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Vo TTB, Wira Sanjaya IGNP, Kil EJ, Lal A, Ho PT, Nattanong B, Tabassum M, Qureshi MA, Lee TK, Lee S. Transreplication Preference of the Tomato Leaf Curl Joydebpur Virus for a Noncognate Betasatellite through Iteron Resemblance on Nicotiana bethamiana. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2907. [PMID: 38138051 PMCID: PMC10745424 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pepper plants (Capsicum annuum) with severe leaf curl symptoms were collected in 2013 from Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The detection results showed a co-infection between the tomato leaf curl Joydebpur virus (ToLCJoV) and tomato leaf curl Bangladesh betasatellite (ToLCBDB) through the sequencing analysis of PCR amplicons. To pinpoint the molecular mechanism of this uncommon combination, infectious clones of ToLCJoV and two different betasatellites-ToLCBDB and tomato leaf curl Joydebpur betasatellite (ToLCJoB)-were constructed and tested for their infectivity in Nicotiana benthamiana. Together, we conducted various combined agroinoculation studies to compare the interaction of ToLCJoV with non-cognate and cognate betasatellites. The natural non-cognate interaction between ToLCJoV and ToLCBDB showed severe symptoms compared to the mild symptoms of a cognate combination (ToLCJoV × ToLCJoB) in infected plants. A sequence comparison among betasatellites and their helper virus wasperformed and the iteron resemblances in ToLCBDB as well as ToLCJoB clones were processed. Mutant betasatellites that comprised iteron modifications revealed that changes in iteron sequences could disturb the transreplication process between betasatellites and their helper virus. Our study might provide an important consideration for determining the efficiency of transreplication activity between betasatellites and their helper virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy T. B. Vo
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (T.T.B.V.); (I.G.N.P.W.S.); (P.T.H.); (B.N.); (M.T.); (M.A.Q.)
| | - I Gusti Ngurah Prabu Wira Sanjaya
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (T.T.B.V.); (I.G.N.P.W.S.); (P.T.H.); (B.N.); (M.T.); (M.A.Q.)
| | - Eui-Joon Kil
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.K.); (A.L.)
| | - Aamir Lal
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.K.); (A.L.)
| | - Phuong T. Ho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (T.T.B.V.); (I.G.N.P.W.S.); (P.T.H.); (B.N.); (M.T.); (M.A.Q.)
| | - Bupi Nattanong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (T.T.B.V.); (I.G.N.P.W.S.); (P.T.H.); (B.N.); (M.T.); (M.A.Q.)
| | - Marjia Tabassum
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (T.T.B.V.); (I.G.N.P.W.S.); (P.T.H.); (B.N.); (M.T.); (M.A.Q.)
| | - Muhammad Amir Qureshi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (T.T.B.V.); (I.G.N.P.W.S.); (P.T.H.); (B.N.); (M.T.); (M.A.Q.)
| | - Taek-Kyun Lee
- Ecological Risk Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (T.T.B.V.); (I.G.N.P.W.S.); (P.T.H.); (B.N.); (M.T.); (M.A.Q.)
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Qiao Q, Wu C, Cheng TT, Yan Y, Zhang L, Wan YL, Wang JW, Liu QZ, Feng Z, Liu Y. Comparative Analysis of the Metabolome and Transcriptome between the Green and Yellow-Green Regions of Variegated Leaves in a Mutant Variety of the Tree Species Pteroceltis tatarinowii. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094950. [PMID: 35563341 PMCID: PMC9101679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, many different factors cause plants to develop variegated leaves. To explore the mechanism of variegated leaf formation in Pteroceltis tatarinowii, a mutant variety ('Jinyuyuan'), which was induced by ethylmethylsulfone, was selected, and its morphological structure, physiology, biochemistry, transcription and metabolism were analysed. According to differences in colour values, the colours were divided into two regions: a green region and a yellow-green region. The chlorophyll content of the two regions was significantly different. Moreover, the yellow-green regions of the leaves were significantly thinner than the green regions. The chloroplast ultrastructure in the yellow-green region revealed small chloroplasts, large vacuoles, small starch grains, obviously increased numbers of osmophilic grains, loose lamellae of the inner capsule and thin lamellae. Moreover, the yellow-green region was accompanied by oxidative stress, and the activity of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway related to oxidative activity in the transcriptome showed an upward trend. Vitamin B6 and proline contents also increased, indicating that the antioxidant activity of cells in the yellow-green region increased. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to chlorophyll synthesis and metabolism led to a decrease in the photosynthesis and then a decrease in the assimilation ability and contents of sucrose, starch and other assimilates. Amino acid synthesis and metabolism, lipid synthesis and the activity of metabolic pathways were obviously downregulated, and the contents of differentially accumulated metabolites associated with amino acids and lipids were also reduced. At the same time, 31 out of 32 DEGs involved in the flavonoid synthesis pathway were downregulated, which affected leaf colour. We hypothesized that the variegated leaves of P. tatarinowii 'Jinyuyuan' are caused by transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Mutations in pigment and flavonoid synthesis pathway genes and transcription factor genes directly affect both pigment and flavonoid synthesis and degradation rate, which in turn affect carbon assimilation, carbon fixation, related protein synthesis and enzyme activity, lipid synthesis and degradation and the activity of other metabolic pathways, eventually leading to the formation of different colour regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Q.); (Y.-L.W.)
| | - Chong Wu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an 271000, China; (C.W.); (J.-W.W.); (Q.-Z.L.)
| | - Tian-Tian Cheng
- Taishan Forestry Science Institute, Tai’an 271018, China; (T.-T.C.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yu Yan
- Taishan Forestry Science Institute, Tai’an 271018, China; (T.-T.C.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lin Zhang
- Taishan Forestry Science Institute, Tai’an 271018, China; (T.-T.C.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ying-Lin Wan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Q.); (Y.-L.W.)
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an 271000, China; (C.W.); (J.-W.W.); (Q.-Z.L.)
| | - Qing-Zhong Liu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an 271000, China; (C.W.); (J.-W.W.); (Q.-Z.L.)
| | - Zhen Feng
- Department of Forestry, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Q.); (Y.-L.W.)
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (Y.L.)
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3
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Zhai Y, Roy A, Peng H, Mullendore DL, Kaur G, Mandal B, Mukherjee SK, Pappu HR. Identification and Functional Analysis of Four RNA Silencing Suppressors in Begomovirus Croton Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:768800. [PMID: 35069624 PMCID: PMC8777275 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.768800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Croton yellow vein mosaic virus (CYVMV), a species in the genus Begomovirus, is a prolific monopartite begomovirus in the Indian sub-continent. CYVMV infects multiple crop plants to cause leaf curl disease. Plants have developed host RNA silencing mechanisms to defend the threat of viruses, including CYVMV. We characterized four RNA silencing suppressors, namely, V2, C2, and C4 encoded by CYVMV and betasatellite-encoded C1 protein (βC1) encoded by the cognate betasatellite, croton yellow vein betasatellite (CroYVMB). Their silencing suppressor functions were verified by the ability of restoring the β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity suppressed by RNA silencing. We showed here for the first time that V2 was capable of self-interacting, as well as interacting with the V1 protein, and could be translocalized to the plasmodesmata in the presence of CYVMV. The knockout of either V2 or V1 impaired the intercellular mobility of CYVMV, indicating their novel coordinated roles in the cell-to-cell movement of the virus. As pathogenicity determinants, each of V2, C2, and C4 could induce typical leaf curl symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana plants even under transient expression. Interestingly, the transcripts and proteins of all four suppressors could be detected in the systemically infected leaves with no correlation to symptom induction. Overall, our work identifies four silencing suppressors encoded by CYVMV and its cognate betasatellite and reveals their subcellular localizations, interaction behavior, and roles in symptom induction and intercellular virus movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Anirban Roy
- Advanced Center for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Daniel L. Mullendore
- Franceschi Microscopy and Imaging Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Advanced Center for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Bikash Mandal
- Advanced Center for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mukherjee
- Advanced Center for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Hanu R. Pappu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Jailani AAK, Kumar P, Shilpi S, Tarafdar J, Roy A, Mukherjee SK, Sanan-Mishra N, Mandal B. Genomic properties of allamanda leaf mottle distortion virus, a new begomovirus from golden trumpet (Allamanda cathartica) in India. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2905-2909. [PMID: 34383166 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Golden trumpet (Allamanda cathartica) plants were observed to exhibit mottling and distortion symptoms on leaves. The genome of an associated begomovirus (Al-K1) was amplified by rolling-circle amplification, cloned, and sequenced. The viral genome consisted of two circular ssDNA molecules, and the organization of the ORFs was similar to those of DNA-A and DNA-B components of bipartite begomoviruses. The size of DNA-A (KC202818) and DNA-B (MG969497) of the begomovirus was 2772 and 2690 nucleotides, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed that the DNA-A and DNA-B components shared the highest sequence identity with duranta leaf curl virus (MN537564, 87.8%) and cotton leaf curl Alabad virus (MH760452, 81.0%), respectively. Interestingly, the Al-K1 isolate shared significantly less nucleotide sequence identity with allamanda leaf curl virus (EF602306, 71.6%), the only monopartite begomovirus reported previously in golden trumpet from China. Al-K1 shared less than 91% sequence identity with other begomoviruses, and hence, according to the latest ICTV guidelines for species demarcation of begomoviruses, Al-K1 is proposed to be a member of a new species, and we propose the name "allamanda leaf mottle distortion virus" (AllLMoDV-[IN-Al_K1-12]) for this virus. AllLMoDV was detected in various golden trumpet samples from different locations by PCR with specific primers based on the genome sequence determined in this study. Our study provides evidence of the occurrence of a new bipartite begomovirus in a perennial ornamental plant in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abdul Kader Jailani
- 1Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, ICGEB, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- 1Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - S Shilpi
- 1Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - J Tarafdar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirban Roy
- 1Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | | | - Bikash Mandal
- 1Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Sarkar M, Aggarwal S, Mukherjee SK, Mandal B, Roy A. Sub-cellular localization of suppressor proteins of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus. Virusdisease 2021; 32:298-304. [PMID: 34350318 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), a bipartite begomovirus, is the most important among the 14 species of begomoviruses infecting tomato in Indian subcontinent. Begomovirus is known to evade RNA silencing of host plants through suppressor proteins. However, in case of ToLCNDV, the suppressor proteins have not been studied well. The objective of the study is to know the sub-cellular localization of three suppressor proteins encoded by AV2, AC2 and AC4 ORFs of ToLCNDV in Nicotiana benthamiana. AV2, AC2 and AC4 ORFs of ToLCNDV were cloned and sequenced (accession numbers MW423574, MW423576, MW423575, respectively) from a ToLCNDV isolate characterized earlier (accession number MW429271) and GFP tagged constructs were prepared in a plant expressing binary vector pEarleygate103. Bioinformatics analysis using Peptide 2.0 server predicted that all these proteins have more basic amino acid residues then acidic amino acid and AV2 protein has more hydrophobic amino acid residues. ScanProsite server predicted presence of different fuctional motifs in these proteins amongst which presence of kinase motif was observed in all of them. Virus mPLoc server predicted their subcellular localization. The suppressor gene constructs were agroinfiltrated on to leaves of one month old N. benthamiana plants and their subcellular localization has been studied through confocal microscopy. Results have shown that AV2 localizes in the host cell membrane and nucleus, AC2 in the nucleus and AC4 in the host cell membrane. Earlier reports with other begomoviruses also showed similar localization behaviour of these suppressor protein except AV2, where it was shown to be present in cytoplasm. Such localization study will help understand the mechanism of their suppression activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehulee Sarkar
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Shilpi Aggarwal
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mukherjee
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Bikash Mandal
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Anirban Roy
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
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Li Y, Li W, Hu D, Shen P, Zhang G, Zhu Y. Comparative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome between green and albino zones of variegated leaves from Hydrangea macrophylla 'Maculata' infected by hydrangea ringspot virus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:195-210. [PMID: 33120111 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In nature, many different factors cause plants to present variegated leaves. The purpose of this study was to reveal the changes in the green and albino leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla 'Maculata'. It was found that in the albino zone, the leaves became thinner, the chloroplast structure disappeared, and a large number of leucoplasts replaced chloroplasts. In addition, the albino zone of the leaves contained almost no chlorophyll and showed no function related to transforming and utilizing light energy, and more intense oxidative stress was observed in the albino zone of the leaves than in the green zone. RNA-seq analysis showed that the chlorophyll synthesis pathway of the albino zone of leaves was blocked. Upregulated expression of the hydrangea ringspot virus (HdRSV) coat protein (CP) gene was detected in albino tissue by RT-qPCR. Finally, combined UPLC-MS/MS and RNA-seq analyses revealed metabolic changes involving multiple pathways in albino leaf tissue, centered on the TCA cycle. We hypothesize that HdRSV may alter energy metabolism in the albino zone of leaves, including increased lipid metabolism, reduced sugar metabolism, and increased synthesis of amino acids and the viral capsid protein from ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Wenji Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Di Hu
- The Fine Arts College of Sichuan Normal University, No.1819 ChengLong Avenue, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, 610101, China.
| | - Ping Shen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Yuan Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210042, China.
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Khatun MF, Hwang HS, Shim JK, Kil EJ, Lee S, Lee KY. Identification of begomoviruses from different cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci in Bangladesh. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104069. [PMID: 32061918 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci is a global species complex consisting of at least 40 cryptic species. It is also a vector for at least 100 species of begomovirus, many of which cause severe crop damage. The relationship between begomoviruses and cryptic species of the B. tabaci species complex, however, remains unclear. Our previous study [13] was identified four cryptic species (Asia I, Asia II 1, Asia II 5, and Asia II 10) of B. tabaci from Bangladesh. Using those 110 whitefly samples, vector-based PCR analysis identified 8 different begomovirus species: BYVMV, BGYVV, OELCV, SLCCV, SLCV, TbCSV, ToLCBV, and ToLCNDV. The overall rate of virus infection was 26.4%, and BYVMV and ToLCNDV were the most frequently detected in the B. tabaci vector. Virus infection rates for Asia I, Asia II 1, Asia II 5, and Asia II 10 were 22.4% (15/67), 35% (7/20), 27.3% (6/22), and 100% (1/1), respectively. Each cryptic species infected multiple virus species, but SLCCV, TbCSV, and BGYVV were each only detected in, Asia I, Asia II 1, and Asia II 5, respectively. This study demonstrates the geographic distribution of various begomoviruses in Bangladesh and their relationships with cryptic species of B. tabaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Fatema Khatun
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hwal-Su Hwang
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyoung Shim
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Joon Kil
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Roy A, Zhai Y, Ortiz J, Neff M, Mandal B, Mukherjee SK, Pappu HR. Multiplexed editing of a begomovirus genome restricts escape mutant formation and disease development. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223765. [PMID: 31644604 PMCID: PMC6808502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses cause serious damage to many economically important food, feed, and fiber crops. Numerous vegetable crops are severely affected and chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) is the most dominant and widely distributed begomovirus in chilli (Capsicum annuum) throughout the Indian subcontinent. Recently, CRISPR-Cas9 technology was used as a means to reduce geminivirus replication in infected plants. However, this approach was shown to have certain limitations such as the evolution of escape mutants. In this study, we used a novel, multiplexed guide RNA (gRNA) based CRISPR-Cas9 approach that targets the viral genome at two or more sites simultaneously. This tactic was effective in eliminating the ChiLCV genome without recurrence of functional escape mutants. Six individual gRNA spacer sequences were designed from the ChiLCV genome and in vitro assays confirmed the cleavage behaviour of these spacer sequences. Multiplexed gRNA expression clones, based on combinations of the above-mentioned spacer sequences, were developed. A total of nine-duplex and two-triplex CRISPR-Cas9 constructs were made. The efficacy of these constructs was tested for inhibition of ChiLCV infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Results indicated that all the constructs caused a significant reduction in viral DNA accumulation. In particular, three constructs (gRNA5+4, gRNA5+2 and gRNA1+2) were most effective in reducing the viral titer and symptoms. T7E1 assay and sequencing of the targeted viral genome did not detect any escape mutants. The multiplexed genome-editing technique could be an effective way to trigger a high level of resistance against begemoviruses. To our knowledge, this is the first report of demonstrating the effectiveness of a multiplexed gRNA-based plant virus genome editing to minimize and eliminate escape mutant formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Roy
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ying Zhai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Jessica Ortiz
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Michael Neff
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Bikash Mandal
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mukherjee
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Hanu R. Pappu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
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9
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Pan L, Chen Q, Guo T, Wang X, Li P, Wang X, Liu S. Differential efficiency of a begomovirus to cross the midgut of different species of whiteflies results in variation of virus transmission by the vectors. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:1254-1265. [PMID: 29785572 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Begomoviruses are important crop viral disease agents, and they are transmitted by whiteflies of the Bemisia tabaci complex. Although the transmission of begomoviruses by whiteflies has been studied for many years, the mechanisms governing differential transmission of begomoviruses by different species of the Bemisia tabaci complex remain largely unknown. Here we firstly compared the transmission efficiency of tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) by four species of the B. tabaci complex and found that Asia II 1 transmitted this virus with the highest efficiency, whereas MEAM1 transmitted it with the lowest. Next, by performing quantitative analysis of virus and immune-fluorescence detection, we found that the efficiency of TbCSV to cross the midgut wall was higher in Asia II 1 than in MEAM1. Finally, we set the quantities of virions in the haemolymph to the same level in Asia II 1 and MEAM1 via injection and then compared their capacity in TbCSV transmission, and found that the difference in TbCSV transmission between them became smaller. Taken together, our findings suggest that the efficiency of a begomovirus to cross the midgut wall of a whitefly to reach the vector's haemolymph plays a significant role in determining transmission of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Pan
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qunfang Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ping Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shusheng Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Kumar A, Bag MK, Singh R, Jailani AAK, Mandal B, Roy A. Natural infection of croton yellow vein mosaic virus and its cognate betasatellite in germplasm of different Crambe spp in India. Virus Res 2018; 243:60-64. [PMID: 29031475 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Crambe is an important crop grown worldwide for industrial oil and seed meal. Besides the fungal and bacterial diseases, the crop is reported to be infected by tobacco mosaic virus, beet western yellows virus and turnip mosaic virus under experimental condition. Till now, there was no report of natural infection of any begomovirus in this crop. In the present study, a leaf curl disease was observed in germplasm accessions of three species of Crambe (C. abyssinica, C. glabrata and C. hispanica). Based on the symptoms and presence of whitefly population in the field, begomovirus infection was suspected. Molecular characterization through RCA approach, indicated presence of croton yellow vein mosaic virus (CYVMV, KJ747958) and croton yellow vein mosaic betasatellite (CroYVMB, KM229762). Co-agroinoculation of partial dimeric construct of CYVMV with complete dimeric construct of CroYVMB, produced typical leaf curl symptoms in C. abyssinica, whereas, agroinoculation of partial dimeric construct of CYVMV alone could not produce symptoms in the same plant. In contrast, the CYVMV construct alone could produce symptom in Nicotiana benthamiana, a model host for plant virus studies. In N. benthamiana co-inoculation of CroYVMV with CYVMV construct develop more severe symptoms. However, neither the CYVMV construct alone nor the co-inoculation with CroYVMB produce any symptom in Arabidopsis thaliana even with different methods of inoculation. Inoculated Arabidopsis thaliana also did not yield any amplification of the virus as assessed through PCR and rolling circle amplification (RCA). Thus it confirmed that for successful infection in crambe, CYVMV requires betasatellite, while in N. benthamiana, it does not require betasatellite for symptom induction and in Arabidopsis thaliana CYVMV alone or in presence of betasatellite did not replicate and produce any symptom. This study constitutes the first confirmed record of natural infection of a begomovirus in crambe and further confirmed that cognate betasatellite of CYVMV has differential role in infectivity in different hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110012, India
| | - Manas Kumar Bag
- Germplasm Evaluation Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi - 110012, India
| | - Ranbir Singh
- Germplasm Evaluation Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi - 110012, India
| | - A Abdul Kader Jailani
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110012, India
| | - Bikash Mandal
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110012, India
| | - Anirban Roy
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110012, India.
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11
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Jailani AAK, Kumar A, Mandal B, Sivasudha T, Roy A. Agroinfection of tobacco by croton yellow vein mosaic virus and designing of a replicon vector for expression of foreign gene in plant. Virusdisease 2016; 27:277-286. [PMID: 28466040 PMCID: PMC5394710 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-016-0326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Croton yellow vein mosaic virus (CYVMV, genus Begomovirus family Geminiviridae) is a proliferating begomovirus in the Indian sub-continent. The infectious constructs in binary vector was developed against the CYVMV genome and its associated betasatellite. Agroinoculation of the genomic construct of CYVMV produced leaf curl symptoms alone in three species of tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, N. benthamiana and N. glutinosa. Co-inoculation of betasatellite enhanced the severity of the disease and reduced the incubation time. Based on the infectious clone, a replicon vector pCro, with only the ability to replicate inside the plant was developed. In pCro vector, CP and V2 ORFs from genome of CYVMV was deleted, which resulted localised replication of the molecule with no visible symptoms. Besides the partial CYVMV genome, pCro also has a cassette containing a double 35S promoter, multiple cloning sites and a NOS terminator to overexpress any foreign protein in plant. Episomal release of the replicon from the binary vector backbone after agroinoculation was detected by PCR. A GFP gene was cloned in pCro vector (pCro-GFP) and agroinoculated to N. tabacum resulted in localized expression of GFP at 5 dpi. The CYVMV replicon vector will be a useful tool for studying functional genomics, vaccine expression and gene silencing in plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Abdul Kader Jailani
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Alok Kumar
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Bikash Mandal
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - T. Sivasudha
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Anirban Roy
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
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