1
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Kang J, Chang Y. Characterization of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus-targeting lytic bacteriophage SSJ01 and its application in artificial seawater. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1505-1515. [PMID: 38585574 PMCID: PMC10991608 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen causing serious illnesses. In this study, a new lytic bacteriophage SSJ01 that infects V. parahaemolyticus was isolated and characterized. It had a short non-contractile tail and belonged to the Caudoviricetes class. It rapidly adsorbed onto host cells, exhibited a short latent period, and has a large burst size. It showed lytic activities under a broad range of temperature (- 18 to 60 °C), pH (5 to 11), and salinity (0 to 6%). It contained 35 open reading frames with a G + C content of 49.16% without toxic or lysogen-forming genes. The MOI of 105 phage-treated group in vitro reduced the target cells up to 3.49-log CFU/mL at 6 °C and 3.47-log CFU/mL at 25 °C, respectively. In aquatic environments (6 and 25 °C), bactericidal activities showed a significant decrease within 2 h. Therefore, the bacteriophage SSJ01 has potential as a biocontrol agent to control V. parahaemolyticus in marine culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungu Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjee Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
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2
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Wake Up! Resuscitation of Viable but Nonculturable Bacteria: Mechanism and Potential Application. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010082. [PMID: 36613298 PMCID: PMC9818539 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state is a survival strategy for bacteria when encountered with unfavorable conditions. Under favorable environments such as nutrient supplementation, external stress elimination, or supplementation with resuscitation-promoting substances, bacteria will recover from the VBNC state, which is termed "resuscitation". The resuscitation phenomenon is necessary for proof of VBNC existence, which has been confirmed in different ways to exclude the possibility of culturable-cell regrowth. The resuscitation of VBNC cells has been widely studied for the purpose of risk control of recovered pathogenic or spoilage bacteria. From another aspect, the resuscitation of functional bacteria can also be considered a promising field to explore. To support this point, the resuscitation mechanisms were comprehensively reviewed, which could provide the theoretical foundations for the application of resuscitated VBNC cells. In addition, the proposed applications, as well as the prospects for further applications of resuscitated VBNC bacteria in the food industry are discussed in this review.
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3
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A double layer agar plate method results in an improvement for enumerating Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus exposed to nutrient deficiency and refrigeration temperature. Food Microbiol 2022; 107:104085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Lin IC, Hussain B, Hsu BM, Chen JS, Hsu YL, Chiu YC, Huang SW, Wang JL. Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Toxigenic Profile of Vibrio vulnificus Isolated from Aquatic Environments in Taiwan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050505. [PMID: 33946739 PMCID: PMC8147101 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative, opportunistic human pathogen associated with life-threatening wound infections and is commonly found in warm coastal marine water environments, globally. In this study, two fishing harbors and three tributaries of the river basin were analyzed for the prevalence of V. vulnificus in the water bodies and shellfish that are under the pressure of external pollutions. The average detection rate of V. vulnificus in the river basins and fishing harbors was 8.3% and 4.2%, respectively, in all seasons. A total of nine strains of V. vulnificus were isolated in pure cultures from 160 samples belonging to river basins and fishing harbors to analyze the antibiotic susceptibility, virulence gene profiles, and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) fingerprinting. All isolates were susceptible to 10 tested antibiotics. The genotypic characterization revealed that 11.1% (n = 1/9) strain was nonvirulent, whereas 88.9% (n = 8/9) isolates were virulent strains, which possessed the four most prevalent toxin genes such as vcgC (88.9%), 16S B (88.9%), vvhA (88.9%), and manIIA (88.9%), followed by nanA (77.8%), CPS1 (66.7), and PRXII (44.4%). Additionally, ERIC-PCR fingerprinting grouped these nine isolates into two main clusters, among which the river basin isolates showed genetically diverse profiles, suggesting multiple sources of V. vulnificus. Ultimately, this study highlighted the virulent strains of V. vulnificus in the coastal aquatic environments of Taiwan, harboring a potential risk of infection to human health through water-borne transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ching Lin
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua City 500, Taiwan;
- Department of Family Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung City 413, Taiwan
| | - Bashir Hussain
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan;
- Center for Innovative on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-5272-0411 (ext. 66218)
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ling Hsu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chou Chiu
- General Surgery, Surgical Department, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan;
- Super Micro Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Ling Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
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5
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Hamabata T, Senoh M, Iwaki M, Nishiyama A, Yamamoto A, Shibayama K. Induction and Resuscitation of Viable but Nonculturable Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050927. [PMID: 33925877 PMCID: PMC8145655 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae, can become viable but nonculturable (VBNC) following exposure to specific stress conditions. Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a known human pathogen causing diphtheria, has not previously been shown to enter the VBNC state. Here, we report that C. diphtheriae can become VBNC when exposed to low temperatures. Morphological differences in culturable and VBNC C. diphtheriae were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Culturable cells presented with a typical rod-shape, whereas VBNC cells showed a distorted shape with an expanded center. Cells could be transitioned from VBNC to culturable following treatment with catalase. This was further evaluated via RNA sequence-based transcriptomic analysis and reverse-transcription quantitative PCR of culturable, VBNC, and resuscitated VBNC cells following catalase treatment. As expected, many genes showed different behavior by resuscitation. The expression of both the diphtheria toxin and the repressor of diphtheria toxin genes remained largely unchanged under all four conditions (culturable, VBNC, VBNC after the addition of catalase, and resuscitated cells). This is the first study to demonstrate that C. diphtheriae can enter a VBNC state and that it can be rescued from this state via the addition of catalase. This study helps to expand our general understanding of VBNC, the pathogenicity of VBNC C. diphtheriae, and its environmental survival strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hamabata
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; (T.H.); (A.N.)
| | - Mitsutoshi Senoh
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-561-0771
| | - Masaaki Iwaki
- Management Department of Biosafety and Laboratory Animal, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (M.I.); (A.Y.)
| | - Ayae Nishiyama
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; (T.H.); (A.N.)
| | - Akihiko Yamamoto
- Management Department of Biosafety and Laboratory Animal, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (M.I.); (A.Y.)
| | - Keigo Shibayama
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan;
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6
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Gao R, Liao X, Zhao X, Liu D, Ding T. The diagnostic tools for viable but nonculturable pathogens in the food industry: Current status and future prospects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2146-2175. [PMID: 33484068 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Viable but nonculturable (VBNC) microorganisms have been recognized as pathogenic contaminants in foods and environments. The failure of VBNC cells to form the visible colonies hinders the ability to use conventional media for their detection. Efficient and rapid detection of pathogens in the VBNC state is a prerequisite to ensure the food safety and public health. Despite their nonculturability, VBNC cells have distinct characteristics, such as morphology, metabolism, chemical composition, and gene and protein expression, that have been used as the basis for the development of abundant diagnostic tools. This review covers the current status and advances in various approaches for examining microorganisms in the VBNC state, including but not limited to the methodological aspects, advantages, and drawbacks of each technique. Existing methods, such as direct viable count, SYTO/PI dual staining, and propidium monoazide quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as well as some techniques with potential to be applied in the future, such as digital PCR, enhanced-surface Raman spectroscopy, and impedance-based techniques, are summarized in depth. Finally, future prospects for the one-step detection of VBNC bacteria are proposed and discussed. We believe that this review can provide more optional methods for researchers and promote the development of rapid, accurate detecting methods, and for inspectors, the diagnostic tools can provide data to undertake risk analysis of VBNC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Liao
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xihong Zhao
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian Ding
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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7
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Li Y, Huang TY, Mao Y, Chen Y, Shi F, Peng R, Chen J, Yuan L, Bai C, Chen L, Wang K, Liu J. Study on the Viable but Non-culturable (VBNC) State Formation of Staphylococcus aureus and Its Control in Food System. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:599739. [PMID: 33324380 PMCID: PMC7726111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.599739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A Viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state is a bacterial survival strategy under reverse conditions. It poses a significant challenge for public health and food safety. In this study, the effect of external environmental conditions including acid, nutrition, and salt concentrations on the formation of S. aureus VBNC states at low temperatures were investigated. Different acidity and nutritional conditions were then applied to food products to control the VBNC state formation. Four different concentration levels of each factor (acid, nutrition, and salt) were selected in a total of 16 experimental groups. Nutrition showed the highest influence on the VBNC state formation S. aureus, followed by acid and salt. The addition of 1% acetic acid could directly kill S. aureus cells and inhibit the formation of the VBNC state with a nutrition concentration of 25, 50, and 100%. A propidium monoazide-polymerase chain reaction (PMA-PCR) assay was applied and considered as a rapid and sensitive method to detect S. aureus in VBNC state with the detection limit of 104 CFU/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Li
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng-Yi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yuzhu Mao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Shi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruixin Peng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxuan Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Caiying Bai
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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8
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Copin S, Mougin J, Raguenet V, Robert-Pillot A, Midelet G, Grard T, Bonnin-Jusserand M. Ethidium and propidium monoazide: comparison of potential toxicity on Vibrio sp. viability. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:245-250. [PMID: 33058219 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio sp., ubiquitous in the aquatic ecosystem, are bacteria of interest because of their involvement in human health, causing gastroenteritis after ingestion of seafood, as well as their role in vibriosis leading to severe losses in aquaculture production. Their ability to enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state under stressful environmental conditions may lead to underestimation of the Vibrio population by traditional microbiological enumeration methods. As a result, using molecular methods in combination with EMA or PMA allows the detection of viable (VBNC and culturable viable) cells. In this study, the impact of the EMA and PMA was tested at different concentrations on the viability of several Vibrio species. We compared the toxicity of these two DNA-binding dyes to determine the best pretreatment to use with qPCR to discriminate between viable and dead Vibrio cells. Our results showed that EMA displayed lethal effects for each strain of V. cholerae and V. vulnificus tested. In contrast, the concentrations of PMA tested had no toxic effect on the viability of Vibrio cells studied. These results may help to achieve optimal PMA-qPCR methods to detect viable Vibrio sp. cells in food and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Copin
- Agence Nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire de sécurité des aliments, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - J Mougin
- Institut Charles Viollette, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAE, Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Yncréa, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - V Raguenet
- Agence Nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire de sécurité des aliments, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - A Robert-Pillot
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Centre National de Référence des Vibrions et du Choléra, Paris, France
| | - G Midelet
- Agence Nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire de sécurité des aliments, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - T Grard
- Institut Charles Viollette, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAE, Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Yncréa, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - M Bonnin-Jusserand
- Institut Charles Viollette, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAE, Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Yncréa, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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9
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Bonny SQ, Hossain MAM, Uddin SMK, Pulingam T, Sagadevan S, Johan MR. Current trends in polymerase chain reaction based detection of three major human pathogenic vibrios. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1317-1335. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1841728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Quazi Bonny
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M. A. Motalib Hossain
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syed Muhammad Kamal Uddin
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thiruchelvi Pulingam
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suresh Sagadevan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rafie Johan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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10
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Chen S, Zeng J, Wang Y, Ye C, Zhu S, Feng L, Zhang S, Yu X. Modelling the effect of chlorination/chloramination on induction of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) Escherichia coli. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:3443-3455. [PMID: 31018776 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1611939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many bacteria, including Escherichia coli, are known to enter into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state when exposed to harsh environmental stresses. The VBNC cells introduced by chlorination/chloramination have raised increasing concern about biological safety of drinking water. A quantitative relationship between chlorination/chloramination and number of VBNC cells has not been found. In this study, a mathematical model was developed to quantify the effect of chlorination/chloramination on induction of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) Escherichia coli. the model was generated based on a first order kinetics of chlorination/chloramination using the data collected from laboratory disinfection experiments. The disinfection rates of culturable cells (kc ) and viable cells (kv ) were dose-dependent, and they were also modelled in different initial concentrations by regression analysis to overcome the shortcoming of dose-dependent. In general, the kc and kv values for chlorination (kc , 2.59-29.89 h-1; kv , 19.52-26.74 h-1) was 2-58 times greater than that for chloramination (kc , 0.5446-10.81 h-1; kv , 0.3398-14.57 h-1), suggesting that chlorine was more effective than chloramine in reducing the number of culturable and VBNC cells at same dose of disinfectant. Ultimately, the generated models, which could describe the dynamics of VBNC cells formation in chlorination/chloramination, can provide practical guidance in drinking water treatment and it can also be applied to risk assessment of drinking water management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahong Wang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengsong Ye
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- Beijing Guohuan Tsinghua Environmental Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of the Environment, China Renmin University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
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11
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Liu D, Hu B, Peng D, Lu S, Gao S, Li Z, Wang L, Jiao B. Isolation ssDNA aptamers specific for both live and viable but nonculturable stateVibrio vulnificususing whole bacteria-SEILEX technology. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15997-16008. [PMID: 35493682 PMCID: PMC9052868 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10733a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a ubiquitous marine bacterium that may cause rapid and deadly infection, threatening lives of people living around natural bodies of water, especially in coastal regions. However, traditional culture-based methods are time-consuming and unable to detect Viable But Non-Culturable (VBNC) V. vulnificus cells. In this work, we isolated a batch of detection aptamers specifically binding to V. vulnificus in all culture status. With traditional whole bacteria-SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment), flow cytometer analysis and imaging, we identify 18 candidates and validated two of them (V8 and V13) as applicable aptamers. Their truncated sequences also showed comparable performance. The dissociation constant (KD) value of V8 is shown to be as low as 11.22 ± 1.32 nM. Optimal aptamers V8 and V13 are also validated to be effective to detect different Vibrio vulnificus strains under different binding environments using flow cytometry. As for detection parameters, the LOD of the V8 from cytometry is 29.96 CFU mL−1, and the linear range is 102–5 × 105 CFU mL−1. This is the first case demonstrating that aptamers can detect the existence of VBNC bacteria as well as live bacteria. With whole-bacteria SELEX, we got aptamers that can bind to V. vulnificus in VBNC Status for the first time.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dingfa Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shunxiang Gao
- Eye & ENT Hospital
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology
- Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science
- Shanghai Medical College
- Fudan University
| | - Zhengang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lianghua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Binghua Jiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
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12
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Dong K, Pan H, Yang D, Rao L, Zhao L, Wang Y, Liao X. Induction, detection, formation, and resuscitation of viable but non‐culturable state microorganisms. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 19:149-183. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing China
| | - Hanxu Pan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing China
| | - Dong Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing China
| | - Lei Rao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing China
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13
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Wang P, Hu A, Fan X, Zhao X, Ge Y, Chen Y. Bacterial communities in prepared foods available at supermarkets in Beijing, China. Food Res Int 2019; 120:668-678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Wei C, Zhao X. Induction of Viable but Nonculturable Escherichia coli O157:H7 by Low Temperature and Its Resuscitation. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2728. [PMID: 30555428 PMCID: PMC6282054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells are alive bacteria cells, but lose their culturability in conventional culture media, usually escape detection by the plate count method and pose a serious threat to food safety and public health. Therefore, it is urgent to study the VBNC status, and to provide theoretical basis and scientific basis for food processing and safety control caused by pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, Escherichia coli O157:H7 was induced to the VBNC state at two different temperatures (-20°C and 4°C) and its resuscitation and morphological changes under different nutritional conditions were studied. The initial inoculum of 2.1 × 107 CFU/mL E. coli O157:H7 cells were induced into the VBNC state in normal saline, distilled water, LB broth at -20 °C after 176, 160, 80 days, respectively. The results showed that E. coli O157:H7 reserved at -20°C, and LB culture medium were easier to enter VBNC state than others conditions, the cells still had metabolic activity and the cell morphology changed from the typical rod shape to short rod and the cell size decreased. The resuscitate ways including the direct warming resuscitation, gradual warming resuscitation, adding chemical substance resuscitation, and adding nutrients resuscitation were studied. The results showed that the optimal conditions of 5% Tween 80 and 3% Tween 80 acculated the resuscitation of E. coli O157:H7 VBNC state cells induced by low temperature LB medium and low temperature saline. E. coli O157:H7 VBNC state failed from resuscitation when incubating in LB broth, respectively using direct warming and adding nutrients substance. This study provides new insights into induction and resuscitation of VBNC E. coli O157:H7 and offers an approach for investigating the formation mechanism of VBNC foodborne pathogens in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijiao Wei
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Hubei Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xihong Zhao
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Hubei Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Liu J, Deng Y, Li L, Li B, Li Y, Zhou S, Shirtliff ME, Xu Z, Peters BM. Discovery and control of culturable and viable but non-culturable cells of a distinctive Lactobacillus harbinensis strain from spoiled beer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11446. [PMID: 30061572 PMCID: PMC6065415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Occasional beer spoilage incidents caused by false-negative isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, result in significant profit loss and pose a major concern in the brewing industry. In this study, both culturable and VBNC cells of an individual Lactobacillus harbinensis strain BM-LH14723 were identified in one spoiled beer sample by genome sequencing, with the induction and resuscitation of VBNC state for this strain further investigated. Formation of the VBNC state was triggered by low-temperature storage in beer (175 ± 1.4 days) and beer subculturing (25 ± 0.8 subcultures), respectively, and identified by both traditional staining method and PMA-PCR. Resuscitated cells from the VBNC state were obtained by addition of catalase rather than temperature upshift, changing medium concentration, and adding other chemicals, and both VBNC and resuscitated cells retained similar beer-spoilage capability as exponentially growing cells. In addition to the first identification of both culturable and VBNC cells of an individual L. harbinensis strain from spoiled beer, this study also for the first time reported the VBNC induction and resuscitation, as well as verification of beer-spoilage capability of VBNC and resuscitated cells for the L. harbinensis strain. Genes in association with VBNC state were also identified by the first genome sequencing of beer spoilage L. harbinensis. The results derived from this study suggested the contamination and spoilage of beer products by VBNC and resuscitated L. harbinensis strain BM-LH14723.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Yang Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shishui Zhou
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mark E Shirtliff
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore MD, MA, 21201, USA
| | - Zhenbo Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P.R. China. .,Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore MD, MA, 21201, USA.
| | - Brian M Peters
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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16
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Li Y, Yang L, Fu J, Yan M, Chen D, Zhang L. The novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification based confirmation methodology on the bacteria in Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) state. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:280-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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17
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A Proteomic Signature of Dormancy in the Actinobacterium Micrococcus luteus. J Bacteriol 2017; 199:JB.00206-17. [PMID: 28484042 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00206-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dormancy is a protective state in which diverse bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Treponema pallidum (syphilis), and Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease), curtail metabolic activity to survive external stresses, including antibiotics. Evidence suggests dormancy consists of a continuum of interrelated states, including viable but nonculturable (VBNC) and persistence states. VBNC and persistence contribute to antibiotic tolerance, reemergence from latent infections, and even quorum sensing and biofilm formation. Previous studies indicate that the protein mechanisms regulating persistence and VBNC states are not well understood. We have queried the VBNC state of Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665 (MI-2665) by quantitative proteomics combining gel electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, and tandem mass spectrometry to elucidate some of these mechanisms. MI-2665 is a nonpathogenic actinobacterium containing a small (2.5-Mb), high-GC-content genome which exhibits a well-defined VBNC state induced by nutrient deprivation. The MI-2665 VBNC state demonstrated a loss of protein diversity accompanied by increased levels of 18 proteins that are conserved across actinobacteria, 14 of which have not been previously identified in VNBC. These proteins implicate an anaplerotic strategy in the transition to VBNC, including changes in the glyoxylate shunt, redox and amino acid metabolism, and ribosomal regulatory processes. Our data suggest that MI-2665 is a viable model for dissecting the protein mechanisms underlying the VBNC stress response and provide the first protein-level signature of this state. We expect that this protein signature will enable future studies deciphering the protein mechanisms of dormancy and identify novel therapeutic strategies effective against antibiotic-tolerant bacterial infections.IMPORTANCE Dormancy is a protective state enabling bacteria to survive antibiotics, starvation, and the immune system. Dormancy is comprised of different states, including persistent and viable but nonculturable (VBNC) states that contribute to the spread of bacterial infections. Therefore, it is imperative to identify how bacteria utilize these different dormancy states to survive antibiotic treatment. The objective of our research is to eliminate dormancy as a route to antibiotic tolerance by understanding the proteins that control dormancy in Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665. This bacterium has unique advantages for studying dormancy, including a small genome and a well-defined and reproducible VBNC state. Our experiments implicate four previously identified and 14 novel proteins upregulated in VBNC that may regulate this critical survival mechanism.
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18
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Zhao X, Zhong J, Wei C, Lin CW, Ding T. Current Perspectives on Viable but Non-culturable State in Foodborne Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:580. [PMID: 28421064 PMCID: PMC5378802 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, a unique state in which a number of bacteria respond to adverse circumstances, was first discovered in 1982. Unfortunately, it has been reported that many foodborne pathogens can be induced to enter the VBNC state by the limiting environmental conditions during food processing and preservation, such as extreme temperatures, drying, irradiation, pulsed electric field, and high pressure stress, as well as the addition of preservatives and disinfectants. After entering the VBNC state, foodborne pathogens will introduce a serious crisis to food safety and public health because they cannot be detected using conventional plate counting techniques. This review provides an overview of the various features of the VBNC state, including the biological characteristics, induction and resuscitation factors, formation and resuscitation mechanisms, detection methods, and relationship to food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Hubei Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Junliang Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Hubei Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Caijiao Wei
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Hubei Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Chii-Wann Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Tian Ding
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
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19
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Liu J, Li L, Li B, Peters BM, Deng Y, Xu Z, Shirtliff ME. First study on the formation and resuscitation of viable but nonculturable state and beer spoilage capability of Lactobacillus lindneri. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:219-224. [PMID: 28377233 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the spoilage capability of Lactobacillus lindneri during the induction and resuscitation of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state. METHODS L. lindneri strain was identified by sequencing the PCR product (amplifying 16S rRNA gene) using ABI Prism 377 DNA Sequencer. During the VBNC state induction by low temperature storage and beer adaption, total, culturable, and viable cells were assessed by acridine orange direct counting, plate counting, and Live/Dead BacLight bacterial viability kit, respectively. Organic acids and diacetyl concentration were measured by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and head dpace gas chromatography, respectively. RESULTS VBNC state of L. lindneri was successfully induced by both beer adaption and low temperature storage, and glycerol frozen stock was the optimal way to maintain the VBNC state. Addition of catalase was found to be an effective method for the resuscitation of VBNC L. lindneri cells. Furthermore, spoilage capability remained similar during the induction and resuscitation of VBNC L. lindneri. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of induction by low temperature storage and resuscitation of VBNC L. lindneri strain, as well as the first identification of spoilage capability of VBNC and resuscitated L. lindneri cells. This study indicated that the potential colonization of L. lindneri strain in brewery environment, formation and resuscitation of VBNC state, as well as maintenance in beer spoilage capability, may be an important risk factor for brewery environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN 38163, USA
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Brian M Peters
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN 38163, USA
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Zhenbo Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore MD 21201, USA.
| | - Mark E Shirtliff
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
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20
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Liu J, Zhou R, Li L, Peters BM, Li B, Lin CW, Chuang TL, Chen D, Zhao X, Xiong Z, Xu Z, Shirtliff ME. Viable but non-culturable state and toxin gene expression of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 under cryopreservation. Res Microbiol 2017; 168:188-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Orruño M, Kaberdin VR, Arana I. Survival strategies of Escherichia coli and Vibrio spp.: contribution of the viable but nonculturable phenotype to their stress-resistance and persistence in adverse environments. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:45. [PMID: 28161849 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In their natural ecosystems, bacteria are continuously exposed to changing environmental factors including physicochemical parameters (e.g. temperature, pH, etc.), availability of nutrients as well as interaction(s) with other organisms. To increase their tolerance and survival under adverse conditions, bacteria trigger a number of adaptation mechanisms. One of the well-known adaptation responses of the non-spore-forming bacteria is the acquisition of the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. This phenotype is induced by different stress factors (e.g. low temperature) and is characterized by the temporal loss of culturability, which can potentially be restored. Moreover, this response can be combined with the bust and boom strategy, which implies the death of the main population of the stressed cells (or their entry into the VBNC state) upon stress, thus enabling the remaining cells (i.e. residual culturable population) to subsist at the expense of the dead or/and VBNC cells. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of the VBNC state, its biological significance and contribution to bacterial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Orruño
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena S/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - V R Kaberdin
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena S/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - I Arana
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena S/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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22
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Lim JY, Kim CM, Rhee JH, Kim YR. Effects of Pyrogallol on Growth and Cytotoxicity of Wild-Type and katG Mutant Strains of Vibrio vulnificus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167699. [PMID: 27936080 PMCID: PMC5147952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a causative agent of fatal septicemia and necrotic wound infection and the pathogen infection became an important public health problem in many counties. Vibrio vulnificus causes RtxA1 toxin-induced acute cell death. We tried to identify natural products that inhibit the acute cytotoxicity of V. vulnificus using a lactate hydrogenase assay. A polyphenol pyrogallol protected HeLa cells from V. vulnificus-induced cytotoxicity. Pyrogallol also decreased the growth of V. vulnificus; this inhibitory effect was more significant during log phase than stationary phase. To further elucidate the inhibitory mechanism, pyrogallol-induced toxicity was compared between a V. vulnificus catalase-peroxidase mutant (katG−) and the isogenic wild-type MO6-24/O strains. No growth was observed for the katG− mutant in the presence of pyrogallol (50 μg/mL) even after 24 h, whereas the wild-type strain demonstrated growth recovery following a prolonged lag phase. Pyrogallol-mediated growth inhibition of the katG− mutant strain was partially rescued by exogenous catalase treatment. These results indicate that the mechanism by which pyrogallol inhibits the growth and cytotoxicity of V. vulnificus likely involves polyphenol-induced prooxidant damage. Taken together, these results suggest that pyrogallol has potential for development as a new paradigm drug to treat infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Young Lim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Mee Kim
- Premedical Sciences, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Clinical Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ran Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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23
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Salvi A, Thanabalu T. WIP promotes in-vitro invasion ability, anchorage independent growth and EMT progression of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells by regulating RhoA levels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:1353-1359. [PMID: 27939884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell migration and invasion involves actin cytoskeleton reorganization, which is regulated by the WASP (Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome Protein) family of proteins such as WASP, N-WASP (Neural-WASP) and WASP interacting protein (WIP). In this study, we found that the expression of WIP was significantly upregulated in metastatic A5-RT3 cells compared to its parental non-tumorigenic HaCaT cells. Using A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line as the model system, we found that WIP regulates cell invasion, proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. Expression of WIP was enhanced during TGF-β1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and overexpression of WIP accelerated EMT while knocking down WIP attenuated EMT associated morphological changes. Knocking down WIP expression in A549 cells significantly reduced RhoA levels and WIP was found to interact with RhoA suggesting that WIP might be executing its function by regulating RhoA. Acquisition of invasive, proliferative properties and anoikis resistance is the central step in metastasis indicating a novel function of WIP in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Salvi
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Thirumaran Thanabalu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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24
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Salvi A, Thanabalu T. Expression of N-WASP is regulated by HiF1α through the hypoxia response element in the N-WASP promoter. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 9:13-21. [PMID: 28955984 PMCID: PMC5614722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell migration and invasion involves temporal and spatial regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization, which is regulated by the WASP family of proteins such as N-WASP (Neural- Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome Protein). We have previously shown that expression of N-WASP was increased under hypoxic conditions. In order to characterize the regulation of N-WASP expression, we constructed an N-WASP promoter driven GFP reporter construct, N-WASPpro-GFP. Transfection of N-WASPpro-GFP construct and plasmid expressing HiF1α (Hypoxia Inducible factor 1α) enhanced the expression of GFP suggesting that increased expression of N-WASP under hypoxic conditions is mediated by HiF1α. Sequence analysis of the N-WASP promoter revealed the presence of two hypoxia response elements (HREs) characterized by the consensus sequence 5′-GCGTG-3′ at -132 bp(HRE1) and at -662 bp(HRE2) relative to transcription start site (TSS). Site-directed mutagenesis of HRE1(-132) but not HRE2(-662) abolished the HiF1α induced activation of N-WASP promoter. Similarly ChIP assay demonstrated that HiF1α bound to HRE1(-132) but not HRE2(-662) under hypoxic condition. MDA-MB-231 cells but not MDA-MB-231KD cells treated with hypoxia mimicking agent, DMOG showed enhanced gelatin degradation. Similarly MDA-MB-231KD(N-WASPpro-N-WASPR) cells expressing N-WASPR under the transcriptional regulation of WT N-WASPpro but not MDA-MB-231KD(N-WASPproHRE1-N-WASPR) cells expressing N-WASPR under the transcriptional regulation of N-WASPproHRE1 showed enhanced gelatin degradation when treated with DMOG. Thus indicating the importance of N-WASP in hypoxia induced invadopodia formation. Thus, our data demonstrates that hypoxia-induced activation of N-WASP expression is mediated by interaction of HiF1α with the HRE1(-132) and explains the role of N-WASP in hypoxia induced invadopodia formation. Expression of N-WASP expression is enhanced under hypoxia conditions. N-WASP is essential for hypoxia induced invasion. HiF1α binds to hypoxia response element (HRE) in N-WASP promoter. HRE1 is essential for hypoxia induced invadopodia activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Salvi
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Thirumaran Thanabalu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
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25
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Pajuelo D, Hernández-Cabanyero C, Sanjuan E, Lee CT, Silva-Hernández FX, Hor LI, MacKenzie S, Amaro C. Iron and Fur in the life cycle of the zoonotic pathogenVibrio vulnificus. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:4005-4022. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Pajuelo
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED); University of Valencia; Dr. Moliner, 50 Valencia 46100 Spain
| | - Carla Hernández-Cabanyero
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED); University of Valencia; Dr. Moliner, 50 Valencia 46100 Spain
| | - Eva Sanjuan
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED); University of Valencia; Dr. Moliner, 50 Valencia 46100 Spain
| | - Chung-Te Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Tainan Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Francisco Xavier Silva-Hernández
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED); University of Valencia; Dr. Moliner, 50 Valencia 46100 Spain
| | - Lien-I Hor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Tainan Taiwan Republic of China
- College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan 701 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Simon MacKenzie
- Institute of Aquaculture; University of Stirling; Stirling UK
| | - Carmen Amaro
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED); University of Valencia; Dr. Moliner, 50 Valencia 46100 Spain
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