1
|
Gonçalves VN, Pimenta RS, Lopes FAC, Santos KCR, Silva MC, Convey P, Câmara PEAS, Rosa LH. Fungal and fungal-like diversity present in ornithogenically influenced maritime Antarctic soils assessed using metabarcoding. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2300601. [PMID: 38386010 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
We assessed soil fungal and fungal-like diversity using metabarcoding in ornithogenically influenced soils around nests of the bird species Phalacrocorax atriceps, Macronectes giganteus, Pygoscelis antarcticus, and Pygoscelis adelie on the South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctic. A total of 1,392,784 fungal DNA reads was obtained and assigned to 186 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). The dominant fungal phylum was Ascomycota, followed by Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Rozellomycota, Mortierellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Mucoromycota, and the fungal-like Oomycota (Stramenopila), in rank order. Antarctomyces sp., Blastocladiomycota sp., Pseudogymnoascus pannorum, Microascaceae sp., Mortierella sp., Lobulomycetales sp., Sordariomycetes sp., Fungal sp., Rhizophydiales sp., Pseudeurotiaceae sp., Chytridiomycota sp. 1, Filobasidiella sp., Tausonia pullulans, Betamyces sp., and Leucosporidium sp. were the most abundant assigned taxa. The fungal assemblages present in the different ornithogenically influenced soils displayed different diversity indices. However, in general, we detected high fungal diversity and few taxa shared between the samples. Despite the polyextreme environmental conditions experienced in these Antarctic soils, the metabarcoding approach detected a rich and complex fungal community dominated by saprophytes, but with some pathogenic taxa also present. The community was dominated by psychrophilic and psychrotolerant taxa, some apparently endemic to Antarctica, and those identified only at higher taxonomic levels, which may represent currently undescribed fungi. The mycobiome detected included taxa characterized by different ecological roles, including saprotrophic, human- and animal-associated, phytopathogenic, mutualistic, and cosmopolitan. These fungi may potentially be dispersed by birds or in the air column over great distances, including between different regions within Antarctica and from South America, Africa, and Oceania.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vívian Nicolau Gonçalves
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Raphael Sânzio Pimenta
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, Tocantins, Brasil
| | - Fabyano A C Lopes
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, Tocantins, Brasil
| | - Karita C R Santos
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, Tocantins, Brasil
| | - Micheline C Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Las Palmeras, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile
| | - Paulo E A S Câmara
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Fungos, Algas e Plantas, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brasil
| | - Luiz H Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Teixeira EAA, de Souza LMD, Vieira R, Lirio JM, Coria SH, Convey P, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Enzymes and biosurfactants of industrial interest produced by culturable fungi present in sediments of Boeckella Lake, Hope Bay, north-east Antarctic Peninsula. Extremophiles 2024; 28:30. [PMID: 38907846 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-024-01345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
This study characterized cultivable fungi present in sediments obtained from Boeckella Lake, Hope Bay, in the north-east of the Antarctic Peninsula, and evaluated their production of enzymes and biosurfactants of potential industrial interest. A total of 116 fungal isolates were obtained, which were classified into 16 genera within the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota, in rank. The most abundant genera of filamentous fungi included Pseudogymnoascus, Pseudeurotium and Antarctomyces; for yeasts, Thelebolales and Naganishia taxa were dominant. Overall, the lake sediments exhibited high fungal diversity and moderate richness and dominance. The enzymes esterase, cellulase and protease were the most abundantly produced by these fungi. Ramgea cf. ozimecii, Holtermanniella wattica, Leucosporidium creatinivorum, Leucosporidium sp., Mrakia blollopis, Naganishia sp. and Phenoliferia sp. displayed enzymatic index > 2. Fourteen isolates of filamentous fungi demonstrated an Emulsification Index 24% (EI24%) ≥ 50%; among them, three isolates of A. psychrotrophicus showed an EI24% > 80%. Boeckella Lake itself is in the process of drying out due to the impact of regional climate change, and may be lost completely in approaching decades, therefore hosts a threatened community of cultivable fungi that produce important biomolecules with potential application in biotechnological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Amorim Amâncio Teixeira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar E Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P. O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Láuren Machado Drumond de Souza
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar E Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P. O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Vieira
- Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile
| | - Carlos Augusto Rosa
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar E Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P. O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar E Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P. O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rabelo NG, Gonçalves VN, Carvalho MA, Scheffler SM, Santiago G, Sucerquia PA, Oliveira FS, Campos LP, Lopes FAC, Santos KCR, Silva MC, Convey P, Câmara PEAS, Rosa LH. Endolithic Fungal Diversity in Antarctic Oligocene Rock Samples Explored Using DNA Metabarcoding. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:414. [PMID: 38927294 PMCID: PMC11200754 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the fungal diversity present associated with cores of Oligocene rocks using a DNA metabarcoding approach. We detected 940,969 DNA reads grouped into 198 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) representing the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota, Mucoromycota, Rozellomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Zoopagomycota, Aphelidiomycota (Fungi) and the fungal-like Oomycota (Stramenopila), in rank abundance order. Pseudogymnoascus pannorum, Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Aspergillaceae sp. and Diaporthaceae sp. were assessed to be dominant taxa, with 22 fungal ASVs displaying intermediate abundance and 170 being minor components of the assigned fungal diversity. The data obtained displayed high diversity indices, while rarefaction indicated that the majority of the diversity was detected. However, the diversity indices varied between the cores analysed. The endolithic fungal community detected using a metabarcoding approach in the Oligocene rock samples examined contains a rich and complex mycobiome comprising taxa with different lifestyles, comparable with the diversity reported in recent studies of a range of Antarctic habitats. Due to the high fungal diversity detected, our results suggest the necessity of further research to develop strategies to isolate these fungi in culture for evolutionary, physiological, and biogeochemical studies, and to assess their potential role in biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natana G. Rabelo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (N.G.R.); (V.N.G.)
| | - Vívian N. Gonçalves
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (N.G.R.); (V.N.G.)
| | - Marcelo A. Carvalho
- Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20940-040, Brazil; (M.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Sandro M. Scheffler
- Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20940-040, Brazil; (M.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Gustavo Santiago
- Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20940-040, Brazil; (M.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Paula A. Sucerquia
- Departmento de Geologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-540, Brazil;
| | - Fabio S. Oliveira
- Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.S.O.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Larissa P. Campos
- Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.S.O.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Fabyano A. C. Lopes
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Porto Nacional 77500-000, Brazil; (F.A.C.L.); (K.C.R.S.)
| | - Karita C. R. Santos
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Porto Nacional 77500-000, Brazil; (F.A.C.L.); (K.C.R.S.)
| | - Micheline C. Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70297-400, Brazil; (M.C.S.)
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK;
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams 6350000, Chile
| | - Paulo E. A. S. Câmara
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70297-400, Brazil; (M.C.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fungos, Algas e Plantas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz H. Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (N.G.R.); (V.N.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Menezes GCA, Lopes FAC, Santos KCR, Silva MC, Convey P, Câmara PEAS, Rosa LH. Fungal diversity present in snow sampled in summer in the north-west Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctica, assessed using metabarcoding. Extremophiles 2024; 28:23. [PMID: 38575688 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-024-01338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
We assessed the fungal diversity present in snow sampled during summer in the north-west Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctica using a metabarcoding approach. A total of 586,693 fungal DNA reads were obtained and assigned to 203 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). The dominant phylum was Ascomycota, followed by Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota and Mucoromycota. Penicillium sp., Pseudogymnoascus pannorum, Coniochaeta sp., Aspergillus sp., Antarctomyces sp., Phenoliferia sp., Cryolevonia sp., Camptobasidiaceae sp., Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Bannozyma yamatoana were assessed as abundant taxa. The snow fungal diversity indices were high but varied across the different locations sampled. Of the fungal ASVs detected, only 28 were present all sampling locations. The 116 fungal genera detected in the snow were dominated by saprotrophic taxa, followed by symbiotrophic and pathotrophic. Our data indicate that, despite the low temperature and oligotrophic conditions, snow can host a richer mycobiome than previously reported through traditional culturing studies. The snow mycobiome includes a complex diversity dominated by cosmopolitan, cold-adapted, psychrophilic and endemic taxa. While saprophytes dominate this community, a range of other functional groups are present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabyano A C Lopes
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, Brazil
| | - Karita C R Santos
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, Brazil
| | - Micheline C Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile
| | - Paulo E A S Câmara
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Fungos, Algas e Plantas, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Luiz H Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
da Silva MK, Barreto DLC, Vieira R, Neto AA, de Oliveira FS, Convey P, Rosa CA, Duarte AWF, Rosa LH. Diversity and enzymatic, biosurfactant and phytotoxic activities of culturable Ascomycota fungi present in marine sediments obtained near the South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctica. Extremophiles 2024; 28:20. [PMID: 38493412 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-024-01336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
We studied the culturable fungal community recovered from deep marine sediments in the maritime Antarctic, and assessed their capabilities to produce exoenzymes, emulsifiers and metabolites with phytotoxic activity. Sixty-eight Ascomycota fungal isolates were recovered and identified. The most abundant taxon recovered was the yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii, followed by the filamentous fungi Penicillium chrysogenum, P. cf. palitans, Pseudeurotium cf. bakeri, Thelebolus balaustiformis, Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus and Cladosporium sp. Diversity indices displayed low values overall, with the highest values obtained at shallow depth, decreasing to the deepest location sampled. Only M. guilliermondii and P. cf. palitans were detected in the sediments at all depths sampled, and were the most abundant taxa at all sample sites. The most abundant enzymes detected were proteases, followed by invertases, cellulases, lipases, carrageenases, agarases, pectinases and esterases. Four isolates showed good biosurfactant activity, particularly the endemic species A. psychrotrophicus. Twenty-four isolates of P. cf. palitans displayed strong phytotoxic activities against the models Lactuca sativa and Allium schoenoprasum. The cultivable fungi recovered demonstrated good biosynthetic activity in the production of hydrolytic exoenzymes, biosurfactant molecules and metabolites with phytotoxic activity, reinforcing the importance of documenting the taxonomic, ecological and biotechnological properties of fungi present in deep oceanic sediments of the Southern Ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayanne Karla da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Débora Luiza Costa Barreto
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Vieira
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arthur Ayres Neto
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile
| | - Carlos Augusto Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P. O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Adouane E, Mercier C, Mamelle J, Willocquet E, Intertaglia L, Burgunter-Delamare B, Leblanc C, Rousvoal S, Lami R, Prado S. Importance of quorum sensing crosstalk in the brown alga Saccharina latissima epimicrobiome. iScience 2024; 27:109176. [PMID: 38433891 PMCID: PMC10906538 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Brown macroalgae are colonized by diverse microorganisms influencing the physiology of their host. However, cell-cell interactions within the surface microbiome (epimicrobiome) are largely unexplored, despite the significance of specific chemical mediators in maintaining host-microbiome homeostasis. In this study, by combining liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis and bioassays, we demonstrated that the widely diverse fungal epimicrobiota of the brown alga Saccharina latissima can affect quorum sensing (QS), a type of cell-cell interaction, as well as bacterial biofilm formation. We also showed the ability of the bacterial epimicrobiota to form and inhibit biofilm growth, as well as to activate or inhibit QS pathways. Overall, we demonstrate that QS and anti-QS compounds produced by the epimicrobiota are key metabolites in these brown algal epimicrobiota communities and highlight the importance of exploring this epimicrobiome for the discovery of new bioactive compounds, including potentially anti-QS molecules with antifouling properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Adouane
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes MCAM, UMR 7245, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UAR 3579 Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Camille Mercier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UAR 3579 Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Jeanne Mamelle
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UAR 3579 Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Emma Willocquet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UAR 3579 Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Laurent Intertaglia
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Bio2Mar, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Bertille Burgunter-Delamare
- Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins, LBI2M (Sorbonne Université/CNRS), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins, LBI2M (Sorbonne Université/CNRS), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Sylvie Rousvoal
- Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins, LBI2M (Sorbonne Université/CNRS), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Raphaël Lami
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UAR 3579 Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Soizic Prado
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes MCAM, UMR 7245, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Palma D, Oliva V, Montanares M, Gil-Durán C, Travisany D, Chávez R, Vaca I. Expanding the Toolbox for Genetic Manipulation in Pseudogymnoascus: RNAi-Mediated Silencing and CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Disruption of a Polyketide Synthase Gene Involved in Red Pigment Production in P. verrucosus. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:157. [PMID: 38392828 PMCID: PMC10889956 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungi belonging to the genus Pseudogymnoascus have garnered increasing attention in recent years. One of the members of the genus, P. destructans, has been identified as the causal agent of a severe bat disease. Simultaneously, the knowledge of Pseudogymnoascus species has expanded, in parallel with the increased availability of genome sequences. Moreover, Pseudogymnoascus exhibits great potential as a producer of specialized metabolites, displaying a diverse array of biological activities. Despite these significant advancements, the genetic landscape of Pseudogymnoascus remains largely unexplored due to the scarcity of suitable molecular tools for genetic manipulation. In this study, we successfully implemented RNAi-mediated gene silencing and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption in Pseudogymnoascus, using an Antarctic strain of Pseudogymnoascus verrucosus as a model. Both methods were applied to target azpA, a gene involved in red pigment biosynthesis. Silencing of the azpA gene to levels of 90% or higher eliminated red pigment production, resulting in transformants exhibiting a white phenotype. On the other hand, the CRISPR/Cas9 system led to a high percentage (73%) of transformants with a one-nucleotide insertion, thereby inactivating azpA and abolishing red pigment production, resulting in a white phenotype. The successful application of RNAi-mediated gene silencing and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption represents a significant advancement in Pseudogymnoascus research, opening avenues for comprehensive functional genetic investigations within this underexplored fungal genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Palma
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Vicente Oliva
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Mariana Montanares
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Carlos Gil-Durán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Dante Travisany
- Núcleo de Investigación en Data Science, Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile
| | - Renato Chávez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Inmaculada Vaca
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nardo VG, Otero IVR, Giovanella P, Santos JAD, Pellizzer EP, Dovigo DR, Paes ECP, Sette LD. Biobank of fungi from marine and terrestrial Antarctic environments. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20230603. [PMID: 38126380 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320230603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Harsh and extreme environments, such as Antarctica, offer unique opportunities to explore new microbial taxa and biomolecules. Given the limited knowledge on microbial diversity, this study aimed to compile, analyze and compare a subset of the biobank of Antarctic fungi maintained at the UNESP's Central of Microbial Resources (CRM-UNESP). A total of 711 isolates (240 yeasts and 471 filamentous fungi) from marine and terrestrial samples collected at King George Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica) were used with the primary objective of investigating their presence in both marine and terrestrial environments. Among the yeasts, 13 genera were found, predominantly belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota. Among the filamentous fungi, 34 genera were represented, predominantly from the phylum Ascomycota. The most abundant genera in the marine samples were Metschnikowia, Mrakia, and Pseudogymnoascus, while in the terrestrial samples, they were Pseudogymnoascus, Leucosporidium, and Mortierella. Most of the genera and species of the CRM-UNESP biobank of Antarctic fungi are being reported as an important target for biotechnological applications. This study showed the relevance of the CRM-UNESP biobank, highlighting the importance of applying standard methods for the preservation of the biological material and associated data (BMaD), as recommended in national and international standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor G Nardo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Av. 24A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor V R Otero
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Av. 24A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Giovanella
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Av. 24A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Centro de Estudos Ambientais, Av. 24A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Aparecida Dos Santos
- Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí (Univás), Av. Prefeito Tuany Toledo, 470, Fatima, 37550-000 Pouso Alegre, MG, Brazil
| | - Elisa P Pellizzer
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Av. 24A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel R Dovigo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Av. 24A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C P Paes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Av. 24A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara D Sette
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Av. 24A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Centro de Estudos Ambientais, Av. 24A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Marchetta A, Papale M, Rappazzo AC, Rizzo C, Camacho A, Rochera C, Azzaro M, Urzì C, Lo Giudice A, De Leo F. A Deep Insight into the Diversity of Microfungal Communities in Arctic and Antarctic Lakes. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1095. [PMID: 37998900 PMCID: PMC10672340 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed fungal diversity in water and sediment samples obtained from five Arctic lakes in Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard Islands, High Arctic) and five Antarctic lakes on Livingston and Deception Islands (South Shetland Islands), using DNA metabarcoding. A total of 1,639,074 fungal DNA reads were detected and assigned to 5980 ASVs amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), with only 102 (1.7%) that were shared between the two Polar regions. For Arctic lakes, unknown fungal taxa dominated the sequence assemblages, suggesting the dominance of possibly undescribed fungi. The phylum Chytridiomycota was the most represented in the majority of Arctic and Antarctic samples, followed by Rozellomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and the less frequent Monoblepharomycota, Aphelidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, and Neocallimastigomycota. At the genus level, the most abundant genera included psychrotolerant and cosmopolitan cold-adapted fungi including Alternaria, Cladosporium, Cadophora, Ulvella (Ascomycota), Leucosporidium, Vishniacozyma (Basidiomycota), and Betamyces (Chytridiomycota). The assemblages displayed high diversity and richness. The assigned diversity was composed mainly of taxa recognized as saprophytic fungi, followed by pathogenic and symbiotic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Marchetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Papale
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy (A.L.G.)
| | - Alessandro Ciro Rappazzo
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy (A.L.G.)
| | - Carmen Rizzo
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy (A.L.G.)
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Biology, Sicily Marine Centre, Department Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Camacho
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/Catédratico José Beltrán, 2, E46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Carlos Rochera
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/Catédratico José Beltrán, 2, E46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Maurizio Azzaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy (A.L.G.)
| | - Clara Urzì
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy (A.L.G.)
| | - Filomena De Leo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vieira G, Sette LD, de Angelis DA, Sass DC. Antifungal activity of cyclopaldic acid from Antarctic Penicillium against phytopathogenic fungi. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:374. [PMID: 37860288 PMCID: PMC10581961 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens cause great economic losses in agriculture. To reduce damage, chemical pesticides have been frequently used, but these compounds in addition to causing risks to the environment and health, its continuous use has given rise to resistant phytopathogens, threatening the efficiency of control methods. One alternative for such a problem is the use of natural products with high antifungal activity and low toxicity. Here, we present the production, isolation, and identification of cyclopaldic acid, a bioactive compound produced by Penicillium sp. CRM 1540, a fungal strain isolated from Antarctic marine sediment. The crude extract was fractionated by reversed-phase chromatography and yielded 40 fractions, from which fraction F17 was selected. We used 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance analysis in DMSO-d6 and CDCl3, together with mass spectrometry, to identify the compound as cyclopaldic acid C11H10O6 (238 Da). The pure compound was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against phytopathogenic fungi of global agricultural importance, namely: Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The antifungal assay revealed the potential of cyclopaldic acid, produced by Penicillium sp. CRM 1540, as a leading molecule against M. phaseolina and R. solani, with more than 90% of growth inhibition after 96h of contact with the fungal cells using 100 µg mL-1, and more than 70% using 50 µg mL-1. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03792-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Vieira
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900 Brazil
| | - Lara Durães Sette
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900 Brazil
| | - Derlene Attili de Angelis
- Division of Microbial Resources, CPQBA, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Daiane Cristina Sass
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nikitin DA. Ecological Characteristics of Antarctic Fungi. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2023; 508:32-54. [PMID: 37186046 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496622700120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In view of the high responsiveness of polar ecosystems to the global climate change, the research of Antarctic microorganisms has become a topical issue. The unique ecosystems that have developed under the severe climate conditions of the continent lack flowering plants but are dominated by soil mycobiota. In addition to performing their classical ecological functions, Antarctic fungi form the basis of local communities, e.g., endoliths and microbial mats. Furthermore, Antarctic fungi are a major force that mediates transformation of rock minerals in situ and makes biologically significant elements available for other organisms. For these reasons, mycobiota plays a central role in the maintenance of ecological equilibrium in Antarctica. The dominant fungal division on the continent is Ascomycota (77.1%), and not Basidiomycota (9.1%), as it is the case on other continents. For a number of reasons, yeasts and yeast-like micromycetes (mainly basidiomycetes) are more tolerant to extreme conditions in various Antarctic biotopes than filamentous fungi. Substantial evidence suggests that filamentous fungi and yeasts are better adapted to existence in ecosystems with extremely low temperatures than other microorganisms. Due to the long-term isolation of Antarctica from other continents, local biota has been evolving largely independently, which led to emergence of multiple endemic fungal taxa. The presence of eurytopes on the continent is presumably related to the global warming and growing anthropogenic pressure. This review discusses the current state of research on the structure of fungal communities of Antarctic subaerial and subaquatic biotopes, the ecological role of yeast-mycelial dimorphism in Antarctic fungi, the problem of endemism of Antarctic mycobiota, as well as the ecological and physiological adaptations of fungi to low temperatures; it also justifies the relevance of research into secondary metabolites of psychrophilic micromycetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Nikitin
- Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, 119017, Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Arrieche D, Cabrera-Pardo JR, San-Martin A, Carrasco H, Taborga L. Natural Products from Chilean and Antarctic Marine Fungi and Their Biomedical Relevance. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020098. [PMID: 36827139 PMCID: PMC9962798 DOI: 10.3390/md21020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are a prolific source of bioactive molecules. During the past few decades, many bioactive natural products have been isolated from marine fungi. Chile is a country with 6435 Km of coastline along the Pacific Ocean and houses a unique fungal biodiversity. This review summarizes the field of fungal natural products isolated from Antarctic and Chilean marine environments and their biological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dioni Arrieche
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Jaime R. Cabrera-Pardo
- Laboratorio de Química Aplicada y Sustentable (LabQAS), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Bio-Bio, Avenida Collao 1202, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Aurelio San-Martin
- Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas 6200112, Chile
| | - Héctor Carrasco
- Grupo QBAB, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 8900000, Chile
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Lautaro Taborga
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (L.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ordóñez-Enireb E, Cucalón RV, Cárdenas D, Ordóñez N, Coello S, Elizalde P, Cárdenas WB. Antarctic fungi with antibiotic potential isolated from Fort William Point, Antarctica. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21477. [PMID: 36509821 PMCID: PMC9744802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Antarctic continent is one of the most inhospitable places on earth, where living creatures, mostly represented by microorganisms, have specific physiological characteristics that allow them to adapt to the extreme environmental conditions. These physiological adaptations can result in the production of unique secondary metabolites with potential biotechnological applications. The current study presents a genetic and antibacterial characterization of four Antarctic fungi isolated from soil samples collected in Pedro Vicente Maldonado Scientific Station, at Fort William Point, Greenwich Island, Antarctica. Based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the fungi were identified as Antarctomyces sp., Thelebolus sp., Penicillium sp., and Cryptococcus gilvescens. The antibacterial activity was assessed against four clinical bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus, by a modified bacterial growth inhibition assay on agar plates. Results showed that C. gilvescens and Penicillium sp. have potential antibiotic activity against all bacterial strains. Interestingly, Thelebolus sp. showed potential antibiotic activity only against E. coli. In contrast, Antarctomyces sp. did not show antibiotic activity against any of the bacteria tested under our experimental conditions. This study highlights the importance of conservation of Antarctica as a source of metabolites with important biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Ordóñez-Enireb
- grid.442143.40000 0001 2107 1148Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Roberto V. Cucalón
- grid.442143.40000 0001 2107 1148Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Natural Resources Building 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820 USA
| | - Diana Cárdenas
- grid.442143.40000 0001 2107 1148Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Nadia Ordóñez
- grid.442143.40000 0001 2107 1148Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador ,grid.420044.60000 0004 0374 4101Biochemistry and Biosupport, Research and Development, Crop Science, Bayer AG, Monheim, Germany
| | - Santiago Coello
- grid.442143.40000 0001 2107 1148Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Paola Elizalde
- grid.442143.40000 0001 2107 1148Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador ,grid.25152.310000 0001 2154 235XVaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E3 Canada ,grid.25152.310000 0001 2154 235XSchool of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E5 Canada
| | - Washington B. Cárdenas
- grid.442143.40000 0001 2107 1148Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nikitin DA, Sadykova VS, Kuvarina AE, Dakh AG, Biryukov MV. Enzymatic and Antimicrobial Activities in Polar Strains of Microscopic Soil Fungi. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2022; 507:380-393. [PMID: 36781534 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496622060151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Potential to produce inducible enzymes (several hydrolases and oxidases) and antibiotics as secondary metabolites was studied in soil micromycete strains from the Arctic (Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya) and Antarctica (the oases Thala Hills, Larsemann Hills, Schirmacher, and Marie Byrd Land). Maximal esterase activity was observed in strains of two typical Antarctic species, Hyphozyma variabilis 218 and Thelebolus ellipsoideus 210 (51 and 29 nmol FDA/((g mycelium h), respectively). Cellulolytic activity was maximal (89 µmol glucose/mg biomass) in Ascochyta pisi 192. Extracellular phenol oxidase (laccase) and peroxidase activities were not detected in the strains examined. Antibacterial activity toward Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 was observed in 75% of the Antarctic micromycete strains. Higher-activity strains were isolated from organic-rich moist habitats with a moss or lichen cover. Maximal activities were displayed by Paecilomyces marquandii 166, Penicillium janczewskii 165, Penicillium roseopurpureum 169, and Thelebolus ellipsoideus 210. Antagonistic activity toward Antarctic bacterial strains was shown by 77% of the microfungal strains examined. Maximal inhibition was observed with strains of the typical Antarctic species Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus MT303855 and the eurytopic species Sarocladium kiliense MT303856. Antimycotic activity was observed in 42% of the strains. Both activities were detected in 38% of the Antarctic strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - V S Sadykova
- Gauze Institute of New Antibiotics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. .,Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A E Kuvarina
- Gauze Institute of New Antibiotics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Dakh
- Gauze Institute of New Antibiotics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rosa LH, Ogaki MB, Lirio JM, Vieira R, Coria SH, Pinto OHB, Carvalho-Silva M, Convey P, Rosa CA, Câmara PEAS. Fungal diversity in a sediment core from climate change impacted Boeckella Lake, Hope Bay, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula assessed using metabarcoding. Extremophiles 2022; 26:16. [PMID: 35499659 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-022-01264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We studied the fungal DNA present in a lake sediment core obtained from Trinity Peninsula, Hope Bay, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula, using metabarcoding through high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Sequences obtained were assigned to 146 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) primarily representing unknown fungi, followed by the phyla Ascomycota, Rozellomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota and Mortierellomycota. The most abundant taxa were assigned to Fungal sp., Pseudeurotium hygrophilum, Rozellomycota sp. 1, Pseudeurotiaceae sp. 1 and Chytridiomycota sp. 1. The majority of the DNA reads, representing 40 ASVs, could only be assigned at higher taxonomic levels and may represent taxa not currently included in the sequence databases consulted and/or be previously undescribed fungi. Different sections of the core were characterized by high sequence diversity, richness and moderate ecological dominance indices. The assigned diversity was dominated by cosmopolitan cold-adapted fungi, including known saprotrophic, plant and animal pathogenic and symbiotic taxa. Despite the overall dominance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and psychrophilic Mortierellomycota, members of the cryptic phyla Rozellomycota and Chytridiomycota were also detected in abundance. As Boeckella Lake may cease to exist in approaching decades due the effects of local climatic changes, it also an important location for the study of the impacts of these changes on Antarctic microbial diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar e Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, PO Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Baptistucci Ogaki
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar e Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, PO Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Rosemary Vieira
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Carlos Augusto Rosa
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar e Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, PO Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Menezes GCA, Câmara PEAS, Pinto OHB, Convey P, Carvalho-Silva M, Simões JC, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Fungi in the Antarctic Cryosphere: Using DNA Metabarcoding to Reveal Fungal Diversity in Glacial Ice from the Antarctic Peninsula Region. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:647-657. [PMID: 34228196 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We assessed fungal diversity present in glacial from the Antarctic Peninsula using DNA metabarcoding through high-throughput sequencing (HTS). We detected a total of 353,879 fungal DNA reads, representing 94 genera and 184 taxa, in glacial ice fragments obtained from seven sites in the north-west Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands. The phylum Ascomycota dominated the sequence diversity, followed by Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota. Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp., Penicillium atrovenetum, Epicoccum nigrum, Pseudogymnoascus sp. 1, Pseudogymnoascus sp. 2, Phaeosphaeriaceae sp. and Xylaria grammica were the most dominant taxa, respectively. However, the majority of the fungal diversity comprised taxa of rare and intermediate relative abundance, predominately known mesophilic fungi. High indices of diversity and richness were calculated, along with moderate index of dominance, which varied among the different sampling sites. Only 26 (14%) of the total fungal taxa detected were present at all sampling sites. The identified diversity was dominated by saprophytic taxa, followed by known plant and animal pathogens and a low number of symbiotic fungi. Our data suggest that Antarctic glacial ice may represent a hotspot of previously unreported fungal diversity; however, further studies are required to integrate HTS and culture approaches to confirm viability of the taxa detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graciéle Cunha Alves de Menezes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, , CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
- Department of Zoology , University of Johannesburg , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Jefferson Cardia Simões
- Centro Polar E Climático, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, , CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, , CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ding L, Huang H, Lu F, Lu J, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Cai M. Transposon insertion mutation of Antarctic psychrotrophic fungus for red pigment production adaptive to normal temperature. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 49:kuab073. [PMID: 34661657 PMCID: PMC9113092 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polar regions are rich in microbial and product resources. Geomyces sp. WNF-15A is an Antarctic psy chrotrophic filamentous fungus producing high quality red pigment with potential for industrial use. However, efficient biosynthesis of red pigment can only realize at low temperature, which brings difficult control and high cost for the large-scale fermentation. This study aims to develop transposon insertion mutation method to improve cell growth and red pigment production adaptive to normal temperature. Genetic manipulation system of this fungus was firstly developed by antibiotic marker screening, protoplast preparation and transformation optimization, by which transformation efficiency of ∼50% was finally achieved. Then transposable insertion systems were established using Helitron, Fot1, and Impala transposons. The transposition efficiency reached 11.9%, 9.4%, and 4.6%, respectively. Mutant MP1 achieved the highest red pigment production (OD520 of 39) at 14°C, which was 40% higher than the wild-type strain. Mutant MP14 reached a maximum red pigment production (OD520 of 14.8) at 20°C, which was about twofold of the wild-type strain. Mutants MP2 and MP10 broke the repression mechanism of red pigment biosynthesis in the wild-type and allowed production at 25°C. For cell growth, eight mutants grew remarkably better (12%∼30% biomass higher) than the wild-type at 25°C. This study established an efficient genetic manipulation and transposon insertion mutation platform for polar filamentous fungus. It provides reference for genetic breeding of psychrotrophic fungi from polar and other regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hezhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fengning Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- China Resources Angde Biotech Pharma Co., Ltd., 78 E-jiao Street, Liaocheng, Shandong 252299, China
- China Resources Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1301-84 Sightseeing Road, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Menghao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Monti M, Giorgi A, Easson CG, Gochfeld DJ, Olson JB. Transmission studies and the composition of prokaryotic communities associated with healthy and diseased Aplysina cauliformis sponges suggest that Aplysina Red Band Syndrome is a prokaryotic polymicrobial disease. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6472236. [PMID: 34931677 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aplysina cauliformis, the Caribbean purple rope sponge, is commonly affected by Aplysina Red Band Syndrome. This transmissible disease manifests as circular lesions with red margins and results in bare spongin fibers. Leptolyngbya spp. appear to be responsible for the characteristic red coloration but transmission studies with a sponge-derived isolate failed to establish disease, leaving the etiology of ARBS unknown. To investigate the cause of ARBS, contact transmission experiments were performed between healthy and diseased sponges separated by filters with varying pore sizes. Transmission occurred when sponges were separated by filters with pore sizes ≥2.5 μm, suggesting a prokaryotic pathogen(s) but not completely eliminating eukaryotic pathogen(s). Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, thirty-eight prokaryotic taxa were significantly enriched in diseased sponges, including Leptolyngbya, whereas seven taxa were only found in some, but not all, of the ARBS-affected sponges. These results do not implicate a single taxon, but rather a suite of taxa that changed in relative abundance with disease, suggesting a polymicrobial etiology as well as dysbiosis. As a better understanding of dysbiosis is gained, changes in the composition of associated prokaryotic communities may have increasing importance for evaluating and maintaining the health of individuals and imperiled coral reef ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Monti
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, 300 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Aurora Giorgi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, 300 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Cole G Easson
- Biology Department, Middle Tennessee State University, P.O. Box 60, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Deborah J Gochfeld
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677, USA
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Julie B Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, 300 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vieira G, Khalil ZG, Capon RJ, Sette LD, Ferreira H, Sass DC. Isolation and agricultural potential of penicillic acid against citrus canker. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:3081-3088. [PMID: 34927315 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The control of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri), causal agent of citrus canker, relies heavily in integrated agricultural practices involving the use of copper-based chemicals. Considering the need for alternatives to control this disease and the potential of fungi from extreme regions as producers of bioactive metabolites, we isolated and identified a bioactive compound from Penicillium sp. CRM 1540 isolated from Antarctica marine sediment. METHODS AND RESULTS The compound potential as an antibacterial agent against X. citri was assessed through in vitro and greenhouse experiments. Molecular taxonomy indicates this fungus is a possible new species of Penicillium. The results revealed 90% inhibition at 25 µg mL-1 in vitro and a decrease in symptoms emergency for the in vivo experiment in Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck leaves. The number of lesions per cm² for the treatment with the isolated compound was 75.31% smaller and significantly different (p <0.05) from the untreated control. The structure of the active agent was identified as penicillic acid based on detailed spectroscopic analysis. CONCLUSION Penicillic acid can be an alternative against citrus canker. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY Research on extremophile microorganisms can lead to molecules with biotechnological potential and alternatives to current agriculture practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Vieira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of General and Applied Biology, Avenue 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Zeinab G Khalil
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert J Capon
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lara Durães Sette
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of General and Applied Biology, Avenue 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Ferreira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of General and Applied Biology, Avenue 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Daiane Cristina Sass
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of General and Applied Biology, Avenue 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Villanueva P, Vásquez G, Gil-Durán C, Oliva V, Díaz A, Henríquez M, Álvarez E, Laich F, Chávez R, Vaca I. Description of the First Four Species of the Genus Pseudogymnoascus From Antarctica. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:713189. [PMID: 34867840 PMCID: PMC8640180 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.713189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Pseudogymnoascus represents a diverse group of fungi widely distributed in different cold regions on Earth. Our current knowledge of the species of Pseudogymnoascus is still very limited. Currently, there are only 15 accepted species of Pseudogymnoascus that have been isolated from different environments in the Northern Hemisphere. In contrast, species of Pseudogymnoascus from the Southern Hemisphere have not yet been described. In this work, we characterized four fungal strains obtained from Antarctic marine sponges. Based on multilocus phylogenetic analyses and morphological characterizations we determined that these strains are new species, for which the names Pseudogymnoascus antarcticus sp. nov., Pseudogymnoascus australis sp. nov., Pseudogymnoascus griseus sp. nov., and Pseudogymnoascus lanuginosus sp. nov. are proposed. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the new species form distinct lineages separated from other species of Pseudogymnoascus with strong support. The new species do not form sexual structures and differ from the currently known species mainly in the shape and size of their conidia, the presence of chains of arthroconidia, and the appearance of their colonies. This is the first report of new species of Pseudogymnoascus not only from Antarctica but also from the Southern Hemisphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Villanueva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ghislaine Vásquez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Gil-Durán
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Oliva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anaí Díaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marlene Henríquez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Álvarez
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Mycology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Federico Laich
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain
| | - Renato Chávez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Inmaculada Vaca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
dos Santos IR, Abdel-Azeem AM, Mohesien MT, Piekutowska M, Sheir DH, da Silva LL, da Silva Castro C, Carvalho DDC, Bezerra JDP, Saad HA, Borges LL, Xavier-Santos S. Insights into the Bioprospecting of the Endophytic Fungi of the Medicinal Plant Palicourea rigida Kunth (Rubiaceae): Detailed Biological Activities. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:689. [PMID: 34575727 PMCID: PMC8468907 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A multitude of plants from the Brazilian savanna are known for their medicinal properties. Many plants contain endophytic fungi, which lead to the production of bioactive compounds by both the fungi and their hosts. This study investigated the bioprospecting of endophytic fungi recovered from the leaves of Palicourea rigida, a native medicinal plant of the Brazilian savanna. Four fungal taxa (Colletotrichum sp. SXS649, Pestalotiopsis sp. SXS650, the order Botryosphaeriales SXS651, and Diaporthe sp. SXS652) were recovered. The phenolic, flavonoid, extracellular degrading enzymes (amylase, cellulase, protease, and tannase) and antioxidant activity of these taxa were determined. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity showed that the Botryosphaeriales SXS651 extract displays a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 23.20 mg mL-1 against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the Diaporthe sp. SXS652 extract exhibited an MIC of 27.00 mg mL-1 against Escherichia coli. The Colletotrichum sp. SXS649 isolate inhibited tumors in potato discs by 69% at a concentration of 9.70 mg mL-1. All isolates had potential bioremediation criteria against soil contaminated with soybean oil, as proved by a high percentage of germination of Lactuca sativa and a reduction in phytotoxicity. Furthermore, the taxa under investigation demonstrated antagonistic action to phytopathogenic fungi, namely, Aspergillus niger, Inonotus rickii, Pestalotiopsis mangiferae, and Coniophora puteana, with an inhibition range between 34.2% and 76.9%. The preliminary toxicity assessment showed that all isolates possessed an LC50 of less than 100 mg mL-1 to the microcrustacean Artemia salina. These results indicate that the endophytic fungi of the Brazilian savanna are promising candidates for biotechnological and industrial applications and, in agricultural applications, for the biological control of phytopathogenic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Romeiro dos Santos
- Basic, Applied and Scientific Divulgation Mycolgy Laboratory (FungiLab), Central Campus, State University of Goiás, Anápolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil; (I.R.d.S.); (L.L.d.S.); (C.d.S.C.); (L.L.B.)
| | - Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Marwa T. Mohesien
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34511, Egypt;
| | - Magdalena Piekutowska
- Department of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Partyzantów 27, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland;
| | - Donia H. Sheir
- National Research Centre, Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Division, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Lucas Leonardo da Silva
- Basic, Applied and Scientific Divulgation Mycolgy Laboratory (FungiLab), Central Campus, State University of Goiás, Anápolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil; (I.R.d.S.); (L.L.d.S.); (C.d.S.C.); (L.L.B.)
| | - Camila da Silva Castro
- Basic, Applied and Scientific Divulgation Mycolgy Laboratory (FungiLab), Central Campus, State University of Goiás, Anápolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil; (I.R.d.S.); (L.L.d.S.); (C.d.S.C.); (L.L.B.)
| | | | - Jadson Diogo Pereira Bezerra
- Mycology Sector, Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil;
| | - Hosam A. Saad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Leonardo Luiz Borges
- Basic, Applied and Scientific Divulgation Mycolgy Laboratory (FungiLab), Central Campus, State University of Goiás, Anápolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil; (I.R.d.S.); (L.L.d.S.); (C.d.S.C.); (L.L.B.)
| | - Solange Xavier-Santos
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sponges and Their Symbionts as a Source of Valuable Compounds in Cosmeceutical Field. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080444. [PMID: 34436283 PMCID: PMC8401093 DOI: 10.3390/md19080444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the marine environment was discovered as a huge reservoir of novel bioactive compounds, useful for medicinal treatments improving human health and well-being. Among several marine organisms exhibiting biotechnological potential, sponges were highlighted as one of the most interesting phyla according to a wide literature describing new molecules every year. Not surprisingly, the first marine drugs approved for medical purposes were isolated from a marine sponge and are now used as anti-cancer and anti-viral agents. In most cases, experimental evidence reported that very often associated and/or symbiotic communities produced these bioactive compounds for a mutual benefit. Nowadays, beauty treatments are formulated taking advantage of the beneficial properties exerted by marine novel compounds. In fact, several biological activities suitable for cosmetic treatments were recorded, such as anti-oxidant, anti-aging, skin whitening, and emulsifying activities, among others. Here, we collected and discussed several scientific contributions reporting the cosmeceutical potential of marine sponge symbionts, which were exclusively represented by fungi and bacteria. Bioactive compounds specifically indicated as products of the sponge metabolism were also included. However, the origin of sponge metabolites is dubious, and the role of the associated biota cannot be excluded, considering that the isolation of symbionts represents a hard challenge due to their uncultivable features.
Collapse
|
23
|
Shi T, Li XQ, Zheng L, Zhang YH, Dai JJ, Shang EL, Yu YY, Zhang YT, Hu WP, Shi DY. Sesquiterpenoids From the Antarctic Fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. HSX2#-11. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:688202. [PMID: 34177873 PMCID: PMC8226235 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.688202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal strains Pseudogymnoascus are a kind of psychrophilic pathogenic fungi that are ubiquitously distributed in Antarctica, while the studies of their secondary metabolites are infrequent. Systematic research of the metabolites of the fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. HSX2#-11 led to the isolation of six new tremulane sesquiterpenoids pseudotremulanes A-F (1-6), combined with one known analog 11,12-epoxy-12β-hydroxy-1-tremulen-5-one (7), and five known steroids (8-12). The absolute configurations of the new compounds (1-6) were elucidated by their ECD spectra and ECD calculations. Compounds 1-7 were proved to be isomeride structures with the same chemical formula. Compounds 1/2, 3/4, 1/4, and 2/3 were identified as four pairs of epimerides at the locations of C-3, C-3, C-9, and C-9, respectively. Compounds 8 and 9 exhibited cytotoxic activities against human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), colorectal cancer (HCT116), and hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines. Compounds 9 and 10 also showed antibacterial activities against marine fouling bacteria Aeromonas salmonicida. This is the first time to find terpenoids and steroids in the fungal genus Pseudogymnoascus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia-Jia Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Er-Lei Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi-Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Da-Yong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Varrella S, Barone G, Tangherlini M, Rastelli E, Dell’Anno A, Corinaldesi C. Diversity, Ecological Role and Biotechnological Potential of Antarctic Marine Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:391. [PMID: 34067750 PMCID: PMC8157204 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Antarctic Ocean is one of the most remote and inaccessible environments on our planet and hosts potentially high biodiversity, being largely unexplored and undescribed. Fungi have key functions and unique physiological and morphological adaptations even in extreme conditions, from shallow habitats to deep-sea sediments. Here, we summarized information on diversity, the ecological role, and biotechnological potential of marine fungi in the coldest biome on Earth. This review also discloses the importance of boosting research on Antarctic fungi as hidden treasures of biodiversity and bioactive molecules to better understand their role in marine ecosystem functioning and their applications in different biotechnological fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Varrella
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulio Barone
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies, National Research Council (IRBIM-CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Michael Tangherlini
- Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn”, Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico 1-N, 61032 Fano, Italy;
| | - Eugenio Rastelli
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn”, Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico 1-N, 61032 Fano, Italy;
| | - Antonio Dell’Anno
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vicente TFL, Gonçalves MFM, Brandão C, Fidalgo C, Alves A. Diversity of fungi associated with macroalgae from an estuarine environment and description of Cladosporium rubrum sp. nov. and Hypoxylon aveirense sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 33416464 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal communities associated with macroalgae remain largely unexplored. To characterize algicolous fungal communities using culture dependent methods, macroalgae were collected from different sampling sites in the Ria de Aveiro estuary, Portugal. From a collection of 486 isolates that were obtained, 213 representative isolates were selected through microsatellite-primed PCR (MSP-PCR) fingerprinting analysis. The collection yielded 33 different genera, which were identified using the ITS region of the rDNA. The results revealed that the most abundant taxa in all collections were Acremonium-like species: Alternaria, Cladosporium, Leptobacillium and Penicillium. The fungal community composition varied with macroalgae species. Through multilocus phylogenetic analyses based on ITS, tub2, tef1-α and actA sequences, in addition to detailed morphological data, we propose Cladosporium rubrum sp. nov. (type strain=CMG 28=MUM 19.39) and Hypoxylon aveirense sp. nov. (type strain=CMG 29=MUM 19.40) as novel species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia F L Vicente
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Micael F M Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cláudio Brandão
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cátia Fidalgo
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur Alves
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang T, Zhou J, Zou J, Shi Y, Zhou W, Shao P, Yu T, Cui W, Li X, Wu X, Ye J, Yan X, Naman CB, Lazaro JEH, He S. Discovery of Cymopolyphenols A-F From a Marine Mesophotic Zone Aaptos Sponge-Associated Fungus Cymostachys sp. NBUF082. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:638610. [PMID: 33692772 PMCID: PMC7937805 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.638610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) have complex but understudied biodiversity, especially for natural products discovery. Untargeted metabolomics research on 80 extracts prepared from marine sponge-associated fungi, half from shallow reefs (<30 m) and half from MCEs (30–150 m), facilitated prioritization for further study a Cymostachys fungus from a 103 m deep Aaptos sponge. LC-MS target-directed isolation yielded a series of new compounds, cymopolyphenols A−F (1–6), and two known phenylspirodrimanes, F1839-I (7) and stachybotrylactone (8). This is the first report of natural products from the recently described genus, Cymostachys. Compounds 1–6 and 8 contain a dihydroisobenzofuran moiety, and 4–6 are low-order polymers of 1 with novel scaffolds. The structures of the compounds were established by spectroscopic and spectrometric data interpretation, with further support from X-ray crystallography studies of 3 and 4. Compound 3 undergoes facile racemization in solution and was found to crystalize as a racemic mixture. Compound 5 was also obtained in racemic form, and after chiral chromatography, both separated enantiomers racemized in solution by a presumed keto-enol tautomerization. Compounds 1 and 3–6 were found to be weakly antimicrobial (MIC 16–64 μg/ml) in vitro against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative human or aquatic pathogens, compound 5 was shown to chelate iron in vitro at 10 μM, and 8 activated plant disease resistance in vivo in a transgenic model organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Li Dak Sum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Li Dak Sum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiabin Zou
- Li Dak Sum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yutong Shi
- Li Dak Sum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenli Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Shao
- College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianze Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Li Dak Sum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xingxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Li Dak Sum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - C Benjamin Naman
- Li Dak Sum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - J Enrico H Lazaro
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon, Philippines
| | - Shan He
- Li Dak Sum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Psychrophilic Fungi and Their Industrial Importance. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
28
|
Abed RM. Exploring Fungal Biodiversity of Genus Epicoccum and Their Biotechnological Potential. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
29
|
Hamed AA, Soldatou S, Qader MM, Arjunan S, Miranda KJ, Casolari F, Pavesi C, Diyaolu OA, Thissera B, Eshelli M, Belbahri L, Luptakova L, Ibrahim NA, Abdel-Aziz MS, Eid BM, Ghareeb MA, Rateb ME, Ebel R. Screening Fungal Endophytes Derived from Under-Explored Egyptian Marine Habitats for Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties in Factionalised Textiles. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101617. [PMID: 33096635 PMCID: PMC7594075 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine endophytic fungi from under-explored locations are a promising source for the discovery of new bioactivities. Different endophytic fungi were isolated from plants and marine organisms collected from Wadi El-Natrun saline lakes and the Red Sea near Hurghada, Egypt. The isolated strains were grown on three different media, and their ethyl acetate crude extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against a panel of pathogenic bacteria and fungi as well as their antioxidant properties. Results showed that most of the 32 fungal isolates initially obtained possessed antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The most potent antimicrobial extracts were applied to three different cellulose containing fabrics to add new multifunctional properties such as ultraviolet protection and antimicrobial functionality. For textile safety, the toxicity profile of the selected fungal extract was evaluated on human fibroblasts. The 21 strains displaying bioactivity were identified on molecular basis and selected for chemical screening and dereplication, which was carried out by analysis of the MS/MS data using the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform. The obtained molecular network revealed molecular families of compounds commonly produced by fungal strains, and in combination with manual dereplication, further previously reported metabolites were identified as well as potentially new derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Hamed
- Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (A.A.H.); (M.S.A.-A.)
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK; (S.S.); (S.A.); (K.J.M.); (F.C.); (C.P.); (O.A.D.)
| | - Sylvia Soldatou
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK; (S.S.); (S.A.); (K.J.M.); (F.C.); (C.P.); (O.A.D.)
| | - M. Mallique Qader
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (M.M.Q.); (B.T.); (M.E.)
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka
| | - Subha Arjunan
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK; (S.S.); (S.A.); (K.J.M.); (F.C.); (C.P.); (O.A.D.)
| | - Kevin Jace Miranda
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK; (S.S.); (S.A.); (K.J.M.); (F.C.); (C.P.); (O.A.D.)
- College of Pharmacy, Adamson University, 900 San Marcelino Street, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Federica Casolari
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK; (S.S.); (S.A.); (K.J.M.); (F.C.); (C.P.); (O.A.D.)
| | - Coralie Pavesi
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK; (S.S.); (S.A.); (K.J.M.); (F.C.); (C.P.); (O.A.D.)
| | - Oluwatofunmilay A. Diyaolu
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK; (S.S.); (S.A.); (K.J.M.); (F.C.); (C.P.); (O.A.D.)
| | - Bathini Thissera
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (M.M.Q.); (B.T.); (M.E.)
| | - Manal Eshelli
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (M.M.Q.); (B.T.); (M.E.)
- Food Science & Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13538, Libya
| | - Lassaad Belbahri
- Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchatel, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland;
| | - Lenka Luptakova
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biology, Zoology and Radiobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Nabil A. Ibrahim
- Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Scopus Affiliation ID 60014618, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (N.A.I.); (B.M.E.)
| | - Mohamed S. Abdel-Aziz
- Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (A.A.H.); (M.S.A.-A.)
| | - Basma M. Eid
- Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Scopus Affiliation ID 60014618, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (N.A.I.); (B.M.E.)
| | - Mosad A. Ghareeb
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza 12411, Egypt;
| | - Mostafa E. Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (M.M.Q.); (B.T.); (M.E.)
- Correspondence: (M.E.R.); (R.E.); Tel.: +44-141-8483072 (M.E.R.); +44-1224-272930 (R.E.)
| | - Rainer Ebel
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK; (S.S.); (S.A.); (K.J.M.); (F.C.); (C.P.); (O.A.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.E.R.); (R.E.); Tel.: +44-141-8483072 (M.E.R.); +44-1224-272930 (R.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Marine Terpenoids from Polar Latitudes and Their Potential Applications in Biotechnology. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18080401. [PMID: 32751369 PMCID: PMC7459527 DOI: 10.3390/md18080401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polar marine biota have adapted to thrive under one of the ocean’s most inhospitable scenarios, where extremes of temperature, light photoperiod and ice disturbance, along with ecological interactions, have selected species with a unique suite of secondary metabolites. Organisms of Arctic and Antarctic oceans are prolific sources of natural products, exhibiting wide structural diversity and remarkable bioactivities for human applications. Chemical skeletons belonging to terpene families are the most commonly found compounds, whereas cytotoxic antimicrobial properties, the capacity to prevent infections, are the most widely reported activities from these environments. This review firstly summarizes the regulations on access and benefit sharing requirements for research in polar environments. Then it provides an overview of the natural product arsenal from Antarctic and Arctic marine organisms that displays promising uses for fighting human disease. Microbes, such as bacteria and fungi, and macroorganisms, such as sponges, macroalgae, ascidians, corals, bryozoans, echinoderms and mollusks, are the main focus of this review. The biological origin, the structure of terpenes and terpenoids, derivatives and their biotechnological potential are described. This survey aims to highlight the chemical diversity of marine polar life and the versatility of this group of biomolecules, in an effort to encourage further research in drug discovery.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ogaki MB, Vieira R, Muniz MC, Zani CL, Alves TMA, Junior PAS, Murta SMF, Barbosa EC, Oliveira JG, Ceravolo IP, Pereira PO, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Diversity, ecology, and bioprospecting of culturable fungi in lakes impacted by anthropogenic activities in Maritime Antarctica. Extremophiles 2020; 24:637-655. [PMID: 32533308 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-020-01183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we accessed culturable fungal assemblages present in the sediments of three lakes potentially impacted anthropogenically in the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica and identified 63 taxa. Cladosporium sp. 2, Pseudeurotium hygrophilum, and Pseudogymnoascus verrucosus were recovered from the sampled sediments of all lakes. High concentrations of metals and the lowest fungal diversity indices were detected in the sediments of the Central Lake, which can be influenced by human activities due to their proximity to research stations to those of the other two lakes, which were far from the Antarctic stations. At least one type of biological activity was demonstrated by 40 fungal extracts. Among these, P. hygrophilum, P. verrucosus, Penicillium glabrum, and Penicillium solitum demonstrated strong trypanocidal, herbicidal, and antifungal activities. Our results suggest that an increase of the anthropogenic activities in the region might have affected the microbial diversity and composition. In addition, the fungal diversity in these lakes may be a useful model to study the effect of anthropogenic activities in Antarctica. We isolated a diverse group of fungal taxa from Antarctic lake sediments, which have the potential to produce novel compounds for the both the medical and agriculture sectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara B Ogaki
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Rosemary Vieira
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marcelo C Muniz
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carlos L Zani
- Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Tânia M A Alves
- Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Luiz H Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Highlighting the Crude Oil Bioremediation Potential of Marine Fungi Isolated from the Port of Oran (Algeria). DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12050196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
While over hundreds of terrestrial fungal genera have been shown to play important roles in the biodegradation of hydrocarbons, few studies have so far focused on the fungal bioremediation potential of petroleum in the marine environment. In this study, the culturable fungal communities occurring in the port of Oran in Algeria, considered here as a chronically-contaminated site, have been mainly analyzed in terms of species richness. A collection of 84 filamentous fungi has been established from seawater samples and then the fungi were screened for their ability to utilize and degrade crude oil. A total of 12 isolates were able to utilize crude oil as a unique carbon source, from which 4 were defined as the most promising biodegrading isolates based on a screening test using 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol as a proxy to highlight their ability to metabolize crude oil. The biosurfactant production capability was also tested and, interestingly, the oil spreading and drop-collapse tests highlighted that the 4 most promising isolates were also those able to produce the highest quantity of biosurfactants. The results generated in this study demonstrate that the most promising fungal isolates, namely Penicillium polonicum AMF16, P. chrysogenum AMF47 and 2 isolates (AMF40 and AMF74) affiliated to P. cyclopium, appear to be interesting candidates for bioremediation of crude oil pollution in the marine environment within the frame of bioaugmentation or biostimulation processes.
Collapse
|
33
|
da Silva TH, Silva DAS, de Oliveira FS, Schaefer CEGR, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Diversity, distribution, and ecology of viable fungi in permafrost and active layer of Maritime Antarctica. Extremophiles 2020; 24:565-576. [PMID: 32405812 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-020-01176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the diversity and distribution of viable fungi present in permafrost and active layers obtained from three islands of Maritime Antarctica. A total of 213 fungal isolates were recovered from the permafrost, and 351 from the active layer, which were identified in 58 taxa; 27 from permafrost and 31 from the active layer. Oidiodendron, Penicillium, and Pseudogymnoascus taxa were the most abundant in permafrost. Bionectriaceae, Helotiales, Mortierellaceae, and Pseudeurotium were the most abundant in the active layer. Only five shared both substrates. The yeast Mrakia blollopis represented is the first reported on Antarctic permafrost. The fungal diversity detected was moderate to high, and composed of cosmopolitan, cold-adapted, and endemic taxa, reported as saprobic, mutualistic, and parasitic species. Our results demonstrate that permafrost shelters viable fungi across the Maritime Antarctica, and that they are contrasting to the overlying active layer. We detected important fungal taxa represented by potential new species, particularly, those genetically close to Pseudogymnoascus destructans, which can cause extinction of bats in North America and Eurasia. The detection of viable fungi trapped in permafrost deserves further studies on the extension of its fungal diversity and its capability to expand from permafrost to other habitats in Antarctica, and elsewhere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thamar Holanda da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Soares de Oliveira
- Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Marine Pharmacology in 2014-2015: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis, Antiviral, and Anthelmintic Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems, and Other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action. Mar Drugs 2019; 18:md18010005. [PMID: 31861527 PMCID: PMC7024264 DOI: 10.3390/md18010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic review of the marine pharmacology literature from 2014 to 2015 was completed in a manner consistent with the 1998-2013 reviews of this series. Research in marine pharmacology during 2014-2015, which was reported by investigators in 43 countries, described novel findings on the preclinical pharmacology of 301 marine compounds. These observations included antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, antiviral, and anthelmintic pharmacological activities for 133 marine natural products, 85 marine compounds with antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as those that affected the immune and nervous system, and 83 marine compounds that displayed miscellaneous mechanisms of action, and may probably contribute to novel pharmacological classes upon further research. Thus, in 2014-2015, the preclinical marine natural product pharmacology pipeline provided novel pharmacology as well as new lead compounds for the clinical marine pharmaceutical pipeline, and thus continued to contribute to ongoing global research for alternative therapeutic approaches to many disease categories.
Collapse
|
35
|
Bovio E, Sfecci E, Poli A, Gnavi G, Prigione V, Lacour T, Mehiri M, Varese GC. The culturable mycobiota associated with the Mediterranean sponges Aplysina cavernicola, Crambe crambe and Phorbas tenacior. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5710934. [PMID: 31960895 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine fungi are part of the huge and understudied biodiversity hosted in the sea. To broaden the knowledge on fungi inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea and their role in sponge holobiont, three sponges namely Aplysina cavernicola, Crambe crambe and Phorbas tenacior were collected in Villefranche sur Mer, (France) at about 25 m depth. The fungal communities associated with the sponges were isolated using different techniques to increase the numbers of fungi isolated. All fungi were identified to species level giving rise to 19, 13 and 3 species for P. tenacior, A. cavernicola and C. crambe, respectively. Of note, 35.7% and 50.0% of the species detected were either reported for the first time in the marine environment or in association with sponges. The mini-satellite analysis confirmed the uniqueness of the mycobiota of each sponge, leading to think that the sponge, with its metabolome, may shape the microbial community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bovio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy.,University Nice Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Nice Institute of Chemistry, UMR 7272, Marine Natural Products Team, Nice 60103, France
| | - Estelle Sfecci
- University Nice Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Nice Institute of Chemistry, UMR 7272, Marine Natural Products Team, Nice 60103, France
| | - Anna Poli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gnavi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Prigione
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Mohamed Mehiri
- University Nice Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Nice Institute of Chemistry, UMR 7272, Marine Natural Products Team, Nice 60103, France
| | - Giovanna Cristina Varese
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Díaz A, Villanueva P, Oliva V, Gil-Durán C, Fierro F, Chávez R, Vaca I. Genetic Transformation of the Filamentous Fungus Pseudogymnoascus verrucosus of Antarctic Origin. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2675. [PMID: 31824460 PMCID: PMC6883257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-adapted fungi isolated from Antarctica, in particular those belonging to the genus Pseudogymnoascus, are producers of secondary metabolites with interesting bioactive properties as well as enzymes with potential biotechnological applications. However, at genetic level, the study of these fungi has been hindered by the lack of suitable genetic tools such as transformation systems. In fungi, the availability of transformation systems is a key to address the functional analysis of genes related with the production of a particular metabolite or enzyme. To the best of our knowledge, the transformation of Pseudogymnoascus strains of Antarctic origin has not been achieved yet. In this work, we describe for the first time the successful transformation of a Pseudogymnoascus verrucosus strain of Antarctic origin, using two methodologies: the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformation, and the electroporation of germinated conidia. We achieved transformation efficiencies of 15.87 ± 5.16 transformants per μg of DNA and 2.67 ± 1.15 transformants per μg of DNA for PEG-mediated transformation and electroporation of germinated conidia, respectively. These results indicate that PEG-mediated transformation is a very efficient method for the transformation of this Antarctic fungus. The genetic transformation of Pseudogymnoascus verrucosus described in this work represents the first example of transformation of a filamentous fungus of Antarctic origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anaí Díaz
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Villanueva
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Oliva
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Gil-Durán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Fierro
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Renato Chávez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Inmaculada Vaca
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Greco G, Di Piazza S, Gallus L, Amaroli A, Pozzolini M, Ferrando S, Bertolino M, Scarfì S, Zotti M. First identification of a fatal fungal infection of the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis by Aspergillus tubingensis. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 135:227-239. [PMID: 31535618 DOI: 10.3354/dao03397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sponges are considered promising sources of biomolecules for both pharmaceutical and cosmetic interests as well as for the production of biomaterials suitable for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Accordingly, the ability to grow sponges in captivity and in healthy conditions to increase their biomass is a required goal for the development of sponge aquaculture systems. To date, little information is available about the pathogenicity of fungi associated with sponges. In our study, we identified an infection in freshly collected specimens of Chondrosia reniformis (Porifera, Demospongiae) and determined that the fungus Aspergillus tubingensis was the pathogen responsible. This is the first description of a natural infection of C. reniformis by A. tubingensis. Despite raising an inflammatory response by means of an increase in tumour necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA, the infected C. reniformis specimens were not able to control the fungal infection, leading to rotting in 15 d. Characterization of this infection shows that a widely distributed fungus can represent a potential hazard to sponge aquaculture industries and how, especially in stressed or compromised marine environments, this fungus could represent a fatal opportunistic pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Greco
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Johnston PR, Quijada L, Smith CA, Baral HO, Hosoya T, Baschien C, Pärtel K, Zhuang WY, Haelewaters D, Park D, Carl S, López-Giráldez F, Wang Z, Townsend JP. A multigene phylogeny toward a new phylogenetic classification of Leotiomycetes. IMA Fungus 2019; 10:1. [PMID: 32647610 PMCID: PMC7325659 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-019-0002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi in the class Leotiomycetes are ecologically diverse, including mycorrhizas, endophytes of roots and leaves, plant pathogens, aquatic and aero-aquatic hyphomycetes, mammalian pathogens, and saprobes. These fungi are commonly detected in cultures from diseased tissue and from environmental DNA extracts. The identification of specimens from such character-poor samples increasingly relies on DNA sequencing. However, the current classification of Leotiomycetes is still largely based on morphologically defined taxa, especially at higher taxonomic levels. Consequently, the formal Leotiomycetes classification is frequently poorly congruent with the relationships suggested by DNA sequencing studies. Previous class-wide phylogenies of Leotiomycetes have been based on ribosomal DNA markers, with most of the published multi-gene studies being focussed on particular genera or families. In this paper we collate data available from specimens representing both sexual and asexual morphs from across the genetic breadth of the class, with a focus on generic type species, to present a phylogeny based on up to 15 concatenated genes across 279 specimens. Included in the dataset are genes that were extracted from 72 of the genomes available for the class, including 10 new genomes released with this study. To test the statistical support for the deepest branches in the phylogeny, an additional phylogeny based on 3156 genes from 51 selected genomes is also presented. To fill some of the taxonomic gaps in the 15-gene phylogeny, we further present an ITS gene tree, particularly targeting ex-type specimens of generic type species. A small number of novel taxa are proposed: Marthamycetales ord. nov., and Drepanopezizaceae and Mniaeciaceae fams. nov. The formal taxonomic changes are limited in part because of the ad hoc nature of taxon and specimen selection, based purely on the availability of data. The phylogeny constitutes a framework for enabling future taxonomically targeted studies using deliberate specimen selection. Such studies will ideally include designation of epitypes for the type species of those genera for which DNA is not able to be extracted from the original type specimen, and consideration of morphological characters whenever genetically defined clades are recognized as formal taxa within a classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Johnston
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Luis Quijada
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard Herbarium, 22 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | | | | | - Tsuyoshi Hosoya
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005 Japan
| | - Christiane Baschien
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kadri Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Wen-Ying Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Danny Haelewaters
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard Herbarium, 22 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Duckchul Park
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Steffen Carl
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, 135 College St, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Townsend
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, 135 College St, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Diversity and distribution of hidden cultivable fungi associated with marine animals of Antarctica. Fungal Biol 2019; 123:507-516. [PMID: 31196520 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we surveyed the distribution and diversity of fungal assemblages associated with 10 species of marine animals from Antarctica. The collections yielded 83 taxa from 27 distinct genera, which were identified using molecular biology methods. The most abundant taxa were Cladosporium sp. 1, Debaryomyces hansenii, Glaciozyma martinii, Metschnikowia australis, Pseudogymnoascus destructans, Thelebolus cf. globosus, Pseudogymnoascus pannorum, Tolypocladium tundrense, Metschnikowia australis, and different Penicillium species. The diversity, richness, and dominance of fungal assemblages ranged among the host; however, in general, the fungal community, which was composed of endemic and cold-adapted cosmopolitan taxa distributed across the different sites of Antarctic Peninsula, displayed high diversity, richness, and dominance indices. Our results contribute to knowledge about fungal diversity in the marine environment across the Antarctic Peninsula and their phylogenetic relationships with species that occur in other cold, temperate, and tropical regions of the World. Additionally, despite their extreme habitats, marine Antarctic animals shelter cryptic and complex fungal assemblages represented by endemic and cosmopolitan cold-adapted taxa, which may represent interesting models to study different symbiotic associations between fungi and their animal hosts in the extreme conditions of Antarctica.
Collapse
|
40
|
Bovio E, Garzoli L, Poli A, Luganini A, Villa P, Musumeci R, McCormack GP, Cocuzza CE, Gribaudo G, Mehiri M, Varese GC. Marine Fungi from the Sponge Grantia compressa: Biodiversity, Chemodiversity, and Biotechnological Potential. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E220. [PMID: 30978942 PMCID: PMC6520677 DOI: 10.3390/md17040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance and viruses with high epidemic potential made unexplored marine environments an appealing target source for new metabolites. Marine fungi represent one of the most suitable sources for the discovery of new compounds. Thus, the aim of this work was (i) to isolate and identify fungi associated with the Atlantic sponge Grantia compressa; (ii) to study the fungal metabolites by applying the OSMAC approach (one strain; many compounds); (iii) to test fungal compounds for their antimicrobial activities. Twenty-one fungal strains (17 taxa) were isolated from G. compressa. The OSMAC approach revealed an astonishing metabolic diversity in the marine fungus Eurotium chevalieri MUT 2316, from which 10 compounds were extracted, isolated, and characterized. All metabolites were tested against viruses and bacteria (reference and multidrug-resistant strains). Dihydroauroglaucin completely inhibited the replication of influenza A virus; as for herpes simplex virus 1, total inhibition of replication was observed for both physcion and neoechinulin D. Six out of 10 compounds were active against Gram-positive bacteria with isodihydroauroglaucin being the most promising compound (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 4-64 µg/mL) with bactericidal activity. Overall, G. compressa proved to be an outstanding source of fungal diversity. Marine fungi were capable of producing different metabolites; in particular, the compounds isolated from E. chevalieri showed promising bioactivity against well-known and emerging pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bovio
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy.
- University Nice Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Nice Institute of Chemistry, UMR 7272, Marine Natural Products Team, 60103 Nice, France.
| | - Laura Garzoli
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Anna Poli
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Anna Luganini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy.
| | - Pietro Villa
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Rosario Musumeci
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Grace P McCormack
- Zoology, Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.
| | - Clementina E Cocuzza
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy.
| | - Mohamed Mehiri
- University Nice Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Nice Institute of Chemistry, UMR 7272, Marine Natural Products Team, 60103 Nice, France.
| | - Giovanna C Varese
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Malard LA, Pearce DA. Microbial diversity and biogeography in Arctic soils. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 10:611-625. [PMID: 30028082 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms dominate terrestrial environments in the polar regions and Arctic soils are known to harbour significant microbial diversity, far more diverse and numerous in the region than was once thought. Furthermore, the geographic distribution and structure of Arctic microbial communities remains elusive, despite their important roles in both biogeochemical cycling and in the generation and decomposition of climate active gases. Critically, Arctic soils are estimated to store over 1500 Pg of carbon and, thus, have the potential to generate positive feedback within the climate system. As the Arctic region is currently undergoing rapid change, the likelihood of faster release of greenhouse gases such as CO2 , CH4 and N2 O is increasing. Understanding the microbial communities in the region, in terms of their diversity, abundance and functional activity, is key to producing accurate models of greenhouse gas release. This review brings together existing data to determine what we know about microbial diversity and biogeography in Arctic soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie A Malard
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - David A Pearce
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Calabon MS, Sadaba RB, Campos WL. Fungal diversity of mangrove-associated sponges from New Washington, Aklan, Philippines. Mycology 2018; 10:6-21. [PMID: 30834148 PMCID: PMC6394314 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2018.1518934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sponge-associated fungi are the least explored marine fungal groups. It is only in recent years that fungal symbionts of marine sponges have received attention mainly due to the isolation of bioactive metabolites while not much attention was given to their specificity, biogeography and exact roles in marine sponges. The diversity of fungi associated with mangrove sponges (Axinella sp., Halichondria cf. panicea, Haliclona sp., Tedania sp.) collected from New Washington, Aklan, Philippines were investigated using morphological observation. A total of 110 species of sponge-associated fungi belonging to 22 genera of ascomycetes with 18 genera of asexual morphs whose sexual stage is unknown, 2 genera of basidiomycetes, 21 morphospecies of Mycelia sterilia, 1 unidentified yeast species and 11 unidentified hyphomycetes were isolated from four species of mangrove sponges. This is the first study that explored the diversity and ecology of sponge-associated fungi in mangrove habitats from the Philippines. The results of the study suggest host-preference by various fungal taxa and the development of fungi on these hosts appeared to be strongly influenced by the characteristics or nature of the immediate environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Calabon
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Philippines
| | - Resurreccion B Sadaba
- Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines
| | - Wilfredo L Campos
- Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines.,OceanBio and MarineBio Laboratories, Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Poveda G, Gil-Durán C, Vaca I, Levicán G, Chávez R. Cold-active pectinolytic activity produced by filamentous fungi associated with Antarctic marine sponges. Biol Res 2018; 51:28. [PMID: 30149803 PMCID: PMC6109986 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pectinase enzymes catalyze the breakdown of pectin, a key component of the plant cell wall. At industrial level, pectinases are used in diverse applications, especially in food-processing industry. Currently, most of the industrial pectinases have optimal activity at mesophilic temperatures. On the contrary, very little is known about the pectinolytic activities from organisms from cold climates such as Antarctica. In this work, 27 filamentous fungi isolated from marine sponges collected in King George Island, Antarctica, were screened as new source of cold-active pectinases. Results In semi-quantitative plate assays, 8 out 27 of these isolates showed pectinolytic activities at 15 °C and one of them, Geomyces sp. strain F09-T3-2, showed the highest production of pectinases in liquid medium containing pectin as sole carbon source. More interesting, Geomyces sp. F09-T3-2 showed optimal pectinolytic activity at 30 °C, 10 °C under the temperature of currently available commercial mesophilic pectinases. Conclusion Filamentous fungi associated with Antarctic marine sponges are a promising source of pectinolytic activity. In particular, pectinases from Geomyces sp. F09-T3-2 may be potentially suitable for biotechnological applications needing cold-active pectinases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the production of pectinolytic activity from filamentous fungi from any environment in Antarctica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Poveda
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Gil-Durán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile
| | - Inmaculada Vaca
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gloria Levicán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renato Chávez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nguyen MT, Thomas T. Diversity, host-specificity and stability of sponge-associated fungal communities of co-occurring sponges. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4965. [PMID: 29888140 PMCID: PMC5991299 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi play a critical role in a range of ecosystems; however, their interactions and functions in marine hosts, and particular sponges, is poorly understood. Here we assess the fungal community composition of three co-occurring sponges (Cymbastela concentrica, Scopalina sp., Tedania anhelans) and the surrounding seawater over two time points to help elucidate host-specificity, stability and potential core members, which may shed light into the ecological function of fungi in sponges. The results showed that ITS-amplicon-based community profiling likely provides a more realistic assessment of fungal diversity in sponges than cultivation-dependent approaches. The sponges studied here were found to contain phylogenetically diverse fungi (eight fungal classes were observed), including members of the family Togniniaceae and the genus Acrostalagmus, that have so far not been reported to be cultured from sponges. Fungal communities within any given sponge species were found to be highly variable compared to bacterial communities, and influenced in structure by the community of the surrounding seawater, especially considering temporal variation. Nevertheless, the sponge species studied here contained a few "variable/core" fungi that appeared in multiple biological replicates and were enriched in their relative abundance compared to seawater communities. These fungi were the same or highly similar to fungal species detected in sponges around the world, which suggests a prevalence of horizontal transmission where selectivity and enrichment of some fungi occur for those that can survive and/or exploit the sponge environment. Our current sparse knowledge about sponge-associated fungi thus indicate that fungal communities may perhaps not play as an important ecological role in the sponge holobiont compared to bacterial or archaeal symbionts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary T.H.D. Nguyen
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bovio E, Garzoli L, Poli A, Prigione V, Firsova D, McCormack G, Varese G. The culturable mycobiota associated with three Atlantic sponges, including two new species: Thelebolus balaustiformis and T. spongiae. Fungal Syst Evol 2018; 1:141-167. [PMID: 32490365 PMCID: PMC7259239 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2018.01.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Covering 70 % of Earth, oceans are at the same time the most common and the environment least studied by microbiologists. Considering the large gaps in our knowledge on the presence of marine fungi in the oceans, the aim of this research was to isolate and identify the culturable fungal community within three species of sponges, namely Dysidea fragilis, Pachymatisma johnstonia and Sycon ciliatum, collected in the Atlantic Ocean and never studied for their associated mycobiota. Applying different isolation methods, incubation temperatures and media, and attempting to mimic the marine and sponge environments, were fundamental to increase the number of cultivable taxa. Fungi were identified using a polyphasic approach, by means of morpho-physiological, molecular and phylogenetic techniques. The sponges revealed an astonishing fungal diversity represented by 87 fungal taxa. Each sponge hosted a specific fungal community with more than half of the associated fungi being exclusive of each invertebrate. Several species isolated and identified in this work, already known in terrestrial environment, were first reported in marine ecosystems (21 species) and in association with sponges (49 species), including the two new species Thelebolus balaustiformis and Thelebolus spongiae, demonstrating that oceans are an untapped source of biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Bovio
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
- Marine Natural Products Team, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry (UMR 7272), University Nice Côte d’Azur, Nice, 06100, France
| | - L. Garzoli
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - A. Poli
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - V. Prigione
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - D. Firsova
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - G.P. McCormack
- Zoology, Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - G.C. Varese
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gil-Durán C, Ravanal MC, Ubilla P, Vaca I, Chávez R. Heterologous expression, purification and characterization of a highly thermolabile endoxylanase from the Antarctic fungus Cladosporium sp. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:875-882. [PMID: 30115321 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous endoxylanases from mesophilic fungi have been purified and characterized. However, endoxylanases from cold-adapted fungi, especially those from Antarctica, have been less studied. In this work, a cDNA from the Antarctic fungus Cladosporium sp. with similarity to endoxylanases from glycosyl hydrolase family 10, was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The pure recombinant enzyme (named XynA) showed optimal activity on xylan at 50 °C and pH 6-7. The enzyme releases xylooligosaccharides but not xylose, indicating that XynA is a classical endoxylanase. The enzyme was most active on xylans with high content of arabinose (rye arabinoylan and wheat arabinoxylan) than on xylans with low content of arabinose (oat spelts xylan, birchwood xylan and beechwood xylan). Finally, XynA showed a very low thermostability. After 20-30 min of incubation at 40 °C, the enzyme was completely inactivated, suggesting that XynA would be the most thermolabile endoxylanase described so far in filamentous fungi. This is one of the few reports describing the heterologous expression and characterization of a xylanase from a fungus isolated from Antarctica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gil-Durán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile
| | - María-Cristina Ravanal
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avenida República 239, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICYTAL), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Avda. Julio Sarrazín s/n, Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Pamela Ubilla
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile
| | - Inmaculada Vaca
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, 7800003, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renato Chávez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Vieira G, Purić J, Morão L, dos Santos J, Inforsato F, Sette L, Ferreira H, Sass D. Terrestrial and marine Antarctic fungi extracts active against Xanthomonas citri
subsp. citri. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 67:64-71. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; Institute of Biosciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP) “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”; Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - J. Purić
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; Institute of Biosciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP) “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”; Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - L.G. Morão
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; Institute of Biosciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP) “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”; Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - J.A. dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; Institute of Biosciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP) “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”; Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - F.J. Inforsato
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; Institute of Biosciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP) “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”; Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - L.D. Sette
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; Institute of Biosciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP) “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”; Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - H. Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; Institute of Biosciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP) “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”; Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - D.C. Sass
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; Institute of Biosciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP) “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”; Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ma R, Huang H, Bai Y, Luo H, Fan Y, Yao B. Insight into the cold adaptation and hemicellulose utilization of Cladosporium neopsychrotolerans from genome analysis and biochemical characterization. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6075. [PMID: 29666397 PMCID: PMC5904165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24443-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of Cladosporium in cold ecosystems has been evidenced long before, and most of the knowledge about nutrient utilization of this genus is sporadic. An alpine soil isolate C. neopsychrotolerans SL-16, showing great cold tolerance and significant lignocellulose-degrading capability, was sequenced to form a 35.9 Mb genome that contains 13,456 predicted genes. Functional annotation on predicted genes revealed a wide array of proteins involved in the transport and metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and lipid. Large numbers of transmembrane proteins (967) and CAZymes (571) were identified, and those related to hemicellulose degradation was the most abundant. To undermine the hemicellulose (xyaln as the main component) utilization mechanism of SL-16, the mRNA levels of 23 xylanolytic enzymes were quantified, and representatives of three glycoside hydrolase families were functionally characterized. The enzymes showed similar neutral, cold active and thermolabile properties and synergistic action on xylan degradation (the synergy degree up to 15.32). Kinetic analysis and sequence and structure comparison with mesophilic and thermophilic homologues indicated that these cold-active enzymes employed different cold adaptation strategies to function well in cold environment. These similar and complementary advantages in cold adaptation and catalysis might explain the high efficiency of lignocellulose conversion observed in SL-16 under low temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Biotechnology Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingguo Bai
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunliu Fan
- Biotechnology Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Purić J, Vieira G, Cavalca LB, Sette LD, Ferreira H, Vieira MLC, Sass DC. Activity of Antarctic fungi extracts against phytopathogenic bacteria. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29527704 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to obtain secondary metabolites extracts from filamentous fungi isolated from soil and marine sediments from Antarctic ecosystems and to assess its potential antibacterial activity on Xanthomonas euvesicatoria and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae (phytopathogenic bacteria causing diseases in pepper and tomato and passionfruit, respectively). Among the 66 crude intracellular and extracellular extracts obtained from fungi recovered from soil and 79 obtained from marine sediment samples, 25 showed the ability to prevent the growth of X. euvesicatoria in vitro and 28 showed the ability to prevent the growth of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae in vitro. Intracellular and extracellular extracts from soil fungi inhibited around 97% of X. euvesicatoria and 98% of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae at 2·1 mg ml-1 . The average inhibition rates against X. euvesicatoria and X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae for intracellular and extracellular extracts from marine sediments fungi were around 96 and 97%, respectively, at 3·0 mg ml-1 . Extracts containing secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity against X. euvesicatoria and X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae were obtained, containing possible substitutes for the products currently used to control these phytopathogens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Micro-organisms from extreme ecosystems, such as the Antarctic ecosystem, need to survive in harsh conditions with low temperatures, low nutrients and high UV radiation. Micro-organisms adapt to these conditions evolving diverse biochemical and physiological adaptations essential for survival. All this makes these micro-organisms a rich source of novel natural products based on unique chemical scaffolds. Discovering novel bioactive compounds is essential because of the rise in antibiotic-resistant micro-organisms and the emergence of new infections. Fungi from Antarctic environments have been proven to produce bioactive secondary metabolites against various micro-organisms, but few studies have shown activity against Xanthomonas phytopathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Purić
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP) 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP) 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L B Cavalca
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP) 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L D Sette
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP) 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP) 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M L C Vieira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Departamento de Genética, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - D C Sass
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP) 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|