/pig/U.S.A/1999/Nebraska. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on isolation and genetic characterization of SWPV from pigs in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thachamvally Riyesh
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India.
| | - Sanjay Barua
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana-125004, India
| | - Bidhan Chandra Bera
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - Gulshan Narang
- Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana-125004, India
| | - Nand Kishore Mahajan
- Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana-125004, India
| | - Devan Arora
- Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana-125004, India
| | - Taruna Anand
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Vaid
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - Mansi Yadav
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - Surender Singh Chandel
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - Praveen Malik
- C.C.S. National Institute of Animal Health, Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh-250609, India
| | - Bhupendra Nath Tripathi
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chi X, Zeng X, Li W, Hao W, Li M, Huang X, Huang Y, Rock DL, Luo S, Wang S. Genome analysis of orf virus isolates from goats in the Fujian Province of southern China. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1135. [PMID: 26557108 PMCID: PMC4616995 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV), a species of the genus Parapoxvirus of the family Poxviridae, causes non-systemic, highly contagious, and eruptive disease in sheep, goat, and other wild and domestic ruminants. Our previous work shows orf to be ubiquitous in the Fujian Province of China, a region where there is considerable heterogeneity among ORFVs. In this study, we sequenced full genomes of four Fujian goat ORFV strains (OV-GO, OV-YX, OV-NP, and OV-SJ1). The four strains were 132–139 kb in length, with each containing 124–132 genes and about 64% G+C content. The most notable differences between the four strains were found near the genome termini. OV-NP lacked seven and OV-SJ1 lacked three genes near the right terminus when compared against other ORFVs. We also investigated the skin-virulence of the four Fujian ORFVs in goats. The ORFVs with gene deletions showed low virulence while the ORFVs without gene deletions showed high virulence in goats suggesting gene deletion possibly leads to attenuation of ORFVs. Gene 134 was disrupted in OV-NP genome due to the lack of initial code. The phylogenetic tree based on complete Parapoxviruse genomes showed that sheep originated and goat originated ORFVs formed distinctly separate branches with 100% bootstrap. Based on the single gene phylogenetic tree of 132 genes of ORFVs, 47 genes can be easily distinguished as having originated from sheep or goats. In order to further reveal genetic variation presented in goat ORFVs and sheep ORFVs, we analyzed the deduced amino acid sequences of gene 008, multiple alignment of amino acid sequences of gene 008 from the genome of five goat ORFVs and four sheep ORFVs revealed 33 unique amino acids differentiating it as having sheep or goats as host. The availability of genomic sequences of four Fujian goat ORFVs aids in our understanding of the diversity of orf virus isolates in this region and can assist in distinguishing between orf strains that originate in sheep and goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Chi
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China ; University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiancheng Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China ; University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Hao
- Department of Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Daniel L Rock
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shuhong Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tuli A, Singla LD, Sharma A, Bal MS, Filia G, Kaur P. Molecular epidemiology, risk factors and hematochemical alterations induced by Theileria annulata in bovines of Punjab (India). Acta Parasitol 2015. [PMID: 26204174 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2015-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bovine tropical theileriosis, caused by Theileria annulata, is one of the economically important fatal tick borne haemoprotozoan diseases of dairy animals. The aim of present investigation was to map the distribution of T. annulata in bovines of Punjab state of India in relation to various risk factors including age, sex of animals, location and management of farms. In a cross sectional study, a total of 1278 blood samples were randomly collected from twenty districts falling in five major agro-climatic zones of Punjab. All the samples were screened by blood smear examination followed by polymerase chain reaction targeting SSU rRNA gene for Theileria spp. PCR positive samples (n = 386) for Theileria spp. were then analyzed for T. annulata by amplification of Tams1 gene. Overall prevalence of T. annulata was found to be 29.26% in Punjab, with highest in western Zone (40.49%, 95% CI = 35.57-45.41) and lowest in submountain zone (18.90%, 95% CI = 13.73-24.06). The propensity of incidence of T. annulata was found to be highest in cross bred cattle (32.40%, 95% CI = 29.87-34.94), followed by indigenous cattle (19.64%, 95% CI = 10.67-28.61) and buffaloes (19.2%, 95% CI = 14.99-23.41). Between the two sexes, incidence of T. annulata was higher in female animals. Calves less than 6 months of age were found to be more prone to theileriosis.
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang K, Xiao Y, Yu M, Liu J, Wang Q, Tao P, Liu S, Ning Z. Phylogenetic analysis of three orf virus strains isolated from different districts in Shandong Province, East China. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1639-45. [PMID: 26311786 PMCID: PMC4710721 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma, which is a zoonotic disease that affects sheep, goats, wild small ruminants and humans. Shandong Province in East China is one of the main producing areas in China for sheep and goats. Here, we conducted epidemiological surveys in different areas in this Province, isolated three orf virus strains, SDLC, SDTA and SDJN, from goat flocks and then analyzed the genetic evolution of these strains. The ORFV011, ORFV059, ORFV109, ORFV110 and ORFV127 genes of these three strains were amplified, sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ORFV011 of the SDLC and SDTA strains cluster together with the Gansu, Liaoning, Shanxi, Nantou, Hoping and FJ-YX strains, while SDJN clusters with the FJ-GS and FJ-GO strains. ORFV059 of the SDLC and SDTA strains cluster together with the FJ-YX strain, while SDJN clusters with the FJ-GS and FJ-GO strains. ORFV059 and ORFV127 of these three strains were similar to those of the OV-SA00 strain. The results suggested that SDLC, SDTA and SDJN originated from Fujian Province and formed a complex group of viruses in Shandong Province. As the role of ORFV127 gene responsible for the immune evasion of ORFV, the pathogenesis of these three virus strains may similar to that of OV-SA00. These three strains first isolated in Shandong Province are novel ORFV strains, and the data reported here will be helpful for further research about ORFV and its comprehensive prevention and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Orf virus, a member of the genus Parapoxvirus, is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma ('Orf'). It is a pathogen with worldwide distribution, causing significant financial losses in livestock production. The disease mainly affects sheep and goats, but various other ruminants and mammals have been reported to be infected as well. It is also a zoonotic disease, affecting mainly people who come in direct or indirect contact with infected animals (e.g. farmers, veterinarians). The disease is usually benign and self-limiting, although in many cases, especially in young animals, it can be persistent and even fatal. Production losses caused by Orf virus are believed to be underestimated, as it is not a notifiable disease. This review of literature presents all latest information regarding the virus; considerations regarding treatment and prevention will be also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Spyrou
- Technological Education Institute of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| | - G Valiakos
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Maan S, Kumar A, Batra K, Singh M, Nanda T, Ghosh A, Maan NS. Isolation and molecular characterization of contagious pustular dermatitis virus from Rajasthan, India. Virusdisease 2014; 25:376-80. [PMID: 25674607 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-014-0205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the isolation and identification of contagious pustular dermatitis virus/orf virus (ORFV) from an outbreak of contagious pustular dermatitis (orf) in flocks of goats, in the north western region of India (Rajasthan). The virus was isolated in Vero cell cultures from scab and swab suspensions and has been identified using GIF/IL-2 and B2L gene specific primers in PCR and sequencing. The virus showed high nucleotide identity with previously reported Chinese, far eastern, Brazilian and Indian isolates. This report described the use of molecular tools for fast, reliable and confirmatory diagnosis of ORFV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushila Maan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125 004 Haryana India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125 004 Haryana India
| | - Kanisht Batra
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125 004 Haryana India
| | - Mahendra Singh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125 004 Haryana India
| | - Trilok Nanda
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125 004 Haryana India
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125 004 Haryana India
| | - Narender S Maan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125 004 Haryana India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mahmud AKMF, Rahman KMZ, Dey SK, Islam T, Talukder AA. Genome Annotation and Comparative Genomics of ORF Virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2014.415122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|